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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>List</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Qualifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Qualifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Qualifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-System_of_elections_in_Lok_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_of_elections_in_Lok_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>System of elections in Lok Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_of_elections_in_Lok_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Procedure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Procedure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Procedure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Procedure_in_the_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedure_in_the_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Procedure in the House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedure_in_the_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Question_Hour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Question_Hour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Question Hour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Question_Hour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zero_Hour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zero_Hour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Zero Hour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zero_Hour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_after_Question_Hour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_after_Question_Hour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Business after Question Hour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_after_Question_Hour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Main business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Legislative business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Financial business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motions_and_resolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motions_and_resolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.3</span> <span>Motions and resolutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motions_and_resolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Parliamentary committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Half-an-Hour_discussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Half-an-Hour_discussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Half-an-Hour discussion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Half-an-Hour_discussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discussion_on_matters_of_urgent_public_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discussion_on_matters_of_urgent_public_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Discussion on matters of urgent public importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discussion_on_matters_of_urgent_public_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate_in_the_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_in_the_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Debate in the House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_in_the_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10.1</span> <span>Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automatic_vote_recording_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic_vote_recording_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Automatic vote recording system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic_vote_recording_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publication_of_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publication_of_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Publication of debates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publication_of_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officers_of_Lok_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers_of_Lok_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Officers of Lok Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers_of_Lok_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lok_Sabha_general_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lok_Sabha_general_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lok Sabha general elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lok_Sabha_general_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statewise_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statewise_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Statewise representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statewise_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_by_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_by_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Membership by party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership_by_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lok Sabha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7" title="لوك سابها – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوك سابها" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="লোকসভা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লোকসভা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="লোকসভা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লোকসভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE" title="लोकसभा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लोकसभा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Лок Сабха – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лок Сабха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C4%9Bmovna_lidu_(Indie)" title="Sněmovna lidu (Indie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sněmovna lidu (Indie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CE%BA_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Λοκ Σάμπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λοκ Σάμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7" title="لوک سبها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوک سبها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE" title="લોક સભા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લોક સભા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC_%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%94" title="로크 사바 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로크 사바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%AF_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B0%D5%A1" title="Լոկ սաբհա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոկ սաբհա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE" title="लोक सभा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोक सभा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%94%D7%94" title="לוק סבהה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוק סבהה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%86" title="ಲೋಕಸಭೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೋಕಸಭೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90" title="ლოკ-საბჰა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლოკ-საბჰა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD" title="ലോക്‌സഭ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോക്‌സഭ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE" title="लोकसभा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लोकसभा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90" title="ლოკ საბჰა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლოკ საბჰა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC" title="လောကသဘာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လောကသဘာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE" title="लोक सभा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लोक सभा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="ローク・サバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローク・サバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲୋକ ସଭା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲୋକ ସଭା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲੋਕ ਸਭਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੋਕ ਸਭਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="لوک سبھا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوک سبھا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7" title="لوک سبها – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوک سبها" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Лок сабха – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лок сабха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE" title="लोकसभा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लोकसभा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Лок сабха – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лок сабха" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE)" title="மக்களவை (இந்தியா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்களவை (இந்தியா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AD" title="లోక్‌సభ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లోక్‌సభ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2" title="โลกสภา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลกสภา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Лок Сабха – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лок Сабха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="لوک سبھا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوک سبھا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lok Sabha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%99%A2%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%89" title="人民院（印度） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人民院（印度）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="人民院 (印度) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人民院 (印度)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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For current list of Lok Sabha members, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Lok Sabha</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th Lok Sabha</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lok_Sabha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lok_Sabha.svg/300px-Lok_Sabha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lok_Sabha.svg/450px-Lok_Sabha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lok_Sabha.svg/600px-Lok_Sabha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> <br />since 17 June 2019 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Vacant <br />since 23 June 2019 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> <br />since 26 May 2014 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of Opposition</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> <br />since 9 June 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Utpal_Kumar_Singh" title="Utpal Kumar Singh">Utpal Kumar Singh</a> <br />since 30 November 2020 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha"><b>543</b></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_Lok_Sabha_(party_wise,_24_Nov_2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/18th_Lok_Sabha_%28party_wise%2C_24_Nov_2024%29.svg/300px-18th_Lok_Sabha_%28party_wise%2C_24_Nov_2024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/18th_Lok_Sabha_%28party_wise%2C_24_Nov_2024%29.svg/450px-18th_Lok_Sabha_%28party_wise%2C_24_Nov_2024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/18th_Lok_Sabha_%28party_wise%2C_24_Nov_2024%29.svg/600px-18th_Lok_Sabha_%28party_wise%2C_24_Nov_2024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Result by Party</span></div><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_Lok_Sabha_(alliance_wise,_24_November_2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/18th_Lok_Sabha_%28alliance_wise%2C_24_November_2024%29.svg/300px-18th_Lok_Sabha_%28alliance_wise%2C_24_November_2024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/18th_Lok_Sabha_%28alliance_wise%2C_24_November_2024%29.svg/450px-18th_Lok_Sabha_%28alliance_wise%2C_24_November_2024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/18th_Lok_Sabha_%28alliance_wise%2C_24_November_2024%29.svg/600px-18th_Lok_Sabha_%28alliance_wise%2C_24_November_2024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Result by Alliance</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a> (293)</b> <dl><dd><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#F98C1F"> </span> <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a> (293)</span> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FF9933"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> (240)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FFED00"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">TDP</a> (16)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#003366"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD(U)</a> (12)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#E37405"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(2022%E2%80%93Present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (2022–Present)">SHS</a> (7)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#5B006A"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">LJP(RV)</a> (5)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#02865A"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">JD(S)</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#e8232a"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Janasena_Party" title="Janasena