CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Great Artesian Basin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"485d5a41-be82-45c5-89bf-a9d9c0ad720d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Great_Artesian_Basin","wgTitle":"Great Artesian Basin","wgCurRevisionId":1251574171,"wgRevisionId":1251574171,"wgArticleId":55215,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use Australian English from June 2011","All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English","Use dmy dates from October 2020","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Drainage basins of Australia", "Aquifers in Australia","Endorheic basins of Australia","Landforms of New South Wales","Landforms of the Northern Territory","Landforms of Queensland","Landforms of South Australia","Geology of Australia","Regions of Australia","Regions of New South Wales","Regions of Queensland","Regions of South Australia","Lake Eyre basin","Physiographic provinces"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Great_Artesian_Basin","wgRelevantArticleId":55215,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true, "tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q656985","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Great_Artesian_Basin.png/1200px-Great_Artesian_Basin.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1040"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Great_Artesian_Basin.png/800px-Great_Artesian_Basin.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="693"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Great_Artesian_Basin.png/640px-Great_Artesian_Basin.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="554"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Great Artesian Basin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Great_Artesian_Basin rootpage-Great_Artesian_Basin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Great+Artesian+Basin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Great+Artesian+Basin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Great+Artesian+Basin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Great+Artesian+Basin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Physiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Physiography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physiography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physiography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_source" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_source"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Water source</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_source-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whole_of_Basin_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whole_of_Basin_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Whole of Basin management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whole_of_Basin_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Environmental concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Artesian Basin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="الحوض الارتوازي الكبير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحوض الارتوازي الكبير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Вялікі Артэзіянскі басейн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікі Артэзіянскі басейн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Голям артезиански басейн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голям артезиански басейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Conca_Artesiana" title="Gran Conca Artesiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Conca Artesiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin" title="Great Artesian Basin – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Great Artesian Basin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_art%C3%A9sk%C3%A1_p%C3%A1nev" title="Velká artéská pánev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velká artéská pánev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fes_Artesisches_Becken" title="Großes Artesisches Becken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großes Artesisches Becken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Cuenca_Artesiana" title="Gran Cuenca Artesiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Cuenca Artesiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artesiar_Arro_Handia" title="Artesiar Arro Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artesiar Arro Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="حوضه آرتزین بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوضه آرتزین بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_bassin_art%C3%A9sien" title="Grand bassin artésien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand bassin artésien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Bacino_Artesiano" title="Grande Bacino Artesiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grande Bacino Artesiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="დიდი არტეზიული აუზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი არტეზიული აუზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Үлкен артезиан алабы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үлкен артезиан алабы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielais_Art%C4%93ziskais_baseins" title="Lielais Artēziskais baseins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielais Artēziskais baseins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didysis_Artezinis_baseinas" title="Didysis Artezinis baseinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didysis Artezinis baseinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot_Artesisch_Bekken" title="Groot Artesisch Bekken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groot Artesisch Bekken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="グレートアーテジアン盆地 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレートアーテジアン盆地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katga_artezian_havzasi" title="Katga artezian havzasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katga artezian havzasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_Basen_Artezyjski" title="Wielki Basen Artezyjski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielki Basen Artezyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Большой Артезианский бассейн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Большой Артезианский бассейн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin" title="Great Artesian Basin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Great Artesian Basin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Велики