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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-气候条件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候条件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>气候条件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候条件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-风暴发展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#风暴发展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>风暴发展</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-风暴发展-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关风暴发展子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-风暴发展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-形成并在悉尼以南活动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成并在悉尼以南活动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>形成并在悉尼以南活动</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成并在悉尼以南活动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-直接影响悉尼地区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#直接影响悉尼地区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>直接影响悉尼地区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-直接影响悉尼地区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-进入北部郊区并消散" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#进入北部郊区并消散"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>进入北部郊区并消散</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-进入北部郊区并消散-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-余波" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#余波"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>余波</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-余波-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关余波子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-余波-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-第二个风暴单体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二个风暴单体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>第二个风暴单体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二个风暴单体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-损失" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#损失"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>损失</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-损失-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应急响应" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应急响应"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>应急响应</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-应急响应-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1999年悉尼雹暴</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。9种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney-Hagelsturm_1999" title="Sydney-Hagelsturm 1999 – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sydney-Hagelsturm 1999" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Sydney_hailstorm" title="1999 Sydney hailstorm – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1999 Sydney hailstorm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormenta_de_granizo_en_S%C3%ADdney_de_1999" title="Tormenta de granizo en Sídney de 1999 – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tormenta de granizo en Sídney de 1999" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badai_es_Sydney_1999" title="Badai es Sydney 1999 – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badai es Sydney 1999" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="1999 ਸਿਡਨੀ ਗੜੇਮਾਰੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1999 ਸਿਡਨੀ ਗੜੇਮਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuva_de_granizo_de_Sydney_de_1999" title="Chuva de granizo de Sydney de 1999 – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chuva de granizo de Sydney de 1999" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Sydney_hailstorm" title="1999 Sydney hailstorm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1999 Sydney hailstorm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagelstormen_i_Sydney_1999" title="Hagelstormen i Sydney 1999 – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hagelstormen i Sydney 1999" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C6%B0a_%C4%91%C3%A1_Sydney_1999" title="Mưa đá Sydney 1999 – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mưa đá Sydney 1999" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4595154#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li 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div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">1999年悉尼雹暴</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1999_Sydney_hailstorm_stones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_stones.jpg/260px-1999_Sydney_hailstorm_stones.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_stones.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="296" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">风暴期间砸下的冰雹，左上角是颗直径7厘米的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E7%90%83_(%E6%9D%BF%E7%90%83)" title="赛球 (板球)">板球</a>，用于对比</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding:0px 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap;">形成</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px;">1999年4月14日下午16点25分<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%8B%89_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="諾拉 (新南威爾斯州)">诺拉</a>以北</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap;">消散時間</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px;">1999年4月14日晚上22点<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="戈斯福德">戈斯福德</a>以东近海</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding:0px 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap;">傷亡人數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px;">1（多兰斯湾近海有一人被<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a>击中而遇难）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap;">損失</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px;">投保：17亿<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%83" title="澳大利亚元">澳大利亚元</a><br />共计：23亿澳大利亚元（估计值）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0px 2px;white-space:nowrap;">影響地區</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding:0px 2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC" title="悉尼">悉尼</a>东郊</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1999年悉尼雹暴</b>（英語：<span lang="en">1999 Sydney hailstorm</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保险">保险</a>行业历史上赔偿金额最高的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="自然灾害">自然灾害</a>，对<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新南威尔士州">新南威尔士州</a>东海岸沿线造成大范围破坏。