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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">First Geneva Convention</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Geneefse_Konvensie" title="Eerste Geneefse Konvensie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eerste Geneefse Konvensie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="اتفاقية جنيف الأولى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتفاقية جنيف الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Cenevr%C9%99_Konvensiyas%C4%B1" title="Birinci Cenevrə Konvensiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birinci Cenevrə Konvensiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_%C5%BDenevsk%C3%A1_%C3%BAmluva" title="První Ženevská úmluva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První Ženevská úmluva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esimene_Genfi_konventsioon" title="Esimene Genfi konventsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esimene Genfi konventsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Πρώτη Σύμβαση της Γενεύης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρώτη Σύμβαση της Γενεύης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Convenio_de_Ginebra" title="Primer Convenio de Ginebra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer Convenio de Ginebra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unua_%C4%9Ceneva_Konvencio" title="Unua Ĝeneva Konvencio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unua Ĝeneva Konvencio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%98%D9%86%D9%88" title="کنوانسیون اول ژنو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنوانسیون اول ژنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_convention_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Première convention de Genève – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première convention de Genève" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%A0%9C%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%94_%ED%98%91%EC%95%BD" title="제1차 제네바 협약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1차 제네바 협약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konvensi_Jenewa_Pertama" title="Konvensi Jenewa Pertama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konvensi Jenewa Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenzione_di_Ginevra_del_1864" title="Convenzione di Ginevra del 1864 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Convenzione di Ginevra del 1864" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%96%27%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אמנת ז'נבה הראשונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנת ז'נבה הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჟენევის პირველი კონვენცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟენევის პირველი კონვენცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirm%C4%81_%C5%BDen%C4%93vas_Konvencija" title="Pirmā Ženēvas Konvencija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pirmā Ženēvas Konvencija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmoji_%C5%BDenevos_konvencija" title="Pirmoji Ženevos konvencija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmoji Ženevos konvencija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Geneefse_Conventie" title="Eerste Geneefse Conventie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Geneefse Conventie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84" title="ジュネーヴ条約 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュネーヴ条約" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Conven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Genebra" title="Primeira Convenção de Genebra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Convenção de Genebra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_de_la_Geneva_(1864)" title="Convenția de la Geneva (1864) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Convenția de la Geneva (1864)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1864)" title="Женевская конвенция (1864) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Женевская конвенция (1864)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention" title="First Geneva Convention – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="First Geneva Convention" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_Gen%C3%A8vekonventionen" title="Första Genèvekonventionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Första Genèvekonventionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="முதல் ஜெனீவா உடன்படிக்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதல் ஜெனீவா உடன்படிக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="อนุสัญญาเจนีวาฉบับที่หนึ่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อนุสัญญาเจนีวาฉบับที่หนึ่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Cenevre_S%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi" title="Birinci Cenevre Sözleşmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birinci Cenevre Sözleşmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">First Geneva Cоnvention</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg/300px-Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg/450px-Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg/600px-Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">The first-ever Geneva Convention governing the sick and wounded members of armed forces was signed in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> in August 1864.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Multilateral treaty</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">22 August 1864<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1864-08-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">22 June 1865<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1865-06-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions" title="List of parties to the Geneva Conventions">List</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Archives" title="Swiss Federal Archives">Swiss Federal Archives</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention_(1864)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:First Geneva Convention (1864)">First Geneva Convention (1864)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in 1864</div> <p> The <b>First Geneva Convention</b>, officially the <b>Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés et des malades dans les forces armées en campagne</i>), held on 22 August 1864, is the first of four <a href="/wiki/Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties">treaties</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IRRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bennettx_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennettx-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It defines "the basis on which rest the rules of international law for the protection of the victims of armed conflicts."<sup id="cite_ref-pictet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pictet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the first treaty was adopted in 1864, it was significantly revised and replaced in 1906, 1929, and finally 1949. It is inextricably linked to the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, which is both the instigator for the inception and enforcer of the articles in these conventions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Dunant-young.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Henry_Dunant-young.jpg/140px-Henry_Dunant-young.