Party">JSP</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#006400"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">RLD</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#27176D"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Sonelal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apna Dal (Sonelal)">AD(S)</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#99CCFF"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#6827B5"> </span> <a href="/wiki/All_Jharkhand_Students_Union" title="All Jharkhand Students Union">AJSU</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#F5D62A"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha">HAM(S)</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FFC0CB"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party_(post%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)">NCP</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#ED1E26"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">SKM</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FAED09"> </span> <a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="United People's Party Liberal">UPPL</a> (1)</span></li></ul></dd></dl> <p><b>Opposition (249)</b><br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#00B7EB"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a> (238)</span> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#00BFFF"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> (101)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FF2222"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">SP</a> (37)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#04FF21"> </span> <a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">AITC</a> (28)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FF0D0D"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> (22)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:red"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Left Front (India)">LF</a> (9)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#cc0d0d"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a> (4)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#f50222"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">CPI</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#C41301"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_Liberation" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation">CPI(ML)L</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#d84c4c"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)">RSP</a> (1)</span></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FD7D24"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(Uddhav_Balasaheb_Thackeray)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)">SS(UBT)</a> (9)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#0029B0"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party_-_Sharadchandra_Pawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Congress Party - Sharadchandra Pawar">NCP-SP</a> (8)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#056D05"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a> (4)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#0072B0"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">AAP</a> (3)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#006600"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Union_Muslim_League" title="Indian Union Muslim League">IUML</a> (3)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#337316"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">JMM</a> (3)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#fe0000"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">JKNC</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#1E90FF"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Viduthalai_Chiruthaigal_Katchi" title="Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi">VCK</a> (2)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FF0000"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Adivasi_Party" title="Bharat Adivasi Party">BAP</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#0044FF"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)">VPP</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#CC6600"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress" title="Kerala Congress">KEC</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FC0000"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Marumalarchi_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">MDMK</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FFD42A"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Loktantrik_Party" title="Rashtriya Loktantrik Party">RLP</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#003597"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Azad_Samaj_Party_(Kanshi_Ram)" title="Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)">ASP(KR)</a> (1)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#DCDCDC"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">IND</a> (1)</span></li></ul></dd> <dd><b>Others (11)</b> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#1569C7"> </span> <a href="/wiki/YSR_Congress_Party" title="YSR Congress Party">YSRCP</a> (4)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#0F204A"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">SAD</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#0c6b4b"> </span> <a href="/wiki/All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen" title="All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen">AIMIM</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FFF700"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zoram_People%27s_Movement" title="Zoram People's Movement">ZPM</a> (1)</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#DCDCDC"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">IND</a> (4)</span></li></ul></dd> <dd><b>Vacant (1)</b> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#FFFFFF"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacant">Vacant</a> (1)</span></li></ul></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First past the post</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">25 October 1951 – 21 February 1952</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">19 April – 1 June 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Next_Indian_general_election" title="Next Indian general election">On or before May 2029</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/300px-View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/450px-View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/600px-View_of_Lok_Sabha_chamber_in_the_New_Parliament_building%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Lok Sabha Chamber, <a href="/wiki/Sansad_Bhavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sansad Bhavan">Sansad Bhavan</a>,<br />118, Rafi Marg, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, Delhi, India – 110001<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lok_Sabha&params=28_37_3_N_77_12_30_E_type:landmark_region:IN-DL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°37′3″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°12′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.61750°N 77.20833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.61750; 77.20833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sansad.in/ls">sansad<wbr />.in<wbr />/ls</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom: 2px solid #2E8B57">Rules</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.164.100.47.194/loksabha/rules/RULES-2010-P-FINAL_1.pdf">The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha</a> (English)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lok Sabha</b>, also known as the <b>House of the People</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> being the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>. <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Members of the Lok Sabha</a> are elected by an adult <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> and a <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post">first-past-the-post</a> system to represent their respective <a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">constituencies</a>, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">council of ministers</a>. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the <a href="/wiki/New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi">Parliament House</a>, New Delhi. </p><p>The maximum membership of the House allotted by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> is 552<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Initially, in 1950, it was 500.) Currently, the house has 543 seats which are filled by the election of up to 543 elected members. Between 1952 and 2020, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_reserved_seats_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha">two additional members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a> community were also nominated by the President of India on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, which was abolished in January 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/One_Hundred_and_Fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India">104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new parliament has a seating capacity of 888 for Lok Sabha.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 131 seats (24.03%) are reserved for representatives of <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47)</a>. The quorum for the House is 10% of the total membership. The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, while a <a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Emergency in India">proclamation of emergency</a> is in operation, this period may be extended by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> by law or decree.<sup id="cite_ref-Parliament_of_India:_Lok_Sabha_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parliament_of_India:_Lok_Sabha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary <a href="/wiki/Delimitation_Commission_of_India" title="Delimitation Commission of India">Delimitation Commission of India</a> every decade based on the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Indian census</a>, the last of which was conducted in <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India#Amendments" title="Constitution of India">constitutional amendment</a> to incentivize the family planning program which was being implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th Lok Sabha</a> was elected in May 2024 and is the latest to date.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lok Sabha proceedings are televised live on channel <a href="/wiki/Sansad_TV" title="Sansad TV">Sansad TV</a>, headquartered within the premises of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">major portion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> was under <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> from 1858 to 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, the office of the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a> (along with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_India" title="Council of India">Council of India</a>) was the authority through whom <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a> exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Viceroy of India</a> was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1861" title="Indian Councils Act 1861">Indian Councils Act 1861</a> provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1892" title="Indian Councils Act 1892">Indian Councils Act 1892</a> established legislatures in each of the <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">provinces of British India</a> and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power remained limited, and the electorate very small. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Indian Councils Act 1909</a> admitted some <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a> to the various councils. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1919" title="Government of India Act 1919">Government of India Act 1919</a> further expanded the participation of Indians in the administration, creating the <a href="/wiki/Central_Legislative_Assembly" title="Central Legislative Assembly">Central Legislative Assembly</a>, for which <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Parliament House, New Delhi</a>, was built and opened in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a> introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act 1947</a>, passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India (which did not include the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely states</a>) into two newly independent countries, India and Pakistan, which were to be <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a> under <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> until they had each enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a sovereign, democratic republic. This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form, which now included all the princely states which had not <a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">acceded to Pakistan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Article_74_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 74 of the Constitution of India">Article 79</a> (Part V-The Union.)