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aria-controls="toc-Qualified_candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Qualified candidates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Qualified_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_registered_presidential_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_registered_presidential_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Main registered presidential candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_registered_presidential_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mohamed_Morsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mohamed_Morsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mohamed Morsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mohamed_Morsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmed_Shafik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmed_Shafik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ahmed Shafik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmed_Shafik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khaled_Ali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khaled_Ali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Khaled Ali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khaled_Ali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mohammed_Salim_Al-Awa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mohammed_Salim_Al-Awa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Mohammed Salim Al-Awa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mohammed_Salim_Al-Awa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hisham_Bastawisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hisham_Bastawisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Hisham Bastawisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hisham_Bastawisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amr_Moussa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amr_Moussa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Amr Moussa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amr_Moussa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamdeen_Sabahi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamdeen_Sabahi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Hamdeen Sabahi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamdeen_Sabahi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Minor candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disqualified_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disqualified_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Disqualified candidates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Disqualified_candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Disqualified candidates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Disqualified_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_disqualified_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_disqualified_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Main disqualified candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_disqualified_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hazem Salah Abu Ismail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayman_Nour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayman_Nour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ayman Nour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayman_Nour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khairat_El-Shater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khairat_El-Shater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Khairat El-Shater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khairat_El-Shater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omar_Suleiman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omar_Suleiman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Omar Suleiman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omar_Suleiman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_disqualified_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_disqualified_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Minor disqualified candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_disqualified_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrawn_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawn_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Withdrawn candidates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Withdrawn_candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Withdrawn candidates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Withdrawn_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mohamed_ElBaradei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mohamed_ElBaradei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mohamed ElBaradei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mohamed_ElBaradei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AbdElazim_Negm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AbdElazim_Negm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>AbdElazim Negm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AbdElazim_Negm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bothaina_Kamel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bothaina_Kamel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bothaina Kamel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bothaina_Kamel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saad_El-Soghayar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saad_El-Soghayar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Saad El-Soghayar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saad_El-Soghayar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opinion polls</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opinion polls subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Runoff_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Runoff_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Runoff polls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Runoff_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Favorability_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Favorability_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Favorability ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Favorability_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_round_results_by_governorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_round_results_by_governorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Second round results by governorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_round_results_by_governorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_election_interference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_election_interference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Claims of election interference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_election_interference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Presidential powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Egyptian presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_2012" title="انتخابات الرئاسة المصرية 2012 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة المصرية 2012" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%95%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B5_(2012)" title="Прэзідэнцкія выбары ў Егіпце (2012) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэзідэнцкія выбары ў Егіпце (2012)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_%C3%84gypten_2012" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in Ägypten 2012 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in Ägypten 2012" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Egipto_de_2012" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Egipto de 2012 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Egipto de 2012" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B2)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری مصر (۲۰۱۲) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری مصر (۲۰۱۲)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_%C3%A9gyptienne_de_2012" title="Élection présidentielle égyptienne de 2012 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle égyptienne de 2012" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%EB%85%84_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="2012년 이집트 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2012년 이집트 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_in_Egitto_del_2012" title="Elezioni presidenziali in Egitto del 2012 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali in Egitto del 2012" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_(2012)" title="הבחירות לנשיאות מצרים (2012) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות מצרים (2012)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_(2012)" title="ეგვიპტის საპრეზიდენტო არჩევნები (2012) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგვიპტის საპრეზიდენტო არჩევნები (2012)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_2012" title="انتخابات رياسة مصر سنة 2012 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انتخابات رياسة مصر سنة 2012" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptische_presidentsverkiezingen_2012" title="Egyptische presidentsverkiezingen 2012 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Egyptische presidentsverkiezingen 2012" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="2012年エジプト大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2012年エジプト大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_Egypt_2012" title="Presidentvalget i Egypt 2012 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i Egypt 2012" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Egipcie_w_2012_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Egipcie w 2012 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Egipcie w 2012 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_no_Egito_em_2012" title="Eleição presidencial no Egito em 2012 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial no Egito em 2012" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5_(2012)" title="Президентские выборы в Египте (2012) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в Египте (2012)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptin_presidentinvaali_2012" title="Egyptin presidentinvaali 2012 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Egyptin presidentinvaali 2012" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:300px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2012 Egyptian presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/50px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/75px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/100px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2005_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2005 Egyptian presidential election">2005</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>23–24 May 2012 (first round)<br /><span class="nowrap">16–17 June 2012 (second round)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2014 Egyptian presidential election">2014</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">46.42% (first round) <br />51.85% (second round)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #A7CF40;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg/108px-Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg/163px-Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg/217px-Mohamed_Morsi_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DCDCDC;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png/112px-Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png/169px-Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png/225px-Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="619" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Candidate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>13,230,131</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">12,347,380 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>51.73%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">48.27% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg/300px-2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg/450px-2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg/600px-2012_Egyptian_presidential_election_by_governorate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="873" /></a></span><div>Second round results by governorate <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Morsi</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a7cf40; color:black;"> </span> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8baf2c; color:black;"> </span> 60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#718e24; color:black;"> </span> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5c741d; color:white;"> </span> 80–90%</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Shafik</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bdbdbd; color:black;"> </span> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#969696; color:black;"> </span> 60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#737373; color:white;"> </span> 70–80%</div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>Head of state before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hussein_Tantawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hussein Tantawi">Mohamed Hussein Tantawi</a> <br /> <small><i>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces of Egypt">Military Council</a></i></small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected Head of state</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:18.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt" title="Politics of Egypt">Politics of Egypt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_(Official).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_%28Official%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">Member State of the African Union</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;;padding-top:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Egypt" title="Constitution of Egypt">Constitution</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Egyptian_Constitution" title="History of the Egyptian Constitution">history</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Egypt" title="List of presidents of Egypt">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Egypt" title="List of prime ministers of Egypt">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Mostafa Madbouly</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Egypt" title="Cabinet of Egypt">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly%27s_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mostafa Madbouly's ministry">Mostafa Madbouly's ministry</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Parliament</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Egypt)">Speaker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="List of speakers of the House of Representatives (Egypt)">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hanafy_El_Gebaly" title="Hanafy El Gebaly">Hanafy El Gebaly</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Senate</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Egypt" title="Judiciary of Egypt">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Constitutional_Court_(Egypt)" title="Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt)">Supreme Constitutional Court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Supreme_Constitutional_Court_(Egypt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt) (page does not exist)">Chancellor</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Marie" title="Saeed Marie">Saeed Marie</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Egypt" title="Subdivisions of Egypt">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Egypt">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Egypt" title="Subdivisions of Egypt">Subdivisions</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Egypt" title="Elections in Egypt">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2018_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2018 Egyptian presidential election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2023 Egyptian presidential election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2020_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Egyptian parliamentary election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2025 Egyptian parliamentary election"><i>2025</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendum: <a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2019</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of political parties in Egypt">Political parties</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_former_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of former political parties in Egypt">former</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Egypt" title="Foreign relations of Egypt">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sameh_Shoukry" title="Sameh Shoukry">Sameh Shoukry</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Egypt" title="List of diplomatic missions of Egypt">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Egypt" title="List of diplomatic missions in Egypt">in Egypt</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_passport" title="Egyptian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Egyptian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Egyptian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Egypt" title="Visa policy of Egypt">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" 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.sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #FF0000;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#FF0000;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg/75px-Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg/113px-Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg/150px-Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="896" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#FF0000;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Mohamed Morsi</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Early_life_and_education" title="Mohamed Morsi">Early life and education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Beliefs" title="Mohamed Morsi">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Personal_life" title="Mohamed Morsi">Personal life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Death" title="Mohamed Morsi">Death</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#President_of_Egypt" title="Mohamed Morsi">Presidency</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2012 Egyptian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinai_(2012)" title="Operation Sinai (2012)">Operation Sinai (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constituent_Assembly_of_2012" title="Egyptian Constituent Assembly of 2012">Egyptian Constituent Assembly of 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constitution_of_2012" title="Egyptian Constitution of 2012">Egyptian Constitution of 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 Egyptian coup d'état</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Qandil_Cabinet" title="Qandil Cabinet">Government</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mekki" title="Mahmoud Mekki">Mahmoud Mekki</a> (Vice President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesham_Qandil" title="Hesham Qandil">Hesham Qandil</a> (Prime Minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Ali" title="Yasser Ali">Yasser Ali</a> (Official Spokesperson)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2013 Rabaa massacre">August 2013 Rabaa massacre</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Supporters</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Coup_Alliance" title="Anti-Coup Alliance">Anti-Coup Alliance</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Opponents</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Egypt)" title="National Salvation Front (Egypt)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarod" title="Tamarod">Tamarod</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Family</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naglaa_Mahmoud" title="Naglaa Mahmoud">Naglaa Mahmoud</a> (spouse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Morsi" title="Abdullah Morsi">Abdullah Morsi</a> (oldest son)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg/150px-Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg/225px-Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg/300px-Mohamed_Morsi_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="143" /></a></span> </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_President_of_Egypt.