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Henry_Dunant-young.jpg/210px-Henry_Dunant-young.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Henry_Dunant-young.jpg/280px-Henry_Dunant-young.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 1864 Geneva Convention was instituted during a critical period in European politics and the military. The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> had been raging elsewhere since 1861, and would ultimately claim between 750,000 and 900,000 lives. Between the fall of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a> in 1815 and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">his nephew</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Italian campaign of 1859</a>, the powers had maintained peace in western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-davis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yet, with the 1853–1856 <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">conflict in the Crimea</a>, war had returned to Europe, and while those troubles were "in a distant and inaccessible region" northern Italy was "so accessible from all parts of western Europe that it instantly filled with curious observers;" while the bloodshed was not excessive the sight of it was unfamiliar and shocking.<sup id="cite_ref-davis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its intent of ameliorating the ravages of war, the inception of the 1864 Geneva Convention inaugurated "a renewal of military activity on a large scale, to which the people of western Europe…had not been accustomed since the first Napoleon had been eliminated."<sup id="cite_ref-davis_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movement for an international set of laws governing the treatment and care for the wounded and <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> began when relief activist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> witnessed the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Solferino" title="Battle of Solferino">Battle of Solferino</a> in 1859, fought between French-<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmontese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> armies in Northern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent suffering of 40,000 wounded soldiers left on the field due to lack of facilities, personnel, and truces to give them medical aid moved Dunant into action.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennettx_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennettx-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon return to <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Dunant published his account <i>Un Souvenir de Solferino</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He urged the calling together of an international conference and soon co-founded with the Swiss lawyer <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Moynier" title="Gustave Moynier">Gustave Moynier</a>, the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IRRC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg/330px-Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg/495px-Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg/660px-Signing_of_the_first_geneva_convention.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>The signing of the first-ever Geneva Convention by some of the major European powers in 1864</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC), while recognising that it is "primarily the duty and responsibility of a nation to safeguard the health and physical well-being of its people", knew there would always, especially in times of war, be a "need for voluntary agencies to supplement…the official agencies charged with these responsibilities in every country."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ensure that its mission was widely accepted, it required a body of rules to govern its activities and those of the involved belligerent parties. </p><p>Only one year later, the Swiss government invited the governments of all European countries and the United States, Brazil, and Mexico to attend an official diplomatic conference. Sixteen countries sent a total of twenty-six delegates to Geneva. The meeting was presided over by General <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Henri_Dufour" title="Guillaume Henri Dufour">Guillaume Henri Dufour</a>. The conference occurred in the Alabama room at Geneva's Hotel de Ville (city hall) on 22 August 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-Alabama_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alabama-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conference adopted the first <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Convention</a> "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field". Representatives of 12 states signed the convention:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/26px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/34px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Baden_1862.svg/23px-Flag_of_Baden_1862.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Baden_1862.svg/35px-Flag_of_Baden_1862.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Baden_1862.svg/45px-Flag_of_Baden_1862.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="240" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Kingdom of Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="yes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/35px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/46px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French Empire</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/46px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Norway_and_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Norway and Sweden">United Kingdom of Norway and Sweden</a> signed in December.<sup id="cite_ref-Euronews_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euronews-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> signed a year later in 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> signed in 1866 following the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennett75_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett75-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> signed in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original document is preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Archives" title="Swiss Federal Archives">Swiss Federal Archives</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennettxiii_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennettxiii-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past it has been loaned to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum in Geneva.<sup id="cite_ref-ICRCLoan_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICRCLoan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application">Application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The convention "derived its obligatory force from the implied consent of the states which accepted and applied them in the conduct of their military operations."<sup id="cite_ref-davis_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its basic mandates, listed below, it was successful in effecting significant and rapid reforms. This first effort provided only for:<sup id="cite_ref-brit_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>the immunity from capture and destruction of all establishments for the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers,</li> <li>the impartial reception and treatment of all combatants,</li> <li>the protection of civilians providing aid to the wounded, and</li> <li>the recognition of the Red Cross symbol as a means of identifying persons and equipment covered by the agreement.