</i> of the Constitution of India, the Parliament of India consists of the President of India and the two Houses of Parliament known as the Council of States (<a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lok Sabha (House of the People) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List">List</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Formation of Lok Sabha over time </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Lok Sabha </th> <th>Commenced Date </th> <th>Prime Minister </th> <th>Deputy Prime Minister </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Lok_Sabha" title="1st Lok Sabha">First</a> </td> <td>13 May 1952 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><i>Vacant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="2nd Lok Sabha">Second</a> </td> <td>April 1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Lok_Sabha" title="3rd Lok Sabha">Third</a> </td> <td>April 1962 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Lok_Sabha" title="4th Lok Sabha">Fourth</a> </td> <td>March 1967 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Moraji Desai</a> (till 1969) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Lok_Sabha" title="5th Lok Sabha">Fifth</a> </td> <td>March 1971 </td> <td><i>Vacant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_Lok_Sabha" title="6th Lok Sabha">Sixth</a> </td> <td>March 1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Lok_Sabha" title="7th Lok Sabha">Seventh</a> </td> <td>January 1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>Vacant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">Eighth</a> </td> <td>December 1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">Ninth</a> </td> <td>December 1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devi_Lal" title="Devi Lal">Devi Lal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">Tenth</a> </td> <td>June 1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><i>Vacant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">Eleventh</a> </td> <td>May 1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> and <a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">Twelfth</a> </td> <td>March 1998 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">Thirteenth</a> </td> <td>October 1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">Fourteenth</a> </td> <td>May 2004 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><i>Vacant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">Fifteenth</a> </td> <td>May 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">Sixteenth</a> </td> <td>May 2014 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">Seventeenth</a> </td> <td>May 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">Eighteenth</a> </td> <td>June 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></div> <p><i>Article 84</i> (under Part V. – The Union)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Indian Constitution sets qualifications for being a member of Lok Sabha, which are as follows: </p> <ol><li>They should be a citizen of India, and must subscribe before the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a>, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Schedule" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Schedule">Third Schedule</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Constitution">Indian Constitution</a>.</li> <li>They should not be less than 25 years of age.</li> <li>They possess other such qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>.</li> <li>They should not be proclaimed criminal i.e. they should not be a convict, a confirmed debtor or otherwise disqualified by law; and</li> <li>They should have their name in the electoral rolls in any part of the country.</li></ol> <p>However, a member can be disqualified from being a member of Parliament: </p> <ol><li>If they hold the office of profit;</li> <li>If they are of unsound mind and stand so declared by a competent court</li> <li>If they are an undischarged insolvent;</li> <li>If they are not a citizen of India, or have voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State, or are under any acknowledgement of allegiance or adherence to a foreign State;</li> <li>If they are violating party discipline (as per the Tenth Schedule of the constitution); disqualified under <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Representation of the People Act (India)">Representation of People Act</a>.</li></ol> <p>A seat in the Lok Sabha will become vacant in the following circumstances (during the normal functioning of the House): </p> <ol><li>When the holder of the seat, by writing to the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">speaker</a>, resigns.</li> <li>When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the House, without prior permission of the Speaker.</li> <li>When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament.</li> <li>A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the 'Anti-Defection Law'.</li></ol> <p>Furthermore, as per <i>article 101</i> (Part V.—The Union)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Indian Constitution, a person cannot be: </p> <ol><li>A member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation by a person who is chosen a member of both Houses of his seat in one House or the other.</li> <li>A member both of Parliament and of a House of the Legislature of a State.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_of_elections_in_Lok_Sabha">System of elections in Lok Sabha</h3></div> <p>Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India, based on <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. Elections are by the people directly to the Lok Sabha and each state is divided into territorial constituencies under two provisions of the Constitution: </p> <ol><li>Each state is allotted several seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that number and its population was as close to uniform as possible. This provision does not apply to states having a population of less than 6 million. The number of seats per state has been frozen under the constitutional amendment of 1976.</li> <li>Each state is divided into territorial constituencies in such a manner that the ratio between the population of each <a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">constituency</a> and the number of seats allotted to it (in each case, one) remain the same throughout the state. This principle is upheld by the boundary reviews mentioned above.</li></ol> <p>Notes: </p> <ol><li>The expression "population" while distributing seats among states refers to the population ascertained at the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">census</a> of 1971, per the Constitutional Amendment of 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-indiagov_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiagov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The expression "population" while distributing constituencies within a state refers to the population ascertained at the census of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-indiagov_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiagov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lok_Sabha" title="Special:EditPage/Lok Sabha">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">Motions of no confidence</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government</a> can be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of India">Council of Ministers</a> resign collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion and hence has no real power over the executive. This is because the Constitution of India has only made the Union Council of ministers responsible to the Lok Sabha, not to the Rajya Sabha.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_bill" title="Money bill">Money bills</a> can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are sent to the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days. If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">budget</a> is presented in the Lok Sabha by the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance Minister</a> in the name of the President of India.</li> <li>In matters about non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it is sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses, presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">simple majority</a>. Though the Constitution has placed both houses on the same footing in this regard, in reality, it is the Lok Sabha's opinions that mostly prevail—due to its bigger numerical strength.</li> <li>Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India#Amendments" title="Constitution of India">Bill for Constitutional Amendment</a> (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).</li> <li>Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India#Impeachment" title="President of India">impeachment of the President</a> (by two-thirds of the membership of the House).</li> <li>Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in the impeachment process (initiating and passing a motion for the removal) of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting), who then can be removed by the President of India.</li> <li>Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state.</li> <li>If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National Emergency in India">National Emergency</a>, the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament. It cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha. But there is a possibility that the president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six-month if the said proclamation ceases to operate.</li></ul> <p>In conclusion, the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters. Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing, the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength. This is typical of parliamentary democracies, many of which have a lower house that is more powerful than the upper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedure">Procedure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lok_Sabha" title="Special:EditPage/Lok Sabha">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procedure_in_the_House">Procedure in the House</h3></div> <p>The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha and Directions issued by the Speaker from time to time there under regulate the procedure in Lok Sabha. The items of business, a notice of which is received from the Ministers/ Private Members and admitted by the Speaker, are included in the daily List of Business which is printed and circulated to members in advance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sessions">Sessions</h3></div> <p>The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. But, three sessions of Lok Sabha are held in a year: </p> <ul><li>Budget session: February to May.</li> <li>Monsoon session: July to September.</li> <li>Winter session: November to mid-December.</li></ul> <p>When in session, Lok Sabha holds its sittings usually from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. On some days the sittings are continuously held without observing lunch break and are also extended beyond 6 p.m. depending upon the business before the House. Lok Sabha does not ordinarily sit on Saturdays and Sundays and other closed holidays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Question_Hour">Question Hour</h3></div> <p>The first hour of every sitting is called <a href="/wiki/Question_Hour" title="Question Hour">Question Hour</a>. Asking questions in Parliament is the free and unfettered right of members, and during Question Hour they may ask questions of ministers on different aspects of administration and government policy in the national and international spheres. Every minister whose turn it is to answer questions has to stand up and answer for his department's acts of omission or commission. </p><p>Questions are of three types—Starred, Unstarred, and Short Notice. A Starred Question is one to which a member desires an oral answer in the House and which is distinguished by an asterisk mark. An unstarred question is not called for oral answer in the house and on which no supplementary questions can consequently be asked. An answer to such a question is given in writing. A minimum period of notice for starred/unstarred questions is 10 clear days. If the questions given notice are admitted by the Speaker, they are listed and printed for an answer on the dates allotted to the Ministries to which the subject matter of the question pertains. </p><p>The normal period of notice does not apply to short-notice questions that relate to matters of urgent public importance. However, a short-notice question may be answered only on short notice if so permitted by the Speaker and the Minister concerned is prepared to answer it at shorter notice. A short-notice question is taken up for answer immediately after the Question Hour, popularly known as Zero Hour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zero_Hour">Zero Hour</h3></div> <p>The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as "Zero Hour". It starts at around noon (hence the name) and members can, with prior notice to the Speaker, raise issues of importance during this time. Typically, discussions on important Bills, the Budget, and other issues of national importance take place from 2 p.m. onwards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_after_Question_Hour">Business after Question Hour</h3></div> <p>After the Question Hour, the House takes up miscellaneous items of work before proceeding to the main business of the day. These may consist of one or more of the following: Adjournment