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_President_of_Egypt.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_President_of_Egypt.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mohamed_Morsi" title="Template:Mohamed Morsi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mohamed_Morsi" title="Template talk:Mohamed Morsi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mohamed_Morsi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mohamed Morsi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Presidential elections were held in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in 2012, with the first round on 23 and 24 May 2012 and the second on 16 and 17 June. They were the first democratic presidential elections in Egyptian history. The <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> declared early 18 June 2012, that its candidate, <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>, won Egypt's presidential election, which would be the first victory of an <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> as head of state in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the second presidential election in Egypt's history with more than one candidate, following the <a href="/wiki/2005_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2005 Egyptian presidential election">2005 election</a>, and the first presidential election after the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a> which ousted president <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>. However, Morsi's presidency was brief and short-lived. He later faced <a href="/wiki/June_2013_Egyptian_protests" title="June 2013 Egyptian protests">massive protests for and against his rule</a>, only to be ousted in a <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">military coup</a> in July that year. </p><p>In the first round, with a voter turnout of 46%, <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">vote-splitting</a> between the major <a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">moderate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">pro-democracy</a> candidates created a <a href="/wiki/Center_squeeze" title="Center squeeze">center squeeze</a>, leading to the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> (the likely <a href="/wiki/Majority-preferred_candidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority-preferred candidate">majority-preferred candidate</a>) in the first round. The elections set the stage for the divisions that were to follow, along sharia and secular lines, and those opposed to and those supporting the former political elite. Islamist candidates Morsi and Fotouh won roughly 42% of the vote, while the remaining three secular candidates won 56% of the vote. Candidates Shafik and Moussa held positions under the Mubarak regime and won 35% of the vote, while Sabahi was a prominent dissident during the Sadat and Mubarak regimes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the second round, with a voter turnout of 52%, on 24 June 2012, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>'s election commission announced that <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> candidate Mohamed Morsi had won Egypt's presidential elections. Morsi won by a narrow margin over <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a>, the final prime minister under deposed President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>. The commission said Morsi took 51.7% of the vote versus 48.3% for Shafik.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_News.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_News.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morsi was sworn in on 30 June 2012. To date, this is the last (and only) presidential election in Egyptian history which is broadly considered to have been democratically free and fair.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morsi's victory also marked the first time civilians ruled Egypt since the <a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 coup</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rules for the election were released on 30 January 2012. Candidates had to be born in Egypt to <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egyptian parents</a>, may not have held dual nationality and may not have been married to a foreigner. To be nominated, they required the support of 30 Members of Parliament or 30,000 voters.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the electoral committee, the formal registration process for candidates started on 10 March<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ended on 8 April 2012 at 2 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualified_candidates">Qualified candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Qualified candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_ballot_Paper,_first_round_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Egypt_ballot_Paper%2C_first_round_2012.jpg/250px-Egypt_ballot_Paper%2C_first_round_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/Egypt_ballot_Paper%2C_first_round_2012.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Ballot Paper, First round</figcaption></figure> <p>23 candidates officially registered to contest the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-official_candidates_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_candidates-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) was expected to release the list of candidates who fulfil the legal requirements and are eligible for the presidency on 26 April.<sup id="cite_ref-ahram2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahram2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 April 2012, the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) announced the disqualification of ten candidates: <a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" title="Hazem Salah Abu Ismail">Hazem Salah Abu Ismail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a>, Ahmad Awad Al-Saidi, <a href="/wiki/Mortada_Mansour" title="Mortada Mansour">Mortada Mansour</a>, Ibrahim El-Gharib, Mamdouh Qutb, Houssam Khayrat, and Ashraf Barouma.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reasons for the disqualifications were not given, but the affected candidates were given 48 hours to appeal the decisions. Abu Ismail, El-Shater, and Suleiman's campaigns stated they would file appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All appeals were rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 April, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">SCAF</a> ratified the Corruption of Political Life Law (aka the Disenfranchisement Law),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was passed by the People's Assembly on 12 April.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new law stipulated that any individual who served as President of the Republic, vice president, prime minister, or a high-ranking <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">NDP</a> official during the ten years prior to 11 February 2011 (day of <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>'s resignation) would not be eligible to run or hold public office for ten years, effective 11 February 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law disqualified presidential hopefuls Ahmed Shafik (prime minister) and Omar Suleiman (vice-president), but did not exclude Amr Mussa.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 April the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) accepted the appeal filed by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> against its previous decision to exclude him from running for president.<sup id="cite_ref-Shafiq_back_in_race_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shafiq_back_in_race-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, a total of 13 candidates were left standing in SPEC's final list.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appeal also requested the new Parliamentary law be brought before the Supreme Constitutional Court to determine its constitutionality.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 May 2012, Mohammad Fawzi Issa announced his withdrawal from the race in support of Amr Moussa. His name however was not removed from the ballot paper as the official date of withdrawal had already passed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drop_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drop-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_registered_presidential_candidates">Main registered presidential candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Main registered presidential candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Photo </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Details </th> <th>Party affiliation </th> <th>Electoral Symbol </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png/120px-Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png/180px-Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png/240px-Ahmed_Shafik_official_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="619" /></a></span> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> </div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air Marshal</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)">Minister of Civil Aviation</a> and last <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>.</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Independent</div> </td> <td>Ladder </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Khaled_Ali_announces_his_candidacy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Ali" title="Khaled Ali">Khaled Ali</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Lawyer and labor activist. Former head of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Center_for_Economic_and_Social_Rights_(ECESR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR)">Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR)</a>, founding member of <a href="/wiki/Hisham_Mubarak_Law_Center" title="Hisham Mubarak Law Center">Hisham Mubarak Law Center</a> (HMLC)</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Independent</div> </td> <td>Tree </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png/120px-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png/180px-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png/240px-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="395" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Ex-Secretary General of the International Union of Muslim Scholars and head of the Egyptian Association for Culture and Dialogue</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Independent</div> </td> <td>Umbrella </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG/120px-Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG/180px-Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG/240px-Hisham_Bastawisy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Bastawisy" title="Hisham Bastawisy">Hisham Bastawisy</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Egyptian judge and the vice president of the Egyptian Court of Cassation. <a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Unionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Progressive Unionist Party">Tagammu</a> nominee</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Unionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Progressive Unionist Party">Tagammu</a></div> </td> <td>Watch </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri" title="Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri">Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_Continues_Alliance" title="The Revolution Continues Alliance">The Revolution Continues Alliance</a> MP, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Popular_Alliance_Party" title="Socialist Popular Alliance Party">Socialist Popular Alliance Party</a> nominee</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Popular_Alliance_Party" title="Socialist Popular Alliance Party">Socialist Popular Alliance Party</a></div> </td> <td>Pyramid </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg/120px-Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg/180px-Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg/240px-Mohamed_Morsi-05-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="896" /></a></span> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Candidate of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a>. Replacement candidate after the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a>. Former <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> (2000–2005).</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a></div> </td> <td>Balance </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg/120px-Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg/180px-Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg/240px-Amr_Moussa_at_the_37th_G8_Summit_in_Deauville_054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2519" data-file-height="3778" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">The ex-<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Arab_States" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Arab States">League of Arab States</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a>.</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Independent</div> </td> <td>Sun </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Founder of the <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasserist</a> <a href="/wiki/Dignity_Party_(Egypt)" title="Dignity Party (Egypt)">Dignity Party</a>.</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Dignity_Party_(Egypt)" title="Dignity Party (Egypt)">Dignity Party</a> </div> </td> <td>Eagle </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg/120px-Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg/180px-Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg/240px-Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="662" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Secretary general of the Arab Medical Union </div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a><br /> (received the endorsement of Salafi <a href="/wiki/Al-Nour_Party" title="Al-Nour Party">Al-Nour Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> moderate Islamic <a href="/wiki/Al-Wasat_Party" title="Al-Wasat Party">Al-Wasat Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Current_Party" title="Egyptian Current Party">Egyptian Current Party</a>.)</div> </td> <td>Horse </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mohamed_Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mohamed Morsi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mohamed Morsi was the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a> (FJP), a political party that was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a>, since 30 April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2005. </p><p>Morsi received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo University</a> in 1975 and 1978. He received his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in engineering from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> in 1982. He was an assistant professor at <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">California State University, Northridge</a> from 1982 to 1985. In 1985 he went back to Egypt to teach at <a href="/wiki/Zagazig_University" title="Zagazig University">Zagazig University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kairat El-Shater had been put forward as candidate, but he was excluded from the race. As a replacement, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt</a> fielded <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a>, he faced Ahmed Shafik in a run-off vote on 16–17 June 2012. </p><p>On 24 June 2012, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>'s election commission announced that <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> has won Egypt's presidential runoff. Morsi won by a narrow margin over Ahmed Shafik, the last prime minister under deposed leader <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>. The commission said Morsi took 51.7 percent of the vote versus 48.3 for Shafik.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_News.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_News.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmed_Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ahmed Shafik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> officially launched his presidential campaign on 2 November 2011. He was the last <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister</a> appointed by <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a> in January. He resigned only three weeks after the deposition of the long-term president.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shafik claims to be on good terms with the ruling <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">Supreme Council of the Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shafik was first disqualified in the wake of the ratification of the Corruption of Political Life Law (aka the Disenfranchisement Law), which banned Mubarak-era PMs from nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He immediately appealed the decision and on 25 April the Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission (SPEC) accepted his appeal, which puts him back in the race.<sup id="cite_ref-Shafiq_back_in_race_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shafiq_back_in_race-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shafik collected 48.3 percent of the vote in the presidential runoff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a>, a doctor by practice and a former <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> figure popular with Egyptian youths, declared his candidacy in May 2011. He was expelled from the Brotherhood for this decision on 20 June of that year, as it contradicted an earlier decision that the Brotherhood would not put forward a candidate in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-almasryalyoum1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almasryalyoum1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslim Brotherhood contradicted their initial position on 31 March 2012 when they put forward <a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a> as the Brotherhood's candidate and <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> as his replacement. Aboul Fotouh is well known for his staunch opposition to both the <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Sadat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubarak">Mubarak</a> regimes, as well as his openness towards people of different political views. He was detained once during Sadat's rule and twice during Mubarak's rule. He promised to appoint a vice-president who is a youth revolutionary and to fill over half of the country's important posts with people under the age of 45.