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_provisions_and_revisions">Summary of provisions and revisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Summary of provisions and revisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A political map of the world" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg/400px-Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg/600px-Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg/800px-Parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Parties to Geneva Conventions and Protocols <table> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span> Parties to GC I–IV and P I–III</div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;"> </span> Parties to GC I–IV and P I–II</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> Parties to GC I–IV and P I and III</div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EEEE00; color:black;"> </span> Parties to GC I–IV and P I</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> Parties to GC I–IV and P III</div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF1111; color:black;"> </span> Parties to GC I–IV and no P</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <p>The original ten articles of the 1864 treaty<sup id="cite_ref-GC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been expanded to the current 64 articles. This lengthy treaty protects soldiers that are <a href="/wiki/Hors_de_combat" title="Hors de combat">hors de combat</a> (out of the battle due to sickness or injury), as well as medical and religious personnel, and civilians in the zone of battle. Among its principal provisions: </p> <ul><li>Article 12 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers who are out of the battle should be humanely treated, and in particular should not be killed, injured, tortured, or subjected to biological experimentation. This article is the keystone of the treaty, and defines the principles from which most of the treaty is derived,<sup id="cite_ref-commentary_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentary-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the obligation to respect medical units and establishments (Chapter III), the personnel entrusted with the care of the wounded (Chapter IV), buildings and material (Chapter V), medical transports (Chapter VI), and the <a href="/wiki/Protective_sign" title="Protective sign">protective sign</a> (Chapter VII).</li> <li>Article 15 mandates that wounded and sick soldiers should be collected, cared for, and protected, though they may also become prisoners of war.</li> <li>Article 16 mandates that parties to the conflict should record the identity of the dead and wounded, and transmit this information to the opposing party.</li> <li>Article 9 allows the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="International Red Cross">International Red Cross</a> "or any other impartial humanitarian organization" to provide protection and relief of wounded and sick soldiers, as well as medical and religious personnel.</li></ul> <p>Due to significant ambiguities in the articles with certain terms and concepts and even more so to the rapidly developing nature of war and military technology, the original articles had to be revised and expanded, largely at the Second Geneva Conference in 1906 and <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a> which extended the articles to <a href="/wiki/Maritime_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime warfare">maritime warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1906 version was <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_for_the_amelioration_of_the_condition_of_the_wounded_and_sick_in_armies_in_the_field_(1929)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armies in the field (1929)">updated and replaced by the 1929 version</a> when minor modifications were made to it. It was again updated and replaced by the 1949 version, better known as the Final Act of Geneva Conference, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pictet" title="Jean Pictet">Jean S. Pictet</a>, Director of the International Committee of the Red Cross, noted in 1951, "the law, however, always lags behind charity; it is tardy in conforming with life's realities and the needs of humankind", as such it is the duty of the Red Cross "to assist in the widening the scope of law, on the assumption that…law will retain its value", principally through the revision and expansion of these basic principles of the original Geneva Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-pictet_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pictet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a detailed discussion of each article of the treaty, see the original text<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the commentary.<sup id="cite_ref-commentary_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentary-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>, including this first treaty but also including the other three.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions" title="List of parties to the Geneva Conventions">List of parties to the Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Declaration_of_1868" title="Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868">Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IRRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IRRC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRRC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross-1961-1997/article/first-geneva-convention-of-1864-a-historic-document/07148A69FF4253CC37ACBC7C044CDC93">"The First Geneva Convention of 1864: a historic document"</a>. <i>International Review of the Red Cross</i>. <b>6</b> (67): International Review of the Red Cross. 1966<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.atitle=The+First+Geneva+Convention+of+1864%3A+a+historic+document&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=67&rft.pages=International+Review+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Finternational-review-of-the-red-cross-1961-1997%2Farticle%2Ffirst-geneva-convention-of-1864-a-historic-document%2F07148A69FF4253CC37ACBC7C044CDC93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennettx-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bennettx_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bennettx_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2005" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Angela (2005). <i>The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross</i>. Sutton Publishing. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0750941471" title="Special:BookSources/978-0750941471"><bdi>978-0750941471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geneva+Convention%2C+the+Hidden+Origins+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0750941471&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pictet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pictet_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pictet_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPictet1951" class="citation cs2">Pictet, Jean S. (1951), "The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims", <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>, <b>45</b> (3): 462–475, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2194544">10.2307/2194544</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2194544">2194544</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+New+Geneva+Conventions+for+the+Protection+of+War+Victims&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=462-475&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2194544&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2194544%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pictet&rft.aufirst=Jean+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1907" class="citation cs2">Davis, George B. (1907), "The Geneva Convention of 1906", <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>, <b>1</b> (2): 409–417, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2186169">10.2307/2186169</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2186169">2186169</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146904419">146904419</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+Geneva+Convention+of+1906&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=409-417&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146904419%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2186169%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2186169&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=George+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1977" class="citation cs2">Baxter, Richard (1977), "Human Rights in War", <i>Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</i>, <b>31</b> (2): 5, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3822833">10.2307/3822833</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822833">3822833</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+in+War&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3822833&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3822833%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunant1862" class="citation cs2">Dunant, Henri (1862), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/unsouvenirdesol00dunagoog#page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Un Souvenir de Solferino</i></a> (1 ed.), Geneve: Jules Fick</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+Souvenir+de+Solferino&rft.place=Geneve&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Jules+Fick&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Dunant&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Funsouvenirdesol00dunagoog%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSperry1906" class="citation cs2">Sperry, C.S. (1906), "The Revision of the Geneva Convention, 1906", <i>Proceedings of the American Political Science Association</i>, <b>3</b>: 33–57, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3038537">10.2307/3038537</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3038537">3038537</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Political+Science+Association&rft.atitle=The+Revision+of+the+Geneva+Convention%2C+1906&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=33-57&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3038537&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3038537%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sperry&rft.aufirst=C.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1920" class="citation cs2">Anderson, Chandler P. 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Geneva Tourism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geneve.com/en/attractions/town-hall-alabama-room">the original</a> on 25 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Town+Hall+-+Alabama+Room&rft.pub=Geneva+Tourism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geneve.com%2Fen%2Fattractions%2Ftown-hall-alabama-room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/States.xsp?xp_viewStates=XPages_NORMStatesParties&xp_treatySelected=120">"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864"</a>. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convention+for+the+Amelioration+of+the+Condition+of+the+Wounded+in+Armies+in+the+Field.+Geneva%2C+22+August+1864&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=International+Committee+of+the+Red+Cross+ICRC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fapplic%2Fihl%2Fihl.nsf%2FStates.xsp%3Fxp_viewStates%3DXPages_NORMStatesParties%26xp_treatySelected%3D120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Euronews-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Euronews_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/12/watch-70th-birthday-of-the-geneva-conventions-why-was-it-signed-and-what-does-it-do">"Watch: 70th birthday of the Geneva Conventions: Why was it signed and what does it do?"</a>. Euronews. 12 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watch%3A+70th+birthday+of+the+Geneva+Conventions%3A+Why+was+it+signed+and+what+does+it+do%3F&rft.pub=Euronews&rft.date=2019-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F08%2F12%2Fwatch-70th-birthday-of-the-geneva-conventions-why-was-it-signed-and-what-does-it-do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/war/overview/rules.shtml">"Rules and conventions"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+and+conventions&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fethics%2Fwar%2Foverview%2Frules.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett75-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennett75_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2005" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Angela (2005). <i>The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross</i>. Sutton Publishing. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0750941471" title="Special:BookSources/978-0750941471"><bdi>978-0750941471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geneva+Convention%2C+the+Hidden+Origins+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0750941471&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennettxiii-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennettxiii_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2005" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Angela (2005). <i>The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross</i>. Sutton Publishing. p. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0750941471" title="Special:BookSources/978-0750941471"><bdi>978-0750941471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geneva+Convention%2C+the+Hidden+Origins+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0750941471&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICRCLoan-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICRCLoan_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/news-release/2009-and-earlier/5avlf8.htm">"25 Years of the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 - Original Geneva Convention of 1864 now in Geneva museum"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+Years+of+the+Additional+Protocols+to+the+Geneva+Conventions+of+1949+-+Original+Geneva+Convention+of+1864+now+in+Geneva+museum.