风暴于1999年4月14日下午在<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC" title="悉尼">悉尼</a>南部发展形成，然后吹袭该市东部城郊，并在夜间袭击<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="中心商务区">中心商务区</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-BM19_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>风暴沿途共降下约50万<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="公吨">公吨</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a><sup id="cite_ref-AON2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AON2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HEN1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEN1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，造成的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保险">投保</a>赔偿金额超过17亿<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%83" title="澳大利亚元">澳大利亚元</a><sup id="cite_ref-NH3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，如果包括未经投保的财产损失，估计这场风暴一共造成了价值23亿澳大利亚元的破坏<sup id="cite_ref-EMA6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COEN537_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COEN537-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这个数字超越<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1989年纽卡斯尔地震" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1989 Newcastle earthquake"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%BD%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989年纽卡斯尔地震（页面不存在）">1989年纽卡斯尔地震</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Newcastle_earthquake" class="extiw" title="en:1989 Newcastle earthquake"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1989 Newcastle earthquake</span></a></span>）</span></span>的11亿澳大利亚元保险损失，创下澳大利亚历史上保险行业赔偿数额的新纪录。此外，风暴期间有约50人受伤，<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a>还夺走了一条人命<sup id="cite_ref-BOMsevere_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOMsevere-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EMA361_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA361-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>对风暴不稳定的特点和极端特性作进一步分析后，气象部门认为风暴属<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%93" title="超级单体">超级单体</a>。风暴路径飘忽不定，给<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚气象局">澳大利亚气象局</a>的预报工作带来很大挑战，其持续时间之长、冰雹强度之大都出人意外。这起事件的另一个独特之处在于，其形成的时间和地点通常来说极少会出现类似的极端天气。<sup id="cite_ref-NH3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BM29_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM29-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="气候条件"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E5.80.99.E6.9D.A1.E4.BB.B6"></span>气候条件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：气候条件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>4月14日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC" title="悉尼">悉尼</a>周边地区的天气情况总体上较为平静，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚气象局">澳大利亚气象局</a>只测得<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="大气层">大气</a>存在很少的不稳定情况。整个大悉尼地区只记录下两起大气不稳定情况，但程度都很轻微。一股弱<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%94%8B" title="冷锋">冷锋</a>沿海岸线向北移动，位于悉尼西南方向的<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E5%B1%B1_(%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝山 (澳大利亚)">蓝山</a>出现中等程度降水。但从气象报告和数据来看，这些地区的总体大气条件“不利于”形成大规模<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4" title="雷暴">雷暴</a>天气。<sup id="cite_ref-WH99_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH99-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>从历史纪录来看，悉尼地区在这一时期形成强烈雷暴天气的情况非常罕见，更不要说保持强度并造成严重危害了<sup id="cite_ref-BMi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RL_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这导致澳大利亚气象局在风暴发展早期决定不发布警报<sup id="cite_ref-WH99_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH99-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1999年的这场雹暴是有纪录以来悉尼大都会区第2次在4月降下直径超过2厘米的冰雹<sup id="cite_ref-BoMSW_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoMSW-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，也是该市有气象纪录以来的200多年里第5次在4月受雹暴袭击<sup id="cite_ref-COL_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>澳大利亚历史上曾因雹暴屡次遭受重大损失。自1967年保险救灾组织开始记录投保赔偿损失以来，澳大利亚历史上造成破坏最严重的10场<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="自然灾害">自然灾害</a>中就有4场是雹暴，除1999年这场外，还有1986和1990年袭击悉尼的两场，以及1985年袭击<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%8F%AD" title="布里斯班">布里斯班</a>的一场。这一期间所有由自然灾害导致的投保赔偿中，有超过30%是由雹暴引起，并且这30%中又有四分之三发生在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新南威尔士州">新南威尔士州</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-NH3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1999SydHail_Map_Sth.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1999SydHail_Map_Sth.PNG/220px-1999SydHail_Map_Sth.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/1999SydHail_Map_Sth.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>风暴形成以及在悉尼南部地区上空移动的路径图，图上英语地名从上至下分别是：班迪纳、海伦斯堡、卧龙岗市和凯马</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="风暴发展"><span id=".E9.A3.8E.E6.9A.B4.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>风暴发展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：风暴发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形成并在悉尼以南活动"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90.E5.B9.B6.E5.9C.A8.E6.82.89.E5.B0.BC.E4.BB.A5.E5.8D.97.E6.B4.BB.E5.8A.A8"></span>形成并在悉尼以南活动</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：形成并在悉尼以南活动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1999年悉尼雹暴的风暴单体于澳大利亚时间4月14日下午16点25分在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%8B%89_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="諾拉 (新南威爾斯州)">诺拉</a>以北，悉尼<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%9B%98%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D" title="罗盘方位">西南偏南</a>方向约115公里上空形成。风暴形成后起初向东北方向的海岸线前进，其单体于下午17点15分左右经过<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凯马 (新南威尔士州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kiama, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E9%A9%AC_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯马 (新南威尔士州)（页面不存在）">凯马</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiama,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Kiama, New South Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kiama, New South Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span>，澳大利亚气象局这时将系统归类为“强烈”雷暴。<sup id="cite_ref-BM17_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM17-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>该组织对<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9A%B4" title="雷暴">雷暴</a>强度有专门的分级，“强烈”便是其中一个级别，这一强度雷暴可以产生<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%BE%84" title="直径">直径</a>大于或等于2厘米的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="风">阵风</a>时速至少90公里，还有可能引起山洪爆发或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%8D%B7%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="龙卷风">龙卷风</a>。