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite coming from the moderate-to-liberal wing of the Islamist movement, Aboul Fotouh won the endorsement of the Salafi <a href="/wiki/Al-Nour_Party" title="Al-Nour Party">Al-Nour Party</a> on 28 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khaled_Ali">Khaled Ali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Khaled Ali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Ali" title="Khaled Ali">Khaled Ali</a> announced his campaign on 27 February 2012 and applied for election on 8 April 2012 as an independent, with the support of 32 elected officials in both chambers of parliament. At 40 years old, he was the youngest candidate to enter the race. Ali is a prominent Egyptian lawyer and activist, known for his work advocating reform of corruption in the government and private sector and his promotion of social justice and labor rights. <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahram_Weekly" title="Al-Ahram Weekly">Al-Ahram Weekly</a></i> called him a "legendary anti-corruption crusader".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 he won the "Egyptian Corruption Fighter" award.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of Ali's supporters saw him as filling the void left by Mohamed ElBaradei's withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-al-akhbar1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-akhbar1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ali was not well known to the majority of Egyptians, and even those familiar with him tended to be surprised by his decision to run.<sup id="cite_ref-al-akhbar1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-akhbar1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ali's lack of experience as a politician was a concern, and many, even in the revolutionary movement, remained skeptical about his candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-al-akhbar1_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-akhbar1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics argued that he was unlikely to win, and expressed concern that he could split the vote in a way that would sway the election towards representatives of the prior regime.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Popular_Alliance_Party" title="Socialist Popular Alliance Party">Socialist Popular Alliance Party</a> and Egyptian Socialists members told Egypt Independent that they are seriously considering backing Ali's candidacy. "Up until now, the situation is unclear. Khaled may be our choice. Some are proposing a potential partnership between Khaled Ali and Abouel Fotouh [where Ali can run as his deputy]," said Marwa Farouk, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Popular_Alliance_Party" title="Socialist Popular Alliance Party">Popular Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mohammed_Salim_Al-Awa">Mohammed Salim Al-Awa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mohammed Salim Al-Awa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a>, an Islamic thinker, declared his candidacy on 14 June 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that Al-Awa and Aboul Fotouh belong to the same school of thought have led to press speculation about <a href="/wiki/Vote-splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote-splitting">vote-splitting</a> and the possibility of their uniting behind a single candidate. Aboul Fotouh recognized this possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-almasryalyoum1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almasryalyoum1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hisham_Bastawisy">Hisham Bastawisy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hisham Bastawisy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Bastawisy" title="Hisham Bastawisy">Hisham Bastawisy</a> is an Egyptian judge and the vice president of the Egyptian Court of Cassation. He was one of the leaders of the Egyptian opposition before and during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. He is running for the Egyptian presidential elections as a representative of the <a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Unionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Progressive Unionist Party">National Progressive Unionist Party</a> (Tagammu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri">Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri is an <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> MP representing the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Popular_Alliance_Party" title="Socialist Popular Alliance Party">Socialist Popular Alliance Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_Continues_Alliance" title="The Revolution Continues Alliance">The Revolution Continues Alliance</a>. He filed his application on 13 March 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amr_Moussa">Amr Moussa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Amr Moussa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When asked about the rumors that he might run for the 2012 presidential elections, <a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> refused to rule out the possibility of running for the office, leaving the door open to expectations. He argued that, "It's the right of every citizen that has the capacity and efficiency to aspire to any political office that would allow him to contribute to the service of his nation".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further stated to the press that the qualities required of the president also apply to <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Mubarak" title="Gamal Mubarak">Gamal Mubarak</a>, arguing that the citizenship, rights and obligations which apply to himself can also be applied to Gamal.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also expressed appreciation for "the confidence expressed by many people when they talk about his candidacy for the Egyptian presidency, and expressed that the message reached him.".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 February 2011 he announced he would be running for president saying "God willing, I will be one of them."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamdeen_Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hamdeen Sabahi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasserist</a> <a href="/wiki/Dignity_Party_(Egypt)" title="Dignity Party (Egypt)">Dignity Party</a> officially filed his application on 6 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would later run for the presidency again two years later in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2014 Egyptian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a> against <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>, although the latter won a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a>, in an election described as a sham by 14 human rights groups who dismissed the results as "farcical".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They said the authorities had "trampled over even the minimum requirements for free and fair elections", stifling basic freedoms and eliminating key challengers.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_candidates">Minor candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Minor candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The remaining candidates are:<sup id="cite_ref-official_candidates_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_candidates-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Abdullah Alashaal, previous foreign minister assistant, retired ambassador. <a href="/wiki/Authenticity_Party" title="Authenticity Party">Authenticity Party</a> nominee.</li> <li>Mahmoud Houssam, as an independent with the support of 30,000 voters. President of the <a href="/wiki/Beginning_Party" title="Beginning Party">Beginning Party</a>.</li> <li>Houssam Khairallah, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Peace_Party" title="Democratic Peace Party">Democratic Peace Party</a> nominee.</li> <li>Mohammad Fawzi Issa, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Generation_Party" title="Democratic Generation Party">Democratic Generation Party</a> nominee – withdrew on 16 May 2012 in favor of Amr Moussa. However, his name remained on the ballot paper as the official date of withdrawal had already passed.<sup id="cite_ref-drop_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drop-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disqualified_candidates">Disqualified candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Disqualified candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_disqualified_candidates">Main disqualified candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Main disqualified candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Photo </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Details </th> <th>Party affiliation </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png/120px-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png/180px-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png/240px-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" title="Hazem Salah Abu Ismail">Hazem Salah Abu Ismail</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">A <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafist</a><sup id="cite_ref-egyptindependent1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egyptindependent1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ultra-conservative figure.<sup id="cite_ref-mayton1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayton1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Independent</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayman_Noor_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ayman_Noor_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Ayman_Noor_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ayman_Noor_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Ayman_Noor_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ayman_Noor_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Ayman_Noor_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Founder of the liberal <a href="/wiki/El-Ghad_Party" title="El-Ghad Party">El-Ghad Party</a> and leader of the Ghad El-Thawra Party.</div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">Ghad El-Thawra Party</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khairat_Alshater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Khairat_Alshater.jpg/120px-Khairat_Alshater.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Khairat_Alshater.jpg/180px-Khairat_Alshater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Khairat_Alshater.jpg/240px-Khairat_Alshater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">Businessman and deputy supreme guide of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg/120px-Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg/180px-Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg/240px-Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;">General and Director of the intelligence service (Mukhabarat), and briefly <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Egypt">Vice President</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail">Hazem Salah Abu Ismail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hazem Salah Abu Ismail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" title="Hazem Salah Abu Ismail">Hazem Salah Abu Ismail</a> is an independent, ultra-conservative<sup id="cite_ref-mayton1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayton1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> lawyer and politician.<sup id="cite_ref-egyptindependent1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egyptindependent1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He rejects the idea of reconciling the <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">religious law of Islam</a> with personal <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">freedom</a>. He announced to make <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">wearing the veil</a> mandatory for Egyptian women in case of being elected.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">ban the consumption of alcohol</a> in public, even for tourists. Abu Ismail advocates the closure of gambling <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a>, which are currently reserved for foreign visitors. Tourists wearing <a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">two-piece swimsuits</a> should be arrested, according to Abu Ismail.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, he calls for the abolishment of the <a href="/wiki/Shura_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Shura Council">Shura Council</a>, which is the upper house of the Egyptian parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 28 March, Abu Ismail had collected 150,000 signatures supporting his candidacy. He was endorsed by 58 members of parliament,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Salafist Scholars Shura Council,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Salafist Front.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 April, the State Council decided that the Ministry of Interior is obliged to provide documents verifying the nationality of the candidate's mother.<sup id="cite_ref-ahram2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahram2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, he would fail the premise that candidates, their spouses and their parents must hold <i>exclusive</i> Egyptian citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Ismail denies the ministry's assertion and insists that his mother was exclusively Egyptian.<sup id="cite_ref-ahram3_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahram3-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The threat to Abu Ismail's candidacy has triggered protests by his supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-ahram3_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahram3-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 14 April 2012, Abu-Ismail had been barred from the election by the Presidential Election Commission. He had been given 48 hours to appeal the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayman_Nour">Ayman Nour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ayman Nour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a> is the founder of <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghad_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ghad Party">Al-Ghad Party</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">Ghad El-Thawra Party</a> and former candidate in <a href="/wiki/2005_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2005 Egyptian presidential election">the 2005 presidential elections</a> in which he emerged as runner-up to the winning President Hosni Mubarak. </p><p>Ayman Nour was jailed in 2006 few months after the presidential elections when he was convicted in charges of forgery. He was later removed from the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghad_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ghad Party">Al-Ghad Party</a>. In February 2009, he was released from prison under an amnesty for health reasons. It has been alleged that his release from prison was due to <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> demanding his release as a condition to meet with Mubarak.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ayman Nour's ability to candidate was doubtful, because of being an ex-convict and a former prisoner. However, he was pardoned by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">Supreme Council of the Armed Forces</a> (SCAF) and is thus not longer banned from political activity but eligible for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nour was also barred from running for the presidency by the Presidential Election Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khairat_El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Khairat El-Shater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After initially deciding not to field a candidate, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt</a> announced on 31 March 2012 that its deputy supreme guide <a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a> would run in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El-Shater, who was convicted and imprisoned for several years during the rule of Mubarak, might be excluded from the race due to the ban of ex-convicts from political activity. The ruling military council had pardoned him, but a case was filed to eliminate him from the election, because the pardon has not been endorsed by a criminal court.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt</a> fielded <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a>, as an alternative candidate in case El-Shater's candidacy was invalidated. </p><p>As of 14 April 2012, El-Shater has been barred from the election by the Presidential Election Commission. His campaign has stated that they would appeal the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omar_Suleiman">Omar Suleiman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Omar Suleiman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General <a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a>, who was director of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_General_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate">General Intelligence Service</a> and in 2011 shortly the last vice president under ousted President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, announced his candidacy on 6 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 14 April 2012, Suleiman has been barred from the election by the Presidential Election Commission. His campaign appealed the decision but was rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera1_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He left the country, reportedly going to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, then finally to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> for treatment. He died suddenly on 19 July 2012 while having medical tests done in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio. His body was taken home for burial. He was given a <a href="/wiki/Military_funeral" title="Military funeral">military funeral</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_disqualified_candidates">Minor disqualified candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Minor disqualified candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ahmad Awad Al-Saidi, National Party of Egypt nominee.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortada_Mansour" title="Mortada Mansour">Mortada Mansour</a>, previous <a href="/wiki/Zamalek_SC" title="Zamalek SC">Zamalek SC</a> chairman. National Party of Egypt nominee.</li> <li>Ibrahim El-Gharib, as an independent with the support of 30,000 voters.</li> <li>Mamdouh Qutb, previous director general of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_General_Intelligence_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate">Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate</a>, Civilisation Party nominee.</li> <li>Houssam Khayrat, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arab_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Arab Socialist Party">Egyptian Arab Socialist Party</a> nominee.</li> <li>Ashraf Barouma, <a href="/wiki/Quiver_Party" title="Quiver Party">Quiver Party</a> party president.