&rft.pub=ICRC&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2Fen%2Fdoc%2Fresources%2Fdocuments%2Fnews-release%2F2009-and-earlier%2F5avlf8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Geneva-Conventions">"Geneva Conventions"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Act+of+the+Diplomatic+Conference+of+Geneva%2C+12+August+1949&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=International+Committee+of+the+Red+Cross+ICRC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fapplic%2Fihl%2Fihl.nsf%2FTreaty.xsp%3FdocumentId%3DA0B2F6B37BB094C7C12563CD002D6ADA%26action%3DopenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=4825657B0C7E6BF0C12563CD002D6B0B&action=openDocument">"Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949"</a>. Geneva, Switzerland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convention+%28I%29+for+the+Amelioration+of+the+Condition+of+the+Wounded+and+Sick+in+Armed+Forces+in+the+Field.+Geneva%2C+12+August+1949.&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fapplic%2Fihl%2Fihl.nsf%2FTreaty.xsp%3FdocumentId%3D4825657B0C7E6BF0C12563CD002D6B0B%26action%3DopenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815153327/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/party_main_treaties">"States party to the main treaties"</a>. The American National Red Cross. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/party_main_treaties">the original</a> on 15 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=States+party+to+the+main+treaties&rft.pub=The+American+National+Red+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2FWeb%2FEng%2Fsiteeng0.nsf%2Fhtml%2Fparty_main_treaties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Geneva+Convention" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chandler P. Anderson, "International Red Cross Organization", <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>, 1920</li> <li>Richard Baxter, "Human Rights in War", <i>Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</i>, 1977</li> <li>Bennett, Angela, "The Geneva Convention, the Hidden Origins of the Red Cross", Sutton Publishing, 2005</li> <li>George B. Davis, "The Geneva Convention", <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>, 1907</li> <li>Jean S. Pictet, "The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims", <i>The American Journal of International Law</i>, 1951</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lieber" title="Francis Lieber">Francis Lieber</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lieber.asp">Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field</a>", Lincoln General Orders, 24 April 1863.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Geneva_Convention&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Geneva Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Geneva_Convention" title="Second Geneva Convention">Second Geneva Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Geneva_Convention" title="Third Geneva Convention">Third Geneva Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_I" title="Protocol I">Protocol I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_II" title="Protocol II">Protocol II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_III" title="Protocol III">Protocol III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the_Geneva_Conventions" title="List of parties to the Geneva Conventions">List of parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610272#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip 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Brazilian Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Brunei" title="Category:Treaties of Brunei">Treaties of Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria">Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso">Treaties of Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Myanmar" title="Category:Treaties of Myanmar">Treaties of Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Burundi" title="Category:Treaties of Burundi">Treaties of Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Cambodia_(1953%E2%80%931970)" title="Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)">Treaties of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cameroon" title="Category:Treaties of Cameroon">Treaties of Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Canada" title="Category:Treaties of Canada">Treaties of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cape_Verde" title="Category:Treaties of Cape Verde">Treaties of Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Central African Republic">Treaties of the Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Chad" title="Category:Treaties of Chad">Treaties of Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Chile" title="Category:Treaties of Chile">Treaties of Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China">Treaties of the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Colombia" title="Category:Treaties of Colombia">Treaties of Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Comoros" title="Category:Treaties of the Comoros">Treaties of the Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(1964%E2%80%931971)" title="Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)">Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo">Treaties of the Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Category:Treaties of the Cook Islands">Treaties of the Cook Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Costa_Rica" title="Category:Treaties of Costa Rica">Treaties of Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast">Treaties of Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Croatia" title="Category:Treaties of Croatia">Treaties of Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cuba" title="Category:Treaties of Cuba">Treaties of Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Treaties of Cyprus">Treaties of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic">Treaties of the Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia">Treaties of Czechoslovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Denmark" title="Category:Treaties of Denmark">Treaties of Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Djibouti" title="Category:Treaties of Djibouti">Treaties of Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Dominica" title="Category:Treaties of Dominica">Treaties of Dominica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic">Treaties of the Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_East_Timor" title="Category:Treaties of East Timor">Treaties of East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ecuador" title="Category:Treaties of Ecuador">Treaties of Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt">Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_El_Salvador" title="Category:Treaties of El Salvador">Treaties of El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea">Treaties of Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Eritrea" title="Category:Treaties of Eritrea">Treaties of Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Estonia" title="Category:Treaties of Estonia">Treaties of Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Eswatini" title="Category:Treaties of Eswatini">Treaties of Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Ethiopian_Empire" title="Category:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire">Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Fiji" title="Category:Treaties of Fiji">Treaties of Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Finland" title="Category:Treaties of Finland">Treaties of Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_French_Fourth_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic">Treaties of the French Fourth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Gabon" title="Category:Treaties of Gabon">Treaties of Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Gambia" title="Category:Treaties of the Gambia">Treaties of the Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)">Treaties of Georgia (country)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_West_Germany" title="Category:Treaties of West Germany">Treaties of West Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_East_Germany" title="Category:Treaties of East Germany">Treaties of East Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ghana" title="Category:Treaties of Ghana">Treaties of Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece">Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Grenada" title="Category:Treaties of Grenada">Treaties of Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guatemala" title="Category:Treaties of Guatemala">Treaties of Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties of Guinea">Treaties of Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau">Treaties of Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guyana" title="Category:Treaties of Guyana">Treaties of Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Haiti" title="Category:Treaties of Haiti">Treaties of Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Category:Treaties of the Holy See">Treaties of the Holy See</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Honduras" title="Category:Treaties of Honduras">Treaties of Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic">Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Iceland" title="Category:Treaties of Iceland">Treaties of Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Dominion_of_India" title="Category:Treaties of the Dominion of India">Treaties of the Dominion of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Treaties of Indonesia">Treaties of Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Pahlavi_Iran" title="Category:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran">Treaties of Pahlavi Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq">Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ireland" title="Category:Treaties of Ireland">Treaties of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Israel" title="Category:Treaties of Israel">Treaties of Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Italy" title="Category:Treaties of Italy">Treaties of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Jamaica" title="Category:Treaties of Jamaica">Treaties of Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Japan" title="Category:Treaties of Japan">Treaties of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Jordan" title="Category:Treaties of Jordan">Treaties of Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kazakhstan" title="Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan">Treaties of Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kenya" title="Category:Treaties of Kenya">Treaties of Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kiribati" title="Category:Treaties of Kiribati">Treaties of Kiribati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_North_Korea" title="Category:Treaties of North Korea">Treaties of North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_South_Korea" title="Category:Treaties of South Korea">Treaties of South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kuwait" title="Category:Treaties of Kuwait">Treaties of Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan">Treaties of Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Laos">Treaties of the Kingdom of Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Latvia" title="Category:Treaties of Latvia">Treaties of Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Lebanon" title="Category:Treaties of Lebanon">Treaties of Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Lesotho" title="Category:Treaties of Lesotho">Treaties of Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Liberia" title="Category:Treaties of Liberia">Treaties of Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Libya">Treaties of the Kingdom of Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Liechtenstein" title="Category:Treaties of Liechtenstein">Treaties of Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Lithuania" title="Category:Treaties of Lithuania">Treaties of Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Luxembourg" title="Category:Treaties of Luxembourg">Treaties of Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_North_Macedonia" title="Category:Treaties of North Macedonia">Treaties of North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Madagascar" title="Category:Treaties of Madagascar">Treaties of Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Malawi" title="Category:Treaties of Malawi">Treaties of Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Federation_of_Malaya" title="Category:Treaties of the Federation of Malaya">Treaties of the Federation of Malaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Maldives" title="Category:Treaties of the Maldives">Treaties of the Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mali" title="Category:Treaties of Mali">Treaties of Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Malta" title="Category:Treaties of Malta">Treaties of Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Category:Treaties of the Marshall Islands">Treaties of the Marshall Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mauritania" title="Category:Treaties of Mauritania">Treaties of Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mauritius" title="Category:Treaties of Mauritius">Treaties of Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mexico" title="Category:Treaties of Mexico">Treaties of Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Category:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia">Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Moldova" title="Category:Treaties of Moldova">Treaties of Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Monaco" title="Category:Treaties of Monaco">Treaties of Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic">Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Montenegro" title="Category:Treaties of Montenegro">Treaties of Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Morocco" title="Category:Treaties of Morocco">Treaties of Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique">Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Namibia" title="Category:Treaties of Namibia">Treaties of Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nauru" title="Category:Treaties of Nauru">Treaties of Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nepal" title="Category:Treaties of Nepal">Treaties of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Treaties of the Netherlands">Treaties of the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Treaties of New Zealand">Treaties of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nicaragua" title="Category:Treaties of Nicaragua">Treaties of Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Niger" title="Category:Treaties of Niger">Treaties of Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Treaties of Nigeria">Treaties of Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Norway" title="Category:Treaties of Norway">Treaties of Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Oman" title="Category:Treaties of Oman">Treaties of Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan">Treaties of the Dominion of Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Palau" title="Category:Treaties