артешки басен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велики артешки басен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso_arteesinen_allas" title="Iso arteesinen allas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iso arteesinen allas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin" title="Great Artesian Basin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Great Artesian Basin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Великий артезіанський басейн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Великий артезіанський басейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E6%B5%81%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="大自流盆地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大自流盆地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q656985#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Great_Artesian_Basin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Great_Artesian_Basin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Great_Artesian_Basin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&oldid=1251574171" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Great_Artesian_Basin&id=1251574171&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGreat_Artesian_Basin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGreat_Artesian_Basin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Great_Artesian_Basin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q656985" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large artesian aquifer in Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1095843157">.mw-parser-output .ib-landform{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform td,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-subheader{background-color:#e7dcc3;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-landform vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Great Artesian Basin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">Aquifer</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Artesian_Basin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Great_Artesian_Basin.png/250px-Great_Artesian_Basin.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Great_Artesian_Basin.png/375px-Great_Artesian_Basin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Great_Artesian_Basin.png/500px-Great_Artesian_Basin.png 2x" data-file-width="3037" data-file-height="2631" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_784785d8a477caf73f681a01b46c033d0edff9bd"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Great_Artesian_Basin&revid=1251574171&groups=_784785d8a477caf73f681a01b46c033d0edff9bd" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Great_Artesian_Basin&revid=1251574171&groups=_784785d8a477caf73f681a01b46c033d0edff9bd 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-landform-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700,000 km<sup>2</sup> (660,000 sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LightningRidgeBaths.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/LightningRidgeBaths.jpg/350px-LightningRidgeBaths.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/LightningRidgeBaths.jpg/525px-LightningRidgeBaths.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/LightningRidgeBaths.jpg/700px-LightningRidgeBaths.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Ridge,_New_South_Wales" title="Lightning Ridge, New South Wales">Lightning Ridge</a> bathing thermes supplied by artesian bore water</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThargomindahHydro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ThargomindahHydro.jpg/350px-ThargomindahHydro.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ThargomindahHydro.jpg/525px-ThargomindahHydro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ThargomindahHydro.jpg/700px-ThargomindahHydro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>Hot water bore hole into the Great Artesian Basin in <a href="/wiki/Thargomindah,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thargomindah, Queensland">Thargomindah</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beels_Bore_(9014738440).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Beels_Bore_%289014738440%29.jpg/350px-Beels_Bore_%289014738440%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Beels_Bore_%289014738440%29.jpg/525px-Beels_Bore_%289014738440%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Beels_Bore_%289014738440%29.jpg/700px-Beels_Bore_%289014738440%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Beel's Bore, Hariman Park near <a href="/wiki/Cunnamulla" title="Cunnamulla">Cunnamulla</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Great Artesian Basin</b> (<b>GAB</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-GAB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> is the largest and deepest <a href="/wiki/Artesian_aquifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Artesian aquifer">artesian basin</a> in the world, extending over 1,700,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi). Measured water temperatures range from 30 to 100 °C (86 to 212 °F). The basin provides the only source of <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> through much of inland Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-fresh_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fresh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basin underlies 22% of the Australian continent,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including most of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, the south-east corner of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, north-eastern <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. It is 3000 metres (9800 feet) deep in places and is estimated to contain 64,900 cubic kilometres (15,600 cubic miles) of <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC)<sup id="cite_ref-GABCC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GABCC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coordinates activity between federal, state/territory and local levels of government and community organisations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiography">Physiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This area is one of the distinct physiographic provinces of the larger <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Australian_Basins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Australian Basins (page does not exist)">East Australian Basins</a> division, and includes the