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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lë_spassi:_Profil_geopolitich_ëd_la_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lë_spassi:_Profil_geopolitich_ëd_la_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lë spassi: Profil geopolitich ëd la region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lë_spassi:_Profil_geopolitich_ëd_la_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ij_Pòpoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ij_Pòpoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ij Pòpoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ij_Pòpoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitologìa_e_imàgin_ëd_la_region_ant_la_stòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitologìa_e_imàgin_ëd_la_region_ant_la_stòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mitologìa e imàgin ëd la region ant la stòria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitologìa_e_imàgin_ëd_la_region_ant_la_stòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Stòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'antichità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'antichità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>L'antichità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'antichità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L’Età_ëd_Mes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L’Età_ëd_Mes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>L’Età ëd Mes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L’Età_ëd_Mes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L’espansion_dl’Imper_russi_ant_la_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L’espansion_dl’Imper_russi_ant_la_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>L’espansion dl’Imper russi ant la region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L’espansion_dl’Imper_russi_ant_la_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piemontèis_e_Sabaud_ant_ël_Càucas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piemontèis_e_Sabaud_ant_ël_Càucas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Piemontèis e Sabaud ant ël Càucas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piemontèis_e_Sabaud_ant_ël_Càucas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_Càucas_sovietich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_Càucas_sovietich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Ël Càucas sovietich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_Càucas_sovietich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fin_ëd_l’Union_Sovietica_e_ij_conflit_separatista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fin_ëd_l’Union_Sovietica_e_ij_conflit_separatista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>La fin ëd l’Union Sovietica e ij conflit separatista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fin_ëd_l’Union_Sovietica_e_ij_conflit_separatista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_politica_ossidental:_controlé_na_crosiera_strategica_për_la_definission_dij_equilibri_mondiaij" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_politica_ossidental:_controlé_na_crosiera_strategica_për_la_definission_dij_equilibri_mondiaij"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>La politica ossidental: controlé na crosiera strategica për la definission dij equilibri mondiaij</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_politica_ossidental:_controlé_na_crosiera_strategica_për_la_definission_dij_equilibri_mondiaij-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_Càucas_ancheuj_da_na_mira_geopolitica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_Càucas_ancheuj_da_na_mira_geopolitica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ël Càucas ancheuj da na mira geopolitica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_Càucas_ancheuj_da_na_mira_geopolitica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arferiment_bibliogràfich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arferiment_bibliogràfich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Arferiment bibliogràfich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arferiment_bibliogràfich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Càucas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 130 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къаукъаз - adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Къаукъаз" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8D%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%B6%E1%88%B5" title="ካውካሶስ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካውካሶስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucas" title="Caucas - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caucas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="القوقاز - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوقاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="القوقاز - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القوقاز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_C%C3%A1ucasu" title="El Cáucasu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="El Cáucasu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qafqaz" title="Qafqaz - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qafqaz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قافقاز - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قافقاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Каўказ - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каўказ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Каўкаскія горы - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каўкаскія горы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кавказки регион - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кавказки регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉकेशस - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कॉकेशस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ককেশাস - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ককেশাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaokaz" title="Kaokaz - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaokaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(regija)" title="Kavkaz (regija) - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kavkaz (regija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucas" title="Caucas - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caucas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قەوقاز - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قەوقاز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(region)" title="Kavkaz (region) - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kavkaz (region)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8A" title="Каѵкасъ - slavo ecclesiastico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каѵкасъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavo ecclesiastico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawcasws_(ardal)" title="Cawcasws (ardal) - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cawcasws (ardal)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaukasien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaukasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofkas" title="Kofkas - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kofkas" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Καυκασία - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καυκασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%ADkazio" title="Kaŭkazio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaŭkazio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cáucaso - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaasia" title="Kaukaasia - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaukaasia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucase" title="Caucase - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caucase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4caso" title="Côcaso - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Côcaso" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus_(Berger)" title="Kaukasus (Berger) - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaukasus (Berger)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9igi%C3%BAn_Chugais" title="Réigiún Chugais - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réigiún Chugais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabhcas" title="Cabhcas - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cabhcas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cáucaso - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1ukaso" title="Káukaso - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Káukaso" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Choagaash" title="Yn Choagaash - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Choagaash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%96" title="קווקז - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווקז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉकस - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉकस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(regija)" title="Kavkaz (regija) - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kavkaz (regija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C3%A1zus_(r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3)" title="Kaukázus (régió) - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaukázus (régió)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Կովկաս - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կովկաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Կովկաս - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կովկաս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazia" title="Kaukazia - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kaukazia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1kasus" title="Kákasus - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kákasus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso - italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9" title="コーカサス - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーカサス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaokasus" title="Kaokasus - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaokasus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კავკასია - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კავკასია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къаукъаз - cabardino" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къаукъаз" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾಕಸಸ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಕಸಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%85%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="캅카스 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캅카스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qefqasya" title="Qefqasya - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qefqasya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ккавкказ - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ккавкказ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къавкъаз - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къавкъаз" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasos" title="Caucasos - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Caucasos" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasi%C3%AB" title="Kaukasië - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaukasië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazas" title="Kaukazas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaukazas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C4%81zs" title="Kaukāzs - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaukāzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaokazy" title="Kaokazy - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaokazy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="കൊക്കേഷ്യ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊക്കേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="कॉकेशस - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉकेशस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8" title="ककेसस - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ककेसस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus_(gebied)" title="Kaukasus (gebied) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaukasus (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasia" title="Kaukasia - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaukasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caucàs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC" title="ਕੋਹਕਾਫ਼ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਹਕਾਫ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koukeisiis" title="Koukeisiis - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Koukeisiis" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaz_(region)" title="Kaukaz (region) - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaukaz (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Cáucaso - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaz" title="Caucaz - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caucaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Хапхаас - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хапхаас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ucasu" title="Càucasu - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Càucasu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasu" title="Caucasu - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Caucasu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz_(region)" title="Kavkaz (region) - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kavkaz (region)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaz_(geografick%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)" title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť) - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavka%C5%A1ka_regija" title="Kavkaška regija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kavkaška regija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasi" title="Kaukasi - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kaukasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qooqaas" title="Qooqaas - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qooqaas" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazi_(rajon)" title="Kaukazi (rajon) - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaukazi (rajon)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Кавказ (регија) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кавказ (регија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaukasien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="காக்கேசியா - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காக்கேசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కాకసస్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాకసస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Қафқоз - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қафқоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="คอเคซัส - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอเคซัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawkaz" title="Kawkaz - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kawkaz" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaso" title="Kaukaso - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaukaso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafkasya" title="Kafkasya - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafkasya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaucasus" title="Kaucasus - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Kaucasus" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кавказ - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кавказ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قفقاز - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قفقاز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavkaz" title="Kavkaz - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kavkaz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kaukasus" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucaso" title="Caucaso - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caucaso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高加索" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კავკაცია - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კავკაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高加索" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caucasus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高加索" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18869#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifiché le liure antërlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modifiché j'anliure</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spassi nominaj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0ucas" title="Vardé la pàgina ëd contnù. 