Motions, Questions involving breaches of Privileges, Papers to be laid on the Table, Communication of any messages from Rajya Sabha, Intimations regarding President's assent to Bills, Calling Attention Notices, Matters under Rule 377, Presentation of Reports of Parliamentary Committee, Presentation of Petitions, miscellaneous statements by Ministers, Motions regarding elections to Committees, Bills to be withdrawn or introduced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_business">Main business</h3></div> <p>The main business of the day may be consideration of a bill or financial business or consideration of a resolution or a motion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative_business">Legislative business</h4></div> <p>Legislative proposals in the form of a bill can be brought forward either by a minister or by an individual member. In the former case, it is known as a government bill and in the latter case, it is known as a private members' bill. Every bill passes through three stages—each called readings—before it is passed. To become law it must be passed by both the houses of Parliament, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and then assented to by the president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_business">Financial business</h4></div> <p>The presentation, discussion of, and voting on the annual general and railways budgets—followed by the passing of the appropriations Bill and the finance bill—is a long, drawn-out process that takes up a major part of the time of the House during its budget session every year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motions_and_resolutions">Motions and resolutions</h4></div> <p>Among other kinds of business that come up before the House are resolutions and motions. Resolutions and motions may be brought forward by the government or by individual members. The government may move a resolution or a motion for obtaining the sanction to a scheme or opinion of the house on an important matter of policy or a grave situation. Similarly, an individual member may move a resolution or motion to draw the attention of the house and the government to a particular problem. The last two and half hours of sitting every Friday are generally allotted for the transaction of individual members' business. While private members' bills are taken up on one Friday, private members' resolutions are taken up on the succeeding Friday, and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_committees">Parliamentary committees</h3></div> <p>Most of the business of drafting a bill or amendments is initially discussed and debated in the parliamentary committees. Since the time for legislation is limited, the work of all departments of the government and any special focus tasks are delegated to the committees, wherein the committees shall prepare the initial draft of the bill/amendment for consideration by both the houses. They consist of members of both houses. </p><p>There are primarily two kinds of parliamentary committees based on their nature:- </p> <ul><li>Parliament Standing Committees (PSC) – Permanent in nature, reconstituted from time to time with every new election. <ul><li>Department based</li> <li>Others</li></ul></li> <li>Ad hoc committees – Created for a specific purpose and ceases to exist when that purpose is achieved.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Half-an-Hour_discussion">Half-an-Hour discussion</h3></div> <p>A half-an-hour discussion can be raised on a matter of sufficient public importance which has been the subject of a recent question in Lok Sabha irrespective of the fact whether the question was answered orally or the answer was laid on the Table of the House and the answer which needs elucidation on a matter of fact. Normally not more than half an hour is allowed for such a discussion. Usually, the half-an-hour discussion is listed on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays only. In one session, a member is allowed to raise not more than two half-hour discussions. During the discussion, the member, who has given notice, makes a short statement, and not more than four members, who have intimated earlier and have secured one of the four places on the ballot, are permitted to ask a question each for further elucidating any matter of fact. Thereafter, the minister makes replies. There is no formal motion before the house nor voting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discussion_on_matters_of_urgent_public_importance">Discussion on matters of urgent public importance</h3></div> <p>Members may raise discussions on matters of urgent public importance with the permission of the Speaker. Such discussions may take place two days a week. No formal motion is moved in the House nor is there any voting on such a discussion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debate_in_the_House">Debate in the House</h3></div> <p>After the member who initiates discussion on an item of business has spoken, other members can speak on that item of business in such order as the Speaker may call upon them. Only one member can speak at a time and all speeches are directed to the chair. A matter requiring the decision of the House is decided to employ a question put by the Speaker on a motion made by a member. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Division">Division</h4></div> <p>A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained. Normally, when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying "Aye" or "No" from their seats. The chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House. If a member challenges the decision, the chair orders that the lobbies be cleared. Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes. Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides. After the bell stops, all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over. Then the chair puts the question for a second time and declares whether in its opinion the "Ayes" or the "Noes", have it. If the opinion so declared is again challenged, the chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automatic_vote_recording_system">Automatic vote recording system</h3></div> <p>With the announcement of the Speaker for recording the votes, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a> of the Lok Sabha presses the button of a keyboard. Then a gong sounds, serving as a signal to members for casting their votes. To vote, each member present in the chamber has to flip a switch and then operate one of the three pushbuttons fixed in their seat. The push switch must be kept pressed simultaneously until the gong sounds for the second time after 10 seconds. There are two indicator boards installed in the wall on either side of the Speaker's chair in the chamber. Each vote cast by a member is flashed here. Immediately after the votes are cast, they are totalled mechanically and the details of the results are flashed on the result indicator boards installed in the railings of the Speakers and diplomatic galleries. </p><p>Divisions are normally held with the aid of automatic vote recording equipment. Where so directed by the Speaker in terms of the relevant provision in the Rules of Procedure etc. In the Lok Sabha, divisions may be held either by the distribution of 'Aye'/'No' and 'Abstention' slips to members in the House or by the members recording their votes by going into the lobbies. There is an indicator board in the machine room showing the name of each member. The result of the division and vote cast by each member with the aid of automatic vote recording equipment also appear on this board and immediately a photograph of the indicator board is taken. Later the photograph is enlarged and the names of members who voted 'Ayes' and for 'Noes' are determined with the help of the photograph and incorporated in Lok Sabha debates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publication_of_debates">Publication of debates</h3></div> <p>Three versions of Lok Sabha debates are prepared: the Hindi version, the English version, and the original version. Only the Hindi and English versions are printed. The original version, in cyclostyled form, is kept in the Parliament Library for record and reference. The Hindi version contains proceedings (all questions asked and answers are given thereto and speeches made) in Hindi and verbatim Hindi translation of proceedings in English or regional languages. The English version contains proceedings in English and the English translation of the proceedings take place in Hindi or any regional language. The original version, however, contains proceedings in Hindi or English as they actually took place in the House and also the English/Hindi translation of speeches made in regional languages. </p><p>If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses, a <a href="/wiki/Joint_session" title="Joint session">joint sitting</a> is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Officers_of_Lok_Sabha">Officers of Lok Sabha</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lok_Sabha" title="Special:EditPage/Lok Sabha">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lok+Sabha%22">"Lok Sabha"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lok+Sabha%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lok+Sabha%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lok+Sabha%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lok+Sabha%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lok+Sabha%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Speaker and Deputy Speaker</dt></dl> <p>As per <i>Article 93</i> of the Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of Lok Sabha">Speaker</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a>. In the Lok Sabha, both presiding officers — the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker — are elected from among its members by a simple majority of members present and voting in the House. No specific qualifications are prescribed for being elected Speaker; the Constitution only requires that Speaker should be a member of the House. But an understanding of the Constitution and the laws of the country and the rules of procedure and conventions of Parliament is considered a major asset for the holder of the office of the Speaker. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker are mentioned under Article 94 of the Constitution of India. As per <i>Article 94</i> of the Indian Constitution, a Speaker or a Deputy Speaker should vacate their office, a) if they cease to be a member of the House of the People, b) they resign, or c) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority. </p><p>The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer. The Speaker conducts the business in the House. They decide whether a bill is a money bill or not. They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. They permit the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, <a href="/wiki/Adjournment_debate" title="Adjournment debate">motion of adjournment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_censure" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion of censure">motion of censure</a> and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure. Following the 52nd Constitution amendment, the Speaker is vested with the power relating to the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on grounds of defection. The Speaker makes obituary references in the House, formal references to important national and international events, and the valedictory address after every Session of the Lok Sabha and also when the term of the House expires. Though a member of the House, the Speaker does not vote in the House except on those rare occasions when there is a tie at the end of a decision. To date, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has not been called upon to exercise this unique casting vote. While the office of Speaker is vacant due to absence/resignation/removal, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the House of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose. The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shri <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Vasudev_Mavalankar" title="Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar">G. V. Mavalankar</a> was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952 – 27 February 1956) and Shri <a href="/wiki/M._A._Ayyangar" title="M. A. Ayyangar">M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar</a> was the first Deputy Speaker (30 May 1952 – 7 March 1956). In the 17th Lok Sabha, <a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a> is the current Speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Secretariat</dt></dl> <p>The Secretariat of Lok Sabha was set up according to the provisions contained in Article 98 of the Constitution. The said Article, which provides for a separate secretarial staff for each House of Parliament, reads as follows:- 98. Secretariat of Parliament – Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts common to both Houses of Parliament. (2) Parliament may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of either House of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lok Sabha Secretariat functions under the overall guidance and control of the Speaker. The main activities of the Secretariat <i><a href="/wiki/Inter_alia" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter alia">inter alia</a></i> include the following: </p><p>(i) providing secretarial assistance and support to the effective functioning of the House of the People (Lok Sabha) possible to Members of Lok Sabha; (ii) providing amenities as admissible to Members of Lok Sabha; (iii) servicing the various Parliamentary Committees; (iv) preparing research and reference material and bringing out various publications; (v) recruitment of manpower in the Lok Sabha Secretariat and attending to personnel matters; & (vi) preparing and publishing a record of the day-to-day proceedings of the Lok Sabha and bringing out such other publications, as may be required concerning the functioning of the Lok Sabha and its Committees, among other things. </p><p>In the discharge of his constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha is assisted by the Secretary-General, who holds the rank equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. The Secretary-General, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of Secretary, Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary and other officers and staff of the Secretariat.