smaller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilcannia_Threshold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilcannia Threshold (page does not exist)">Wilcannia Threshold</a> physiographic section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The water of the Great Artesian Basin is held in a sandstone layer laid down by continental erosion of higher ground during the <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>, and early <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> periods. During a time when much of what is now inland Australia was below <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, the sandstone was covered by a layer of marine sedimentary rock, which formed a confining layer that trapped water in the sandstone aquifer. The eastern edge of the basin was <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_uplift" title="Tectonic uplift">uplifted</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range" title="Great Dividing Range">Great Dividing Range</a> formed. The other side was created from the <a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">landforms</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Eastern_Lowlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Eastern Lowlands (page does not exist)">Central Eastern Lowlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Western Plateau">Great Western Plateau</a> to the west. </p><p>Most recharge water enters the rock formations from relatively high ground near the eastern edge of the basin (in Queensland and New South Wales) and very gradually flows toward the south and west.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A much smaller amount enters along the western margin in arid central Australia, flowing to the south and east through the <a href="/wiki/Permeability_(Earth_sciences)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permeability (Earth sciences)">permeable</a> sandstone, at a rate of one to five metres per year. </p><p>Discharge water eventually exits through a number of <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">springs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seep_(hydrology)" title="Seep (hydrology)">seeps</a>, mostly in the southern part of the basin. The age of the groundwater, determined by carbon-14 and chlorine-36 measurements combined with hydraulic modelling, ranges from several thousand years for the recharge areas in the north to nearly 2 million years in the south-western discharge zones.<sup id="cite_ref-Mudd_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mudd-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_source">Water source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Water source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the arrival of Europeans, waters of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) discharged through mound springs, many in arid South Australia, such as <a href="/wiki/Witjira-Dalhousie_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Witjira-Dalhousie Springs">Witjira-Dalhousie Springs</a>. These springs sustained a variety of endemic invertebrates, such as <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a>, and supported extensive Aboriginal communities and trade routes.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the arrival of Europeans, the springs facilitated exploration, and allowed the provision of faster communications between south-eastern Australia and Europe, via the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Overland_Telegraph_Line" title="Australian Overland Telegraph Line">Australian Overland Telegraph Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Great Artesian Basin became an important water supply for <a href="/wiki/Cattle_station" title="Cattle station">cattle stations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> and domestic purposes, and is a vital life line for rural Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-herqldout_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herqldout-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To tap it, <a href="/wiki/Borehole" title="Borehole">boreholes</a> are drilled down to a suitable rock layer, and the pressure of the water often forces it up without the need for <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pumps</a>. </p><p>The discovery and use of the water in the Great Artesian Basin allowed the settlement of thousands of square kilometres of country away from rivers in inland New South Wales, Queensland, and South Australia, that would otherwise have been unavailable for pastoral activities. European discovery of the basin dates from 1878 when a shallow bore near <a href="/wiki/Bourke,_New_South_Wales" title="Bourke, New South Wales">Bourke</a> produced flowing water. There were similar discoveries in 1886 at Back Creek east of <a href="/wiki/Barcaldine,_Queensland" title="Barcaldine, Queensland">Barcaldine</a>, and in 1887 near <a href="/wiki/Cunnamulla,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunnamulla, Queensland">Cunnamulla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-herqldout_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herqldout-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nicol_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicol-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In essence, water extraction from the GAB is a mining operation, with recharge much less than current extraction rates. In 1915, there were 1,500 bores providing 2,000 megalitres (1,600 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>) of water per day, but today the total output has dropped to 1,500 megalitres (1,200 acre⋅ft) per day.<sup id="cite_ref-fs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included just under 2,000 freely-flowing bores and more than 9,000 that required <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_advantage" title="Mechanical advantage">mechanical power</a> to bring water to the surface. Many bores are unregulated or abandoned, resulting in considerable water wastage.<sup id="cite_ref-aoq_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aoq-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These problems have existed for many decades, and in January 2007 the Australian Commonwealth Government announced additional funding in an attempt to bring them under control. However, many of the mound springs referred to above have dried up due to a drop in water pressure, probably resulting in extinction of several invertebrate species.