风暴存在期间无论在何时达到相应强度，澳大利亚气象局都有可能用这一分级来为其分类。<sup id="cite_ref-BOMsevere_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOMsevere-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BM6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>风暴继续向东北方向移动，于下午17点25分在凯马以北不远处海岸线经过。系统强度从强烈雷暴降级后继续向海上行进了约15分钟，前进速度达到每小时约37公里。风暴于17点40分转向北上，继续沿海岸线平行移动。下午18点左右，系统在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A7%E9%BE%99%E5%B2%97%E5%B8%82_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="卧龙岗市 (新南威尔士州)">卧龙岗市</a>正东方向转向东北偏北，行进路线仍然与海岸线平行。风暴西部边缘从卧龙岗市上空经过，当地降下中等程度冰雹，澳大利亚气象局重新将系统归类为强烈雷暴。<sup id="cite_ref-BM17_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM17-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>风暴朝东北偏北方向继续沿海岸线平行移动了15分钟，由于系统完全位于海上，所以强度虽高，但并没有对沿海郊区造成严重影响。不过，风暴西部边缘于晚上19点左右再次从<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海伦斯堡 (新南威尔士州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Helensburgh, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海伦斯堡 (新南威尔士州)（页面不存在）">海伦斯堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helensburgh,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Helensburgh, New South Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Helensburgh, New South Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span>以东不远处海岸线经过，这里位于悉尼西南偏南方向仅40公里外。10分钟后，系统略朝北面转向，风暴中心于晚上19点20分钟左右从<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="班迪纳 (新南士威尔州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bundeena, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="班迪纳 (新南士威尔州)（页面不存在）">班迪纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeena,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Bundeena, New South Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bundeena, New South Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span>重回陆地上空。<sup id="cite_ref-BM18_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1999SydHail_Map_Ctr.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1999SydHail_Map_Ctr.PNG/220px-1999SydHail_Map_Ctr.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/1999SydHail_Map_Ctr.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="162" /></a><figcaption>风暴进入悉尼东部郊区上空后的行进路线，图上英语地名从上至下分别是：悉尼港、悉尼中心商务区、植物学湾和班迪纳</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="直接影响悉尼地区"><span id=".E7.9B.B4.E6.8E.A5.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D.E6.82.89.E5.B0.BC.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA"></span>直接影响悉尼地区</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：直接影响悉尼地区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>澳大利亚气象局没有向位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E6%B9%BE" title="植物学湾">植物学湾</a>北海岸的<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="悉尼机场">悉尼机场</a>发布警报，也没有提醒东部郊区其他地点做好应对大冰雹的准备。该机构以为风暴会继续向东北偏北方向进入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E6%B5%B7" title="塔斯曼海">塔斯曼海</a>，没料到系统会再次转向北上。<sup id="cite_ref-BM18_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANN4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANN4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>穿过海岸线后，风暴继续北上，于晚上19点40分经过植物学湾，并在5分钟后到达悉尼机场上空。晚上19点45分到20点05分，系统穿过植物学湾和<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%B8%AF" title="悉尼港">悉尼港</a>之间的东部郊区，悉尼东部郊区和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="中心商务区">中心商务区</a>的住宅和商业区降下大量冰雹。<sup id="cite_ref-BM18_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中一些冰雹的尺寸创下悉尼地区历史上的新纪录。有报道称东部郊区出现直径13厘米的冰雹，但经确认存在的最大冰雹直径为9厘米。<sup id="cite_ref-BMiii_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMiii-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这是悉尼在过去52年来首次出现尺寸超过8厘米的冰雹，上一次出现这种情况则要追溯到1947年悉尼雹暴<sup id="cite_ref-COL_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>风暴继续穿过悉尼港并略朝北面转向，其强度经过该港后已有所减弱，于晚上20点15分降级。澳大利亚气象局认为风暴会在穿越海港后弱化并逐渐消散，不会在北上期间继续降下大量冰雹，因此该机构没有向北部郊区发布警报。<sup id="cite_ref-BMi_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ANN4_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANN4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="进入北部郊区并消散"><span id=".E8.BF.9B.E5.85.A5.E5.8C.97.E9.83.A8.E9.83.8A.E5.8C.BA.E5.B9.B6.E6.B6.88.E6.95.A3"></span>进入北部郊区并消散</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：进入北部郊区并消散"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1999SydHail_Map_Nth.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/1999SydHail_Map_Nth.PNG/220px-1999SydHail_Map_Nth.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/1999SydHail_Map_Nth.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption>风暴穿过悉尼港后直至消散的移动路径，图上英语地名从上至下分别是：戈斯福德、棕榈海滩和悉尼港。</figcaption></figure> <p>接下来，风暴在悉尼北部郊区上空继续向北行进了20分钟，然后再度增强并又一次向西北偏北转向，重新发展出强烈雷暴的特征。澳大利亚气象局对此始料未及，该机构本以为风暴会向海上移动并消散，不会再造成更多破坏。<sup id="cite_ref-BM18_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>晚上20点50分左右，系统还在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫纳韦尔 (新南威尔士州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mona Vale, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫纳韦尔 (新南威尔士州)（页面不存在）">莫纳韦尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Vale,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Mona Vale, New South Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mona Vale, New South Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span>北海滩郊区和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98" title="棕櫚海灘">棕榈海滩</a>继续降下大量冰雹。21点刚过，风暴中心再度经海岸线进入大海上空。风暴强度基本保持不变，并继续向西北方向穿越<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%82%AF%E7%81%A3" title="布羅肯灣">布罗肯湾</a>。从晚上21点15分到21点30分，系统西部边缘对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E)" title="中海岸 (新南威爾斯州)">中海岸</a>的南部郊区构成轻微影响。<sup id="cite_ref-BM18_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>晚上21点45分左右，风暴已完全离开海岸线进入开放水域上空，再于晚上21点55分左右在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="戈斯福德">戈斯福德</a>正东方向消散。澳大利亚气象局随即将系统降级，其风暴单体到晚上22点时已完全消散。<sup id="cite_ref-BM19_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="余波"><span id=".E4.BD.99.E6.B3.A2"></span>余波</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：余波"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二个风暴单体"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E4.B8.AA.E9.A3.8E.E6.9A.B4.E5.8D.95.E4.BD.93"></span>第二个风暴单体</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：第二个风暴单体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1999_Sydney_hailstorm_radartwocells.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/7/72/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_radartwocells.png/250px-1999_Sydney_hailstorm_radartwocells.