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since November 2020, the Secretary-General of Lok Sabha is Utpal Kumar Singh, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lok_Sabha_general_elections">Lok Sabha general elections</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">List of Indian general elections</a></div> <p>Each Lok Sabha is constituted after a <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">general election</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lok Sabha</th> <th>General Election </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Lok_Sabha" title="1st Lok Sabha">1st Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">1951–52 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="2nd Lok Sabha">2nd Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1957_Indian_general_election" title="1957 Indian general election">1957 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Lok_Sabha" title="3rd Lok Sabha">3rd Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_general_election" title="1962 Indian general election">1962 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Lok_Sabha" title="4th Lok Sabha">4th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">1967 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Lok_Sabha" title="5th Lok Sabha">5th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">1971 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_Lok_Sabha" title="6th Lok Sabha">6th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Lok_Sabha" title="7th Lok Sabha">7th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">8th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">15th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th Lok Sabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 Indian general election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 Indian general election</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statewise_representation">Statewise representation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha</a></div> <p>As of 26 January 2020, the Lok Sabha is composed of 543 members <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made up of up to 524 members representing the people of <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">28 states</a> and 19 members representing people of <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">8 Union territories</a> based on their population. While maximum seats can now go up to 550 even though maximum size of the Lok Sabha as outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, at its commencement, was 552 members because after The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019, Article 334 (b) of the Constitution of India was maintained at seventy years. See the table below for details: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>State/ UT* </th> <th>Seats<sup id="cite_ref-composition_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-composition-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Andhra_Pradesh#General_elections_(to_the_Lok_Sabha)" title="Elections in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arunachal_Pradesh#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Assam#Lok_Sabha_Elections" title="Elections in Assam">Assam</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bihar#Lok_Sabha_Elections" title="Elections in Bihar">Bihar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Chhattisgarh#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Delhi#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Delhi">Delhi</a> (NCT)*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Goa#Lok_Sabha_Elections" title="Elections in Goa">Goa</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gujarat#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Haryana#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Haryana">Haryana</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Himachal_Pradesh#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jharkhand#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Karnataka#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kerala#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Madhya_Pradesh#Lok_Sabha_Elections" title="Elections in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maharashtra#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Manipur#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Manipur">Manipur</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Meghalaya#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mizoram#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nagaland#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Odisha#Lok_Sabha_Elections" title="Elections in Odisha">Odisha</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Puducherry#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Puducherry">Puducherry</a>*</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Punjab,_India#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Punjab, India">Punjab</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Rajasthan#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sikkim#Loksabha_Election" title="Elections in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tamil_Nadu#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Telangana#LokSabha_elections" title="Elections in Telangana">Telangana</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tripura#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Tripura">Tripura</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uttarakhand#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uttar_Pradesh#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_West_Bengal#Lok_Sabha_elections" title="Elections in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>543</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_by_party">Membership by party</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha</a></div> <p>No. of Lok Sabha MP's party-wise: </p> <dl><dd><i>As of 23 November 2024</i></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Alliance </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>No. of MPs </th> <th>Leader of the Party </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15" bgcolor="#F98C1F"> </td> <td rowspan="15"><b>Government</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a></b><br />Seats: <b>293</b> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF9933;" data-sort-value="Bharatiya Janata Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> </td> <td>240 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFED00;" data-sort-value="Telugu Desam Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">TDP</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lavu_Sri_Krishna_Devarayalu" title="Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu">Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #003366;" data-sort-value="Janata Dal (United)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD(U)</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dileshwar_Kamait" title="Dileshwar Kamait">Dileshwar Kamait</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E37405;" data-sort-value="Shiv Sena (2022–Present)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(2022%E2%80%93Present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (2022–Present)">SHS</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shrikant_Shinde" title="Shrikant Shinde">Shrikant Shinde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #5B006A;" data-sort-value="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">LJP(RV)</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chirag_Paswan" title="Chirag Paswan">Chirag Paswan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #02865A;" data-sort-value="Janata Dal (Secular)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">JD(S)</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H._D._Kumaraswamy" title="H. D. Kumaraswamy">H. D. Kumaraswamy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #e8232a;" data-sort-value="Janasena Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Janasena_Party" title="Janasena Party">JSP</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vallabhaneni_Balashowry" title="Vallabhaneni Balashowry">Vallabhaneni Balashowry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #006400;" data-sort-value="Rashtriya Lok Dal"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">RLD</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/To_be_decided" class="mw-redirect" title="To be decided">TBD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #27176D;" data-sort-value="Apna Dal (Sonelal)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Apna_Dal_(Sonelal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apna Dal (Sonelal)">AD(S)</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #99CCFF;" data-sort-value="Asom Gana Parishad"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phani_Bhusan_Choudhury" title="Phani Bhusan Choudhury">Phani Bhusan Choudhury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6827B5;" data-sort-value="All Jharkhand Students Union"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/All_Jharkhand_Students_Union" title="All Jharkhand Students Union">AJSU</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Prakash_Choudhary" title="Chandra Prakash Choudhary">Chandra Prakash Choudhary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F5D62A;" data-sort-value="Hindustani Awam Morcha"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha">HAM(S)</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00B2B2;" data-sort-value="Nationalist Congress Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Tatkare" title="Sunil Tatkare">Sunil Tatkare</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #ED1E26;" data-sort-value="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">SKM</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indra_Hang_Subba" title="Indra Hang Subba">Indra Hang Subba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FAED09;" data-sort-value="United People's Party Liberal"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="United People's Party Liberal">UPPL</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joyanta_Basumatary" title="Joyanta Basumatary">Joyanta Basumatary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;" rowspan="21"> </td> <td rowspan="21"><b><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></b><br />Seats: <b>237</b> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00BFFF;" data-sort-value="Indian National Congress"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> </td> <td>101 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF2222;" data-sort-value="Samajwadi Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">SP</a> </td> <td>37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akhilesh_Yadav" title="Akhilesh Yadav">Akhilesh Yadav</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #04FF21;" data-sort-value="All India Trinamool Congress"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">AITC</a> </td> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudip_Bandyopadhyay" title="Sudip Bandyopadhyay">Sudip Bandyopadhyay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF0D0D;" data-sort-value="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T._R._Baalu" title="T. R. Baalu">T. R. Baalu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FD7D24;" data-sort-value="Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(Uddhav_Balasaheb_Thackeray)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)">SS(UBT)</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Sawant" title="Arvind Sawant">Arvind Sawant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0029B0;" data-sort-value="Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party_(Sharadchandra_Pawar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)">NCP-SP</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supriya_Sule" title="Supriya Sule">Supriya Sule</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #cc0d0d;" data-sort-value="Communist Party of India (Marxist)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K_Radhakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="K Radhakrishnan">K Radhakrishnan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #056D05;" data-sort-value="Rashtriya Janata Dal"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abhay_Kumar_Sinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhay Kumar Sinha">Abhay Kumar Sinha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0072B0;" data-sort-value="Aam