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Dam_mine" title="Olympic Dam mine">Olympic Dam mine</a> in South Australia is permitted to extract up to 42 megalitres (1.5<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> cu ft) of water daily from the Great Artesian Basin under the <i>Roxby Downs (Indenture Ratification) Act 1982</i>. The underground copper and uranium mine commenced operations in 1988 and is expected to continue operating until approximately 2060.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In addition, the Basin provides water, via a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1.2-kilometre-deep (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> mi) bore, for a <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">geothermal power</a> station at <a href="/wiki/Birdsville,_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdsville, Queensland">Birdsville</a>. Water emerges from the bore at 98 °C (208 °F) and provides 25% of the town's electricity needs. After being cooled, the water is also the source of the town's drinking water.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whole_of_Basin_management">Whole of Basin management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Whole of Basin management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Great Artesian Basin underlies parts of Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia and the Northern Territory, which each operate under different legislative frameworks, policies and resource management approaches. In 2020 the <a href="/wiki/Australian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian government">Australian government</a> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Climate_Change,_Energy,_the_Environment_and_Water" title="Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water">Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</a> published the Great Artesian Basin Strategic Management Plan, which was prepared together with the individual governments and in consultation with the GABCC, stakeholders and public feedback.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC) provides advice from community organisations and agencies to state, territory and Australian government ministers on efficient, effective and sustainable whole-of-Basin resource management and to coordinate activity between stakeholders.<sup id="cite_ref-GABCC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GABCC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership of the Committee comprises all state, territory, and Australian government agencies with responsibilities for management of parts of the Great Artesian Basin, community representatives nominated by agencies; and sector representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-GABCC_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GABCC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_concerns">Environmental concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Environmental concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC TV (Australian TV channel)">ABC TV</a>'s public affairs program <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Four Corners (Australian TV program)">Four Corners</a></i> revealed that significant concerns were being expressed about depletion and chemical damage to the Basin as a result of <a href="/wiki/Coal_seam_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal seam gas">coal seam gas</a> extraction. In one incident, reported in the program, the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Gas_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Gas Company">Queensland Gas Company</a> (QGC) "<a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">fracked</a>" its Myrtle 3 well connecting the Springbok aquifer to the coal seam below (the Walloon Coal Measures) in 2009. A local farmer was concerned that the process might have released 130 litres (29 imp gal; 34 US gal) of a potentially toxic chemical into the Basin. QGC admitted the incident, but "did not alert authorities or nearby water users about the problem until thirteen months after the incident".<sup id="cite_ref-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The safety data sheet QGC had submitted for the hydraulic fracturing chemical was derived from the United States, incomplete and ten years out of date.<sup id="cite_ref-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over thirty chemicals may be used in the process of hydraulic fracturing and their long-term impact on aquifers, agriculture and people supported by them has been quantifiable and verified for quite some time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lead, aluminium, arsenic, barium, boron, nickel and uranium have all been found beyond recommended levels in the groundwater contaminated by coal seam gas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instances of groundwater being contaminated and by extension poisoning the ecosystems sustained by the availability of groundwater have been widely documented, and are an exacerbating factor in regards to the population's capability to cope with drought through usage of groundwater sources in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a> planned to inject up to 110,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year into a groundwater formation in the basin. Hydrogeologist Ned Hamer stated that the carbon dioxide would increase the acidity of the water to the extent that it would dissolve the rock, releasing heavy metals into the water and making it unusable.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Queensland Government rejected the proposal<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently banned <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">carbon capture and storage</a> using the Great Artesian Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/48px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/64px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/18px-Drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/28px-Drinking_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/37px-Drinking_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Water" title="Portal:Water">Water portal</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Australia" title="Geology of Australia">Geology of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Aquifer" title="Guarani Aquifer">Guarani Aquifer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GAB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GAB_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/water/groundwater/gab">"Great Artesian Basin"</a>. <i>Water</i>. <a href="/wiki/Geoscience_Australia" title="Geoscience Australia">Geoscience Australia</a>. 