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border:solid blue 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="border:solid red 1px; margin: 1px; width: 448px; background: lightblue;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="width: 45px; height: 28px; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/78px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/117px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/156px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></td> <td style="font-size: 11pt; padding: 2pt 0pt 0pt 4pt; line-height: 1em; color: black;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vos</a> an <a href="/wiki/Lenga_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga piemontèisa">lenga piemontèisa</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 1pt 0pt 0pt 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: black;">Për amprende a dovré 'l sistema dle parlà locaj <a href="/wiki/Agiut:Parl%C3%A0_locaj" title="Agiut:Parlà locaj">ch'a varda sì</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <table style="float:left; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg/300px-Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg/450px-Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg/600px-Caucasus_topographic_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Topografìa dël Càucas</figcaption></figure> <p>Ël <b>Càucas</b> (ëdcò Caucàsia, an russi: Кавказ, Kavkaz ; an georgian: კავკასია, Kawkasia; an armen: Կովկաս, Kovkas ; an turc/aserbaigian: Kafkas; an persian: کوه قاف, ) a l’é na region a caval dl’Orient avzin e dl'Eurasia, posissionà antr ij mar Neir e Caspi e marcà për dle caden-e ‘d montagne ch’as a slongo an sens latitudinal d’un bassin a l’aut. Tera ‘d confin antra siviltà difèrente ch’a son sempre mës-ciasse ant le soe valà, ël Càucas a l’ha na colocassion cultural andefinia. An efèt, la sò marca a l’é sempe staita la diferensa ‘d lenghe (indòeuropenghe, turche e locaj, coma ‘l cartvel, dont ël georgian), ëd culture e ‘d religion. Coma conseguensa, ëdcò da la mira geografica për quaidun a l’é un-a dle frontiere antra Euròpa (a nòrd) e Asia (a sud), antrament che, ant l’usagi spantiassé dapuì la fin ëd l’URSS, a l’é considerà coma part ëd l’Euròpa. Dòp d’j’event dël 1990-91, conforma a la pratica lassà da la longa aministrassion russa, al dì d’ancheuj ël Càucas as divid politicament antra ël Nòrd, ciamà Ciscàucasia, armanì part integral ëd la Federassion Russa - articolà ant le repùbliche ‘d Karacèvò-Cerchessia, d’Adighea, ‘d Cabardinò-Balcharia, d'Ossetia dël Nòrd, d'Ingossia, ‘d Cecénia e dël Daghèstan, pì le region (krai an russi) dë Stavròpòl e ‘d Krasnòdar - e ‘l Sud, ciamà dcò Transcàucasia o Subcàucasia, dividù antra jë Stat ex-sovietich ëd Geòrgia, Armenia, Aserbaigian, pì le region ancheuj turche ‘d Cars e d’Arvin. Dle part ëd l’Iran nòrd-ossidental a peulo ‘dcò bin consideresse coma caucàsiche. </p><p>Stat ch'a fan part ëd la region: </p> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><br /></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a><br /> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Artsakh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%B9blica_d%C3%ABl_Nag%C3%B2rno-Karabakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repùblica dël Nagòrno-Karabakh (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Repùblica dël Nagòrno-Karabakh</a> (Teritòri pretendù da l'Azerbaigian e indipendent <i>de facto</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a><br /> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abc%C3%A0ssia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abcàssia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Abcàssia</a> (Teritòri pretendù da la Geòrgia e indipendent <i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oss%C3%A8ssia_d%C3%ABl_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossèssia dël Sud (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Ossèssia dël Sud</a> (Teritòri pretendù da la Geòrgia e indipendent <i>de facto</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br /></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><br /></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa">Turchìa</a><br /></li></ul> <p>Ël teritòri goernà da la Russia a l'é formà da 7 entità federaj: </p> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cec%C3%A8nia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecènia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Cecènia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Dagestan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Dagestan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Dagestan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Dagestan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Dagestan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Dagestan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Dagestan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A0ghestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dàghestan (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Dàghestan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ingushetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inguss%C3%A8ssia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingussèssia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Ingussèssia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabardino-Balkaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabardino-Balkaria (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oss%C3%A8ssia_d%C3%ABl_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossèssia dël Sud (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Ossèssia dël Sud</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg/20px-Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg/30px-Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg/40px-Flag_of_Stavropol_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraj_d%C3%AB_Stavropol%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraj dë Stavropol' (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Kraj dë Stavropol'</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karach%C3%A0evo-Cherkesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karachàevo-Cherkesia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Karachàevo-Cherkesia</a><br /></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lë_spassi:_Profil_geopolitich_ëd_la_region"><span id="L.C3.AB_spassi:_Profil_geopolitich_.C3.ABd_la_region"></span>Lë spassi: Profil geopolitich ëd la region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Lë spassi: Profil geopolitich ëd la region" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lë spassi: Profil geopolitich ëd la region"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lë spassi Caucàsich a së strutura dantorn ëd doe gròse caden-e ‘d montagne. Ij 1.200 km dël Grand Càucas (dominà ant la part sentral da ij pich dl'Elbros, 5.642 m, la pì auta sima dla part ossidental dl’Eurasia, Dykh Tau, 5.203 m, Sckhara, 5.201 m, Kosctan Tau, 5.150 m, Kasbek, 5.047 m), as dëslongo da lë streit ëd Kertcc (mar Nèir) fin-a a la penisola d'Apscèròn (mar Caspi). Se consideroma ‘l Càucas coma europengh, ël Grand Càucas a saria ‘l massiss montagnos ël pì alvà d'Euròpa. Pì curta e pian-a, la caden-a dël Cit Càucas, al cheur dla qual as marca ‘l mitich mont Aràrat (5.156 m), a definiss ij limit meridionaj an mës-ciandse con ij platò d’Anatòlia e Iran. Le montagne caucàsiche as dësvlupo an sens latitudinal an dividend an manera pitòst frëmma la Ciscaucàsia da la Transcaucàsia. Ij ràir passagi da na banda a l’auta a son storicament consentrasse arlongh dle còste, dzoratut ëd cola càspica. Ambelessì ël massiss montos as pòrta motobin aranda dël mar an formand na streita pian-a costera larga an media 20/30 km. Ant ël pont pì setentrional la pian-a a l’é streita mach 2 km. Ambelessì, ant l’odiern Daghestan, dapuì ‘l secol VI a.C., as leva la sità ëd Derbent, ël pù antich senter abità dla Federassion Russa. Arlongh dij secoij, ël contròl ëd Derbent a l’ha