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/7/72/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_radartwocells.png 1.5x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亚气象局">澳大利亚气象局</a>4月14日晚上20点的雷达图像，显示第一场风暴位于悉尼中心商务区正上方，第二个风暴单体在海岸线以南约80公里洋面。</figcaption></figure> <p>4月14日深夜，一个规模较小的单体从之前雹暴的类似路线上经过。澳大利亚气象局没有将这一单体分入“强烈”类别，系统也没有像前一个单体那样发展成<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%93" title="超级单体">超级单体</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-WH97_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH97-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在这样的情况下，第二个单体的行进方向和模式也就更为单一并且容易预料，总体上是跟随冷锋移动，澳大利亚气象局向沿途居民发布警报，提醒大家做好防灾准备<sup id="cite_ref-WH101_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH101-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>第二个单体于晚上22点刚过不久经过悉尼上空，这时距首场风暴途经该市还只过了两小时。超级单体袭击悉尼时，第二个单体位于悉尼以南约80公里洋面。第二个单体产生暴雨，降下的冰雹中直径最大的超过2厘米。第二个单体造成的破坏大部分是因降水导致，许多房屋的屋顶被首场风暴的冰雹砸破，后一个单体的降雨因此产生了进一步破坏。当然，第二个单体产生的冰雹也导致了一定程度损失。<sup id="cite_ref-RL_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WH1034_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH1034-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="损失"><span id=".E6.8D.9F.E5.A4.B1"></span>损失</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：损失"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>悉尼地区降下的冰雹共计有约50万<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="公吨">公吨</a>，风暴沿途地区受到大面积破坏<sup id="cite_ref-AON2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AON2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HEN1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEN1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这场风暴造成的投保赔偿数额达到约17亿<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%83" title="澳大利亚元">澳大利亚元</a>，如果包括未经投保的损失，这个数字还要进一步提高到约23亿澳大利亚元<sup id="cite_ref-EMA6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COEN537_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COEN537-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果单以投保损失计，这场雹暴超过了造成约11亿澳大利亚元赔偿的1989年纽卡斯尔地震，创下有纪录以来澳大利亚自然灾害保险赔偿数额的新纪录<sup id="cite_ref-NH3_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。受重最严重的地区位于悉尼南郊到<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达令角 (新南威尔士州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Darling Point, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E4%BB%A4%E8%A7%92_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达令角 (新南威尔士州)（页面不存在）">达令角</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darling_Point,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Darling Point, New South Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Darling Point, New South Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span>之间，距悉尼海岸线约25公里<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>绝大多数损失都是由冰雹和降雨引发。约2.4万套<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85" title="住宅">住宅</a>严重受损，大颗的冰雹将屋顶砸破，导致房屋中有雨水灌入而遭受进一步破坏。风暴期间有些冰雹砸落的速度高达每小时200公里，砸伤了约7万辆汽车。<sup id="cite_ref-NH2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根据报道，悉尼机场共有23架<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E7%BF%BC%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="固定翼飞机">飞机</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="直升机">直升机</a>受冰雹重创，以致无法将之移入<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%BA%93" title="飞机库">机库</a>，遭受到风暴的进一步摧残。事后，这些情况的出现主要归咎于澳大利亚气象局没有及时发布充足的警报，该机构当时预计系统会继续向东北偏北方向进入之前到达过的塔斯曼海。<sup id="cite_ref-BM18_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>全部投保损失赔偿中，住宅区财产损失占31.8%，机动车损失占28.6%，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易">商业</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="工业">工业</a>财产损失占27.5%。航空业损失占到保险索赔金额的5.9%，其中受损的大部分都是悉尼机场那些缺乏保护的飞机，另外还有5.8%来自“业务中断”索赔，0.4%属船只受损或其他杂项索赔。<sup id="cite_ref-NH2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>风暴来袭时，距<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈金港" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Port Hacking"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%91%E6%B8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈金港（页面不存在）">哈金港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Hacking" class="extiw" title="en:Port Hacking"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Port Hacking</span></a></span>）</span></span><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多兰斯湾 (新南威尔士州)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dolans Bay, New South Wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E6%B9%BE_(%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多兰斯湾 (新南威尔士州)（页面不存在）">多兰斯湾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolans_Bay,_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="en:Dolans Bay, New South Wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dolans Bay, New South Wales</span></a></span>）</span></span>北岸约100米处有名45岁男子正在<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%93%E9%B1%BC" title="钓鱼">钓鱼</a>，由于<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5" title="闪电">闪电</a>击中了他的船，这名男子当场丧生<sup id="cite_ref-EMA6_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。风暴造成室外能见度差，许多车辆的挡风玻璃也被砸破，再加上其他一些因素的影响，当地出现多起交通事故，与飞溅的物体一起共造成50人受伤<sup id="cite_ref-EMA361_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA361-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WH1034_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH1034-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="应急响应"><span id=".E5.BA.94.E6.80.A5.E5.93.8D.E5.BA.94"></span>应急响应</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：应急响应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg/250px-1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg/375px-1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg/500px-1999_Sydney_hailstorm_cardamage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3545" data-file-height="2318" /></a><figcaption>风暴过后的悉尼郊区街头</figcaption></figure> <p>由于风暴的严重程度影响，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新南威尔士州应急服务队" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New South Wales State Emergency Service"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新南威尔士州应急服务队（页面不存在）">新南威尔士州应急服务队</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Emergency_Service" class="extiw" title="en:New South Wales State Emergency Service"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New South Wales State Emergency Service</span></a></span>）</span></span>在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新南威尔士州乡区消防局" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New South Wales Rural Fire Service"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E%E4%B9%A1%E5%8C%BA%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新南威尔士州乡区消防局（页面不存在）">新南威尔士州乡区消防局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales_Rural_Fire_Service" class="extiw" title="en:New South Wales Rural Fire Service"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New South Wales Rural Fire Service</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新南威尔士州消防队" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fire and Rescue NSW"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%97%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E5%B7%9E%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新南威尔士州消防队（页面不存在）">新南威尔士州消防队</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_NSW" class="extiw" title="en:Fire and Rescue NSW"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fire and Rescue NSW</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以及澳大利亚首都地区应急服务部的协助下共同展开救灾工作<sup id="cite_ref-NH3_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。