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Withdrawn_candidates">Withdrawn candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Withdrawn candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mohamed_ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mohamed ElBaradei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In November 2009 amidst the political controversy over the then prospective 2011 presidential election and the constitutional impediments placed in the faces of candidates under the amended Article 76 in the 2007 constitution and amidst speculation about then-president Hosni Mubarak's son Gamal running for the post, <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a> decided to respond to the continuous pressing from people who asked him to run for the 2011 election.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ElBaradei said in a statement sent from his office in Vienna to <i>Al-Shorouk</i> newspaper that "He did not announce willingness or unwillingness to participate in the upcoming presidential election... and that he will clear his position on the presidency after November".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His office manager added: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Dr. ElBaradei is the Director General of <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> until the end of November. Therefore, he is currently devoted to his work and to address the important issues and topics that need to be addressed by the IAEA. So he did not take any decision regarding his future which will be decided in light of developments of the next phase.</p></blockquote> <p>At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/New_Wafd_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wafd Party">New Wafd Party</a> and other opposition political forces have announced that they are ready to support ElBaradei if he decided to run for the election. However, Mohamed ElBaradei stated that if he decides to run for the 2011 elections, he prefers to run as an independent candidate, rather than running as a candidate of any of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of political parties in Egypt">existing political parties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 February 2010, ElBaradei met with several opposition leaders and notable intellects at his home in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. The meeting was concluded with an announcement for the formation of a new non-party-political movement called "<a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Change" title="National Association for Change">National Association for Change</a>". The movement aims for general reforms in the political scene and mainly burke the Constitutional article#76 which places restrictions on true free presidential elections especially when it comes to independent candidates. Worth mentioning is that the banned political group the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> were represented by one of their key figures who attended the meeting however their stand in accepting a non-member of their group as a candidate is yet unclear. It is also unknown whether <a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> the head of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> who met with Elbaradei a day earlier will be part of the new movement.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 January 2012, he withdrew his candidacy in protest against the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">Supreme Council of the Armed Forces</a>' alleged usurpation of power as he criticised the roadmap of transition to a civilian government following the 2011 revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ElBaradei called it a "travesty" to elect a president before a new constitution has been drafted.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AbdElazim_Negm">AbdElazim Negm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: AbdElazim Negm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abdelazim Negm is a professor of hydraulic engineering at Zagazig University and former vice dean for education and student affairs. He announced his candidacy on 4 March 2011, and withdrew it on 2 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bothaina_Kamel">Bothaina Kamel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bothaina Kamel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bothaina_Kamel" title="Bothaina Kamel">Bothaina Kamel</a>, a media personality and pro-democracy activist, announced her candidacy in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She dropped out of the race after failing to acquire the necessary number of signatures.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saad_El-Soghayar">Saad El-Soghayar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Saad El-Soghayar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Sughayar headed to the High Presidential Elections Commission (HPEC) on Tuesday to collect the official application documents and learn of the requirements for running for presidency. A large crowd and folklore music accompanied Al-Sughayar and his band on their visit to the HPEC. </p><p>Upon his visit to the HPEC, the pop star said that he has collected 30,000 recommendations, which were declined due to his failure to fill in required documents prior the submission, reported the Middle East News Agency. He insisted that he will collect more than 55,000 recommendations. He added that his presidential agenda is ambitious and includes several priorities important to the common citizen, with a full healthcare-for-all system at the front line of these priorities.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in a television show later that same day, he went to state he did not think that he was qualified for office and not even for any elected office. He added that he pulled this stunt to show the government and the SCAF that the criteria of 30,000 signatures is not a true obstacle to prevent non-serious candidates.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Opinion polls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first opinion poll conducted in Egypt post-Mubarak was conducted by <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a>. According to the YouGov survey of 1871 Egyptians between 15 and 20 February 2011, Almost half of all Egyptians (49%) believed that Amr Moussa, the secretary general of the Arab League, was the man most capable of leading the next Egyptian government. Other potential presidents, Ahmed Zewill (13%) & Ayman Nour, Mubarak's 2005 Presidential rival (1%), trailed Moussa by a huge margin. Almost 1 in 10 (9%) believed former vice president, Omar Sulieman, should be Egypt's new leader. The majority (81%) of Egyptians believed that the army would facilitate free and fair elections.<sup id="cite_ref-YouGov_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouGov-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An April 2011 survey of 1,000 Egyptians by <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>'s Global Attitudes Project with a margin of error of four percentage points found that the most popular Egyptian politician was <a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> with 41% of Egyptians viewing him as "very favourable," followed by <a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a> with 32% and <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a> with 25%. Some 75% had a favourable view of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, but only 17% believed they should lead the next government.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A poll conducted during the 2011 protests asking "who do you think should be the next President of Egypt?" showed Moussa in the lead, with 26% of respondents naming him.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Conducted/<br /> Published </th> <th>Polling Organisation/<br />Client </th> <th>Sample size </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" title="Hazem Salah Abu Ismail">Abu Ismail</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dignity_Party_(Egypt)" title="Dignity Party (Egypt)">DP</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">FJP</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Salim Al-Awa</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">FJP</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">Ghad</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Kamal Ganzouri</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(Egypt)" title="Constitution Party (Egypt)">CP</a>) </th> <th>other </th> <th>undecided </th></tr> <tr> <td>Feb 2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a><sup id="cite_ref-YouGov_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouGov-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1871</td> <td><b>49%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>9%</td> <td>–</td> <td>1%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1%</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>24%</td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9–20 March 2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Institute" title="International Peace Institute">IPI</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>615</td> <td><b>37%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>5%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1%</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>37%</td> <td>14% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jun 2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Institute" title="International Peace Institute">IPI</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>800</td> <td><b>32%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>42%</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jun/Jul 2011</td> <td>Newsweek/<br />Daily Beast<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1008</td> <td><b>16%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>5%</td> <td>4%</td> <td>12%</td> <td>2%</td> <td>–</td> <td>6%</td> <td>–</td> <td>4%</td> <td>–</td> <td>12%</td> <td>13%</td> <td>27% </td></tr> <tr> <td>"</td> <td><small>(3-way race)</small></td> <td>"</td> <td><b>47%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>16%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>19%</td> <td>–</td> <td>18% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aug 2011</td> <td>ACPSS<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,400</td> <td><b>44%</b></td> <td>5.2%</td> <td>2%</td> <td>9%</td> <td>12%</td> <td>5%</td> <td>–</td> <td>5%</td> <td>–</td> <td>6%</td> <td>–</td> <td>4%</td> <td>7.8%</td> <td>45% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oct 2011</td> <td>ACPSS<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,400</td> <td><b>44.8%</b></td> <td>5.2%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td>10.8%</td> <td>13.2%</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>4.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nov 2011</td> <td>ACPSS<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,400</td> <td><b>38.9%</b></td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>6.6%</td> <td>8.5%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.2%</td> <td>–</td> <td>2.9%</td> <td>24.5%</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mar 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>31.5%</b></td> <td>22.7%</td> <td>8.3%</td> <td>9.3%</td> <td>10.2%</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>–</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>30.7%</b></td> <td>28.8%</td> <td>8.5%</td> <td>8.2%</td> <td>7.5%</td> <td>3.9%</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.2%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.4%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>6.5%</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al-Masri Al-Yom<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,034</td> <td>6.4%</td> <td>11.7%</td> <td>12.4%</td> <td><b>20.1%</b></td> <td>2.2%</td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>1%</td> <td>3.2%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td>38.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td>22.3%</td> <td>21.4%</td> <td>6.2%</td> <td><b>31.7%</b></td> <td>3.4%</td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>40.9%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>25.2%</td> <td>–</td> <td>10.5%</td> <td>9.3%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>4.4%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al-Masri Al-Yom<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,129</td> <td>12.5%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>15.5%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>6%</td> <td>5%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.1%</td> <td>54.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>41.1%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>27.3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>11.9%</td> <td>7.4%</td> <td>3.6%</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>12.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apr 2012</td> <td>Al Masry Al Youm<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,100</td> <td>14.1%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>18.5%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>5.3%</td> <td>5%</td> <td>3.6%</td> <td>1.4%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>50.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>April–May 2012</td> <td>IDSC<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,209</td> <td><b>11%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td><b>11%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>6%</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>42% <sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>April–May 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>39%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>24%</td> <td>–</td> <td>17.2%</td> <td>6.7%</td> <td>7%</td> <td>2.9%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.2%</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Shorouk<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,014</td> <td>16%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>20.8%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>15.2%</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>5.2%</td> <td>?</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.4%</td> <td>33.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Al Masry Al Youm<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,152</td> <td><b>17%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>15.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>14.8%</td> <td>6%</td> <td>5.2%</td> <td>?</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.7%</td> <td>37.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>IDSC<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,264</td> <td>7%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>9%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>8%</td> <td>2%</td> <td>4%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2% <sup>2</sup> </td> <td>39% <sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-AhramPossibleRunoffs_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AhramPossibleRunoffs-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>40.8%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>17.8%</td> <td>–</td> <td>19.9%</td> <td>7%</td> <td>9.4%</td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>15.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Al Masry Al Youm<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>?</td> <td>16%</td> <td>–</td> <td>12.5%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>16.3%</b></td> <td>7%</td> <td>8.8%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>37.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>IDSC<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,390</td> <td>11%</td> <td>–</td> <td>9%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>12%</b></td> <td>5%</td> <td>6%</td> <td>1%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2%</td> <td>37% <sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>IDSC<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,366</td> <td>11%</td> <td>–</td> <td>7%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>12%</b></td> <td>7%</td> <td>7%</td> <td>?</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>?</td> <td>35% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Al Aharam<sup id="cite_ref-AlahramTwoPolls_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlahramTwoPolls-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,200</td> <td><b>31.7%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>14.6%</td> <td>–</td> <td>22.6%</td> <td>11.7%</td> <td>14.8%</td> <td>2.3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.7%<sup>5</sup></td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Al Masry Al Youm<sup id="cite_ref-AlahramTwoPolls_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlahramTwoPolls-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,287</td> <td>14.6%</td> <td>–</td> <td>12.4%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>19.3%</b></td> <td>9.5%</td> <td>9%</td> <td>1%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>33% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>Shorouk<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,185</td> <td>15.1%</td> <td>–</td> <td>13.2%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>15.8%</b></td> <td>12.3%</td> <td>9.5%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>2.9%</td> <td>29.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 2012</td> <td>U of Maryland<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>772</td> <td>28%</td> <td>–</td> <td><b>32%</b></td> <td>–</td> <td>14%</td> <td>8%</td> <td>8%</td> <td>?</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>?</td> <td>? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>Notes: <br /> <sup>1</sup> In addition, another 7% decided not to vote, 16% haven't decided if they will participate, and 3% refused to say their nominee <br /> <sup>2</sup> 2% for <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Ali" title="Khaled Ali">Khaled Ali</a> <br /> <sup>3</sup> In addition, another 8% will not vote, 6% did not disclose nominee, and 17% have yet to decide if they will participate.<br /> <sup>4</sup> In addition, another 6% will not vote, 3% did not disclose nominee, and 8% have yet to decide if they will participate. <br /> <sup>5</sup>The article doesn't mention "other", but mentions Ali and Hariri, which are not placed on the table, getting 1.1% and 0.6% respectively (hence, total of 1.7). </small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Runoff_polls">Runoff polls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Runoff polls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>candidate </th> <th>Al Ahram<sup id="cite_ref-AhramPossibleRunoffs_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AhramPossibleRunoffs-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><small>(28 Apr–1 May 2012)</small> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a></b></td> <td><b>63.8%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></td> <td>36.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a></b></td> <td><b>77.6%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></td> <td>22.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a></b></td> <td><b>68%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></td> <td>32% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></b></td> <td><b>52.9%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></td> <td>47.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></b></td> <td><b>74.7%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></td> <td>25.