15 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water&rft.atitle=Great+Artesian+Basin&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fscientific-topics%2Fwater%2Fgroundwater%2Fgab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fresh-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fresh_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanevello2001" class="citation thesis cs1">Spanevello, M. D. (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924062257/https://www120.secure.griffith.edu.au/rch/file/5daeafb1-3029-96de-12cd-2a83e20a19b4/1/02Whole.pdf"><i>The phylogeny of prokaryotes associated with Australia's Great Artesian Basin</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Griffith_University" title="Griffith University">Griffith University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www120.secure.griffith.edu.au/rch/file/5daeafb1-3029-96de-12cd-2a83e20a19b4/1/02Whole.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+phylogeny+of+prokaryotes+associated+with+Australia%27s+Great+Artesian+Basin&rft.inst=Griffith+University&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Spanevello&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww120.secure.griffith.edu.au%2Frch%2Ffile%2F5daeafb1-3029-96de-12cd-2a83e20a19b4%2F1%2F02Whole.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agriculture.gov.au/water/national/great-artesian-basin">"Great Artesian Basin - Department of Agriculture"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Artesian+Basin+-+Department+of+Agriculture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture.gov.au%2Fwater%2Fnational%2Fgreat-artesian-basin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fs_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fs_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923113138/http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/factsheets/pdf/water/w68.pdf">"Underground water factsheets: Great Artesian Basin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Environment and Resource Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/factsheets/pdf/water/w68.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Underground+water+factsheets%3A+Great+Artesian+Basin&rft.pub=Department+of+Environment+and+Resource+Management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.derm.qld.gov.au%2Ffactsheets%2Fpdf%2Fwater%2Fw68.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GABCC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GABCC_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GABCC_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GABCC_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gabcc.org.au/index.aspx">GABCC website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207075858/http://www.gabcc.org.au/index.aspx">Archived</a> 7 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gabcc.org.au/tools/getFile.aspx?tbl=tblContentItem&id=96">http://www.gabcc.org.au/tools/getFile.aspx?tbl=tblContentItem&id=96</a> page 40 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140204111235/http://www.gabcc.org.au/tools/getFile.aspx?tbl=tblContentItem&id=96">Archived</a> 4 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mudd-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mudd_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMudd2000" class="citation journal cs1">Mudd, G.M. (March 2000). "Mound springs of the Great Artesian Basin in South Australia:a case study from Olympic Dam". <i>Environmental Geology</i>. <b>39</b> (5). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg: 463–476. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002540050452">10.1007/s002540050452</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54687235">54687235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=Mound+springs+of+the+Great+Artesian+Basin+in+South+Australia%3Aa+case+study+from+Olympic+Dam&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=463-476&rft.date=2000-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs002540050452&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54687235%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mudd&rft.aufirst=G.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, Colin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icomos.org/australia/Tracks/02%20Harris,%20Mound%20Springs.doc">Culture and geography: South Australia's mound springs as trade and communication routes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051116034933/http://www.icomos.org/australia/Tracks/02%20Harris%2C%20Mound%20Springs.doc">Archived</a> 16 November 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Environment">Historic Environment</a></i>, 16 (2), 8–11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0726-6715">0726-6715</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herqldout-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-herqldout_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-herqldout_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnvironmental_Protection_Agency_(Queensland)2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency_(Queensland)" title="Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)">Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)</a> (2002). <i>Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback</i>. State of Queensland. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7345-1040-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7345-1040-3"><bdi>0-7345-1040-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heritage+Trails+of+the+Queensland+Outback&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=State+of+Queensland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7345-1040-3&rft.au=Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28Queensland%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicol-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nicol_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol2005" class="citation web cs1">Nicol, Sally (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315203025/http://www.nrw.qld.gov.au/water/gab/cd_rom/track1.html">"The Great Artesian Basin: past, present and future"</a>. <i>Water management</i>. The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and Water). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrw.qld.gov.au/water/gab/cd_rom/track1.html">the original</a> on 15 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water+management&rft.atitle=The+Great+Artesian+Basin%3A+past%2C+present+and+future&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrw.qld.gov.au%2Fwater%2Fgab%2Fcd_rom%2Ftrack1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aoq-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aoq_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCosker2022" class="citation news cs1">McCosker, Maddelin (17 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2022-08-17/emerging-springs-across-queenslands-great-artesian-basin/101260220">"Across outback Queensland, Great Artesian Basin water is surfacing where it has never been seen before"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Across+outback+Queensland%2C+Great+Artesian+Basin+water+is+surfacing+where+it+has+never+been+seen+before&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft.aulast=McCosker&rft.aufirst=Maddelin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Frural%2F2022-08-17%2Femerging-springs-across-queenslands-great-artesian-basin%2F101260220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ponder, Winston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austmus.gov.au/factsheets/mound_springs.htm">Mound Springs in Arid Australia</a>, Australian Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/ArtesianSpringsEcologicalCommunityEndComListing.htm">Artesian springs ecological community - endangered ecological community listing - final determination</a>, NSW Scientific Committee, Minister for the Climate Change and the Environment, New South Wales Government. Gazetted 15 June 2001. Page updated 12 February 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716063233/http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00834aa.pdf/Birdsville_geothermal_power_station.pdf">"Birdsville geothermal power station (pdf)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Queensland Sustainable Energy Innovation Fund. September 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00834aa.pdf/Birdsville_geothermal_power_station.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Birdsville+geothermal+power+station+%28pdf%29&rft.pub=Queensland+Sustainable+Energy+Innovation+Fund&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.qld.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Fp00834aa.pdf%2FBirdsville_geothermal_power_station.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/water/policy/national/great-artesian-basin/strategic-management-plan">"Great Artesian Basin Strategic Management Plan"</a>. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Artesian+Basin+Strategic+Management+Plan&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcceew.gov.au%2Fwater%2Fpolicy%2Fnational%2Fgreat-artesian-basin%2Fstrategic-management-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc.net.au-2011-02-21/farmers-count1951670_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-02-21/farmers-count-cost-of-coal-seam-gas-rush/1951670">"Farmers count cost of coal seam gas rush"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a></i>. Australia. 21 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Farmers+count+cost+of+coal+seam+gas+rush&rft.date=2011-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-02-21%2Ffarmers-count-cost-of-coal-seam-gas-rush%2F1951670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2019" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Josh (26 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-26/coal-seam-gas-mining-no-go-zone-linc-energy-contamination-ground/11141008">"New CSG no-go zone aimed to quarantine contaminated Queensland groundwater"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=New+CSG+no-go+zone+aimed+to+quarantine+contaminated+Queensland+groundwater&rft.date=2019-05-26&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-05-26%2Fcoal-seam-gas-mining-no-go-zone-linc-energy-contamination-ground%2F11141008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls2014" class="citation web cs1">Nicholls, Sean (7 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/environment/santos-coal-seam-gas-project-contaminates-aquifer-20140307-34csb.html">"Santos coal seam gas project contaminates aquifer"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Santos+coal+seam+gas+project+contaminates+aquifer&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fenvironment%2Fsantos-coal-seam-gas-project-contaminates-aquifer-20140307-34csb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2017" class="citation news cs1">Chan, Gabrielle (26 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/may/27/toxic-waste-danger-to-drinking-water-if-santos-csg-project-goes-ahead-report">"Toxic waste could endanger drinking water if Santos CSG project goes ahead – report"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Toxic+waste+could+endanger+drinking+water+if+Santos+CSG+project+goes+ahead+%E2%80%93+report&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2017%2Fmay%2F27%2Ftoxic-waste-danger-to-drinking-water-if-santos-csg-project-goes-ahead-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2023-11-23/great-artesian-basin-carbon-capture-project-opposition/103080402">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Not a plaything': Anger grows over mining giant's plan to inject waste into Great Artesian Basin"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 23 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=%27Not+a+plaything%27%3A+Anger+grows+over+mining+giant%27s+plan+to+inject+waste+into+Great+Artesian+Basin&rft.date=2023-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Frural%2F2023-11-23%2Fgreat-artesian-basin-carbon-capture-project-opposition%2F103080402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-05-24/great-artesian-basin-carbon-storage-plan-rejected/103889302">"Queensland government rejects Great Artesian Basin carbon capture and storage project"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 24 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Queensland+government+rejects+Great+Artesian+Basin+carbon+capture+and+storage+project&rft.date=2024-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2024-05-24%2Fgreat-artesian-basin-carbon-storage-plan-rejected%2F103889302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.abc.net.au/article/103915492">"Queensland government to introduce ban on carbon capture and storage in Great Artesian Basin"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Queensland+government+to+introduce+ban+on+carbon+capture+and+storage+in+Great+Artesian+Basin&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.abc.net.au%2Farticle%2F103915492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Artesian+Basin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre4bn00u-us-australia/">Ancient water source vital for Australia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107125531/http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre4bn00u-us-australia/">Archived</a> 