permetù ‘d dominé ij trafich via tera antra le Stepe Eurasiatiche e ‘l Mojen Orient. Costa situassion as arflet ant l’etimologia dël sit: an Persan Darband a veul dì “pòrta dzurà” e sòn as esprim ëdcò ant le denominassion araba Bab al-Abwâb, “pòrta dle pòrte”, e turca Demir Kapi, "pòrta ‘d fer". Gavà le doe còste, ‘l prinsipal passagi dël Grand Càucas a l’è col ëd Darial (dal persan Dar-e Alan, “pòrta dj’Alan”), ch’as doerta da la valà dël fium Terech e a travers ël còl ëd la Cros (2.388 m) a men-a ant ël cheur ëd la Transcaucasia, andova a sorgiss l’antica Tiflis, ancheuj Tbilissi. </p><p>Antra ël Grand e Cit Càucas, as treuva na region complessa ‘d pian-e aluvionaj (fium Riòni, Arasse, Cora, Alasani), ch’a së slonga për 700 km antra ij mar Neir e Caspi, dzora ij quaj a son doerte a òvest la Còlchide, e a est la pian-a ancheuj ocupà da l'Aserbaigian. Cost-sì, ansema a le autre republiche d’Armènia e ‘d Geòrgia, as divid la Transcàucasia dapuì la dipartia dl’Union sovietica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ij_Pòpoj"><span id="Ij_P.C3.B2poj"></span>Ij Pòpoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ij Pòpoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ij Pòpoj"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Costi pòch dait geografich a fan capì coma, ël Càucas, ant ël sò ansema, a l’é da semp un confin antra mond diferent (Miller 2005). El grand Càucas a l’ha marcà ‘l limit antr l’influensa dle grand siviltà dël Mediterani e dl’Orient avzin a sud e le federassion nomadiche d’Eurasia a nord. A la division sivilisassional Nòrd-Sud antra l’univers nòmad e col sedentari con sò sossietà complesse, as no giunta un-a Ovest-Est: ij duj mar ch’a marco ij limit ossidental e orientaj dël Càucas a son semp ëstait gran coletor d’influense cultural, cola greca e roman-a da na banda, cole asiatiche orientaj, ch’a viagiavo ans la via dla seda, da l’auta. Arlongh dla stòria, le turbolense e le invasion dij grand ëspassi nomadich dël nòrd parej coma ij scontr e l’interassion dle grand sivltà al sud a l’han possà inumerevoj pòpoij a serché rifugi antr le montagne dël Càucas. L’ëspassi dificil ch’i l’oma ilustrà a l’ha favorì l’ësfurvajament e peuj l’isolament dle comunità arlong dle sò vaire valà. Parej, tute coste colture a son an quaica manera sedimentasse ans ël teritòri càucasich, ël qual as definiss da semp coma un-a dle region pì composite al mond ans ël pian etnich. Cost mosaic etnich a l’era già armarcà da Strabon (64 an. a.C. G.-C. – 21-25 dòp G.-C., autor dla “Geografia”) e a l’ha semp anciarmà ij viagiator - « montagna dle lenghe» (Djabal al-alsun) a lo ciamavo ij visitator arab. La carta aministrativa d’ancheuj a riess nen a rende l’idea ëd costa diversità ch’a l’è massima an particolar arlongh dij 1200 km dël Grand Càucas, andova le migrassion a son staite pù sovensse. Al di d’ancheuj, la pù part ëd costi pòpoj a dzoraviv ancora e mach an tninda cont dij prinsipaj, as conta un minim ëd 40 gent difèrente për religion e famija lenghistica. An schematisanda, as armarco tre famije prinsipaij : càucasica, indo-euròpengha e tursica (uralò-altaica). Cola propriament càucasica a rapresenta l’òn ch’a ‘rman dla popolassion indigena present dapuì la preistòria. Costi pòpoij a son present al nòrd, un pòch press ‘d 20 pòpoij, coma j’Adighé, ij Cabardin e ij Sircass, ij Ceccen, j’Ingosc e ancora 12 gent diferente ëd col mosaic ant ël mosaic etnic ch’a l’é ‘l Daghestan. A sud as trata prinsipalement dij Cartvel, an prim leu ij Georgian e ij pòpoij a lor avzin qual ij Mengrej, ij Laz e ij Svan, antrament che j’Abcas a son parent d’j’Adighé-Sircass dla Russia. La presensa indo-europenga dël Càucas a lé dcò antica. Armen e pòpoij iranich coma j’Osset, ij Curd, ij Tat e fin-a ij Grech, a son da sempe present ant la region. L’ariv dij Russi a l’ha dait an peis decisiv a costa presensa e a l’ha dcò amnà apress ëd chiel ant la region pòpoj propriament europèngh coma j’Alman, ij Baltich e ij Polach, dont quaich rapresentant as peul ancontresse ‘ncora ‘l dì d’ancheuj. Arivaja d’Asia sentral, la presensa tursica (uralò-altaica) a l’é la pù recenta e as consentra ant l’Aserbaigian tut an essenda dcò presenta dëspartut a macia ‘d leopard ant ël versant setentrional, con dij pòpoij qual ij Comyc, ij Caracciaj e ij Balcar. El Càucas a presenta dcò dle cite comunità ‘d pòpoij semitic qual j’Assyr e, bin che na frisa geograficament marginaj ant ël nòrd-est, ij Calmuch mongoj. An general a i é squasi niun-a omogeneità ant la distribussion ans ël teren. Danans a costa babel ëd lenghe, ant ël secol XXI ël Russi a ‘rman la lenga pù spantiaia e ‘l mojen ëd còmunicassion andispensabil për bogé e fé afé ant la region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitologìa_e_imàgin_ëd_la_region_ant_la_stòria"><span id="Mitolog.C3.ACa_e_im.C3.A0gin_.C3.ABd_la_region_ant_la_st.C3.B2ria"></span>Mitologìa e imàgin ëd la region ant la stòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Mitologìa e imàgin ëd la region ant la stòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mitologìa e imàgin ëd la region ant la stòria"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coma tera ‘d frontera e crosiera dle pì grande sivilisassion milenarie dla stòria dl’òm, ël Càucas as caraterisa ëdcò coma cun-a ‘d mitologia e ‘d pensé religios, a parte da la Bibia ch’a mension-a ‘l mont Ararat coma ateragi dl’Arca ‘d Noé dòp dël Diluvi ‘niversal. El fàit a l’é che da sempe costa tera a l’ha anciarmà ij viagiator lassandje sburdì për le soe richësse natural e uman-e o provocand sconcert con ij sò misteri. Për ij pòpoj nòmad dl’Eurasia, le sime dla region, blòc anposant ëdmontagne ch’as drissava dòp mila e mila ëd chilòmeter ëd pian, as presentavo coma na frontera tant material che mistica. Parej, për ij Persan, ël Càucas, andova mai a l’ero rivà a spantié fin-a an fond ij sò Imperi, a rapresentava la tera mítica ëd Cafcuh, ël limit misterios dël mond conossù. Sì as trovavo le sime pì aute dl’univers, dimòra ‘d demòni e teater dla rinovassion final dël mond ant la bataja dël salvator, Saoshyant, contra le fòrse dël mal dla tradission zoroastrista. Anciarmandlo con ël sò esotism, la region a l’ha sempe a ansigà l’imaginari europengh. Ij grech a consideravo ël Kaukasos coma un dle pilie ch’a tnivo ël mond an pé. La mitologia elènica a contava che Zeus a l’aveissa ancadenà ël gigant ribel Prométeus (conossù ant le legende locaj coma Amirani) pròpe ans na montagna ëd cost massiss, ël Kazbeg, coma punission për avej smonù ‘l feu a j’òmni. Sì, n’aghia a mnisia minca dì a rosié ‘l fidich ëd Prométeus, fin-a quand a l’é staita massà da Ércol. Ël mit grech pì anvosà gropà a la region a l’é col dl’eròe Giason, ch’a l’era mnù a tense ans la còsta ossidental dël Càucas con ij formidabil guerié Argònaut an serca dël toson d'òr. Ant la mìtica Còlchida, Giason a dovìa mariesse con Medea, fija dël re Eetes. An manera men prosaica, ël poeta roman Ovidi a buta ël Càucas ant la scítia an rapresentandlo coma na montagna frèida e desolà ch’a l’era l’incarnassion dla fam. Costi e d’autri mit an diso coma la region a sia sempe ëstaita lontan-a e al midem temp avzin-a coma ariferiment dla nòsta cultura. An cost sens sì, i noteroma sì che ël Càucas a l’é ëdcò la tera d’andova a l’é spantiasse la coltivassion ëd la vì e la coltura dël vin (a-i é ‘d trasse dla soa pròdussion sì dagià ant ël 6000 a. C.!). An cost sens a peul ben consideresse limit ultim ëd l’Euròpa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Religion"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ël Càucas a l’é ëdcò na crosera për tute le grande religion dla stòria dl’òm. Ant ël prim secol anans ëd Crist, lë Zoroastrism a l’é la religion dominanta dla region. Anvers ël secol IV d.C. ij pòpoj indoeuropengh a ven-o parsialment cristianisà – ël Regn d'Armènia a l’é ël prim Ëstat a adoté ël Cristianesim coma religion ofissial (301 d.C.), seguità da la Geòrgia – lòn ch’a va possé lë Zoroastrism ant na posission marginal. Con la conquista musulman-a dla Pèrsia, j’Arab a spantio ant la region l’Islam. Costa possà a sarà arneuvà da l’Imper otoman secoj pì tard. D’armarché l’intrà dël Catolicesim ant la region. Ant ël secol XV ël Vatican dël Papa Sisto IV a pija part a jë sfòrs dij Venessian d’aleansa anti-turca con la Persia, parej che dij missionari ‘d Roma as ënstalo ant ël Càucas an convertend vàire vilagi locaj, lòn ch’a crea ‘ncora ancheuj na presensa catòlica antra Geòrgia