风暴袭击悉尼仅数小时后，所有受到影响的地区都已成为“灾区”，新南威尔士州政府在州首相<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="鲍勃·卡尔">鲍勃·卡尔</a>的领导下宣布进入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E6%80%A5%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="紧急状态">紧急状态</a>，以便调控并协调州应急服务队的救灾响应工作<sup id="cite_ref-EMA4_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雹暴过去数天后，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="国防部长">国防部长</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·摩尔 (澳洲政治家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Moore (Australian politician)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94_(%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·摩尔 (澳洲政治家)（页面不存在）">约翰·摩尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moore_(Australian_politician)" class="extiw" title="en:John Moore (Australian politician)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Moore (Australian politician)</span></a></span>）</span></span>批准调遣300名<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" title="澳大利亚国防军">澳大利亚国防军</a>人员协助救灾工作，但这一协助只持续了一星期，并且救灾资源也是捉襟见肘。一个星期后，新南威尔士州政府“出人意料地”解除了州应急服务队的全面主控权，将部分地区的救灾主导权交给农村消防局和州消防队。<sup id="cite_ref-EMA4_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSMS_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSMS-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>风暴袭击悉尼后的5个小时里，州应急服务队已经收到2000通紧急求助电话，分别涉及1092起相互独立的事件<sup id="cite_ref-WA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。州应急服务队之后一共接到2万5301通求助电话，涉及1万5007起事故，新南威尔士州农村消防局也接到了1万9437通电话<sup id="cite_ref-GA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。救灾和清理工作一共动用了价值约1000万澳大利亚元的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AB%E5%B8%83" title="苫布">防水油布</a>，之后再进行长远性的修复<sup id="cite_ref-NH2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>风暴过去9天后，共计受损的12万7947幢建筑物中还有约3000幢的受损屋顶和窗户仍然没有得到临时修复，并且再过一周后仍然有部分情况依旧，这时已经有些防水油布从房屋上脱落或失效<sup id="cite_ref-NH3_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSMS_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSMS-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。灾难过去一个月后，救灾工作的重心已变成确保临时修复工作按部就班地进行，因为悉尼在这场雹暴过去后又接连遭遇了其它恶劣天气的打击<sup id="cite_ref-EMA4_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSMS_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSMS-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>对受灾地区的抽样调查表明，约有62%的建筑物屋顶、34%的窗户和53%的车辆受损<sup id="cite_ref-RL_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。悉尼西部当时正在进行<a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="2000年夏季奥林匹克运动会">2000年夏季奥林匹克运动会</a>所需要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施">基础设施</a>建设，导致当地缺少足够的交易商来承包屋顶和窗户的修复工程。估计这一期间悉尼共有4.5万到5万交易商，但由于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E5%92%8C%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="供给和需求">求远过于供</a>的影响，“许多公司在承包那些通常只需要3000澳大利亚元的屋顶修复工程时，会收取屋主1.4万澳大利亚元甚至更高的报酬”<sup id="cite_ref-WSMS_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSMS-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。针对这一情况，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E8%80%85%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="消费者保护">公平贸易</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="部长">部长</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·沃特金斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Watkins (Australian politician)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·沃特金斯（页面不存在）">约翰·沃特金斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Watkins_(Australian_politician)" class="extiw" title="en:John Watkins (Australian politician)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Watkins (Australian politician)</span></a></span>）</span></span>在风暴次日告诫业主，一定要确定那些修补住宅的承包商都是合格合法的商家<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2776" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:地球科学">地球科学主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BD%E5%AE%B3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="災害管理">灾害管理</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：脚注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BM19-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BM19_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM19_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AON2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AON2_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AON2_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steingold, <i>et al.</i> (1999), 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HEN1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HEN1_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HEN1_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henri (1999), 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NH3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NH3_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH3_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH3_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH3_4-3"><sup><b>4.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH3_4-4"><sup><b>4.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH3_4-5"><sup><b>4.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schuster, <i>et al.