7 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ScienceDaily</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gabcc.org.au/">Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811035421/http://www.gabcc.org.au/">Archived</a> 11 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - information and resources relating to the Great Artesian Basin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/water/publications/agriculture/video-great-artesian-basin.html">Water Down Under - The Great Artesian Basin Story</a>, Video production by Anvil Media on behalf of the Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee (GABCC), 2008, Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99183494920902061">Liquid Gold: the Great Artesian Basin in Queensland Digital Story 2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drainage_basins_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible open navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drainage_basins_of_Australia" title="Template:Drainage basins of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drainage_basins_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Drainage basins of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drainage_basins_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drainage basins of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drainage_basins_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Drainage basins</a> of Australia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley (Western Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Eyre_basin" title="Lake Eyre basin">Lake Eyre basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray%E2%80%93Darling_basin" title="Murray–Darling basin">Murray–Darling basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_north-east_coast_drainage_division" title="Australian north-east coast drainage division">North-east coast drainage division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara (Western Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_gulf_drainage_division" title="South Australian gulf drainage division">South Australian gulf drainage division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_south-east_coast_drainage_division" title="Australian south-east coast drainage division">South-east coast drainage division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_corner_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest corner of Western Australia">Southwest corner of Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania#Geography" title="Tasmania">Geography of Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_End" title="Top End">Top End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Plateau" title="Western Plateau">Western Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Drainage_basins_of_Australia" title="Category:Drainage basins of Australia">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drainage_basins_of_Australia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Drainage basins of Australia">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aquifers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible {{{state=autocollapse}}} navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aquifers" title="Template:Aquifers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aquifers" title="Template talk:Aquifers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aquifers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aquifers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aquifers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">Aquifers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkell_Spring_Grounds" title="Arkell Spring Grounds">Arkell Spring Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_River_System" title="Laurentian River System">Laurentian River System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridges_Moraine" title="Oak Ridges Moraine">Oak Ridges Moraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_Aquifer" title="Biscayne Aquifer">Biscayne Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Subbasin" title="Bishop Subbasin">Bishop Subbasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buried_Valley_Aquifer_System" title="Buried Valley Aquifer System">Buried Valley Aquifer System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Aquifer" title="Edwards Aquifer">Edwards Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridan_aquifer" title="Floridan aquifer">Floridan aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Hills_Formation" title="Fox Hills Formation">Fox Hills Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood%E2%80%93Cohansey_aquifer" title="Kirkwood–Cohansey aquifer">Kirkwood–Cohansey aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahomet_Aquifer" title="Mahomet Aquifer">Mahomet Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer" title="Ogallala Aquifer">Ogallala Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Formation" title="San Diego Formation">San Diego Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankoty_Aquifer" title="Sankoty Aquifer">Sankoty Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_valley_aquifer" title="Santa Clara valley aquifer">Santa Clara valley aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_River_Aquifer" title="Snake River Aquifer">Snake River Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hills_Aquifer" title="Southern Hills Aquifer">Southern Hills Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turlock_Basin" title="Turlock Basin">Turlock Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wekepeke" title="Wekepeke">Wekepeke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Texcoco" title="Lake Texcoco">Lake Texcoco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Aquifer" title="Guarani Aquifer">Guarani Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_River" title="Hamza River">Hamza River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botany_Sands_Aquifer" title="Botany Sands Aquifer">Botany Sands Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnangara_Mound" title="Gnangara Mound">Gnangara Mound</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great Artesian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandakot_Mound" title="Jandakot Mound">Jandakot Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarragadee_Aquifer" title="Yarragadee Aquifer">Yarragadee Aquifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waiwhetu_Aquifer" title="Waiwhetu Aquifer">Waiwhetu Aquifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bas_Saharan_Basin" title="Bas