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Favorability_ratings">Favorability ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Favorability ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike traditional preference polling, favorability ratings allow individuals to independently rate each candidate. This provides a comprehensive impression of a candidate's electorate appeal without <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">vote splitting</a> distortion, where votes divide between ideologically similar candidates in multi-candidate polls. Favorability indicates general candidate acceptance among voters, irrespective of final vote choice. The table uses the percentage of "Somewhat favorable" or "Very favorable" responses. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr valign="bottom" style="font-size:90%;"> <th>Poll source </th> <th>Date(s)<br />administered </th> <th>Sample size </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hussein_Tantawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hussein Tantawi">Mohamed Hussein Tantawi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">Ghad</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" title="Hazem Salah Abu Ismail">Abu Ismail</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(Egypt)" title="Constitution Party (Egypt)">CP</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Faiza_Abou_el-Naga" title="Faiza Abou el-Naga">Faiza Abou el-Naga</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pew Research<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>March 19–April 10, 2012 </td> <td>1000 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#ACF0AC;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">81% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#C0F2C1;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">63% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#C2F2C3;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">61% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#C5F3C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">58% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#CBF3CD;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">52% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#CFF4D1;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">48% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#DBF5DD;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">35% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pew Research<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>March 24–April 7, 2011 </td> <td>1000 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#A2EFA2;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">89% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#A0EFA1;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">90% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#B9F1B9;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">70% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#C6F3C8;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">57% </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#DCF5DE;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">34% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#EEF8F0;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">13% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg/400px-Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg/600px-Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg/800px-Egyptian_presidential_election_2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Results from the first round.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E9967A;; color:black;"> </span> Governorate won by <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;; color:black;"> </span> Governorate won by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#90EE90;; color:black;"> </span> Governorate won by <a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA500;; color:black;"> </span> Governorate won by <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FAFAE5;; color:black;"> </span> Governorate won by <a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a>.</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 718.81801016266px; border-left-color:#F5F5E1"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#F5F5E1"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#F5F5E1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 90.420359373902px; border-left-color:#FFA500"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FFA500"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FFA500"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:93.432894245661px 35.641187871325px 0 0; border-top-color:#90EE90"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#90EE90"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 1057.8894993406px 100px 0; border-right-color:#B0C4DE"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#B0C4DE"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:0.0078955796183888px; border-width:0 0 99.992104420382px 1.2566039883353px; border-bottom-color:#E9967A"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Percentage of votes received by candidate </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E9967A; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> (24.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B0C4DE; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> (23.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a> (20.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a> (17.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F5F5E1; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a> (11.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> Other (2.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>On 24 June 2012, Egypt's election commission announced that Morsi had won the run-off.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_News.com_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox_News.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egypt's benchmark stock index celebrated Morsi's election by closing up 7.6 percent, its largest single-day gain in nine years.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" colspan="2">First round</th><th scope="col" colspan="2">Second round</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#A7CF40"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,764,952</td><td style="text-align:right">24.78</td><td style="text-align:right">13,230,131</td><td style="text-align:right">51.73</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">5,505,327</td><td style="text-align:right">23.66</td><td style="text-align:right">12,347,380</td><td style="text-align:right">48.27</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#008000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dignity_Party_(Egypt)" title="Dignity Party (Egypt)">Dignity Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,820,273</td><td style="text-align:right">20.72</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">4,065,239</td><td style="text-align:right">17.47</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">2,588,850</td><td style="text-align:right">11.13</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">235,374</td><td style="text-align:right">1.01</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Ali" title="Khaled Ali">Khaled Ali</a></td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">134,056</td><td style="text-align:right">0.58</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E1A95F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri" title="Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri">Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Popular_Alliance_Party" title="Socialist Popular Alliance Party">Socialist Popular Alliance Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">40,090</td><td style="text-align:right">0.17</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F30502"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Bastawisy" title="Hisham Bastawisy">Hisham Bastawisy</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Unionist_Rally_Party" title="National Progressive Unionist Rally Party">National Progressive Unionist Rally Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">29,189</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Mahmoud Houssam</td><td>Independent</td><td style="text-align:right">23,992</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#A9A5B4"></td><td>Mohammad Fawzi Issa</td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Generation_Party" title="Democratic Generation Party">Democratic Generation Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">23,889</td><td style="text-align:right">0.10</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8DB7E9"></td><td>Houssam Khairallah</td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Peace_Party" title="Democratic Peace Party">Democratic Peace Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">22,036</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:black"></td><td>Abdullah Alashaal</td><td><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_Party" title="Authenticity Party">Authenticity Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,249</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">23,265,516</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">25,577,511</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="7" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>23,265,516</td><td>98.28</td><td>25,577,511</td><td>96.81</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>406,720</td><td>1.72</td><td>843,252</td><td>3.19</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>23,672,236</td><td>100.00</td><td>26,420,763</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>50,996,746</td><td>46.42</td><td>50,958,794</td><td>51.85</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eisa.org/wep/egy2012results.htm">EISA</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_round_results_by_governorate">Second round results by governorate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Second round results by governorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Governorate </th> <th>Valid votes </th> <th>Invalid votes </th> <th>Turnout % </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Morsi</a> votes</th> <th>% </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Shafik</a> votes</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aswan_Governorate" title="Aswan Governorate">Aswan</a> </td> <td>317,424 </td> <td>7,776 </td> <td>37.9 </td> <td>164,826 </td> <td>51.9 </td> <td>152,598 </td> <td>48.1 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Asyut_Governorate" title="Asyut Governorate">Asyut</a> </td> <td>901,539 </td> <td>26,837 </td> <td>44.6 </td> <td>554,519 </td> <td>61.5 </td> <td>347,020 </td> <td>38.5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Governorate" title="Luxor Governorate">Luxor</a> </td> <td>264,353 </td> <td>6,781 </td> <td>40.3 </td> <td>124,120 </td> <td>47.0 </td> <td>140,233 </td> <td>53.0 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Governorate" title="Alexandria Governorate">Alexandria</a> </td> <td>1,687,148 </td> <td>76,274 </td> <td>53.7 </td> <td>970,131 </td> <td>57.5 </td> <td>717,017 </td> <td>42.5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ismailia_Governorate" title="Ismailia Governorate">Ismailia</a> </td> <td>376,576 </td> <td>11,642 </td> <td>55.5 </td> <td>204,307 </td> <td>54.3 </td> <td>172,269 </td> <td>45.7 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Governorate" title="Red Sea Governorate">Red Sea</a> </td> <td>94,791 </td> <td>2,687 </td> <td>43.5 </td> <td>46,803 </td> <td>49.4 </td> <td>47,988 </td> <td>50.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Beheira_Governorate" title="Beheira Governorate">Beheira</a> </td> <td>1,548,271 </td> <td>45,043 </td> <td>49.4 </td> <td>907,377 </td> <td>58.6 </td> <td>640,894 </td> <td>41.4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Beni_Suef_Governorate" title="Beni Suef Governorate">Beni Suef</a> </td> <td>770,342 </td> <td>24,261 </td> <td>55.9 </td> <td>512,079 </td> <td>66.5 </td> <td>258,263 </td> <td>33.5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Governorate" title="Port Said Governorate">Port Said</a> </td> <td>239,890 </td> <td>13,577 </td> <td>58.1 </td> <td>109,768 </td> <td>45.8 </td> <td>130,122 </td> <td>54.2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Giza_Governorate" title="Giza Governorate">Giza</a> </td> <td>2,263,425 </td> <td>82,263 </td> <td>54.8 </td> <td>1,351,526 </td> <td>59.7 </td> <td>911,899 </td> <td>40.3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/South_Sinai_Governorate" title="South Sinai Governorate">South Sinai</a> </td> <td>24,742 </td> <td>733 </td> <td>40.8 </td> <td>12,286 </td> <td>49.7 </td> <td>12,456 </td> <td>50.3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Dakahlia_Governorate" title="Dakahlia Governorate">Dakahlia</a> </td> <td>1,904,744 </td> <td>51,243 </td> <td>53.3 </td> <td>845,390 </td> <td>44.4 </td> <td>1,059,354 </td> <td>55.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Damietta_Governorate" title="Damietta Governorate">Damietta</a> </td> <td>461,403 </td> <td>14,569 </td> <td>55.9 </td> <td>258,475 </td> <td>56.0 </td> <td>202,928 </td> <td>44.0 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Governorate" title="Suez Governorate">Suez</a> </td> <td>205,963 </td> <td>7,550 </td> <td>56.0 </td> <td>129,229 </td> <td>62.7 </td> <td>76,734 </td> <td>37.3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sohag_Governorate" title="Sohag Governorate">Sohag</a> </td> <td>912,853 </td> <td>26,103 </td> <td>40.1 </td> <td>531,636 </td> <td>58.2 </td> <td>381,217 </td> <td>41.8 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharqia_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Sharqia Governorate">Al Sharqia</a> </td> <td>1,928,216 </td> <td>50,070 </td> <td>56.6 </td> <td>881,581 </td> <td>45.7 </td> <td>1,046,635 </td> <td>54.3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/North_Sinai_Governorate" title="North Sinai Governorate">North Sinai</a> </td> <td>94,964 </td> <td>2,401 </td> <td>46.9 </td> <td>58,415 </td> <td>61.5 </td> <td>36,549 </td> <td>38.5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gharbia_Governorate" title="Gharbia Governorate">Gharbia</a> </td> <td>1,575,883 </td> <td>45,103 </td> <td>55.8 </td> <td>583,748 </td> <td>37.0 </td> <td>992,135 </td> <td>63.0 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Faiyum_Governorate" title="Faiyum Governorate">Faiyum</a> </td> <td>761,330 </td> <td>23,091 </td> <td>50.6 </td> <td>591,995 </td> <td>77.8 </td> <td>169,335 </td> <td>22.2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Governorate" title="Cairo Governorate">Cairo</a> </td> <td>3,399,110 </td> <td>158,687 </td> <td>54.8 </td> <td>1,505,103 </td> <td>44.3 </td> <td>1,894,007 </td> <td>55.7 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Qalyubia_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalyubia Governorate">Qalyubia</a> </td> <td>1,460,537 </td> <td>42,562 </td> <td>57.9 </td> <td>609,253 </td> <td>41.7 </td> <td>851,284 </td> <td>58.3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Qena_Governorate" title="Qena Governorate">Qena</a> </td> <td>514,089 </td> <td>15,179 </td> <td>33.1 </td> <td>285,894 </td> <td>55.6 </td> <td>228,195 </td> <td>44.4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_el-Sheikh_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate">Kafr el-Sheikh</a> </td> <td>768,005 </td> <td>23,223 </td> <td>42.6 </td> <td>425,514 </td> <td>55.4 </td> <td>342,491 </td> <td>44.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0C4DE"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Monufia_Governorate" title="Monufia Governorate">Monufia</a> </td> <td>1,323,265 </td> <td>33,949 </td> <td>61.5 </td> <td>376,677 </td> <td>28.5 </td> <td>946,588 </td> <td>71.5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Minya_Governorate" title="Minya Governorate">Minya</a> </td> <td>1,332,677 </td> <td>43,607 </td> <td>51.8 </td> <td>858,557 </td> <td>64.4 </td> <td>474,120 </td> <td>35.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Matrouh_Governorate" title="Matrouh Governorate">Matrouh</a> </td> <td>81,242 </td> <td>1,629 </td> <td>40.6 </td> <td>65,095 </td> <td>80.1 </td> <td>16,147 </td> <td>19.9 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_Valley_Governorate" title="New Valley Governorate">New Valley</a> </td> <td>63,009 </td> <td>1,320 </td> <td>45.4 </td> <td>39,934 </td> <td>63.4 </td> <td>23,075 </td> <td>36.6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#E9967A"> <td align="left">expatriates </td> <td>301,720 </td> <td>5,092 </td> <td> </td> <td>225,893 </td> <td>74.9 </td> <td>75,827 </td> <td>25.1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td align="left"><b>Total</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13,230,131 </td> <td>51.7 </td> <td>12,347,380 </td> <td>48.3 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="14" style="background:#e9e9e9;"> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td align="left" colspan="14">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Runoff_polls">Pre-election polling</a> showed Moussa to have a substantially higher favorability rating (81%) than <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Fotouh</a> (58%), and to be preferred head-to-head against <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Morsi</a> (78%), <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Shafik</a> (68%), and Fotouh (64%). Fotouh in turn was preferred head-to-head over Morsi (75%) and Shafik (53%), making Moussa the likely <a href="/wiki/Condorcet_winner" class="mw-redirect" title="Condorcet winner">Condorcet winner</a>, and Fotouh the runner-up. However, due to the use of the <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a>, and vote-splitting between the three moderate / non-Islamist candidates,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moussa came in 5th, and Fotouh came in 4th, and both were eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two candidates who qualified for the runoff election, Morsi (24.8%) and Shafik (23.7%), were both considered polarizing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">Instant-runoff voting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Top-four_primary" title="Top-four primary">Top Four</a> or <a href="/wiki/Final_Five_Voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Five Voting">Final Five Voting</a>, and related systems, Moussa would also have been eliminated before the other four candidates,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it is unknown how the ballots would transfer and who would be eliminated next. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Claims_of_election_interference">Claims of election interference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Claims of election interference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allegations have arisen that the interior ministry handed out over 900,000 ID cards to Egyptian soldiers so that they could vote for Shafik in the first round, which would be a major campaign violation. Sabahi asked for the Egyptian election to be temporarily suspended until an investigation was carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government rejected the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2013, former Israeli negotiator <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Beilin" title="Yossi Beilin">Yossi Beilin</a> wrote that an Egyptian official had told him that the true results had Shafik winning, but the military gave the presidency to Morsi out of fear of unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_powers">Presidential powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Presidential powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">President of Egypt</a></div> <p>Shortly after it became apparent that Morsi would win the election, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">SCAF</a> made the following changes to the 30 March 2011 Egypt Constitutional Declaration in order to define the powers of the new president: </p><p>- <b>Article 30</b>: In situation that parliament is dissolved the president will be vowed into office in front of High Constitutional Court's General Assembly. </p><p>- <b>Article 53</b>: The incumbent SCAF members are responsible for deciding on all issues related to the armed forces including appointing its leaders and extending the terms in office of the aforesaid leaders. The current head of the SCAF is to act as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and minister of defense until a new constitution is drafted. </p><p>- <b>Article 53/1</b>: The president can only declare war after the approval of the SCAF. </p><p>- <b>Article 53/2</b>: If the country faces internal unrest which requires the intervention of the armed forces, the president can issue a decision to commission the armed forces – with the approval of the SCAF – to maintain security and defend public properties. Current Egyptian law stipulates the powers of the armed forces and its authorities in cases where the military can use force, arrest or detain. </p><p>- <b>Article 56 B</b>: The SCAF will assume the authorities set out in sub-article 1 of Article 56 as written in the 30 March 2011 Constitutional Declaration until a new parliament is elected. </p><p>- <b>Article 60 B</b>: If the constituent assembly encounters an obstacle that would prevent it from completing its work, the SCAF within a week will form a new constituent assembly- to author a new constitution within three months from the day of the new assembly's formation. The newly drafted constitution will be put forward after 15 days of the day it is completed, for approval by the people through a national referendum. The parliamentary elections will take place one month from the day the new constitution is approved by the national referendum. </p><p>- <b>Article 60 B1</b>: If the president, the head of SCAF, the prime minister, the Supreme Council of the Judiciary or a fifth of the constituent assembly find that the new constitution contains an article or more which conflict with the revolution's goals and its main principles or which conflict with any principle agreed upon in all of Egypt's former constitutions, any of the aforementioned bodies may demand that the constituent assembly revises this specific article within 15 days. Should the constituent assembly object to revising the contentious article, the article will be referred to the High Constitutional Court (HCC) which will then be obliged to give its verdict within seven days. The HCC's decision is final and will be published in the official gazette within three days from the date of issuance. </p><p>- <b>Article 38</b> will be replaced with: "The parliamentary elections will be conducted in accordance to the law."<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy in the Middle East">Democracy in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">President of Egypt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/40475/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Egypts-Wasat-Party-endorses-AbulFotouh-presidentia.aspx">"Egypt's Wasat Party endorses Abul-Fotouh presidential bid"</a>. <i>Ahram Online</i>. 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ahram+Online&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+Wasat+Party+endorses+Abul-Fotouh+presidential+bid&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F36%2F122%2F40475%2FPresidential-elections-%2FPresidential-elections-news%2FEgypts-Wasat-Party-endorses-AbulFotouh-presidentia.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conducted+by+YouGov&rft.atitle=First+Egyptian+Opinion+Poll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsurveyfiles.yougov.com%2Fstatic%2FYouGov_Siraj_Al_Aan_Egypt_Revolution_Poll_Feb_20_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Business" title="Arabian Business">Arabian Business</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabianbusiness.com/egyptians-back-sharia-law-end-of-israel-treaty-poll-shows-396178.html">Egyptians back sharia law, end of Israel treaty, poll shows</a>, 26 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313164501/http://www.scribd.com/Egypt-Poll/d/48662607">"Phone Survey of Cairo and Alexandria"</a>. Scribd Middle East Polls. 24 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/Egypt-Poll/d/48662607">the original</a> on 13 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phone+Survey+of+Cairo+and+Alexandria&rft.pub=Scribd+Middle+East+Polls&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2FEgypt-Poll%2Fd%2F48662607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipinst.org/images/pdfs/egypt-poll-results-april2011.pdf">International Peace Institute Poll</a>, conducted by Charney Research, April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331015610/http://www.charneyresearch.com/pdf/2011June_IPI_Egypt_Poll_final_press_release.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charneyresearch.com/pdf/2011June_IPI_Egypt_Poll_final_press_release.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charneyresearch.com%2Fpdf%2F2011June_IPI_Egypt_Poll_final_press_release.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/26/egypt-political-poll-muslim-brotherhood-influence-troubles-for-west.html">"Egypt's Simmering Rage"</a>. The Daily Beast. 26 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egypt%27s+Simmering+Rage&rft.pub=The+Daily+Beast&rft.date=2011-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2011%2F07%2F26%2Fegypt-political-poll-muslim-brotherhood-influence-troubles-for-west.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dipd.dk/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Egypt-Survey-1-August-2011.pdf">National Voter Survey in Egypt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811183055/http://dipd.dk/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Egypt-Survey-1-August-2011.pdf">Archived</a> 11 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Institute_for_Parties_and_Democracy" title="Danish Institute for Parties and Democracy">Danish Institute for Parties and Democracy</a>, dipd.dk. Retrieved on 30 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dedi.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/Voter-poll-survey.pdf">2nd National Voter Survey in Egypt</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Danish-Egyptian Dialogue Institute (DEDI), dedi.org.eg. Retrieved on 13 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dedi.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/3rd-Poll-Press-Release.pdf">3rd National Voter Survey in Egypt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801064745/http://dedi.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/3rd-Poll-Press-Release.pdf">Archived</a> 1 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Danish-Egyptian Dialogue Institute (DEDI), dedi.org.eg. Retrieved on 12 November 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/38270/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Moussa-leading-the-presidential-race,--opt-for-Isl.aspx">"Moussa leads presidential race at 31.5 pct, but 57.6 pct of Egyptians prefer an Islamist: Poll"</a>. <i>ahram online</i>. 2 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ahram+online&rft.atitle=Moussa+leads+presidential+race+at+31.5+pct%2C+but+57.6+pct+of+Egyptians+prefer+an+Islamist%3A+Poll&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F36%2F122%2F38270%2FPresidential-elections-%2FPresidential-elections-news%2FMoussa-leading-the-presidential-race%2C--opt-for-Isl.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120708142341/http://eg4.me/en/?p=5087">"April 09, 2012 Opinion poll on presidential candidates shows Moussa on top"</a>. <i>Egypt Independent</i>. 9 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eg4.me/en/?p=5087">the original</a> on 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Egypt+Independent&rft.atitle=April+09%2C+2012+Opinion+poll+on+presidential+candidates+shows+Moussa+on+top&rft.date=2012-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feg4.me%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D5087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/770421">"من هو الرئيس القادم؟.. أول استطلاع للرأي العام بعد إعلان قائمة المرشحين"</a>. المصري اليوم.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%87%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%9F..+%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86&rft.pub=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasryalyoum.com%2Fnode%2F770421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/39368/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Suleiman-exit-could-benefit-Shafiq,-Moussa-Poll--.aspx">"Suleiman exit could benefit Shafiq, Moussa: Poll"</a>. <i>Ahram Online</i>. 16 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ahram+Online&rft.atitle=Suleiman+exit+could+benefit+Shafiq%2C+Moussa%3A+Poll&rft.date=2012-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F36%2F122%2F39368%2FPresidential-elections-%2FPresidential-elections-news%2FSuleiman-exit-could-benefit-Shafiq%2C-Moussa-Poll--.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230163031/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/143747.aspx">"في الاستطلاع الأسبوعي لمركز الدراسات بـ الأهرام تقدم سليمان علي حساب موسي وشفيق"</a>. <i>Al-Ahram</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/143747.aspx">the original</a> on 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Ahram&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D9%80+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85+%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahram.org.eg%2FAl-Ahram-Files%2FNews%2F143747.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801074557/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-barred-abu-ismail-led-poll-now-moussa-rocketing-list-presidential-runners-news1">"Poll: Moussa tops list of presidential candidates after Abu Ismail barred"</a>. <i>Egypt Independent</i>. 23 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-barred-abu-ismail-led-poll-now-moussa-rocketing-list-presidential-runners-news1">the original</a> on 1 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Egypt+Independent&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Moussa+tops+list+of+presidential+candidates+after+Abu+Ismail+barred&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egyptindependent.com%2Fnews%2Fpoll-barred-abu-ismail-led-poll-now-moussa-rocketing-list-presidential-runners-news1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/792696">"أحدث استطلاعات الرأي: "الطبيب" و"الدبلوماسي" مؤهلان لانتخابات الإعادة في الرئاسة"</a>. <i>Al Masry Al Youm</i>. 23 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Masry+Al+Youm&rft.atitle=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A%3A+%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%22+%D9%88%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%22+%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasryalyoum.com%2Fnode%2F792696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNamatalla2012" class="citation news cs1">Namatalla, Ahmed (24 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722102215/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-24/most-egyptians-undecided-before-presidential-vote-poll-shows">"Most Egyptians Undecided Before Presidential Vote, Poll Shows"</a>. <i>Bloomberg News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-24/most-egyptians-undecided-before-presidential-vote-poll-shows">the original</a> on 22 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Most+Egyptians+Undecided+Before+Presidential+Vote%2C+Poll+Shows&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Namatalla&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fnews%2F2012-04-24%2Fmost-egyptians-undecided-before-presidential-vote-poll-shows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/poll-puts-amr-moussa-as-leading-candidate-for-egyptian-presidancy/">"Poll puts Amr Moussa as leading candidate for Egyptian presidency"</a>. 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poll+puts+Amr+Moussa+as+leading+candidate+for+Egyptian+presidency&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fpoll-puts-amr-moussa-as-leading-candidate-for-egyptian-presidancy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130103023258/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/146430.aspx">"في استطلاع مركز الأهرام للدراسات السياسية موسي يتصدر المرشحين للرئاسة يليه أبوالفتوح"</a>. <i>Al Ahram</i>. 30 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/146430.aspx">the original</a> on 3 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Ahram&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahram.org.eg%2FAl-Ahram-Files%2FNews%2F146430.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/807336">"أحدث استطلاعات الرأي: "أبو الفتوح" يحتفظ بالمقدمة.. وارتفاع طفيف لمؤيدي "موسى" (3)"</a>. <i>Al Masry Al Youm</i>. 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Masry+Al+Youm&rft.atitle=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A%3A+%22%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%22+%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B8+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9..+%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%81+%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A+%22%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%22+%283%29&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasryalyoum.com%2Fnode%2F807336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/238986">"Egyptian Poll: Close between Moussa and Al Futuh"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Egyptian+Poll%3A+Close+between+Moussa+and+Al+Futuh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FFlash.aspx%2F238986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105191851/http://www3.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=670486&SecID=97&IssueID=0">"مجلس الوزراء يجرى استطلاعًا عن طبيعة رؤية المواطن المصرى للرئيس الجديد"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=670486&SecID=97&IssueID=0">the original</a> on 5 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%89+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8B%D8%A7+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.youm7.com%2FNews.asp%3FNewsID%3D670486%26SecID%3D97%26IssueID%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510195830/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1">"Poll: Moussa leads presidential race with 39%, Abouel Fotouh in second"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/poll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1">the original</a> on 10 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Moussa+leads+presidential+race+with+39%25%2C+Abouel+Fotouh+in+second&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egyptindependent.com%2Fnews%2Fpoll-moussa-leads-presidential-runners-39-abouel-fotouh-24-shafiq-172-news1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231120921/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/147845.aspx">"في الاستطلاع الأسبوعي لمركز الأهرام للدراسات موسي في الصدارة يليه أبو الفتوح وشفيق"</a>. <i>al ahram</i>. 7 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/147845.aspx">the original</a> on 31 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al+ahram&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD+%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&rft.date=2012-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahram.org.eg%2FAl-Ahram-Files%2FNews%2F147845.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=10052012&id=c4d05544-1898-4daa-aa5d-d62ce966af7e">"نتائج استطلاع (الشروق) حول الانتخابات الرئاسية يكشف: ثلث المصريين لم يحسم مرشحه للرئاسة"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%28%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%29+%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%3A+%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%85+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%87+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shorouknews.com%2Fnews%2Fview.aspx%3Fcdate%3D10052012%26id%3Dc4d05544-1898-4daa-aa5d-d62ce966af7e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/827141">"المصري اليوم تنشر أحدث استطلاعات رأى للسباق الرئاسى (4)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%89+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89+%284%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasryalyoum.com%2Fnode%2F827141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/41405/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/AbulFotouh-leads-presidential-race,-new-Cabinet-su.aspx">"Abul-Fotouh leads presidential race, new Cabinet survey reveals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abul-Fotouh+leads+presidential+race%2C+new+Cabinet+survey+reveals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F36%2F122%2F41405%2FPresidential-elections-%2FPresidential-elections-news%2FAbulFotouh-leads-presidential-race%2C-new-Cabinet-su.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AhramPossibleRunoffs-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AhramPossibleRunoffs_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AhramPossibleRunoffs_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/41592/Egypt/Politics-/AbulFotouh-dips,-Moussa-holds-steady-in-Ahram-pres.aspx">"Abul-Fotouh dips, Moussa holds steady in Ahram presidential poll"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abul-Fotouh+dips%2C+Moussa+holds+steady+in+Ahram+presidential+poll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F1%2F64%2F41592%2FEgypt%2FPolitics-%2FAbulFotouh-dips%2C-Moussa-holds-steady-in-Ahram-pres.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230211404/http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/149163.aspx"><bdi lang="ar">في استطلاع مركز الأهرام للدراسات السياسية : موسى في المقدمة وصعود شفيق ومرسي علي حساب أبوالفتوح والعوا</bdi></a>. <i>Al Ahram</i> (in Arabic). 14 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahram.org.eg/Al-Ahram-Files/News/149163.aspx">the original</a> on 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Ahram&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%3A+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahram.org.eg%2FAl-Ahram-Files%2FNews%2F149163.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/842936">"أحدث اسـتطلاعات الرأي: "موسى" يتخلى عن المقدمة لـ"شفيق" و"أبوالفتوح" الثالث (5)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%80%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A%3A+%22%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%22+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%80%22%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82%22+%D9%88%22%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%22+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB+%285%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasryalyoum.com%2Fnode%2F842936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/41652/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Govt-poll-shows-Shafiq-leading-Egyptian-presidenti.aspx">"Govt poll shows Shafiq leading Egyptian presidential race"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Govt+poll+shows+Shafiq+leading+Egyptian+presidential+race&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F36%2F122%2F41652%2FPresidential-elections-%2FPresidential-elections-news%2FGovt-poll-shows-Shafiq-leading-Egyptian-presidenti.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516041257/http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/news?params=172113">"شفيق يتصدر استطلاع مركز المعلومات يليه موسى .. وتراجع ابو الفتوح"</a>. <i>Egypt News</i>. 