e Armenia. Gavà son, anver ël secol XVIII, l’Islam a l’era an camin a fesse religion dominanta e l’avnì dël Cristinanesim ant ël Càucas a saria stait butà an question s’a fiussa nen ëstait për l’intrà dla Russia ant la region. Con ël confront russi-otoman ant ël secol XIX, le valade Càucasiche a son traversà d’esod confessionaj: centen-e ‘d mijara ‘d musulman a bogio vers l’Imperi ottoman antrament che dij cristian a pijo la via contraria për butesse sota la protession d’jë Zar. Coma resultà ‘d sòn, as peulo trovesse micro-comunità religiose antra le pì diferente (cristian assir, vej credent ortodòss, etc.). Ancheuj sinch religion prinsipaj a definisso ‘l panorama spirutual dla region: ël Cristianesim ortodoss, col mònofisita (che a chërd che Gesù Crist a l’abia mach natura divin-a) dij Armen, l’Islam, tutun sunita e siita. Pì marginaj, ël Giudaism e ël Bodism. Cost ultim a l’é la religion offisial dla Republica federal russa ‘d Calmichia, antrament che, dòp le migrassion tacà ant j’ani 70, la presensa giudàica a resta pì che tut visibil antr j’“Ebreu ëd montagna” dël Daghestan. Ant l’ansema, donca, la region as divid antra Cristianesim e Islam, ël prim dominant an Geòrgia e Armènia, lë second ant la pì part dla CisCàucasia russa, andova fòra che Russi e Ossetin a son tuti musulman sunita, e an Aserbaigian, andova për contra a son ëd siita. An tuti ij cas a venta ten-e da ment che ël mës-cesse antr ij pòpoj a l’é stait dominant fin-a a la fin dl’URSS e donca tute coste comunità a condivido dle regole sossiaj e dij còdes ëd comportament ch’a-j gropo e a-j distinguo dai co-religionari ‘djë spassi avzin. </p><p>Ant l’ansema, ancheuj coma tut arlongh dla soa milenaria stòria, ël Càucas a resta ‘n ansema magmatich, andova pòpoj, ideje e anfluense anternassionaj a chito mai ëd bogé. Ël cròl dl’economia sovietica e ij conflit che sòn a l’ha favorì, a l’han possà senten-e ‘d mijara d’Armen, Georgian e Azer tant anver l’imigrassion anterna che a cola ‘nternassional, la pì part tutun anver la Russia, andova a son ëdcò anviarasse ij tant russi etnich dla region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stòria"><span id="St.C3.B2ria"></span>Stòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Stòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Stòria"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'antichità"><span id="L.27antichit.C3.A0"></span>L'antichità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L'antichità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: L'antichità"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El prim pòpol conossù coma abitant dla region a son ij Cimmer, nomad irànich part ëd confederassion spantià ëdcò coma ij Siit o Sarmat, padron dla part Nòrd-Ossidental ans ël Mar Ner ant ij secoj VIII-VII a.C. Soa presensa a l’é tramandà dai grec ëd Milet che ant ël secol VIII a stabilisso dle colònie arlong dla costa oriental dël Mar Nèir (Colchida). Ël Càucas a l’é an cost period dominà da pòpoj indoeuropengh. Sota d’Asurbanipal (669-627 a.C.), l'Imperi Assir a riva a fé sente soa influensa fin-a ai limit dël Grand Càucas. La CisCaucasia as treuva peuj dividùa antra ij regn d’Armènia, Albània, Còlchida e Iberia, e antra d’autri ‘ncora. Le tere ‘d costi regn a saran an mzura diferenta ancorporà dai difèrent Imperi iranian. La potensa achemide (VI-IV a.C.), lòn ch’as peul consideré coma ël prim Imperi mondial, a va ten-e ël Grand Càucas coma soa frontera setentrional. Për contra, a l’é nen ciàir ël livel ëd contròl che ij sovran persan a l’han podù esercité dzora dle popolassion dla region, j’Iver ant la part ossidental dla region e j’Alban an cola ‘nver ël Caspi. Ij sucesiv Imperi Part e Sassànid a seguito serché ‘d controlé se tere. An 95-55 a.C., sota ëd Tigran ël Grand, ël Regn armen as drissa coma imperi bon a controlé coma vassaj l’Iberia, l’Albània, la Partia, la Mesopotàmia, la Capadòcia, la Cilícia, la Síria e la Giudea. Con l’intrà dla potensa roman-a ant la region, costa a mnirà un teater dla fòrta rivalità antra Pèrsia e Roma esprimusse ant le guere Romano-Sassanide, un dij pì long confront militar dla stòria uman-a, ch’as passa sì an particular ant ël secol VI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L’Età_ëd_Mes"><span id="L.E2.80.99Et.C3.A0_.C3.ABd_Mes"></span>L’Età ëd Mes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L’Età ëd Mes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: L’Età ëd Mes"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dòp ëd sòn, ij Persan as treuvo a dovej dovré coste montagne për difendse da le invasion dij barbar del Nòrd, com j’Avar, j’Un e vàire pòpoj turcich. Da sòn a deriva la fortificassion ëd Derbent e dj’autri pont ëstrategich ans ij pass. La pression da Nòrd a tornerà con l’emersion dël regn Khasar. Ant ël midem temp, Bizansi a seguiterà d’arvendiché l’eredità roman-a an mnand diferente campagne Càucasiche, sensa për contra esse mai bon ëd ten-e la region sota sò podej. El risultà ‘d cost confront (na lession che l’Euròpa d’ancheuj a dovria motobin gabolé) a sarà ‘d doverté la pòrta aiArab (642) con la conversion ëd bon-a part ëd la region a l’Islam, marcà da la conquista ‘d Tblisi da banda ‘d Habib ibn Maslama. An cost contest, la region a servrà da pont ëd contat antra le sivilisassion bisantin-a e araba tut arlong dl’Età ‘d Mes. Ant ël secol XI ël Càucas a l’é conquistà da ij Seldgiokid, podej dominat ans la region anans che le invasion mongole a ridefinisso completament ël profil geopolitich ëd la region. </p><p>Danans a sòn, la Geòrgia dl’Età ‘d Mes a treuva ant la congiontura politica dël secol XII, marcà da la debolessa ‘d Bisansi e la pression europengha dle Crosade dzora ij Musulman dl’Orient avzin, le condission uniche e iripetibile për stabilì un podej autòcton dla region, un potent regn ch’a rivrà a campé fòra ij dominator arab e a spantié soa influensa fin-a dadlà dij confin dla region (regn ëd Davit ël Costrutor e dla Regin-a Tamar, antra 1089 e 1204). Sòn a l’é mach na parentesi ant un-a stòria ch’a l’ha semper vist dle potense foreste definì ël destin dij pòpoj locaj. Conforma, ant ij secoj apress la region a mnirà conquistà da Mongoj, Otoman, Persan e autri potentà locaj musulman. Ant ël Nòrd, le invasion dij Mongoj ant ël 1238-1239 a marco ëdcò la fin dël Regn d’Alania, fondà da j’Alan (antenà dij Ossetin d’ancheuj, a i ero rivà a tense fin-a ant ël Piemont ant ël secol V) a travers ël Càucas dël Nòrd dzora tut ël quadrant Nòrd-Ovest (ëd lòn a-i arman Ossètia dël Nord-Alania), dapuì ‘l secol ch’a fa X. Ant la sconda metà dël secol XV, quand chë la República ‘d Venessia as treuva a dominé ij comersi a travers ij Dardanej, ij diplomatich dla Serenissima a passo travers la region ansema ai sò colega dël Vatican për tenté ëd construì n'aliansa política e militar con l’Aserbaigian e la Persia, antlora sota ‘l domini dla federassion turcica dl’Ak Koyun (Moton Bianc), contra l'Imperi Otomàn. An cost period-sì l’Imperi dij Safavid a l’ha avù dle fòrt relassion comersaj con vàire Ëstat italian, na relassion ch’as arviv al di d’ancheuj ant ij rapòrt antr Italia e Aserbaigian. Dapress la conquista ‘d Constantinòpol (1453), ij regn cristian dla region a perdo contat con la sorgiss ëd soa sivilisassion. Isolà as dobijo dzora lor midem e, pian pianòt la Ciscucàsia as treuva dividùa antr l'Imperi Persan e col Otoman, antrament ch’ël Nòrd, bele chiel teren ëd confront, bin ch’ant un-a mzura ridùa, antri ij doi Imperi, a l’é dominà dai pòpoj dij Sircass e vaire etnie turciche coma cole dij Nogay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L’espansion_dl’Imper_russi_ant_la_region"><span id="L.E2.80.99espansion_dl.E2.80.99Imper_russi_ant_la_region"></span>L’espansion dl’Imper russi ant la region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L’espansion dl’Imper russi ant la region" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: L’espansion dl’Imper russi ant la region"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’espansion dl’Imperi russi ant la region a l’é a l’inissi la stòria dle relassion antra jë Slav orientaj e ‘l Granducà ‘d Mosca e ij pòpoj nòmad d’Eurasia. Ij russi, ch’a sòrto ‘n pòch për vira da le liasse ëd vasalagi ardità da l’Imper mongol, për costituisse coma grand Ëstat sentralisà, as treuvo a fé con diferente costelassion ëd federassion tribaj ch’as gropo a sò Imperi a travers an compless gieugh d’aleanse, comersi e sotomission militar. Ël tut antrament