Saharan Basin">Bas Saharan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotikipi_Basin_Aquifer" title="Lotikipi Basin Aquifer">Lotikipi Basin Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_Sandstone_Aquifer_System" title="Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System">Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle-East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarkon-Taninim_Aquifer" title="Yarkon-Taninim Aquifer">Yarkon-Taninim Aquifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alnarpsstr%C3%B6mmen" title="Alnarpsströmmen">Alnarpsströmmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyll_Aquifer" title="Schwyll Aquifer">Schwyll Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain" title="Upper Rhine Plain">Upper Rhine Plain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aquifers" title="List of aquifers">List of aquifers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifers_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifers in the United States">Aquifers in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer_storage_and_recovery" title="Aquifer storage and recovery">Aquifer storage and recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer_test" title="Aquifer test">Aquifer test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesian_aquifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Artesian aquifer">Artesian aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_Source_Aquifer" title="Sole Source Aquifer">Sole Source Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surficial_aquifer" title="Surficial aquifer">Surficial aquifer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Aquifers" title="Category:Aquifers">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656985#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656985#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656985#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/233863427">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfh4QpXw9Mc9fxmhxGyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4408757-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh90001347">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548996305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&oldid=1251574171">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&oldid=1251574171</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drainage_basins_of_Australia" title="Category:Drainage basins of Australia">Drainage basins of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aquifers_in_Australia" title="Category:Aquifers in Australia">Aquifers in Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Endorheic_basins_of_Australia" title="Category:Endorheic basins of Australia">Endorheic basins of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_New_South_Wales" title="Category:Landforms of New South Wales">Landforms of New South Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Category:Landforms of the Northern Territory">Landforms of the Northern Territory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_Queensland" title="Category:Landforms of Queensland">Landforms of Queensland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_South_Australia" title="Category:Landforms of South Australia">Landforms of South Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Australia" title="Category:Geology of Australia">Geology of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Australia" title="Category:Regions of Australia">Regions of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_New_South_Wales" title="Category:Regions of New South Wales">Regions of New South Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Queensland" title="Category:Regions of Queensland">Regions of Queensland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_South_Australia" title="Category:Regions of South Australia">Regions of South Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lake_Eyre_basin" title="Category:Lake Eyre basin">Lake Eyre basin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Physiographic_provinces" title="Category:Physiographic provinces">Physiographic provinces</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_June_2011" title="Category:Use Australian English from June 2011">Use Australian English from June 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 21:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Artesian_Basin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5b4c46c98-wqzwk","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_784785d8a477caf73f681a01b46c033d0edff9bd":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q656985","properties":{"title":"Great Artesian Basin","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q656985","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Great Artesian Basin"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[143,-25],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Great Artesian Basin","marker-symbol":"natural"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.800","walltime":"1.095","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3072,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":70567,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4103,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":94767,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 987.848 1 -total"," 29.10% 287.506 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.15% 248.446 1 Template:Infobox_landform"," 24.30% 240.084 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.60% 124.497 7 Template:Cite_web"," 12.50% 123.526 1 Template:Drainage_basins_of_Australia"," 11.78% 116.358 1 Template:Native_name_checker"," 11.59% 114.528 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.36% 102.295 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.20% 71.095 1 Template:Stack"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.526","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20777562,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5b4c46c98-hcpf2","timestamp":"20241204181225","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Great Artesian Basin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Artesian_Basin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q656985","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q656985","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-06T16:43:41Z","dateModified":"2024-10-16T21:23:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8d\/Great_Artesian_Basin.png","headline":"large Artesian aquifer in Australia"}</script> </body> </html>