14 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/news?params=172113">the original</a> on 16 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Egypt+News&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89+..+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egynews.net%2Fwps%2Fportal%2Fnews%3Fparams%3D172113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masrawy.com/news/Egypt/Politics/2012/May/19/5028624.aspx">"شفيق يتصدر استطلاع مركز المعلومات للأسبوع الثانى يليه موسي"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89+%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masrawy.com%2Fnews%2FEgypt%2FPolitics%2F2012%2FMay%2F19%2F5028624.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlahramTwoPolls-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlahramTwoPolls_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlahramTwoPolls_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/42121/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Moussa,-Shafiq-lead-Egypt-presidential-race-Opinio.aspx">"Moussa, Shafiq lead Egypt presidential race: Opinion polls"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Moussa%2C+Shafiq+lead+Egypt+presidential+race%3A+Opinion+polls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F36%2F122%2F42121%2FPresidential-elections-%2FPresidential-elections-news%2FMoussa%2C-Shafiq-lead-Egypt-presidential-race-Opinio.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=19052012&id=3447bb39-395b-44b4-ac77-7cda4483e61d">"آخر استطلاع لـ"الشروق": موسى وأبو الفتوح كتفاً بكتف"</a>. <i>shorouk</i>. 19 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=shorouk&rft.atitle=%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D9%84%D9%80%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%22%3A+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89+%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD+%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%81&rft.date=2012-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shorouknews.com%2Fnews%2Fview.aspx%3Fcdate%3D19052012%26id%3D3447bb39-395b-44b4-ac77-7cda4483e61d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisionwire.com/university-of-maryland--college-park/r/muslim-brotherhood-candidate-trails-in-race-for-egypt-s-presidency--umd-poll,c9262466">"Muslim Brotherhood Candidate Trails in Race for Egypt's Presidency: UMD Poll"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Muslim+Brotherhood+Candidate+Trails+in+Race+for+Egypt%27s+Presidency%3A+UMD+Poll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cisionwire.com%2Funiversity-of-maryland--college-park%2Fr%2Fmuslim-brotherhood-candidate-trails-in-race-for-egypt-s-presidency--umd-poll%2Cc9262466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/05/21-egyptian-election-poll-telhami">"What Do Egyptians Want? Key Findings from the Egyptian Public Opinion Poll"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Do+Egyptians+Want%3F+Key+Findings+from+the+Egyptian+Public+Opinion+Poll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fresearch%2Freports%2F2012%2F05%2F21-egyptian-election-poll-telhami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/05/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Project-Egypt-Report-FINAL-May-8-2012-2PM-ET.pdf">https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/05/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Project-Egypt-Report-FINAL-May-8-2012-2PM-ET.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2012/05/08/egyptians-remain-optimistic-embrace-democracy-and-religion-in-political-life/">"Egyptians Remain Optimistic, Embrace Democracy and Religion in Political Life"</a>. 8 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egyptians+Remain+Optimistic%2C+Embrace+Democracy+and+Religion+in+Political+Life&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fglobal%2F2012%2F05%2F08%2Fegyptians-remain-optimistic-embrace-democracy-and-religion-in-political-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/05/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Project-Egypt-Report-FINAL-May-8-2012-2PM-ET.pdf">https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/05/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Project-Egypt-Report-FINAL-May-8-2012-2PM-ET.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/04/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Egypt-Report-FINAL-April-25-2011.pdf">https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/04/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Egypt-Report-FINAL-April-25-2011.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.canadianbusiness.com/article/88842--state-tv-egypt-s-benchmark-stock-index-closes-with-record-gain-of-7-5-per-cent">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912152105/http://pres2012.elections.eg/index.php/round2-results">"الانتخابات الرئاسية 2012 – الموقع الرسمي للجنة الانتخابات الرئاسية"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>candidates who advanced to the runoff were extremely polarizing: the Islamist Morsi and the Mubarak regime holdover Shafik. Just under half the first-round votes went to the other three candidates, who were more in the middle of Egypt's political spectrum. The moderate vote split in three</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Palestinians%27+flawed+2006+elections+empowered+Hamas+%E2%80%94+and+destroyed+democracy&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2023%2F10%2F30%2Fhamas-flawed-elections-popularity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227023635/https://www.eisa.org/wep/egy2012results.htm">"EISA Egypt: 2012 Presidential election results"</a>. 27 December 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eisa.org/wep/egy2012results.htm">the original</a> on 27 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EISA+Egypt%3A+2012+Presidential+election+results&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisa.org%2Fwep%2Fegy2012results.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbadeerBlackmanWilliamson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Abadeer, Caroline; Blackman, Alexandra Domike; Williamson, Scott (28 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-01001001">"Voting in Transition: Participation and Alienation in Egypt's 2012 Presidential Election"</a>. <i>Middle East Law and Governance</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 25–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18763375-01001001">10.1163/18763375-01001001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1876-3367">1876-3367</a>. <q>Despite performing relatively well, Sabahi, Aboul Fotouh, and Moussa appeared to split each other's votes. In the final results, Morsi and Shafiq took the first and second spots to compete in the run-off</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Law+and+Governance&rft.atitle=Voting+in+Transition%3A+Participation+and+Alienation+in+Egypt%27s+2012+Presidential+Election&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-58&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18763375-01001001&rft.issn=1876-3367&rft.aulast=Abadeer&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Blackman%2C+Alexandra+Domike&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F18763375-01001001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArafat2017" class="citation cs2">Arafat, Alaa Al-Din (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-53712-2_7">"Muslim Brotherhood and the Presidential Elections"</a>, <i>The Rise of Islamism in Egypt</i>, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 195–216, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-53712-2_7">10.1007/978-3-319-53712-2_7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-53711-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-53711-5"><bdi>978-3-319-53711-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>, <q>Three candidates were thought to be out of the running: Mohamed Morsi, because of his radical views and discourse; Ahmed Shafiq, because of his relations with Mubarak … the non-Islamist vote had been split three ways</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rise+of+Islamism+in+Egypt&rft.atitle=Muslim+Brotherhood+and+the+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=195-216&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-53712-2_7&rft.isbn=978-3-319-53711-5&rft.aulast=Arafat&rft.aufirst=Alaa+Al-Din&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-53712-2_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Even if all other 8 candidates transferred all their ballots to Moussa, 13.36 is still less than Fotouh's 17.47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621015324/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/26/216677.html">"Egypt's third runner-up seeks election suspension: lawyer"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egypt%27s+third+runner-up+seeks+election+suspension%3A+lawyer&rft.pub=English.alarabiya.net&rft.date=2012-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2012%2F05%2F26%2F216677.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-election-sabahi-idUSKBN0EA26W20140530/">"Egypt's Sabahi contests presidential elections results"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 30 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+Sabahi+contests+presidential+elections+results&rft.date=2014-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-egypt-election-sabahi-idUSKBN0EA26W20140530%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0EC1TW/">"Egypt rejects appeal of defeated presidential candidate"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 1 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Egypt+rejects+appeal+of+defeated+presidential+candidate&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSKBN0EC1TW%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYossi_Beilin2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Beilin" title="Yossi Beilin">Yossi Beilin</a> (18 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818152944/http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_opinion.php?id=5395">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Morsi didn't win the elections'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Hayom" title="Israel Hayom">Israel Hayom</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bearingdrift.com&rft.atitle=Did+Morsi+actually+LOSE+the+Egyptian+election%3F+%7C+Bearing+Drift&rft.date=2013-08-19&rft.aulast=August+19&rft.aufirst=D.+J.+McGuire+%2F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbearingdrift.com%2F2013%2F08%2F19%2Fdid-morsi-actually-lose-the-egyptian-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/45350/Egypt/Politics-/URGENT-English-text-of-SCAF-amended-Egypt-Constitu.aspx">"English text of SCAF amended Egypt Constitutional Declaration – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online"</a>. English.ahram.org.eg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+text+of+SCAF+amended+Egypt+Constitutional+Declaration+%E2%80%93+Politics+%E2%80%93+Egypt+%E2%80%93+Ahram+Online&rft.pub=English.ahram.org.eg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F1%2F64%2F45350%2FEgypt%2FPolitics-%2FURGENT-English-text-of-SCAF-amended-Egypt-Constitu.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Khawas2012" class="citation journal cs1">El-Khawas, Mohamed (2012). "Egypt's Unfinished Revolution". <i>Mediterranean Quarterly</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 52–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10474552-1540693">10.1215/10474552-1540693</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154366887">154366887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+Unfinished+Revolution&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52-66&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10474552-1540693&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154366887%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=El-Khawas&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartini2012" class="citation news cs1">Martini, Jeff (19 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137513/jeff-martini/cairos-candidate-shuffle">"Cairo's Candidate Shuffle: Fewer Contenders, Same Policies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Cairo%27s+Candidate+Shuffle%3A+Fewer+Contenders%2C+Same+Policies&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Martini&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F137513%2Fjeff-martini%2Fcairos-candidate-shuffle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamaan2012" class="citation news cs1">Samaan, Magdy (9 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801064338/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/09/vox_pop_egyptians_prepare_to_choose_a_president">"Vox Pop: Egyptians Prepare to Choose a President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/09/vox_pop_egyptians_prepare_to_choose_a_president">the original</a> on 1 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Vox+Pop%3A+Egyptians+Prepare+to+Choose+a+President&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft.aulast=Samaan&rft.aufirst=Magdy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F05%2F09%2Fvox_pop_egyptians_prepare_to_choose_a_president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2012+Egyptian+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Egyptian_presidential_election&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725043143/http://www.aucegypt.edu/GAPP/CairoReview/Pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid=162">Candidates in the 2012 Egyptian Presidential Election</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_University_in_Cairo" title="American University in Cairo">American University in Cairo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.eg/">The official website of Supreme Committee for Presidential Elections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/05/egypt_leaders.html/">Future Leaders of Egypt Bios on the Center for American Progress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116034051/http://egypt.jadaliyya.com/">Egypt Elections Watch</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jadaliyya" title="Jadaliyya">Jadaliyya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529054156/http://egyptelectsblog.com/">Egypt Elects</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/41802/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Egypts-presidential-favourites-Where-they-stand,-i.aspx">Egypt's presidential favourites: Where they stand, issue by issue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/36418/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Ahram-Online-presents-The-Idiots-Guide-to-Egypt%E2%80%99s-.aspx">Guide to Egypt’s presidential elections 2012</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2012/may/24/egypt-election-day-2-live">Egyptian presidential election, 2012 coverage at <i>The Guardian</i></a></li> <li>Joseph Mayton <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.qantara.de/From-Outlier-to-Serious-Contender/19143c20191i1p497/index.html">"Egyptian Presidential Candidate Hamdeen Sabahi: From Outlier to Serious Contender,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620011718/http://en.qantara.de/From-Outlier-to-Serious-Contender/19143c20191i1p497/index.html">Archived</a> 20 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Qantara.de (22 May 2012).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/36/122/43085/Presidential-elections-/Presidential-elections-news/Presidential-finalists-Mursi-vs-Shafiq-Where-they-.aspx">Presidential finalists Mursi vs Shafiq: Where they stand, issue by issue</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Egypt&#124;link=Egypt_Elections_and_referendums_in_Egypt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_elections" title="Template:Egyptian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_elections" title="Template talk:Egyptian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Egypt&#124;link=Egypt_Elections_and_referendums_in_Egypt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Egypt" title="Elections in Egypt">Elections and referendums in Egypt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Egyptian_referendum" title="1956 Egyptian referendum">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Egyptian_United_Arab_Republic_referendum" title="1958 Egyptian United Arab Republic referendum">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_United_Arab_Republic_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1965 United Arab Republic presidential confirmation referendum">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Arab_Republic_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1970 United Arab Republic presidential confirmation referendum">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Egyptian_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1976 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Egyptian_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1981 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Egyptian_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1987 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Egyptian_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1993 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Egyptian_presidential_confirmation_referendum" title="1999 Egyptian presidential confirmation referendum">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2005 Egyptian presidential election">2005</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2014 Egyptian presidential election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2018 Egyptian presidential election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2023 Egyptian presidential election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">Parliamentary elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1883_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1883 Egyptian parliamentary election">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1889_Egyptian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1889 Egyptian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1895_Egyptian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1895 Egyptian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_Egyptian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1901 Egyptian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1907_Egyptian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1907 Egyptian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_Egyptian_parliamentary_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1913 Egyptian parliamentary election (page does not exist)">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923%E2%80%9324_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1923–24 Egyptian parliamentary election">1923–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1925 Egyptian parliamentary election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1926 Egyptian parliamentary election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1929 Egyptian parliamentary election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1936 Egyptian parliamentary election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1942 Egyptian parliamentary election">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1945 Egyptian parliamentary election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1950 Egyptian parliamentary election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1957 Egyptian parliamentary election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Arab_Republic_parliamentary_election" title="1964 United Arab Republic parliamentary election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_United_Arab_Republic_parliamentary_election" title="1969 