</i> (2005), 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMA6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMA6_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA6_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA6_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emergency Management Australia (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COEN537-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COEN537_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COEN537_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coenraads (2006), 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMsevere-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOMsevere_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOMsevere_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bureau of Meteorology (2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMA361-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMA361_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA361_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emergency Management Australia (2003), 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM29-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BM29_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH99-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WH99_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WH99_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker (2005), 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMi_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMi_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), i.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RL-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RL_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RL_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RL_12-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leigh (1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoMSW-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoMSW_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bureau of Meteorology (1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COL-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COL_14-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COL_14-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Collings <i>et al.</i> (2000).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM17-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BM17_15-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM17_15-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM6-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BM6_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM18-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BM18_17-0"><sup><b>17.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM18_17-1"><sup><b>17.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM18_17-2"><sup><b>17.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM18_17-3"><sup><b>17.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM18_17-4"><sup><b>17.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM18_17-5"><sup><b>17.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANN4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ANN4_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANN4_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Environment and Heritage (1999), iii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMiii-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMiii_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zillman (1999), iii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH97-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WH97_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker (2005), 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH101-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WH101_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker (2005), 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH1034-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WH1034_22-0"><sup><b>22.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WH1034_22-1"><sup><b>22.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitaker (2005), 103–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NSW State Emergency Service (2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NH2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NH2_24-0"><sup><b>24.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH2_24-1"><sup><b>24.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NH2_24-2"><sup><b>24.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schuster, <i>et al.</i> (2005), 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMA4-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMA4_25-0"><sup><b>25.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA4_25-1"><sup><b>25.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA4_25-2"><sup><b>25.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emergency Management Australia (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSMS-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSMS_26-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSMS_26-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSMS_26-2"><sup><b>26.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSMS_26-3"><sup><b>26.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Head (1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WA-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WA_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson (n.d.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GA_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoscience Australia (n.d.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Associated Press (1999).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation news">Australian Associated Press. Beware shonky tradespeople after hail damage: Watkins. 1999-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.atitle=Beware+shonky+tradespeople+after+hail+damage%3A+Watkins&rft.au=Australian+Associated+Press&rft.date=1999-04&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/nsw/sevwx/bolt/vol6no1/vol6no1.shtml">NSW Lightning Bolt: Volume 6 Issue 1, May 1999</a>. Bureau of Meteorology, New South Wales Severe Weather Section. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323165241/http://www.bom.gov.au/nsw/sevwx/bolt/vol6no1/vol6no1.shtml">存档</a>于2014-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft.btitle=NSW+Lightning+Bolt%3A+Volume+6+Issue+1%2C+May+1999&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology%2C+New+South+Wales+Severe+Weather+Section&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fnsw%2Fsevwx%2Fbolt%2Fvol6no1%2Fvol6no1.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/info/thunder/">Severe Thunderstorms: Facts, Warnings and Protection</a>. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830050734/http://www.bom.gov.au/info/thunder/">存档</a>于2007-08-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft.btitle=Severe+Thunderstorms%3A+Facts%2C+Warnings+and+Protection&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Finfo%2Fthunder%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Coenraads, Robert. Natural Disasters And How We Cope. Victoria, Australia: The Five Mile Press. 