che le tere russe a seguito d’esse oget ëd rassie e invasion vaire. Avend gnun confin natural, l’incorporassion ant l’ Ëstat a dle confederassion dla stepa a sòrt coma l’unich mojen d’avej pas tut arlong dl’enorm fianc oriental dl’Imperi. Avzinandse al pendiss Nòrd dël Càucas , ij russi a treuvo dj’entità tribaj dij Sircass e dij Vainakh (Ceccen e Ingoss). Coste sossietà, sota na vernis comun-a donà da la resent islamisassion, a son marcà da na total incapassità ‘d costituì qualacassia organisassion politica stabil. An linea con la complessità ‘d la vansà russa anver l’“Orient”, sti pòpoj a ven-o tirà andrinta l’Imperi antervaland inissiative diplomatiche e ocupassion brutaj. A l’inissi, ij Zar a mando dle comunità ëd Cosàch (ciamà stanitsa) a anstalesse ai bòrd dël magma dla stepa. Peui a fan costruve dle sità: a l’inissi as trata nen ëd pì che ‘d fòrt për arparesse quand che le onde dij nòmad as ausso an moviment ëd rassia. Peui, ij fòrt as mudo an senter d’iradiassion ëd sivilisassion abità da campagnin e ovrié. As trata sì an prim leu ëd Vladikavkaz (nòm ch’as traduv coma “ël dominator dël Càucas”) fondà ant ël 1784 e Groznij (la “mnassanta”/ la “formidabil”) ant ël 1819. Pen-a che la potensa russa as fa sente ant ël Nòrd, ij georgian as ativo për oten-e l’agiut contra turch e persan. Ant ël 1783, n’ambassada a l’é mandà a Peroborgh për formalisé l’aleansa, a ‘ncamin-a ‘l period dle guere Càucasiche (1817-1864) combatùe da la Russia contra l’Imper otoman e le élite locaj sostenùe da cost Imper. Con ij Tratà ‘d Gulistan e Turkmencaj (1813 e 1828), ij Persan a cedo a la Russia la sovranità dzora ‘l Càucas meridional e ‘l Daghestan. </p><p>Tut arlongh dël secol XIX, l’impreisa russa ‘d control ëd la region a l’é marcà da vaire autre guere contra l'Imperi otoman e la Persia parej coma ‘d arvire dij pòpoj locaj. A travers costi conflit e con na formidabila euvra d’estension dla cultura europenga ant la region, la Russia a riess a instauré un-a unità antra le soe gent radicalment eterogenee e a porté anans un-a importanta modernisassion tecnica, con dle realisassion coma la strà militar, ël telégraf e le ferovie. Tiflis, residensa dël viceré che a governa ant ël nòm dël Zar a ven na capital tant econòmica che cultural ëd tuta la region. La dëscoerta d’important giassiment petrolifer ant la session càspica (ancheuj Aserbaigian) a men-a la region ëd Bako a trasformesse ant un pòl economic ëd livel mondial. A l’inissi dël secol XX, prim al mond, as anaugora l’oleodòt Bako-Batomi (1906). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piemontèis_e_Sabaud_ant_ël_Càucas"><span id="Piemont.C3.A8is_e_Sabaud_ant_.C3.ABl_C.C3.A0ucas"></span>Piemontèis e Sabaud ant ël Càucas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=9" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Piemontèis e Sabaud ant ël Càucas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Piemontèis e Sabaud ant ël Càucas"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dle pagine pòch conossiue dla stòria Càucas ica a son cole scruvue dai piemontèis. An particolar ël period dle guere Càucasiche dij Zar a sciara ativ ant la region vàire piemontèis e òm dl’Ëstat savojard ch’a ven-o a trovesse protagonista dzora cost teàter. Da costa mira a venta fé un pass andaré dato che ‘l prim piemontèis protagonista ant ël Càucas a podrìa esse stait Giovan Batista Boetti (1743-1798), che, conforma a vaire sorgiss dl’epoca, a saria rivà ant la region për fessé passé da profeta islàmich e mné ij musulman locaj an guera contra ij russi sota ‘l nòm ëd Mansor. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Figura:PhilippoPaulucci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ël General Filipp Paulucci" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PhilippoPaulucci.jpg/220px-PhilippoPaulucci.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PhilippoPaulucci.jpg/330px-PhilippoPaulucci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PhilippoPaulucci.jpg/440px-PhilippoPaulucci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption><i>ël General <b>Filipp Paulucci</b></i> </figcaption></figure> <p>Dadlà ‘d cost personagi foravia, n’autr grand òm mnù da Turin a marca la vita dël Càucas a l’inissi dl’impreisa russa ant la region. As trata dël General Filipp Paulucci (Philip Osipovich Paulucci për ij russi, Mòdena, 11 Setember 1779 – Nissa, 25 Gené 1849). Paulucci a l’é n’ofissial dl’Armada sabauda che dòp dla conquista napoleònica ‘d Turin as trasferiss sota l’Imper d'Austria (1800). Dòp quaich ani (1807), da sì a passa al servissi dl’Imper Russi, andova che a ‘rmanrà fin-a ‘nt ël 1829. An tant che ofissial dl’Armada Imperial Russa, a l'inissi dël 1809 a ven trasferì ant ël Càucas . Sì, Paulucci a gieuga un ròl sentral ant la guera contra ij Turch. Ant ël luj 1811 i lo trovoma "governator general e comandant del Còrp dla Geòrgia e della Flotija del Mar Caspi": da Tiflis a comanda le operassion contra le Armaje otoman-e (Kars) e Persan-e (Karabakh). Paulucci a ‘rman ancora ancheuj ant la memòria dla popolassion armen-a dla region ‘d Akhalkalaki për la vitòria dzora l’armaja gionta turco-persian-a e aute bërlusente bataje. Paulucci a lassa soa marca ëdcò ant la configurassion uman-a dël Càucas; a buta le base për la creassion ëd colònie cristian-e ans ël neuv limes dl’Imperi an diression dla Persia e dl’Imperi Otoman. Al midem temp as treuva ëdcò a dovej pasié dle arvire popolar. Tutun so nòm a l’é arcordà ancora ancheuj con rispet da le popolassion dla region. Dòp ëd sòn, a sarà ciamà coma consijé a la cort dla Zar e da sì a partisiperà da protagonista a la disfata ‘d Napoleon. Diplomatich avosà, a sarà nominà a Riga governator ëd le provinse baltiche ‘d Livonia e Curlandia për peui torné al servissi dël Piemont ant ël 1829 e fin-a l’ultim dij sò di. </p><p>La sbërlusanta cariera ‘d Paulucci sota ij drapò ‘d lë Zar a l’é favoria dla presensa a Petersborg an tant ch’Ambassador savoiard dël cont Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821). Bele che apresentant mach d’un sovran an esili, De Maistre a dësvulupa na rej ëd relassion ch’a va fin-a a l'Imperator Lissander I, dont a sarà consejé vaire vire, an riussend parej a creé antorn ëd chiel un sircol d’émigrés piemontèis. Antra costi-sì a-i era sò frel, Xavier de Maistre (1763- 1852), rivà an Russia ëdcò chiel an dòp/a càusa dl’invasion franseisa quand che a j’era stait angagià dagià ant an ël 1798 dal prinsi georgian Piotr Bagration ant l’Armada russa ch’a l’avia liberà Turin dai giacobin sota al comand dël Maressial Sovòròv. Ant ël 1809, De Maistre, ch’a l’era sòlit firmese con lë stranòm ëd «Bans, capitaine piémontais, servant à l'avant-garde russe», a l’é mandà ant ël Càucas con ël grad ëd colonel. Sì, l’ani apress a ‘rman gravement ferì ant la bataja d'Akaltsikhe. El nòm ëd Xavier de Maistre a gropa Alp e Càucas dzora tut da na mira literaria. Pitor e literà, de Maistre a scriv a seguit ëd soa permanensa la conta “Les Prisonniers du Càucas e” (1815). De Maistre a tira soa conta dël resocont fait-je a Vladikavkaz an 1811 dal general italian Giovanni del Pozzo (1739-1821), ch'a l'avia vivù ans la soa pel l’esperienssa dël rapiment e dla përzonia për man dij Cecen. Costa conta a sarà a la rèis d’un gener literari ch’a marcherà la cultura russa arlongh dël secol XIX, visadì ël tema dij Càucasich, misterios e crudej fieuj ëd na natura sërvaja. L’influenssa ëd De Maistre as artreuva dzora Poshkin, ch’a a publica an euvra ciamà ëdcò chila “ël përzoné dël Càucas ” (Kavkazskij Plennik) ant ël 1822. L’anfluensa a l’é direta dato che Xavier de Maistre a frequentava la cà dël poeta dagià che soa fomna, la prinsipëssa Zagriaskaja, a l’era na magna dla sposa ‘d Poshkin. Ël tema a ‘rtorna con Lermontov an 1828, da banda d’anònim "M.N." an 1838 e peui con Lev Tòlstòj an 1872, un vèir topos che d’ant la literatura russa a rivrà dcò ant l'imaginari europengh. </p><p>Ani apress, n’aut piemontèis a lassa la soa marca ant la region. As trata ‘d Vitòrio Sela (1859-1943), anvod ëd Quintin. Com alpinista e fotògraf, a pija part a tre spedission ant ël Càucas (1889, 1890, 1896), a ricòrd ëd sòn, un pich a pòrta anco’ sò nòm al di d’ancheuj. Ant ël sò viagi ant le region georgian-e ‘d Racca e Svanessia (Svaneti) Sela a pija le prime fòtò ‘d costi leu, dle imagine d’indiscutibil pregi, lòn ch’a valrà an 1890 ël prestigios Murchison Prize smonù dla Royal Geographical Society ëd Londra. Cost repertori fotografich-sì a rman coma testimonianssa straordinaria dij paesagi e dle tradission dël pòst. </p><p>Quaich ani dòp ëd Sela, da Turin a-i riva a Tiflis madamin Maria Perini (1873–1939). A l’é ‘n avosà ansegnant ëd balet, formasse sota ‘l magister d’Enrico Cecchetti (tnì a la fin secol XIX coma ël pì grand virtuos ëd balet al mond). Perini a marìa l’artista polach-georgian H. Hrynievski e, ant ël 1916, a doverta ël prim studio ëd balet ëd Tiflis. An 1920, cost’istitussion as trasforma ant la Scòla Statal ëd Dansa Classica del Teater dl’Opera e Balet ëd Tifilis, e për dj’ani a sarà sota la soa diression. An costa manera, Perini a l’ha alvà diferente generassion ëd balerin georgian (as peulo mensioné ij nòm ëd Vakhtang Chabukiani, Iliko Sukhishvili, Nino Ramishvili, Tamar Chabukiani, Soliko Virsaladze). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ël_Càucas_sovietich"><span id=".C3.8Bl_C.C3.A0ucas_sovietich"></span>Ël Càucas sovietich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=10" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël Càucas sovietich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ël Càucas sovietich"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lë sciòp dla Prima Goera mondiale a fonda la region ant un disaster ëd dimension epocaj. Antra 1914 e 1917 ël Càucas a ven un dij teater belich prinsipaij antra Imperi Russi e Otoman. D’apress a la rivolussion an 1917 le struture imperial a dròco e dòp na curta parentesi federalista (Comità spessial ëd TransCàucasia), le élite locaj a stabilisso dij Ëstat nassionaj: le republiche democratiche d'Arménia, d'Aserbaigian e Geòrgia, antrament che ant ël Nòrd na “Republica montagnin-a” dël Nòrd-Càucas a federa ij pòpoj locaj. Tute coste entità a son anvestie dël càos dla guera sivil e quand che ij bolsevich sovietich a na sortran vagnant a tombran l’un-a apress dl’autra sota al contròl dël neuv podej sovietich. A l’inissi dël 1921, el règim bolsevic, che già a controlava la Russia, a l’era riussì a buté sò omnì ëdcò al comand d’Armenia e Aserbaigian. Da coste posission ij bolsevich a van ëdcò rangé ij cont con sò vej cambrada mensevich al goern ëd Tifilis. Ij neuv dominator dla region a ‘rman-o për ëd quaich temp andecis dzora ‘l tipo d’ordin da dé për aministré na region dle pì dificile ans la tera. Dj’esperiment geopolitich a pijo forma con dle decision ëd buté su dl’entità distinguie, conforma a dij criteri diferent, ant un prosess malfé, andova che quaich pòpol a ven lassà da banda antrament che dij auti a son gropà ansema con gent bin diferente, dij autri ancora dividù antra dle unità aministrative diferente (parej che dij Ossetin, ij Lezgin ij Sircass, etc.) Costa marcassion etnica (razmeževanie) a lassa n’eredità esplosiva a j’Ëstat d’ancheuj. Ant la Sconda Guera mondial ël Càucas a l’é na sena sentral për la definission dij esit dlë scontr. Ant l’istà 1942 na gran ofensiva ‘d l’Ass investiss la region: Hitler a veul ël petròli ëd Bako, andispensabil për sosten-e la sfòrs bellich dël sò Reich. Ij ‘ncorsor alman a pijo d’assaut le sime e le valà dël gran Càucas. Quaich clan local as lassa pijé dl’arciam dla pì granda potensa mondial convint ch’a podrà campé fòra ‘l regim bolsevich. La reassion ëd Stalin, timoros che na neuva arvira musulman-a a peussa monté d’ant la region, a l’é greva e subitanea. Dël 1944 Mosca a individua na serie ‘d pòpoj (quatordes) destinà a esse punì con la deportassion - squasi doi milion, dont tuti ij Cecen-Ingoss (478.000), ij Chalmuch, ij Caraccai, ij Cabard, ij Balkar, ij Turc Meskhetin (ansema con ij Tartar ëd la Crimèa e, bin evident, le nombrose comunità alman-e spantià travers la Russia, dont ant ël Càucas) a son amnà an esili ant le stepe dla Asia sentral. Mach an 1956 ij “pòpoj punì” a saran autorisà a torné ant ij sò pais da Khrusciov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_fin_ëd_l’Union_Sovietica_e_ij_conflit_separatista"><span id="La_fin_.C3.ABd_l.E2.80.99Union_Sovietica_e_ij_conflit_separatista"></span>La fin ëd l’Union Sovietica e ij conflit separatista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=11" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La fin ëd l’Union Sovietica e ij conflit separatista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: La fin ëd l’Union Sovietica e ij conflit separatista"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Caucasus-political-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Càucas politich ancheuj con ij conflit separatista" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caucasus-political-fr.svg/220px-Caucasus-political-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caucasus-political-fr.svg/330px-Caucasus-political-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caucasus-political-fr.svg/440px-Caucasus-political-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption><i>Càucas politich ancheuj con ij conflit separatista</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Con la designassion ëd Mikhail Gorbaciov a cap dl’URSS e l’anviara ‘d la perestroika, rapidament, tute le tension e contradission ambaronasse ant la region arlong dël period sovietic a son montà an potensa, an particolar për lòn ch’a rësguarda ij confin artifissiaj trassà sota Stalin. Bin tòst ël Càucas a sarà tuta ‘n esplosion ëd nassionalism. Ant ël fërvé dël 1988, la region dl’Aut-Karabakh, popolà per la pì part d’Armen ma ‘nseria ant ij limit dl’Aserbaigian, a diciara soa secession. Quand che l’Aserbaigian a arvendica soa sovranità ans ël teritori, dle violense a sciòpo dëspertut andova ij doi pòpoj a vivo ansema, an particolar ant la capital Baku. Dòp na resiproca polissia etnica, Armen e Azeri a ‘ncamin-o na guera për ël contròl dël Karabakh. Antrament an Geòrgia, andova che ij nassionalista siovinista ëd Zviad Gamsakhurdia a l’han pià ‘l podej, le minoranse etniche osetin-e e abkhase a manifesto soa volontà ‘d nen arman-e sota ël contròl crasant ëd Tbilisi. Coma conseguensa, squasi 100.000 osetin as artreuvo pròfugh apress dij sò frej dl’Ossetia dël Nord. Coma conseguensa, sparia l’URSS da gnanca un ani, ambelessì a sciòpa ‘n autr conflit inter-etnich antra Ossetin e ij avzin Ingoss un dij “pòpoj punì” ant ël 1944): 50.000 Ingoss a l’avran da scapé da a zona dël conflit, ël distret ëd Prigorodni. Sòn, a soa vira, a campa dl’autra benzin-a ans ël feu dl’arvira dla Ceccenia, che për ij des ani a ven-e a portrà ruin-a e instabilità an tuta la region e fin-a ant ël cheur ëd la Russia. Dòp che ant ël 1994, ël govern russi, discentrà e sota contròl ossidental, a decid d’interven-e militarment, autre 200.000 person-e a l’han da abandoné soe cà. El conflit as cancrenisa con dij frequent atach ëd milissian cecen ch’a riussran a fé seurti le trope russe da la region për quaich ani. El quader regional a resta fin-a pì complicà da autre rivendicassion nassionaj – coma cole dij Sircass o dij Cosach ch’a serco d’antroduve tornaij sò vej privilegi e funsion con l’agiut ëd Mosca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_politica_ossidental:_controlé_na_crosiera_strategica_për_la_definission_dij_equilibri_mondiaij"><span id="La_politica_ossidental:_control.C3.A9_na_crosiera_strategica_p.C3.ABr_la_definission_dij_equilibri_mondiaij"></span>La politica ossidental: controlé na crosiera strategica për la definission dij equilibri mondiaij</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=12" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La politica ossidental: controlé na crosiera strategica për la definission dij equilibri mondiaij" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: La politica ossidental: controlé na crosiera strategica për la definission dij equilibri mondiaij"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El Càucas a l’é ancheuj në spassi anportant dla politica anternassional coma camp d’un “Grand gieugh” antra le grande potense, part d’un confront për la definission dij equilibri dël mond del secol XXI. Ij conflit che regolarment a lo men-o a l’onor dle crònache a son un arfless precis ëd cost confront, cit tëramòt sfògh dla pression antra faije geopolitiche ‘d portà continental. Ël fait a l’é stait che ant ij ani 1990, quand che na Russia antardocà da la choc dla fin dël còmunism a l’era nen ant la mzura ‘d podej spantié soa influensa an pien, j’Ëstat Unì, e apress a lor, l’Union Europengà (UE) an fonsion subordinà, a l’han sërcà ‘d modifiché ‘l profil strategich regional, an