Aadmi Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">AAP</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmeet_Singh_Meet_Hayer" title="Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer">Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #006600;" data-sort-value="Indian Union Muslim League"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Union_Muslim_League" title="Indian Union Muslim League">IUML</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._T._Mohammed_Basheer" title="E. T. Mohammed Basheer">E. T. Mohammed Basheer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #337316;" data-sort-value="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">JMM</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joba_Majhi" title="Joba Majhi">Joba Majhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #f50222;" data-sort-value="Communist Party of India"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">CPI</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K._Subbarayan" title="K. Subbarayan">K. Subbarayan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #C41301;" data-sort-value="Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)_Liberation" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation">CPI(ML)L</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ram_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Ram Singh">Raja Ram Singh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #fe0000;" data-sort-value="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">JKNC</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mian_Altaf_Ahmed_Larvi" title="Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi">Mian Altaf Ahmed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #1E90FF;" data-sort-value="Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Viduthalai_Chiruthaigal_Katchi" title="Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi">VCK</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thol._Thirumavalavan" title="Thol. Thirumavalavan">Thol. Thirumavalavan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CC6600;" data-sort-value="Kerala Congress"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress" title="Kerala Congress">KEC</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_George" title="Francis George">Francis George</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FC0000;" data-sort-value="Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Marumalarchi_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">MDMK</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durai_Vaiko" title="Durai Vaiko">Durai Vaiko</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFD42A;" data-sort-value="Rashtriya Loktantrik Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Loktantrik_Party" title="Rashtriya Loktantrik Party">RLP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Beniwal" title="Hanuman Beniwal">Hanuman Beniwal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #d84c4c;" data-sort-value="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)">RSP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N._K._Premachandran" title="N. K. Premachandran">N. K. Premachandran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0044FF;" data-sort-value="Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_Party_(Meghalaya)" title="Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)">VPP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ricky_AJ_Syngkon" title="Ricky AJ Syngkon">Ricky AJ Syngkon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohmad_Haneefa" title="Mohmad Haneefa">Mohmad Haneefa</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DDDDBB; color:inherit; width:0.3em;" rowspan="6"> </td> <td rowspan="6"><b>Unalligned</b><br />Seats: <b>12</b> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #1569C7;" data-sort-value="YSR Congress Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/YSR_Congress_Party" title="YSR Congress Party">YSRCP</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P._V._Midhun_Reddy" title="P. V. Midhun Reddy">P. V. Midhun Reddy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0c6b4b;" data-sort-value="All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen" title="All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen">AIMIM</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asaduddin_Owaisi" title="Asaduddin Owaisi">Asaduddin Owaisi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #003597;" data-sort-value="Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Samaj_Party_(Kanshi_Ram)" title="Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)">ASP(KR)</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Azad_(politician)" title="Chandrashekhar Azad (politician)">Chandrashekhar Azad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0F204A;" data-sort-value="Shiromani Akali Dal"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">SAD</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harsimrat_Kaur_Badal" title="Harsimrat Kaur Badal">Harsimrat Kaur Badal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFF700;" data-sort-value="Zoram People's Movement"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Zoram_People%27s_Movement" title="Zoram People's Movement">ZPM</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vanlalhmangaiha" title="Richard Vanlalhmangaiha">Richard Vanlalhmangaiha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amritpal_Singh" title="Amritpal Singh">Amritpal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarabjeet_Singh_Khalsa" title="Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa">Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdul_Rashid" title="Sheikh Abdul Rashid">Sheikh Abdul Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeshbhai_Patel" title="Umeshbhai Patel">Umeshbhai Patel</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Vacant </td> <td colspan="2">1 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basirhat_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency">Basirhat</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <th>543 </th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Sen, Ronojoy (2022). <i>House of the People: Parliament and the Making of Indian Democracy</i>. Cambridge University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maktoobmedia.com/india/ready-to-support-india-alliance-chandrashekar-azads-aid-after-historic-lead-in-uttar-pradeshs-nagina/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ready to support INDIA Alliance," Chandrashekar Azad's aid after historic lead in Uttar Pradesh's Nagina"</a>. <i>Maktoob media</i>. 4 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livelaw.in&rft.atitle=Anglo+Indian+Representation+To+Lok+Sabha%2C+State+Assemblies+Done+Away%3B+SC-ST+Reservation+Extended+For+10+Years%3A+Constitution+%28104th+Amendment%29+Act+To+Come+Into+Force+On+25th+Jan&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livelaw.in%2Fnews-updates%2Fconstitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/consti.104amend.pdf">"The Constitution (One hundred and fourth amendment) Act, 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Gazette of India Extraordinary</i>. 21 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette+of+India+Extraordinary&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+%28One+hundred+and+fourth+amendment%29+Act%2C+2019&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fnpi%2Ffiles%2Fconsti.104amend.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShankarRodrigues2011" class="citation book cs1">Shankar, B.L.; Rodrigues, Valerian (13 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198067726.003.0008"><i>The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Government+of+India+Act+of+1935+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+definition+of+Government+of+India+Act+of+1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Finternational%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fgovernment-india-act-1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf">Part V—The Union. Article 79. p. 38</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf">Archived</a> 24 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/india-first-general-election-nehru-9265134/">"How India pulled off its first general election"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 12 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=How+India+pulled+off+its+first+general+election&rft.date=2024-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fexplained-history%2Findia-first-general-election-nehru-9265134%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf">Part V—The Union. Article 81. p. 41</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf">Archived</a> 24 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf">Part V—The Union. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Set-up+of+the+Secretariat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floksabhaph.nic.in%2FSecretariat%2FFunctioning.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2020" class="citation news cs1">PTI (30 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-2332131">"Senior IAS Officer Utpal Kumar Singh Appointed Lok Sabha Secretary General"</a>. <i>NDTV</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127060646/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-2332131">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Senior+IAS+Officer+Utpal+Kumar+Singh+Appointed+Lok+Sabha+Secretary+General&rft.date=2020-11-30&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fsenior-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-2332131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/StatewiseList.aspx">"Members : Lok Sabha"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113143601/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/StatewiseList.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+%3A+Lok+Sabha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.47.194%2FLoksabha%2FMembers%2FStatewiseList.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-composition-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-composition_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm">"Lok Sabha Introduction"</a>. National Informatics Centre, Government of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201063345/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lok+Sabha+Introduction&rft.pub=National+Informatics+Centre%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparliamentofindia.nic.in%2Fls%2Fintro%2Fintrols.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALok+Sabha" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lok_Sabha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lok_Sabha" title="Template:Lok Sabha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lok_Sabha" title="Template talk:Lok Sabha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lok_Sabha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lok Sabha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lok_Sabha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lok Sabha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Presiding Officers and <br /> Parliamentary Functionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></li> <li>Pro tem Speaker</li> <li>Panel of Speakers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li>Chairmen of Parliamentary Committees</li> <li>Whips</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha_Secretariat" title="Lok Sabha Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_TV" title="Sansad TV">Sansad TV</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/96px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/128px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Former Constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_reserved_seats_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha">Nominated Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">Current Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">Current Members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members by the Lok Sabhas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Lok_Sabha" title="1st Lok Sabha">1st LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_1st_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 1st Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="2nd Lok Sabha">2nd LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 2nd Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Lok_Sabha" title="3rd Lok Sabha">3rd LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_3rd_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 3rd Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Lok_Sabha" title="4th Lok Sabha">4th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_4th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 4th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Lok_Sabha" title="5th Lok Sabha">5th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_5th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 5th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Lok_Sabha" title="6th Lok Sabha">6th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_6th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 6th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Lok_Sabha" title="7th Lok Sabha">7th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_7th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 7th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">8th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_8th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 