2006: 228–9, 537. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-74178-212-0" title="Special:网络书源/1-74178-212-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-74178-212-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Coenraads%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=Natural+Disasters+And+How+We+Cope&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-74178-212-0&rft.pages=228-9%2C+537&rft.place=Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pub=The+Five+Mile+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Collings, Anne, Lee, Lynette. Sydney hailstorms: the health role in the recovery process. The Medical Journal of Australia: 173. 2000: 579–582.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Collings%2C+Anne%2C+Lee%2C+Lynette&rft.btitle=Sydney+hailstorms%3A+the+health+role+in+the+recovery+process&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=579-582&rft.pub=The+Medical+Journal+of+Australia%3A+173&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Department of the Environment and Heritage. Bureau of Meteorology Annual Report 1998-99. Commonwealth of Australia. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Department+of+the+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.btitle=Bureau+of+Meteorology+Annual+Report+1998-99&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Emergency Management Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318124458/http://www.ema.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/%281FEDA2C440E4190E0993A00B7C030CB7%29~Hazards%2B7th%2Bed.pdf/%24file/Hazards%2B7th%2Bed.pdf">Hazards, disasters and your community</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Canberra, Australia: Emergency Management Australia. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-18</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-921152-01-X" title="Special:网络书源/1-921152-01-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-921152-01-X</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ema.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(1FEDA2C440E4190E0993A00B7C030CB7)~Hazards+7th+ed.pdf/$file/Hazards+7th+ed.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2009-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Emergency+Management+Australia&rft.btitle=Hazards%2C+disasters+and+your+community&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-921152-01-X&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Emergency+Management+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.gov.au%2Fagd%2FEMA%2Frwpattach.nsf%2FVAP%2F%281FEDA2C440E4190E0993A00B7C030CB7%29~Hazards%2B7th%2Bed.pdf%2F%24file%2FHazards%2B7th%2Bed.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation report">Emergency Management Australia. Operations Archive: 14 April 1999 Sydney Hailstorm Damage (报告). Australian Government — Attorney-General's Department. 2004-08-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Emergency+Management+Australia&rft.btitle=Operations+Archive%3A+14+April+1999+Sydney+Hailstorm+Damage&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Australian+Government+%E2%80%94+Attorney-General%27s+Department&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Emergency Management Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129074255/http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/9d804be3fb07ff5cca256d1100189e22/a6c8fbcd32f86573ca256d3300058036?OpenDocument">Sydney, NSW: Severe Hailstorm (incl Lightning)</a>. Australian Government — Attorney-General's Department. 2006-09-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/9d804be3fb07ff5cca256d1100189e22/a6c8fbcd32f86573ca256d3300058036?OpenDocument">原始内容</a>存档于2012-01-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Emergency+Management+Australia&rft.btitle=Sydney%2C+NSW%3A+Severe+Hailstorm+%28incl+Lightning%29&rft.date=2006-09-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Australian+Government+%E2%80%94+Attorney-General%27s+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.gov.au%2Fema%2Femadisasters.nsf%2F9d804be3fb07ff5cca256d1100189e22%2Fa6c8fbcd32f86573ca256d3300058036%3FOpenDocument&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Geoscience Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070921124029/http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/projects/nrap/sydney_hailstorm1.jsp">Sydney hailstorm</a>. Australian Government. n.d. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-09-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/projects/nrap/sydney_hailstorm1.jsp">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Geoscience+Australia&rft.btitle=Sydney+hailstorm&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Australian+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Furban%2Fprojects%2Fnrap%2Fsydney_hailstorm1.jsp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news">Head, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/04/syd-a23.html">Mounting anger over Sydney hailstorm disaster</a>. World Socialist Web Site. 1999-04-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323172132/http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/04/syd-a23.html">存档</a>于2014-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.atitle=Mounting+anger+over+Sydney+hailstorm+disaster&rft.au=Head%2C+Mike&rft.date=1999-04-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F1999%2F04%2Fsyd-a23.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Henri, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318124456/http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/viewasattachmentpersonal/%28C86520E41F5EA5C8AAB6E66B851038D8%29~The_Sydney_hailstorm_the_insurance_perspective.pdf/%24file/The_Sydney_hailstorm_the_insurance_perspective.pdf">The Sydney hailstorm: the insurance perspective</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Australian Government — Attorney-General's Department. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/EMA/rwpattach.nsf/viewasattachmentpersonal/(C86520E41F5EA5C8AAB6E66B851038D8)~The_Sydney_hailstorm_the_insurance_perspective.pdf/$file/The_Sydney_hailstorm_the_insurance_perspective.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2009-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Henri%2C+Christopher&rft.btitle=The+Sydney+hailstorm%3A+the+insurance+perspective&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Australian+Government+%E2%80%94+Attorney-General%27s+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalsecurity.gov.au%2Fagd%2FEMA%2Frwpattach.nsf%2Fviewasattachmentpersonal%2F%28C86520E41F5EA5C8AAB6E66B851038D8%29~The_Sydney_hailstorm_the_insurance_perspective.pdf%2F%24file%2FThe_Sydney_hailstorm_the_insurance_perspective.