United Arab Republic parliamentary election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1971 Egyptian parliamentary election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1976 Egyptian parliamentary election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1979 Egyptian parliamentary election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1984 Egyptian parliamentary election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1987 Egyptian parliamentary election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Egyptian parliamentary election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="1995 Egyptian parliamentary election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2000 Egyptian parliamentary election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2005 Egyptian parliamentary election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Egyptian parliamentary election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election">2011–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2015 Egyptian parliamentary election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Egyptian parliamentary election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" title="2025 Egyptian parliamentary election"><i>2025</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Senate elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Egyptian Shura Council election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election" title="2007 Egyptian Shura Council election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election" title="2010 Egyptian Shura Council election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election" title="2012 Egyptian Shura Council election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Egyptian_Senate_election" title="2020 Egyptian Senate election">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Egyptian_municipal_elections" title="2008 Egyptian municipal elections">2008</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Egyptian_municipal_elections" title="Next Egyptian municipal elections">Next</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Egyptian_referendum" title="1956 Egyptian referendum">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Egyptian_United_Arab_Republic_referendum" title="1958 Egyptian United Arab Republic referendum">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_Arab_Republic_30_March_Program_referendum" title="1968 United Arab Republic 30 March Program referendum">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Egyptian_Federation_of_Arab_Republics_referendum" title="1971 Egyptian Federation of Arab Republics referendum">1971 (1 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="1971 Egyptian constitutional referendum">1971 (11 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Egyptian_October_Paper_referendum" title="1974 Egyptian October Paper referendum">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Egyptian_protection_of_national_unity_referendum" title="1977 Egyptian protection of national unity referendum">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Egyptian_protection_of_national_unity_and_social_peace_referendum" title="1978 Egyptian protection of national unity and social peace referendum">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Egyptian_referendum" title="1979 Egyptian referendum">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="1980 Egyptian constitutional referendum">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Egyptian_protection_of_national_unity_referendum" title="1981 Egyptian protection of national unity referendum">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Egyptian_electoral_reform_referendum" title="1987 Egyptian electoral reform referendum">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Egyptian_parliamentary_dissolution_referendum" title="1990 Egyptian parliamentary dissolution referendum">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2005 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Egypt&#124;link=Egypt_2012_Egyptian_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_presidential_elections_2012" title="Template:Egyptian presidential elections 2012"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_presidential_elections_2012" title="Template talk:Egyptian presidential elections 2012"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_presidential_elections_2012" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian presidential elections 2012"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Egypt&#124;link=Egypt_2012_Egyptian_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">2012 Egyptian presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates advancing to the second round</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Runner-up</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates losing in the first round</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_Moussa" title="Amr Moussa">Amr Moussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Ali" title="Khaled Ali">Khaled Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Al-Izz_Al-Hariri" title="Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri">Abu Al-Izz Al-Hariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Bastawisy" title="Hisham Bastawisy">Hisham Bastawisy</a></li> <li>Mahmoud Houssam</li> <li>Mohammad Fawzi Issa</li> <li>Houssam Khairallah</li> <li>Abdullah Alashaal</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disqualified candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazem_Salah_Abu_Ismail" title="Hazem Salah Abu Ismail">Hazem Salah Abu Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairat_El-Shater" class="mw-redirect" title="Khairat El-Shater">Khairat El-Shater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_presidential_debate,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian presidential debate, 2012">Presidential debate</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Egyptian_Crisis_(2011–2014)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_Crisis" title="Template:Egyptian Crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_Crisis" title="Template talk:Egyptian Crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_Crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian Crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Egyptian_Crisis_(2011–2014)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">Revolution of 2011</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Hosni_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Resignation of Hosni Mubarak">Resignation of Hosni Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Domestic responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="International reactions to the Egyptian revolution of 2011">International reactions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tantawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Tantawi">Tantawi</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_Crisis_under_the_Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_post-Mubarak_electoral_politics_of_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in post-Mubarak electoral politics of Egypt">Muslim Brotherhood (post-Mubarak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trials_and_judicial_hearings_following_the_Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Trials and judicial hearings following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Trials and judicial hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt_under_the_Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Human rights in Egypt under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">Human rights in Egypt under the SCAF</a></li> <li>Reform process <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_constitutional_review_committee_of_2011" title="Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011">Constitutional review committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2011 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constitutional_Declaration_of_2011" title="Egyptian Constitutional Declaration of 2011">2011 Constitutional Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_attack_on_the_Israeli_Embassy_in_Egypt" title="2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt">2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_Crisis_under_the_Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces#November" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">November 2011 Tahrir clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Stadium_riot" title="Port Said Stadium riot">Port Said Stadium riot</a></li> <li>Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Egyptian_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Egyptian parliamentary election">2011–2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Egyptian_Shura_Council_election" title="2012 Egyptian Shura Council election">2012 Shura Council election</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2012 presidential election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Morsi</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_Crisis_under_Mohamed_Morsi" title="Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under Mohamed Morsi">Timeline</a></li> <li>Reform process <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constituent_Assembly_of_2012" title="Egyptian Constituent Assembly of 2012">Constituent Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2012 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constitution_of_2012" title="Egyptian Constitution of 2012">2012 Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Egyptian_protests" title="2012–2013 Egyptian protests">2012–2013 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2013_Egyptian_protests" title="June 2013 Egyptian protests">June 2013 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Adly_Mansour" title="Adly Mansour">Mansour</a> government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">2013–2014 post-coup unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Republican_Guard_headquarters_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Republican Guard headquarters clashes">Republican Guard HQ clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2013 Rabaa massacre">August 2013 Rabaa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerdasa_massacre" title="Kerdasa massacre">Kerdasa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kerdasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kerdasa">Battle of Kerdasa</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2013_Mansoura_bombing" title="December 2013 Mansoura bombing">December 2013 Mansoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Cairo_bombings" title="January 2014 Cairo bombings">January 2014 Cairo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reform process <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_constitutional_referendum" title="2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum">2014 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Constitution_of_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Constitution of 2014">2014 Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Egyptian_presidential_election" title="2014 Egyptian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle" title="Operation Eagle">Operation Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">August 2011 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2012_Sinai_attack" title="August 2012 Sinai attack">August 2012 attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinai_(2012)" title="Operation Sinai (2012)">Operation Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Taba_bus_bombing" title="2014 Taba bus bombing">2014 Taba bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2014_Sinai_attacks" title="October 2014 Sinai attacks">October 2014 attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_Square" title="Tahrir Square">Tahrir Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_El_Nil_Bridge" title="Qasr El Nil Bridge">Qasr El Nil Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabaa_Al-Adawiya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque">Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_October_Bridge" title="6th October Bridge">6th October Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Bishr" title="Sidi Bishr">Sidi Bishr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mubarak<br />government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a> (Vice President)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Ahmed Nazif</a> (Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Nazif_Cabinet" title="Nazif Cabinet">Cabinet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a> (Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Shafik_Cabinet" title="Shafik Cabinet">Cabinet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Aboul_Gheit" title="Ahmed Aboul Gheit">Ahmed Aboul Gheit</a> (Foreign Minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_el-Adly" title="Habib el-Adly">Habib el-Adly</a> (Interior Minister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">NDP</a> figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Mubarak" title="Gamal Mubarak">Gamal Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ezz_(businessman)" title="Ahmed Ezz (businessman)">Ahmed Ezz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakaria_Azmi" title="Zakaria Azmi">Zakaria Azmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fathi_Sorour" title="Ahmad Fathi Sorour">Ahmad Fathi Sorour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_El-Sherif" title="Safwat El-Sherif">Safwat El-Sherif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Salem" title="Hussein Salem">Hussein Salem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tantawi<br />government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Supreme Council of the Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tantawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Tantawi">Muhammad Tantawi</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hafez_Anan" title="Sami Hafez Anan">Sami Hafez Anan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohab_Mamish" title="Mohab Mamish">Mohab Mamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reda_Mahmoud_Hafez_Mohamed" title="Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed">Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_El_Aziz_Seif-Eldeen" title="Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen">Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sharaf_Cabinet_(Egypt)" title="Template:Sharaf Cabinet (Egypt)">Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Kamal Ganzouri</a> (Prime Minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Kamel_Amr" title="Mohamed Kamel Amr">Mohamed Kamel Amr</a> (Foreign Minister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morsi<br />government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mekki" title="Mahmoud Mekki">Mahmoud Mekki</a> (Vice President)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesham_Qandil" title="Hesham Qandil">Hesham Qandil</a> (Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Qandil_Cabinet" title="Qandil Cabinet">Cabinet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Kamel_Amr" title="Mohamed Kamel Amr">Mohamed Kamel Amr</a> (Foreign Minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Gamal_el-Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Gamal el-Din">Ahmed Gamal el-Din</a> (Interior Minister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">FJP</a> figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khairat_el-Shater" title="Khairat el-Shater">Khairat el-Shater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Badie" title="Mohammed Badie">Mohammed Badie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essam_el-Erian" title="Essam el-Erian">Essam el-Erian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_El-Katatni" title="Saad El-Katatni">Saad El-Katatni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Beltagy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Beltagy">Mohamed Beltagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_Youth_of_the_Revolution" title="Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution">Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Khaled_Mohamed_Saeed#We_are_all_Khaled_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed">We are all Khaled Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6_Youth_Movement" title="April 6 Youth Movement">April 6 Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefaya" title="Kefaya">Kefaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialists_(Egypt)" title="Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)">Revolutionary Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Egypt_Party" title="Strong Egypt Party">Strong Egypt Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras_Ahlawy" title="Ultras Ahlawy">Al-Ahly Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamalek_SC#Fans_and_Ultras_group" title="Zamalek SC">Zamalek’s Ultras <i>White Knights</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Change" title="National Association for Change">National Association for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">Muslim Brotherhood Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarod" title="Tamarod">Tamarod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Aboul_Fotouh" title="Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh">Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothaina_Kamel" title="Bothaina Kamel">Bothaina Kamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Isaac" title="George Isaac">George Ishak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Ali" title="Khaled Ali">Khaled Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khalil" title="Kamal Khalil">Kamal Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abbas" title="Kamal Abbas">Kamal Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nour" title="Ayman Nour">Ayman Nour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameh_Naguib" title="Sameh Naguib">Sameh Naguib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Bastawisy" title="Hisham Bastawisy">Hisham Bastawisy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Ghonim" title="Wael Ghonim">Wael Ghonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigi_Ibrahim" title="Gigi Ibrahim">Gigi Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Badr" title="Mahmoud Badr">Mahmoud Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Maher_(youth_leader)" title="Ahmed Maher (youth leader)">Ahmed Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossam_el-Hamalawy" title="Hossam el-Hamalawy">Hossam el-Hamalawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Khalil" title="Wael Khalil">Wael Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Abbas" title="Wael Abbas">Wael Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawara_Negm" title="Nawara Negm">Nawara Negm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaa_Abd_El-Fattah" title="Alaa Abd El-Fattah">Alaa Abd El-Fattah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Seif" title="Mona Seif">Mona Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmaa_Mahfouz" title="Asmaa Mahfouz">Asmaa Mahfouz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israa_Abdel_Fattah" title="Israa Abdel Fattah">Israa Abdel Fattah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maikel_Nabil_Sanad" title="Maikel Nabil Sanad">Maikel Nabil Sanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Douma" title="Ahmed Douma">Ahmed Douma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Adel" title="Mohammed Adel">Mohammed Adel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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