8th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_9th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_10th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 10th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_11th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 11th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_12th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 12th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_13th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 13th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_14th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 14th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">15th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_15th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_16th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th LS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">Members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">1951–52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Indian_general_election" title="1957 Indian general election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_general_election" title="1962 Indian general election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Parliament_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliament_of_India" title="Template:Parliament of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliament_of_India" title="Template talk:Parliament of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Parliament_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">List</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/44px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/66px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/88px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha_Secretariat" title="Lok Sabha Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Former Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">MPLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_reserved_seats_in_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha">Nominated Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">Current Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha">Current Members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairperson</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">List</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Chairperson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">MPRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_(Alphabetical)" title="List of Rajya Sabha members (Alphabetical)"><i>List</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominated_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha">Nominated Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Current Members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_parliamentary_committees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian parliamentary committees">Parliamentary committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(India)" title="Standing committee (India)">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estimates_Committee" title="Estimates Committee">Estimates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Finance" title="Standing Committee on Finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Accounts_Committee_(India)" title="Public Accounts Committee (India)">Public Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Undertakings" title="Committee on Public Undertakings">Public Undertakings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">Ad hoc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mehta_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashok Mehta Committee">A. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwant_Rai_Mehta_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Balwant Rai Mehta Committee">B. R. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_parliamentary_committee" title="Joint parliamentary committee">JPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_Review_Committee" title="Kargil Review Committee">Kargil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimham_Committee" title="Narasimham Committee">Narasimham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachar_Committee" title="Sachar Committee">Sachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikrishna_Committee" title="Srikrishna Committee">Srikrishna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lawmaking_procedure_in_India" title="Lawmaking procedure in India">Legislative procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">Resolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_parliamentary_resolution_on_China" title="1962 Indian parliamentary resolution on China">1962 Parliamentary resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_parliament" title="Act of parliament">Act of parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_India" title="List of acts of the Parliament of India"><i>List</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Amendment of the Constitution of India">Amendment of Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India"><i>List</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">Bill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_bill" title="Appropriation bill">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_bill" title="Money bill">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(India)" title="Ordinance (India)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill" title="Private member's bill">Private Member</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Budget</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_India" title="Military budget of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_budget_of_India" title="Railway budget of India">Railway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Confidence and supply</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">Motion of no confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_supply" title="Loss of supply">Loss of supply</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">Cross-voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly" title="Division of the assembly">Division of the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">Dissolution of parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Party" title="Legislative Party">Legislative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">Minority government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_Hour" title="Question Hour">Question Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_session" title="Legislative session">Session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Joint session of the Parliament of India">Joint Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_session_of_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Special session of the Parliament of India">Special Session</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Simple majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">Special majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_emergency_in_India" title="States of emergency in India">States of emergency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency of 1975–77</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_vote" title="Voice vote">Voice Vote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Indian_Parliament_attack" title="2001 Indian Parliament attack">2001 Parliament attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union" title="Inter-Parliamentary Union">Inter-Parliamentary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delimitation_Commission_of_India" title="Delimitation Commission of India">Delimitation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament_Local_Area_Development_Scheme" title="Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme">MPLADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">Member of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Parliamentarian_Award" title="Outstanding Parliamentarian Award">Outstanding Parliamentarian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliamentary_Group" title="Indian Parliamentary Group">Parliamentary Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Museum" title="Parliament Museum">Parliament Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Security_Services" title="Parliament Security Services">Parliament Security Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_Adarsh_Gram_Yojana" title="Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana">Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana</a></li> <li>Parliament House/Sansad Bhavan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Parliament House, New Delhi">Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Old Parliament House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_Marg" title="Sansad Marg">Sansad Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansad_TV" title="Sansad TV">Sansad TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="United Nations Parliamentary Assembly">United Nations Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Youth_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="The Youth Parliament">Youth Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Parliament_Program" title="Youth Parliament Program">Youth Parliament Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Government_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_of_India" title="Template:Government of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_of_India" title="Template talk:Government of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Government_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_List" title="Union List">Union List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_List" title="State List">State List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_List" title="Concurrent List">Concurrent List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State Emblem of India"><img alt="State Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/100px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/150px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/200px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_India" title="List of presidents of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_India" title="List of vice presidents of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Services" title="All India Services">All India Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Civil_Services" title="Central Civil Services">Central Civil Services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Secretary_(India)" title="Finance Secretary (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary_(India)" title="Home Secretary (India)">Home</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">Lieutenant governors and administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief ministers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_secretary_(India)" title="Principal secretary (India)">Principal secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_general_(India)" title="Advocate general (India)">Advocate generals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">State legislature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speakers and Chairpersons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">Leaders of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judiciary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_justices_of_India" title="List of chief justices of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Sitting judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Sitting judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Legislatures_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legislatures_of_India" title="Template:Legislatures of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legislatures_of_India" title="Template talk:Legislatures of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Legislatures_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislatures</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lok Sabha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State Legislative Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Council" title="Karnataka Legislative Council">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Council" title="Telangana Legislative Council">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council">Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Council" title="Assam Legislative Council">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Legislative_Council" title="Bombay Legislative Council">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Council" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Council">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Council" title="Punjab Legislative Council">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Council" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Council">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Council" title="West Bengal Legislative Council">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State Legislative Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Haryana Legislative Assembly">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jharkhand Legislative Assembly">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly" title="Puducherry Legislative