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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Flower gifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flower_gifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wedding anniversary</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81" title="ذكرى الزفاف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذكرى الزفاف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniversariu_de_bodes" title="Aniversariu de bodes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aniversariu de bodes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Гадавіна вяселля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гадавіна вяселля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Годишнини от сватбата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Годишнини от сватбата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniversari_de_noces" title="Aniversari de noces – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aniversari de noces" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDro%C4%8D%C3%AD_svatby" title="Výročí svatby – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Výročí svatby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryllupsdag" title="Bryllupsdag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bryllupsdag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochzeitstag" title="Hochzeitstag – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hochzeitstag" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulma-aastap%C3%A4ev" title="Pulma-aastapäev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pulma-aastapäev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniversario_de_bodas" title="Aniversario de bodas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aniversario de bodas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuptaj_jubileoj" title="Nuptaj jubileoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nuptaj jubileoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eztei_urteurren" title="Eztei urteurren – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eztei urteurren" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="سالگرد ازدواج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سالگرد ازدواج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniversaire_de_mariage" title="Anniversaire de mariage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anniversaire de mariage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%ED%98%BC%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%EC%9D%BC" title="결혼기념일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결혼기념일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1" title="Հարսանեկան տարեդարձ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարսանեկան տարեդարձ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulang_tahun_pernikahan" title="Ulang tahun pernikahan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ulang tahun pernikahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BA%C3%B0kaupsafm%C3%A6li" title="Brúðkaupsafmæli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brúðkaupsafmæli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniversario_di_matrimonio" title="Anniversario di matrimonio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anniversario di matrimonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="יום נישואים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יום נישואים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B5" title="ವಿವಾಹ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿವಾಹ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestuvi%C5%B3_metin%C4%97s" title="Vestuvių metinės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vestuvių metinės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1zass%C3%A1gi_%C3%A9vfordul%C3%B3" title="Házassági évforduló – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Házassági évforduló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulang_tahun_perkahwinan" title="Ulang tahun perkahwinan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ulang tahun perkahwinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouwdag" title="Trouwdag – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trouwdag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" title="結婚記念日 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結婚記念日" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryllupsdag" title="Bryllupsdag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bryllupsdag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryllaupsdag" title="Bryllaupsdag – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bryllaupsdag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%81" title="شادی دی سالگرہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شادی دی سالگرہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anivers%C3%A1rio_de_casamento" title="Aniversário de casamento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aniversário de casamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniversarea_c%C4%83s%C4%83toriei" title="Aniversarea căsătoriei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aniversarea căsătoriei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Годовщины свадьбы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Годовщины свадьбы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDro%C4%8Die_svadby" title="Výročie svadby – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Výročie svadby" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4%C3%A4p%C3%A4ivien_nimitykset" title="Hääpäivien nimitykset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hääpäivien nimitykset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_namn_p%C3%A5_br%C3%B6llopsdagar" title="Lista över namn på bröllopsdagar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över namn på bröllopsdagar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evlilik_y%C4%B1ld%C3%B6n%C3%BCm%C3%BC" title="Evlilik yıldönümü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evlilik yıldönümü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Річниця весілля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річниця весілля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%81" title="شادی کی سالگرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شادی کی سالگرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0y_k%E1%BB%B7_ni%E1%BB%87m_c%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Ngày kỷ niệm cưới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngày kỷ niệm cưới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%A9%9A%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" title="结婚纪念日 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="结婚纪念日" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1136848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 2017 Indian film, see <a href="/wiki/Wedding_Anniversary" title="Wedding Anniversary">Wedding Anniversary</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg/220px-Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg/330px-Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg/440px-Fifty_years_since_our_wedding_day-George_Hare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>"Fifty years since our wedding day", <a href="/wiki/Sentimentality" title="Sentimentality">sentimental</a> painting by <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Hare" title="Saint George Hare">George Hare</a> depicting an elderly couple in a church</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>wedding anniversary</b> is the anniversary of the date that a wedding took place. Couples often mark the occasion by celebrating their relationship, either privately or with a larger party. Special celebrations and gifts are often given for particular anniversary milestones (e.g., 10, 15, 20, or 25 years). In some cultures, traditional names exist for milestone anniversaries; for instance, fifty years of marriage may be known variously as a "golden wedding anniversary", "golden anniversary" or "golden wedding". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History,_traditions_and_recognition"><span id="History.2C_traditions_and_recognition"></span>History, traditions and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History, traditions and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Associating a wedding anniversary with precious metals such as "gold" (50 years) or "silver" (25 years) has been documented in Germanic countries since the 1500s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English-speaking countries, the tradition of associating gift-giving with wedding anniversaries became more prevalent in the nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twentieth century, increased commercialization led to the inclusion of more anniversaries to a list of predetermined gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some parts of the world, couples can receive special recognition from government officials for particular milestones. In the Commonwealth realms, a couple can receive a message from the monarch for 60th, 65th and 70th wedding anniversaries and for any wedding anniversary after that. This is done by applying to <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> or to the <a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">governor-general</a>'s office in the other Commonwealth realms.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, couples can receive a congratulatory letter from the governor-general on the 50th and all subsequent wedding anniversaries. The prime minister, the Leader of the Opposition, local members of both state and federal parliaments as well as state governors may also send salutations for the same anniversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, couples can also receive a message from the governor-general for the 50th anniversary and every fifth anniversary after that.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a couple can receive an anniversary greeting card from the president for the 50th and all subsequent anniversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholics</a> may apply for a <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_blessing" title="Apostolic blessing">papal blessing</a> through their local diocese for wedding anniversaries of a special nature (25th, 50th, 60th, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_gifts">Commercial gifts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commercial gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wedding_anniversary" title="Special:EditPage/Wedding anniversary">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some significant anniversaries have names that suggest appropriate or traditional gifts, such as a <a href="/wiki/Silver_jubilee" title="Silver jubilee">silver</a> or <a href="/wiki/Platinum_jubilee" title="Platinum jubilee">platinum jubilee</a>. Gifts may be exchanged by spouses or given by guests at parties; they may also influence an anniversary party's theme or decoration. These gifts vary in different countries, but some anniversary years now have well-established connections common to many nations; a popular analogy are the numerous jubilees thrown to celebrate anniversary milestones in the reigns of English and British monarchs, all of which are also associated with precious stones or metals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>25th anniversary: <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Jubilee">silver</a></li> <li>40th anniversary: <a href="/wiki/Ruby_jubilee" title="Ruby jubilee">ruby</a></li> <li>50th anniversary: <a href="/wiki/Golden_jubilee" title="Golden jubilee">gold</a></li> <li>60th anniversary: <a href="/wiki/Diamond_jubilee" title="Diamond jubilee">diamond</a></li> <li>70th anniversary: <a href="/wiki/Platinum_jubilee" title="Platinum jubilee">platinum</a></li></ul> <p>In English-speaking countries, the fifth-year gift (wood) was cut on the day of celebration and then presented to the wife as a finished item before the next two <a href="/wiki/Quarter_days" title="Quarter days">quarter days</a> had passed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1937, the American National Retail Jeweler Association (now known as <a href="/wiki/Jewelers_of_America" title="Jewelers of America">Jewelers of America</a> as a result of an organizational merger) introduced an expanded list of gifts. The revamped list gave a gift for each year up to the 25th and then for every fifth anniversary after that.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In South India, 60th and 80th wedding anniversaries are accompanied by large celebrations similar to weddings. In Tamil Nadu, there is a famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thirukadaiyur_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thirukadaiyur Temple (page does not exist)">Thirukadaiyur Temple</a> where special <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">pujas</a> are conducted for wedding anniversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="traditional_gifts"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_anniversary_gifts">Traditional anniversary gifts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Traditional anniversary gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Traditional (U.S.)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Traditional (U.K.)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a> or paper </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd </td> <td>Cotton </td> <td>Paper or cotton </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> </td> <td>Linen, silk </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5th</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> </td> <td>Wool </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a> </td> <td>Bronze, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10th</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> </td> <td>Tin </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a> </td> <td>Silk and fine linen </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>15th</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">Crystal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>20th</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>25th</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Silver </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>30th</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>35th</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>40th</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Ruby </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>45th</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">Sapphire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>50th</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Gold </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>55th</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Emerald </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>60th</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Diamond </td></tr> <tr> <td>65th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_sapphire" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue sapphire">Blue sapphire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70th </td> <td> </td> <td>Platinum<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>75th</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Diamond, gold </td></tr> <tr> <td>80th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>85th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)" title="Moonstone (gemstone)">Moonstone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90th </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="flower_gifts"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flower_gifts">Flower gifts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flower gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flowers are also associated with wedding anniversaries up to and including the 50th anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Flower </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnation">Carnation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(plant)" title="Cosmos (plant)">Cosmos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">Sunflower</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geranium" title="Geranium">Geranium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellis_perennis" title="Bellis perennis">Daisy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daffodil" class="mw-redirect" title="Daffodil">Daffodil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rose</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aster_(genus)" title="Aster (genus)">Aster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iris_(plant)" title="Iris (plant)">Iris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Lily">Lily</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gladiolus" title="Gladiolus">Gladiolus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50th </td> <td>Yellow rose with <a href="/wiki/Violets" class="mw-redirect" title="Violets">violets</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_precious_substances" title="Hierarchy of precious substances">Hierarchy of precious substances</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli i <i>Folklore suisse.