prim leu an antermnisend ans la strutura dij traspòrt (për esempi con ij proget TRASECA e INOGATE masentà da la UE dapuì dël1994). Ant la soa proiession ant la region, j’Ëstat Unì a serco ëd fé dël Càucas un element dël proget imperiaistich mondial consepì da Washingtòn dòp dla fin dla guera freida. L’element prinsipal ëd cost proget a la scala regional a l’é l’òleodot Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (an Turchia), un euvra contrivera e angiustificabila da na mira econòmica realisà dël 2007. Fin-a aj’ultim ani, j’american a l’han nen esità a gropé a sò gieugh la Turchia e ij sò aleà islamich dël Golf Pérsich, desideros oltra ch’ëd tajé fòra la Russia, ëdcò d’ampedì a l’Iran ëd pijé torna pé ant la region dòp squasi doi secoj ‘d marginalisassion. La prospetiva ‘d na dominassion turca a l’ha disvija pao’ atàviche ant j’Armen, fasend-ne dij combatent ancora pì aguerì e butand-jë ant la condission ëd dipendensa da la Russia ch’a caraterisa la posission anternassional d’Erevan al di d’ancheuj. </p><p>Ij Georgian, për contra, a l’han aderì an pien al proget ossidental percepì coma na garansia foresta al tentativ ëd restauré ‘l contròl ansima a le region separaiste. Parej ël supòrt econòmich ossidental a l’ha fait ëd Tbilisi na sità moderna, a la vanguardia ant ël contest regional. Për contra, l’ansema dël pais a paga le contradission d’un model artifissial anponù e ch’a l’é nen servì a arisolve ij conflit. Dapuì dël 2008, la Geòrgia a ospita la Mission Euròpenga d’Osservassion (EUMM), butà an pé da l’UE për pasié la situassion dòp dla guera ëd coj ani dantorn ëd l’Ossetia dël Sud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ël_Càucas_ancheuj_da_na_mira_geopolitica"><span id=".C3.8Bl_C.C3.A0ucas_ancheuj_da_na_mira_geopolitica"></span>Ël Càucas ancheuj da na mira geopolitica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=13" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël Càucas ancheuj da na mira geopolitica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ël Càucas ancheuj da na mira geopolitica"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Con l’ariv ëd Vladimir Potin a la guida dla Russia, na pasificassion forsà a l’é anponùa al Nòrd ëd la region. Ant ël Sud, la Geòrgia a l’ha provrà ancora a ‘rsòlve con la fòrsa ij doi conflit d’Abkhasia e Ossetia. Dël 2008 sòn a mnerà a na curta guera ch’a butrà an evidensa coma la Russia a arman l’ator prinsipal ans la sena regional. As trata d’un ròl motobin controvers. Mosca, ch’a l’è nen staita bon-a a valuté adeguatament la mzura dle mutassion geopolitiche portà da la liquidassion dël sistema sovietich, a fonda soa presensa ans un-a instrumentalisassion incontestabila dij conflit separatista ch’a blòco tuta la region. An efet, costi conflit a seguito a anvelené le relassion regionaj e con lor le possibilità ‘d dësvulup econòmich. An particolar a l’é question dël blòc ëd le ‘nfrastruture e donca dij comersi e dij contat regionaj. </p><p>A la finitiva, an tnisend da ment ij fator sivilisassional, dëdlà dla separassion Nòrd-Sud antra ij pòpoj armanù ant la Russia e le tre republiche ‘ndipendente, ël Càucas dij nòst di a peul esse divudù an quatr quadrant. An Russia, ël Nòrd-Ovest a ‘rman bin antegrà con Mosca, marcà com a l’é da na fòrta presensa ‘d popolassion slava e fòrt dij grand anvestiment fait për ij Giuegh olimpich ëd Socci ant ël 2014. Semper part ëd la Federassion Russa, ël Nòrd-Est dël Càucas as presenta coma motobin pì problematich. L’arvira e peui le guere për la pacificassion dla Cecènia a l’han lassà sò segn, fin-a se costa republica a l’é ancheuj un dij canton pì dësvlupà dël grand Ëstat. Le guere a l’han favorì l’espanssion dl’Islamism radical salafita an coste region, an creand na creussa frontera cultural antra sti soget-sì e ‘l senter federal russi. Da la banda sud, ël Sud-Ovest a l’é marcà da sò Cristianesim oriental, element fondamental dla vita ‘d Geòrgia e Armènia con la volontà ‘d soa class dirigent ëd disse part dla sivilisassion europengha. An fin, ël Sud-Est a coincid con l’Azerbaigian, marcà da la uoera perdùa con j’Armen e da le risorse donà da sò idrocarbur. Bako ëdcò a dis ëd vardé anvers l’Euròpa, tutun a l’ha na sossietà ch’a l’é pitòst an cors d’islamisassion ch’a l’ha dj’arferiment pì precis ant la Turchia, antrament che, ans ël pian politich, a ‘rman pì davzin ai pais dl’Asia sentral dadlà dël Caspi, squasi ch’a fuissa un tòch dël Toran ëstòrich migrà anver l’autra sponda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arferiment_bibliogràfich"><span id="Arferiment_bibliogr.C3.A0fich"></span>Arferiment bibliogràfich</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&veaction=edit&section=14" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Arferiment bibliogràfich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0ucas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Arferiment bibliogràfich"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M. Khodarkovsky , <i>Russia’s steppe frontier. The making of a colonial empire, 1500-1800</i>, Indiana University Press, Bloomington–Indianapolis, 2002.</li></ul> <ul><li>J. Radvanyi, N. Beroutchachvili, <i>Atlas géopolitique du Caucase. Russie, Géorgie, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan : un avenir commun possible?</i>, Éditions autrement, 2010, pp. 80.</li> <li>A. Ferrari, <i>Breve storia del Caucaso</i>, Carocci, Roma 2007, pp. 152.</li> <li>E. Hoesli. <i>À la conquête du caucase. Épopée géopolitique et guerres d’influence,</i> Syrtes, Paris, 2006, pp. 682.</li> <li>C. King, <i>The Ghost of Freedom: A History of the Caucasus,</i> Oxford University Press, New York, 2008, pp. 291.</li> <li>C. ZÜRCHER, <i>The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict and Nationhood in the Caucasus</i>, NYU Press, 2007, pp. 287</li> <li>T. De Waal, <i>The Caucasus. An introduction</i>, Oxford Uni. Press, 2010, pp. 259</li> <li>V. Ilari, M. Lo Re, T. Polo & P. Crociani, <i>Markiz Paulučči, Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole (1799–1849)</i>, Collana SISM, Roma, 2014</li> <li>G. di Francesco, <i>Mansour il profeta</i>, Il Punto, Turin, 1996, pp. 158.</li> <li>G. di Francesco, <i>Giovan Batista Boèt: un sèich piemontèis del Setsent ?</i>, “Gioventura Piemontèisa”, n.3, mars 2000, pp. 8-9.</li> <li>G. Sambonet, <i>Il profeta armato</i>, Marietti, Genova, 1992, pp. 226</li></ul> </td> <td class="nomobile" style="background: #C0E1FF; width:152px; font-size: 85%;" align="right" valign="top"> <div class="nomobile"> <div style="border:solid grey 1px; margin: 1px; padding: 2px;"> <table cellpadding="1" style="font-size:95%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Aiuto"><img alt="Aiuto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/30px-Italiancurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/45px-Italiancurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/60px-Italiancurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Wikipedia:Lese ël piemontèis">Aiuto per<br />la lettura</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is_version_spagneula" title="Ayuda"><img alt="Ayuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/30px-Spagneulcurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/45px-Spagneulcurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/60px-Spagneulcurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is_version_spagneula" title="Wikipedia:Lese ël piemontèis version spagneula">Ayuda para<br />la lectura</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reading_Piedmontese_English_version" title="Help"><img alt="Help" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cc/Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png/30px-Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cc/Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png/45px-Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cc/Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png/60px-Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reading_Piedmontese_English_version" title="Wikipedia:Reading Piedmontese English version">Help for<br />Reading</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pi%C3%B2la" title="Rintré ant la Piòla"><img alt="Rintré ant la Piòla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/30px-Blasonpms.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/45px-Blasonpms.png 1.5x, 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