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Leigh, Roy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riskfrontiers.com/nhq/nhq5-2tables.htm">The April 1999 Sydney Hailstorm</a>. National Hazards Quarterly, Macquarie University. 1999-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223032903/http://www.riskfrontiers.com/nhq/nhq5-2tables.htm">存档</a>于2014-02-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Leigh%2C+Roy&rft.btitle=The+April+1999+Sydney+Hailstorm&rft.date=1999-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Hazards+Quarterly%2C+Macquarie+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riskfrontiers.com%2Fnhq%2Fnhq5-2tables.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">NSW State Emergency Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091025170647/http://www.ses.nsw.gov.au/infopages/2497.html">The largest hailstorm in our history</a>. New South Wales Government. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-10-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ses.nsw.gov.au/infopages/2497.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-10-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=NSW+State+Emergency+Service&rft.btitle=The+largest+hailstorm+in+our+history&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ses.nsw.gov.au%2Finfopages%2F2497.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Schuster, Sandra; Blong, Russell; Leigh, Roy; McAneney, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/5/613/2005/nhess-5-613-2005.pdf">Characteristics of 14 April 1999 Sydney hailstorm based on ground observations, weather radar, insurance data and emergency calls</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2005-08-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183633/http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/5/613/2005/nhess-5-613-2005.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2012-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Blong%2C+Russell&rft.au=Leigh%2C+Roy&rft.au=McAneney%2C+John&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.aulast=Schuster&rft.btitle=Characteristics+of+14+April+1999+Sydney+hailstorm+based+on+ground+observations%2C+weather+radar%2C+insurance+data+and+emergency+calls&rft.date=2005-08-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Natural+Hazards+and+Earth+System+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net%2F5%2F613%2F2005%2Fnhess-5-613-2005.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Steingold, Malcolm, Walker, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015125434/http://www.aon.com.au/pdf/reinsurance/Aon_Sydney_Hailstorm.pdf">Sydney Hailstorm 14 April 1999: Impact on Insurance and Reinsurance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Aon Re Australia Limited. 1999-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-10-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aon.com.au/pdf/reinsurance/Aon_Sydney_Hailstorm.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2009-10-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Steingold%2C+Malcolm%2C+Walker%2C+George&rft.btitle=Sydney+Hailstorm+14+April+1999%3A+Impact+on+Insurance+and+Reinsurance&rft.date=1999-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Aon+Re+Australia+Limited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aon.com.au%2Fpdf%2Freinsurance%2FAon_Sydney_Hailstorm.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Whitaker, Richard. Australia's Natural Disasters. Sydney, Australia: Reed New Holland. 2005: 97, 99–104. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-877069-04-3" title="Special:网络书源/1-877069-04-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-877069-04-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Richard&rft.btitle=Australia%27s+Natural+Disasters&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-877069-04-3&rft.pages=97%2C+99-104&rft.place=Sydney%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Reed+New+Holland&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Wilson, Pip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.easybib.com/research/index/related?search=%22Broadway+World%22&list_id=CLD2_7f38a26a-5195-4c47-b357-5d1f971f8e36&main_citation_id=easybib_CLD2_4fe0ccc1-67f8-478e-8545-57c9032231ab&medium=on_line&filters%5Bsource%5D=image">14 April</a>. Wilsons Almanac. n.d. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305205302/http://research.easybib.com/research/index/related?filters%5Bsource%5D=image&list_id=cld2_7f38a26a-5195-4c47-b357-5d1f971f8e36&main_citation_id=easybib_cld2_4fe0ccc1-67f8-478e-8545-57c9032231ab&medium=on_line&search=%22broadway+world%22">存档</a>于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Pip&rft.btitle=14+April&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wilsons+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.easybib.com%2Fresearch%2Findex%2Frelated%3Fsearch%3D%2522Broadway%2BWorld%2522%26list_id%3DCLD2_7f38a26a-5195-4c47-b357-5d1f971f8e36%26main_citation_id%3Deasybib_CLD2_4fe0ccc1-67f8-478e-8545-57c9032231ab%26medium%3Don_line%26filters%255Bsource%255D%3Dimage&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Zillman, Dr. John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/storms/sydney_hail/hail_report.shtml">Report by the Director of Meteorology on the Bureau of Meteorology's Forecasting and Warning Performance for the Sydney Hailstorm of 14 April 1999</a>. Bureau of Meteorology. 1999 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070903064537/http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/storms/sydney_hail/hail_report.shtml">存档</a>于2007-09-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&rft.au=Zillman%2C+Dr.+John&rft.btitle=Report+by+the+Director+of+Meteorology+on+the+Bureau+of+Meteorology%27s+Forecasting+and+Warning+Performance+for+the+Sydney+Hailstorm+of+14+April+1999&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Finside%2Fservices_policy%2Fstorms%2Fsydney_hail%2Fhail_report.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B9%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005023240/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/sevwx/14april1999.shtml">澳大利亚气象局对这场雹暴的总结</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1999年悉尼雹暴&oldid=79009210">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1999年悉尼雹暴&oldid=79009210</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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