</i> Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Volkskunde, 11. årgang (1921) S. 51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoontz2005" class="citation book cs1">Coontz, Stephanie (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/646987278"><i>Marriage, a history : from obedience to intimacy or how love conquered marriage</i></a>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-322-69205-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-322-69205-X"><bdi>1-322-69205-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/646987278">646987278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage%2C+a+history+%3A+from+obedience+to+intimacy+or+how+love+conquered+marriage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F646987278&rft.isbn=1-322-69205-X&rft.aulast=Coontz&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F646987278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615233405/http://www.debretts.com/etiquette/rites-of-passage/wedding-anniversaries/british-anniversaries.aspx">"Wedding Anniversaries"</a>. <i>Debrett's Everyday Etiquette</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/etiquette/rites-of-passage/wedding-anniversaries/british-anniversaries.aspx">the original</a> on 15 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Why+Are+You+Supposed+to+Give+Things+Like+Paper+as+Anniversary+Presents%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4771179%2Fhistory-anniversary-gifts-paper-silver-gold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/anniversary-messages">"Anniversary messages"</a>. <i>royal.uk</i>. 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Retrieved on 2015-05-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diocesetucson.org/officeofbishop2.html">"To Request a Papal Blessing"</a>. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, Office of the Bishop<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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L128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anniversarygifts.co.uk/general-anniversary-articles/list-php/">"Wedding Anniversary Gift List"</a>. <i>Anniversary Gifts</i>. 24 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hitched.co.uk&rft.atitle=Wedding+Anniversary+Gift+Ideas+by+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitched.co.uk%2Fwedding-planning%2Forganising-and-planning%2Fthe-complete-wedding-anniversary-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancasterguardian.co.uk/family-page/The-platinum-wedding-anniversary-of.3649394.jp">"The platinum wedding anniversary of Jim and Gladys Till"</a>. <i>Lancaster Guardian</i>, 8 January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/1.223036">"Tenor and wife toast 70 years of marriage"</a>. <i>North West Evening Mail</i>, 15 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/waterlooville-and-e-hants/Theyve-been-around-the-world.4368785.jp">"They've been around the world in 70 years"</a>. <i>Portsmouth News</i>, 29 July 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2008" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Vikki (24 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528011731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2020233/Britain%27s-longest-married-couple-celebrate-a-quiet-80th-anniversary.html">"Britain's longest married couple celebrate a quiet 80th anniversary"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2020233/Britain%27s-longest-married-couple-celebrate-a-quiet-80th-anniversary.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+longest+married+couple+celebrate+a+quiet+80th+anniversary&rft.date=2008-05-24&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Vikki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F2020233%2FBritain%2527s-longest-married-couple-celebrate-a-quiet-80th-anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010064447/http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/Queenandanniversarymessages/Factsandfigures.aspx">"The Queen and anniversary messages – Facts and figures"</a>. <i>The British Monarchy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/Queenandanniversarymessages/Factsandfigures.aspx">the original</a> on 10 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Monarchy&rft.atitle=The+Queen+and+anniversary+messages+%E2%80%93+Facts+and+figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FHMTheQueen%2FQueenandanniversarymessages%2FFactsandfigures.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2017" class="citation web cs1">Carlson, Tara (5 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717194813/https://www.1800flowers.com/blog/flower-facts/wedding-anniversary-flowers-by-year">"What is each wedding anniversary's flower?"</a>. <i>Petal Talk</i>. <a href="/wiki/1-800-Flowers.com,_Inc." title="1-800-Flowers.com, Inc.">1-800-Flowers.com, Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1800flowers.com/blog/flower-facts/wedding-anniversary-flowers-by-year/">the original</a> on 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Petal+Talk&rft.atitle=What+is+each+wedding+anniversary%27s+flower%3F&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1800flowers.com%2Fblog%2Fflower-facts%2Fwedding-anniversary-flowers-by-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/bazaar-brides/g28206421/heres-which-flower-represents-each-year-of-your-marriage/?slide=5">"Here's which flower represents each year of your marriage"</a>. <i>Harper's BAZAAR</i>. 3 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+BAZAAR&rft.atitle=Here%27s+which+flower+represents+each+year+of+your+marriage&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpersbazaar.com%2Fuk%2Fbazaar-brides%2Fg28206421%2Fheres-which-flower-represents-each-year-of-your-marriage%2F%3Fslide%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWedding+anniversary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wedding_anniversary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wedding_anniversaries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wedding anniversaries">Wedding anniversaries</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weddings" title="Template talk:Weddings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weddings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weddings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Weddings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_wedding" title="Collective wedding">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wedding" title="White wedding">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal_planner" title="Marriage proposal planner">Marriage proposal planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_proposal" title="Marriage proposal">Marriage proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_planner" title="Wedding planner">Wedding planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal registry">Bridal registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_invitation" title="Wedding invitation">Wedding invitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_and_doe" title="Stag and doe">Stag and doe party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">Marriage license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal_dinner" title="Rehearsal dinner">Rehearsal dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_chapel" title="Wedding chapel">Wedding chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage" title="Gretna Green">Gretna Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_weddings" title="Las Vegas weddings">Las Vegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera gloves">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter_(stockings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garter (stockings)">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_arras" title="Las arras">Las arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes_Gamikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebes Gamikos">Lebes Gamikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cord" title="Wedding cord">Wedding cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_favors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding favors">Wedding favors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding mandap">Wedding mandap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring_cushion" title="Wedding ring cushion">Wedding ring cushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well_(wedding)" title="Wishing well (wedding)">Wishing well</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_ceremony_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wedding ceremony participants">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">Bride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_brides" title="List of child brides">child bride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridegroom" title="Bridegroom">Bridegroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_bridegrooms" title="List of child bridegrooms">child bridegroom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">Bridesmaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesman" title="Bridesman">Bridesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">Flower girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groomsman" title="Groomsman">Groomsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_boy_(wedding_attendant)" title="Page boy (wedding attendant)">Page boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_officiant" title="Marriage officiant">Officiant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahesta_Bero" title="Ahesta Bero">Ahesta Bero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedding_ceremony" title="Bedding ceremony">Bedding ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_Chorus" title="Bridal Chorus">Bridal Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_dance" title="First dance">First dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wedding_Blessing" title="Indian Wedding Blessing">"Indian" Wedding Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_the_broom" title="Jumping the broom">Jumping the broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lychgate#Use_at_weddings" title="Lychgate">Lychgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_dance" title="Money dance">Money dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_music" title="Wedding music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polterabend" title="Polterabend">Polterabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounded_rice_ritual" title="Pounded rice ritual">Pounded rice ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyebaek" title="Pyebaek">Pyebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_the_dress" title="Trash the dress">Trash the dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_candle" title="Unity candle">Unity candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_March_(Mendelssohn)" title="Wedding March (Mendelssohn)">Wedding March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_videography" title="Wedding videography">Wedding videography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_breakfast" title="Wedding breakfast">Wedding breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">Wedding cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake_topper" title="Wedding cake topper">Wedding cake topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_table" title="Cookie table">Cookie table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom%27s_cake" title="Groom's cake">Groom's cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochzeitssuppe" title="Hochzeitssuppe">Hochzeitssuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">Kolach (bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovai" title="Korovai">Korovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_cup" title="Loving cup">Loving cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_card" title="Place card">Place card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion<br />or culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj (Sikh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_wedding" title="Arab wedding">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayie" title="Ayie">Ayie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_wedding" title="Ayyavazhi wedding">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay_wedding" title="Brunei Malay wedding">Brunei Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese marriage">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pre-wedding_customs" title="Chinese pre-wedding customs">Pre-wedding customs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_marriage" title="Hajong marriage">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices" title="Islamic marital practices">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyer_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyer wedding">Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon wedding">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian wedding">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Poruwa ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_wedding_traditions" title="Punjabi wedding traditions">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrani_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrani wedding">Saint Thomas Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_wedding" title="Shinto wedding">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_wedding_traditions" title="Timorese wedding traditions">Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_by_country" title="Wedding customs by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_in_Ethiopia" title="Wedding customs in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_weddings" title="Icelandic weddings">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_India" title="Weddings in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_Myanmar" title="Weddings in Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wedding_traditions" title="Ukrainian wedding traditions">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Weddings in the United States and Canada">United States and Canada</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_England_and_Wales" title="Marriage in England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Scotland" title="Marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_marriage_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of marriage in Great Britain and Ireland">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_wedding" title="Traditional Vietnamese wedding">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_registry" title="Honeymoon registry">Honeymoon registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consummation" title="Consummation">Consummation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wedding" title="Black wedding">Black wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows" title="Marriage vows">Marriage vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlywed" title="Newlywed">Newlywed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings" title="List of royal weddings">Royal weddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-uniting_marriage" title="Self-uniting marriage">Self-uniting marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_wedding" title="Shotgun wedding">Shotgun wedding</a></li> 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