CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913528874e91406a',cH: 'YMIJFTuHV8P07kFU.9GM8H2IUrJmzp93ASGpxEfHH5w-1739788816-1.2.1.1-nNGD3e5J4Upg01.ZB6sdXdjKGTzQDdKX7yip9WGE9vBHqHqHI87QbMuKtHQ7NTVn',cUPMDTk: "\/14287\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=wti2MlzftaYgTplPecL4kObwaoAVvvIz4_3LI1XVsAc-1739788816-1.0.1.1-ZfvXDv6sd6eJKFiBY3uxTOletT4zjwF6aEgtFXIlOA8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739788816',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/14287\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=wti2MlzftaYgTplPecL4kObwaoAVvvIz4_3LI1XVsAc-1739788816-1.0.1.1-ZfvXDv6sd6eJKFiBY3uxTOletT4zjwF6aEgtFXIlOA8",md: "ZEUUnMIpjJG_6eqKbvDXzvO0B78NMDQLXUjmE7v9sLM-1739788816-1.2.1.1-PjnkH7EV3nCZo6td3zhBhKdm_haQ5Rv8DoNqOkHXleHKZi.g.W5FhiTtVzCRoxszCxoJK8dO_z8mK2ME9DEr6I7B0I5nQowqARkTprqo6PEHDhqU95kWHIvf8cFiOyXnndZAiTIv6pZxsLicIBjoa_hWnEVJ4zwzt1q.7KWmO_kTYzpKahDELAufs0PuLyw04u_TgaPuZvp2LA7BmPQQHoUgopdKrTOrR2GnPgcXhNOopuYlx6gUcP.oKHtt1EU6d75JvW632BX63.w_122NrTxvANimhnGsMBG5T9n7RQyVQ47JuS5QOrHGpwwi_bREmaT894P8pq7L2GwM4QNXIsznmeu6FYLN4EQLXSDfzcrDfDGsGTRFEASM7daAphiJiyrqUWOfEclCChniqPjiiKr1srpEWV3dAO8YX6ZBGEV0ahZTFF9kALGNQTuGDT2bPurU1tU2FXzGmwHLvLYcgnyD9I8goI_Klb1DmDdozQOughBIAAUymJ3te3HgPhjZ2bMPt1ulGgygRoo9zmc0YxmBu2B2dxtQvaEi3vTTlWdxlMZEHz99h60so9e4.8BRdzzGyeJYGtTL3sTA_Bm7Dsznwe0cFnAd6jKnjWjOIl18UZUsVBTdxRtjc9RYlj906ZpWH3ILH7x7xXpljZnciMCbyjcW_qfUlxBnRTa6hwgMzuvVzJ7_s2ERzUsYcqmQ971imuPlnfWjmxenO3Dtn6xNoUyblRjjbTqdznV4x9yWLOQRhgMSiCFfQBNcgk8jlkvc97rZzatpXZk_AUkiU0WqQk.rkWNxVz3BvpizA2bg4tYRdEgpg7s22ok3Pxf49yxLNKElJaLMdB4_u.N4asBC9_Q1gln.4iTyw6xM5L_v92apZp43SXv.DjOAFduOFfrHt3cGIpNLrWHUbGdNrXcA37KbIrDEdGTsGzeDc6bdo2Gqcr1StBoPfWypiIv3umuMbv7iJw0jEW3_.i3xXGml7Aaj9xwohVnfUyJFWPBZ2Hz4ej06m7uyS2bAj5lVAS0y0ncrmjimlL_G_V7.apU4_55hVvaqbUSPf_LEpq6qEzr4YaRoZvrer68aTNQH8VrGXrggOU92iHRbF_.En6TaJf0_thjALFcuvcnRf.hLXxDRXG0LwMqCCnbZbdxyYMwT2Ntn_lJVNqcO40yh.aEI31FB5Nw6yj3Oqc7woSXM6SQFd6A6nfGxhzG0frmCpMv6RDbivQTSSRi5V2uob.8UJLAxgl05Ue4trmBOHxBWvL8J3fOEIYwVjU1OF4pKDkpT3Xq9UHL_HtCI9uqvrhhaA.yxuNE9fnasKFEzxvbOZ8yk.ocwElkhyRnvq4UD7HTpKYNYQWWUIYwrsb7Xq24sLAyIGhKsWdx9LZXeN8aNDmcbCL8pcCx82LgbPKhT01XGvm5Z.NqqaUdOGSnZ40nBxWqNT1N0gvvDhqwaSI4SnUmFB364raGGdm0YEZmdoIq0HzSuG3Bv37OzGaDAof_kYXzWQ6qWpAzoqAn.45vwij5VlZtA18ff9cpdoGH9L1Y50NatkLJWfkW2aYT4EIqGnlWJfGqeWvRSKi08Po3DYmiEWUDjjk1IZbu3eGYibTvezlvbnEv7lLvok6yY7v8_0nWULCL83FLGu4tNGZhNBy7wmPk4u8nsFENCG8P5qPk8St38gjHV7FOFEaQ50YJSf8XVXcEIBQABeXeUIez6efA8Bw0D4myLO_ZPh0c7i7l9ZkQhflc8.ZEvQKEf3bvM6zP.zhYXDLexw3lEa_5mn8VGyledB5tQGO7tAGKv9Lt6HcP3ku2O_eR9x0qzUZFnM1Fp_usds82agE3hFh43fsONsZAGqTnVKZm..1xTkK6NLTXrpOWrF9YGGjHrGEaaa8K34asyPH80oPPu6VU",mdrd: ".0fXQLyHlIn2S.CJWVRiSHvdxYNj3dk3UeTfscqB4jk-1739788816-1.2.1.1-FsJLpmMj_HFN1MYi18sbFyvGHFF38j_y25AtgpFeCEE1_5S0x3uAcluYduBO0HXWZN7rF7btQ4H8TCFhSicHFF1pjsWbx2o1YZoOYUvHblycitzVSY.rpczbq4OhB0K6T4ajuR_gZxCNcBL1DFOjK0ic9yB8zoBv2D_xfLUaM6ueciCxNiOod5nDcpU7kdyqd9AwEYYiEO6y788GRZEcxEH.U9Z7rTmpKkSFlgEpek37Q4e936n3kTa2PRpJZPVF5ijp2mkD_PEmwPzSeBxA.kjSUJ9G.1V0I42vYFWlSrqZ4FqC0B.X1LLTX4LqiEqDKYxQMa6OPnOxh4eH7cKtFysDH9_37a3kKg94n03hr7ZaL50PWu3VdhgirmDPvxseiPdoD7F.tRAmpqP3jTy2lfDM2mM4B602C8lLotNkt2GQ41D578ndKJMKRb1TieUaabt7ZlXwpix4OY.jhy_cEkV5s97sangE7Zr7Y8Q2fPpvhVEy7Nt7Sj_lt1WhZSxZiNE7X742kz6fKnY4igcryb.aDvWC1xSbqbY0EKuyEf4spFYILEvmpiUFXWuiwi0bHpqBdr8XjigAZaQ05JggHpDUkU2CsCOZLaTwPQVmIMbiJH86N3IApUEpBUwNqrRy9m6Z5EzaoqBce6lk74amruy1IPXR0WxUtLSCcjscrgVxN8PYJHgyct61R9x0J5OyWPNGMdfEoHNrBlsDVoFx2lWHV9aGrzzF25uCF0eVgVGmg36rmuYfL0Q5MZKFulNVxafHLo69D3OBOlqng3lAEsBPLb3NTssuXIQ15jxqZkJPPv8BtWRQ7Fxb17yuAwyCz1xa_ENmI6vA06M.qqBuHvxhheLjIqX3GFZRXW95pIBRHhQWTFeHfpkOFWYUkMf4E6Mkhb2nr7AWI.KKmNVJOlc348NGZLcAgiNk1ZvzORWakjZHG1gbWLALmqo1l_tlW..zr6x2qhYf4uuqE1eGRsH4BPhSpyCAAVae7jnml4bkpJ2y6hEctguHkYbF1Io.BZmYQ52K4C_Als0_TJFMfWHqFifbqWQHV6p2CiyLXgstznPl9iFKNoRAGl3sotHT.yAsPTqw1j0M8kA0.Xp_YzWFpHXmfafKIMB7lXWXI6AHBbc1wDIkB.GRlGB_OtIcsymkLxzoWTobyCAvsExNsLYJ67qqbugm5yr8fmqWcoMo0LxCqFQrG34gm0uSeQMHp5W_KqrWVDRKclRaVVE6NVthxcykJB.cSVd0.5dNcSsaPAh3F4Kw.cubDqRBY21SAtV53.kIDsNK6ZJxKqISuoconCZbZWnofluskghOhHZqn9JFtCIjW4v2f7uYX3UYND9Hv2X6uswhgTTPjSZfJOoMJwwjf5fX7bVBjdWF55eWY1vHEXpd1VsFavCyibVLebzh8vf2riKogATSz1E1CbDNwMHKQkrGdZsEW_iSdLli626y0ckJaw4wpfD_WroztQl7wd6HtOuTdW1MMWL3i8I9y6h.SqH2PBB_NU.wQM3HJvGmlf9zSe.ljb_4ANMYNOrWCMx3Z8SAho9PrJmr6iZy4krlpRJwQQ.ipgM9zwschl2cbWnPZRcvsAukYxAcZ3ub7k8ywBUzHstn1qSwAWn.AotXwyepH5ez3p7o3nNvOpOVCQ9lx4x06s1HZpr0NXX76cv_ypjY5booN_lV2lI5YtNk3Uw8qqlnYsnepJ1002Y0qk39t1fMTbgbaL76UhhoiXx.eksB3t5TzCn_mD25fp_EYvmMfbD4xrn7xpFk..7xR15OPJgsF5IDalq2LoUOm3GRLTWNgaAK1_MXPOediixPPhcJOdbKF5hQ6fXwCSoI_qJgfmy5xYNeNM0sTV._MjkHR5qxNA..bKs6NzL6WhWFH7g8XDTzjJQC2uT2k1zcONZ3BEoxtClCCCWflZA1phlsCv5jv3x290SCp0.DleUwRsmyP6xjhtWXH24"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913528874e91406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/14287\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=wti2MlzftaYgTplPecL4kObwaoAVvvIz4_3LI1XVsAc-1739788816-1.0.1.1-ZfvXDv6sd6eJKFiBY3uxTOletT4zjwF6aEgtFXIlOA8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>