Assembly">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly" title="Rajasthan Legislative Assembly">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Telangana Legislative Assembly">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Legislative_Assembly" title="Ajmer Legislative Assembly">Ajmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Andhra_State_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election">Andhra State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bhopal Legislative Assembly">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bombay Legislative Assembly">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorg_Legislative_Assembly" title="Coorg Legislative Assembly">Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad Legislative Assembly">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Bharat_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly">Madhya Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_and_East_Punjab_States_Union_Legislative_Assembly" title="Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly">Patiala and East Punjab States Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Vindhya Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_India" title="Council of India">Council of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(India)" title="Council of State (India)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Legislative_Assembly" title="Central Legislative Assembly">Central Legislative Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_British_India" title="Legislatures of British India">Provincial Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_assemblies_of_Indian_parliament_and_state_legislature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_assemblies" title="Template:Current Indian assemblies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_Indian_assemblies" title="Template talk:Current Indian assemblies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_Indian_assemblies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current Indian assemblies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_assemblies_of_Indian_parliament_and_state_legislature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">assemblies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Indian parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">state legislature</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lok Sabha</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">Eighteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Andhra Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Andhra_Pradesh_Assembly" title="16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly">Sixteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/11th_Arunachal_Pradesh_Assembly" title="11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly">Eleventh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Assam_Assembly" title="15th Assam Assembly">Fifteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/17th_Bihar_Assembly" title="17th Bihar Assembly">Seventeenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly">Chhattisgarh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/6th_Chhattisgarh_Assembly" title="6th Chhattisgarh Assembly">Sixth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/7th_Delhi_Assembly" title="7th Delhi Assembly">Seventh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/8th_Goa_Assembly" title="8th Goa Assembly">Eighth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly" title="Gujarat Legislative Assembly">Gujarat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Gujarat_Assembly" title="15th Gujarat Assembly">Fifteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Haryana Legislative Assembly">Haryana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Haryana_Assembly" title="15th Haryana Assembly">Fifteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Himachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/14th_Himachal_Pradesh_Assembly" title="14th Himachal Pradesh Assembly">Fourteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Jammu and Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/13th_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Assembly" title="13th Jammu and Kashmir Assembly">Thirteenth</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Jharkhand Legislative Assembly">Jharkhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/6th_Jharkhand_Assembly" title="6th Jharkhand Assembly">Sixth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">Karnataka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Karnataka_Assembly" title="16th Karnataka Assembly">Sixteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Kerala_Assembly" title="15th Kerala Assembly">Fifteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Madhya_Pradesh_Assembly" title="16th Madhya Pradesh Assembly">Sixteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Maharashtra_Assembly" title="15th Maharashtra Assembly">Fifteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/12th_Manipur_Assembly" title="12th Manipur Assembly">Twelfth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/11th_Meghalaya_Assembly" title="11th Meghalaya Assembly">Eleventh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/9th_Mizoram_Assembly" title="9th Mizoram Assembly">Ninth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/14th_Nagaland_Assembly" title="14th Nagaland Assembly">Fouteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/17th_Odisha_Assembly" title="17th Odisha Assembly">Seventeenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly" title="Puducherry Legislative Assembly">Puducherry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Puducherry_Assembly" title="15th Puducherry Assembly">Fifteenth</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Punjab_Assembly" title="16th Punjab Assembly">Sixteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly" title="Rajasthan Legislative Assembly">Rajasthan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Rajasthan_Assembly" title="16th Rajasthan Assembly">Sixteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/11th_Sikkim_Assembly" title="11th Sikkim Assembly">Eleventh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly">Tamil Nadu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Tamil_Nadu_Assembly" title="16th Tamil Nadu Assembly">Sixteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Telangana Legislative Assembly">Telangana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Telangana_Assembly" title="3rd Telangana Assembly">Third</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/13th_Tripura_Assembly" title="13th Tripura Assembly">Thirteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/18th_Uttar_Pradesh_Assembly" title="18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly">Eighteenth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly">Uttarakhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/5th_Uttarakhand_Assembly" title="5th Uttarakhand Assembly">Fifth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/17th_West_Bengal_Assembly" title="17th West Bengal Assembly">Seventeenth</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lower_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_lower_houses" title="Template talk:National lower houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National lower houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lower_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Argentine Chamber of Deputies">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)" title="National Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)" title="Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples%27_Representatives" title="House of Peoples' Representatives">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Mexico)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia#House_of_the_People" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislative_Assembly_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislative Assembly (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Sudan" title="National Assembly of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Assembly" title="People's National Assembly">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#House_of_Assembly" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_(Bahrain)" title="Council of Representatives (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Barbados" title="House of Assembly of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Belarus)" title="House of Representatives (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Belize)" title="House of Representatives (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bhutan)" title="National Assembly (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Burundi)" title="National Assembly (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cambodia)" title="National Assembly (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cameroon)" title="National Assembly (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Central_African_Republic)" title="National Assembly (Central African Republic)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Gabon" title="National Assembly of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada#House_of_Representatives" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)" title="House of Representatives (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Ivory_Coast)" title="National Assembly (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Jordan)" title="House of Representatives (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4jilis" title="Mäjilis">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kenya)" title="National Assembly (Kenya)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Lesotho)" title="National Assembly (Lesotho)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Liberia" title="House of Representatives of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Madagascar)" title="National Assembly (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Morocco)" title="House of Representatives (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyithu_Hluttaw" title="Pyithu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Namibia)" title="National Assembly (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Assembly_(Oman)" title="Consultative Assembly (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Delegates_of_Palau" title="House of Delegates of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Paraguay" title="Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Rwanda)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Saint_Lucia" title="House of Assembly of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Slovenia)" title="National Assembly (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="National Assembly of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Representatives_(Tajikistan)" title="Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)" title="House of Representatives (Trinidad and Tobago)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Uruguay" title="Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Chamber_of_Uzbekistan" title="Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Yemen)" title="House of Representatives (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Zimbabwe" title="National Assembly of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_House_of_Representatives" title="American Samoa House of Representatives">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Bermuda" title="House of Assembly of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_House_of_Representatives" title="Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Puerto_Rico" title="House of Representatives of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Somaliland)" title="House of Representatives (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_lower_houses" title="List of abolished lower houses">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%931959)#Constitution_of_1940" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Fiji" title="House of Representatives of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(British_Guiana)" title="Legislative Assembly (British Guiana)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Hungary#House_of_Representatives" title="Diet of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Dáil Éireann (Irish Free State)">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(South_Korea)" title="House of Representatives (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Nicaragua#Presidents_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_before_1979" title="National Congress of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland" title="House of Commons of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru#History" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Portugal_(1822%E2%80%931910)" title="Chamber of Deputies of Portugal (1822–1910)">Portugal (Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Portugal_(1910%E2%80%931926)" title="Chamber of Deputies of Portugal (1910–1926)">Portugal (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andra_kammaren" title="Andra kammaren">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_lower_houses" title="List of abolished lower houses">List of abolished lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures">National bicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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