of Palau">Treaties of Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Treaties of the State of Palestine">Treaties of the State of Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Panama" title="Category:Treaties of Panama">Treaties of Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea">Treaties of Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Treaties of Paraguay">Treaties of Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Peru" title="Category:Treaties of Peru">Treaties of Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Treaties of the Philippines">Treaties of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic">Treaties of the Polish People's Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Category:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)">Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Qatar" title="Category:Treaties of Qatar">Treaties of Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania">Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Rwanda" title="Category:Treaties of Rwanda">Treaties of Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Category:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia">Treaties of Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Samoa" title="Category:Treaties of Samoa">Treaties of Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_San_Marino" title="Category:Treaties of San Marino">Treaties of San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe">Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Treaties of Saudi Arabia">Treaties of Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Senegal" title="Category:Treaties of Senegal">Treaties of Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro">Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Seychelles" title="Category:Treaties of Seychelles">Treaties of Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone">Treaties of Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Singapore" title="Category:Treaties of Singapore">Treaties of Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Slovakia" title="Category:Treaties of Slovakia">Treaties of Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Slovenia" title="Category:Treaties of Slovenia">Treaties of Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands">Treaties of the Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Somali_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Somali Republic">Treaties of the Somali Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Union_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Treaties of the Union of South Africa">Treaties of the Union of South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_South_Sudan" title="Category:Treaties of South Sudan">Treaties of South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union">Treaties of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Spain" title="Category:Treaties of Spain">Treaties of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Category:Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon">Treaties of the Dominion of Ceylon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Republic_of_the_Sudan_(1956%E2%80%931969)" title="Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)">Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Suriname" title="Category:Treaties of Suriname">Treaties of Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Sweden" title="Category:Treaties of Sweden">Treaties of Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Treaties of Switzerland">Treaties of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Syrian_Republic_(1930%E2%80%931963)" title="Category:Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–1963)">Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–1963)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tajikistan" title="Category:Treaties of Tajikistan">Treaties of Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tanganyika" title="Category:Treaties of Tanganyika">Treaties of Tanganyika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Thailand" title="Category:Treaties of Thailand">Treaties of Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Togo" title="Category:Treaties of Togo">Treaties of Togo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tonga" title="Category:Treaties of Tonga">Treaties of Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago">Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tunisia" title="Category:Treaties of Tunisia">Treaties of Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Turkey" title="Category:Treaties of Turkey">Treaties of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Turkmenistan" title="Category:Treaties of Turkmenistan">Treaties of Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tuvalu" title="Category:Treaties of Tuvalu">Treaties of Tuvalu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Uganda" title="Category:Treaties of Uganda">Treaties of Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates">Treaties of the United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom">Treaties of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Treaties of the United States">Treaties of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Uruguay" title="Category:Treaties of Uruguay">Treaties of Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Uzbekistan" title="Category:Treaties of Uzbekistan">Treaties of Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Vanuatu" title="Category:Treaties of Vanuatu">Treaties of Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Venezuela" title="Category:Treaties of Venezuela">Treaties of Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_North_Vietnam" title="Category:Treaties of North Vietnam">Treaties of North Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_South_Yemen" title="Category:Treaties of South Yemen">Treaties of South Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic">Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia">Treaties of Yugoslavia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Zambia" title="Category:Treaties of Zambia">Treaties of Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Zimbabwe" title="Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe">Treaties of Zimbabwe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_South_Vietnam" title="Category:Treaties of South Vietnam">Treaties of South Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Category:Treaties of the Sultanate of Zanzibar">Treaties of the Sultanate of Zanzibar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Greenland" title="Category:Treaties extended to Greenland">Treaties extended to Greenland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands">Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Niue" title="Category:Treaties extended to Niue">Treaties extended to Niue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Aruba" title="Category:Treaties extended to Aruba">Treaties extended to Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles">Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea">Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Belgian_Congo" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo">Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Ruanda-Urundi" title="Category:Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi">Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi</a></li><li><a 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