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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Taiping-rebellie&returntoquery=oldid%3D2478119" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Taiping-rebellie&returntoquery=oldid%3D2478119" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oorsake_van_die_opstand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsake_van_die_opstand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oorsake van die opstand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorsake_van_die_opstand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_suksesvolle_begin_van_die_opstand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_suksesvolle_begin_van_die_opstand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Die suksesvolle begin van die opstand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_suksesvolle_begin_van_die_opstand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissipline,_puritanisme_in_fanatisme_van_die_Taiping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissipline,_puritanisme_in_fanatisme_van_die_Taiping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dissipline, puritanisme in fanatisme van die Taiping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissipline,_puritanisme_in_fanatisme_van_die_Taiping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_vis_begin_vrot_van_die_kop_af" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_vis_begin_vrot_van_die_kop_af"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Die vis begin vrot van die kop af</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_vis_begin_vrot_van_die_kop_af-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondergang_van_die_Taiping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondergang_van_die_Taiping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ondergang van die Taiping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondergang_van_die_Taiping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gevolge_van_die_Taiping-rebellie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gevolge_van_die_Taiping-rebellie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gevolge van die Taiping-rebellie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gevolge_van_die_Taiping-rebellie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiese_perspektief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_perspektief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Historiese perspektief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiese_perspektief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Bronne subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moderne_monografieë_en_opnames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_monografieë_en_opnames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Moderne monografieë en opnames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_monografieë_en_opnames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vakkundige_artikels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vakkundige_artikels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Vakkundige artikels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vakkundige_artikels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primêre_bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primêre_bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Primêre bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primêre_bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taiping-rebellie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 65 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="تمرد تايبينغ – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تمرد تايبينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%C3%B3n_Taiping" title="Rebelión Taiping – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rebelión Taiping" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taypin_%C3%BCsyan%C4%B1" title="Taypin üsyanı – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taypin üsyanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82_%D8%B9%DB%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تایپینق عۆصیانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تایپینق عۆصیانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Тайпінскае паўстанне – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тайпінскае паўстанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Тайпинско въстание – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тайпинско въстание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebel%C2%B7li%C3%B3_dels_Taiping" title="Rebel·lió dels Taiping – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rebel·lió dels Taiping" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povst%C3%A1n%C3%AD_tchaj-pching%C5%AF" title="Povstání tchaj-pchingů – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Povstání tchaj-pchingů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipingopr%C3%B8ret" title="Taipingoprøret – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Taipingoprøret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping-Aufstand" title="Taiping-Aufstand – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taiping-Aufstand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Εξέγερση των Ταϊπίνγκ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξέγερση των Ταϊπίνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Taiping Rebellion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajpinga_ribelo" title="Tajpinga ribelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tajpinga ribelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%C3%B3n_Taiping" title="Rebelión Taiping – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rebelión Taiping" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipingi_%C3%BClest%C3%B5us" title="Taipingi ülestõus – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taipingi ülestõus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_matxinada" title="Taiping matxinada – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taiping matxinada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شورش تایپینگ – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورش تایپینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping-kapina" title="Taiping-kapina – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taiping-kapina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_Taiping" title="Révolte des Taiping – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Révolte des Taiping" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="מרד טאיפינג – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרד טאיפינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9" title="ताइपिंग विद्रोह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताइपिंग विद्रोह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajpin%C5%A1ki_ustanak" title="Tajpinški ustanak – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tajpinški ustanak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajping-felkel%C3%A9s" title="Tajping-felkelés – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tajping-felkelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տայպինյան ապստամբություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տայպինյան ապստամբություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_Taiping" title="Pemberontakan Taiping – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemberontakan Taiping" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping-uppreisnin" title="Taiping-uppreisnin – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Taiping-uppreisnin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivolta_dei_Taiping" title="Rivolta dei Taiping – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivolta dei Taiping" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1" title="太平天国の乱 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太平天国の乱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_Ribelian" title="Taiping Ribelian – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Taiping Ribelian" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ტაიპინელთა აჯანყება – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაიპინელთა აჯანყება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Тайпиндер көтерілісі – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тайпиндер көтерілісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%88_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಟೈ ಪಿಂಗ್ ದಂಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟೈ ಪಿಂಗ್ ದಂಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%8F%89%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%9C" title="태평천국의 난 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태평천국의 난" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhildana_Taiping" title="Serhildana Taiping – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serhildana Taiping" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D1%88%D2%AF" title="Тайпин көтөрүлүшү – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тайпин көтөрүлүшү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping%C5%B3_sukilimas" title="Taipingų sukilimas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Taipingų sukilimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipinu_sacel%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Taipinu sacelšanās – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taipinu sacelšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82" title="തെയ്പിങ് കലാപം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തെയ്പിങ് കലാപം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Тайпингийн бослого – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тайпингийн бослого" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_Taiping" title="Pemberontakan Taiping – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemberontakan Taiping" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipingopstand" title="Taipingopstand – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taipingopstand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipingoppr%C3%B8ret" title="Taipingopprøret – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Taipingopprøret" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipingoppr%C3%B8ret" title="Taipingopprøret – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Taipingopprøret" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_Taiping" title="Revòuta Taiping – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Revòuta Taiping" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%99_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A4" title="ਤਾਇਪਿੰਙ ਬਗ਼ਾਵਤ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਇਪਿੰਙ ਬਗ਼ਾਵਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powstanie_tajping%C3%B3w" title="Powstanie tajpingów – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powstanie tajpingów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA" title="تائپننگ بغاوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تائپننگ بغاوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%90%D9%86%DA%AB_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA" title="د ټایپېنګ بلوا/بغاوت – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ټایپېنګ بلوا/بغاوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%C3%A3o_Taiping" title="Rebelião Taiping – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rebelião Taiping" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Восстание тайпинов – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восстание тайпинов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Taiping Rebellion" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajpin%C5%A1ki_ustanak" title="Tajpinški ustanak – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tajpinški ustanak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taiping Rebellion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchajpchinsk%C3%A9_povstanie" title="Tchajpchinské povstanie – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tchajpchinské povstanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebelimi_i_Taiping" title="Rebelimi i Taiping – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rebelimi i Taiping" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Тајпиншки устанак – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тајпиншки устанак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipingupproret" title="Taipingupproret – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taipingupproret" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="தைப்பிங் கிளர்ச்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தைப்பிங் கிளர்ச்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7" title="กบฏไท่ผิงเทียนกั๋ว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กบฏไท่ผิงเทียนกั๋ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_Ayaklanmas%C4%B1" title="Taiping Ayaklanması – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taiping Ayaklanması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Тайпінське повстання – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тайпінське повстання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taypin_qo%CA%BBzg%CA%BBoloni" title="Taypin qoʻzgʻoloni – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Taypin qoʻzgʻoloni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%E1%BB%99c_n%E1%BB%95i_d%E1%BA%ADy_Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_Thi%C3%AAn_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Cuộc nổi dậy Thái Bình Thiên Quốc – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuộc nổi dậy Thái Bình Thiên Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="太平天國之亂 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太平天國之亂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="太平天國之亂 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太平天國之亂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192408#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taiping-rebellie" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Taiping-rebellie" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">Weergawe deur <a href="/wiki/Gebruiker:Sobaka" class="mw-userlink" title="Gebruiker:Sobaka" data-mw-revid="2478119"><bdi>Sobaka</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka">besprekings</a> | <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Bydraes/Sobaka" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Spesiaal:Bydraes/Sobaka">bydraes</a>)</span> op 16:42, 19 Januarie 2022 <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Ondergang_van_die_Taiping">→<bdi dir="ltr">Ondergang van die Taiping</bdi></a>: </span> beeld)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiping-rebellie&diff=prev&oldid=2478119" title="Taiping-rebellie">verskil</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiping-rebellie&direction=prev&oldid=2478119" title="Taiping-rebellie">← Ouer weergawe</a> | <a href="/wiki/Taiping-rebellie" title="Taiping-rebellie">bekyk huidige weergawe</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiping-rebellie&diff=cur&oldid=2478119" title="Taiping-rebellie">verskil</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiping-rebellie&direction=next&oldid=2478119" title="Taiping-rebellie">Nuwer weergawe →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiping-rebellie&diff=next&oldid=2478119" title="Taiping-rebellie">verskil</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Taiping-rebellie</b> of <b>Taipingopstand</b> was 'n massiewe <a href="/wiki/Burgeroorlog" title="Burgeroorlog">burgeroorlog</a> in Suid-China van 1850 tot 1864, teen die heersende deur <a href="/wiki/Mantsjoe" title="Mantsjoe">Mantsjoes</a> geleide <a href="/wiki/Qing-dinastie" title="Qing-dinastie">Qing-dinastie</a>. Dit word gelei deur Hong Xiuquan wat in visioene die boodskap gekry het dat hy 'n jonger broer van <a href="/wiki/Jesus_van_Nasaret" title="Jesus van Nasaret">Jesus</a> was. 20 tot 30 miljoen mense, veral burgerlikes, het in een van die dodelikste militêre konflikte in die geskiedenis gesterf. </p><p>Hong het die Hemelse Koninkryk van Volmaakte Vrede gestig met sy hoofstad in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>. Die leër van hierdie koninkryk het groot dele van suidelike China beheer; in sy bloeitydperk het dit 'n gebied beheer wat die tuiste van 30 miljoen mense was. Op die agenda van Hong se volgelinge was sosiale hervormings, soos gemeenskaplike eiendom en gelykheid vir vroue. <a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme" title="Konfusianisme">Konfusianisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhisme</a> en Chinese volksgelowe moes vervang word deur hul weergawe van die <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. As gevolg van hul weiering om 'n vlegsel te dra, is die Taiping-troepe deur hul teenstanders "Langhare" genoem. Die Qing-regering het uiteindelik die opstand met die hulp van die Franse en die Britte verslaan. </p><p>In die 20ste eeu het <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, stigter van die <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>, die opstand as 'n bron van inspirasie gesien. Kommunistiese leier <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> het die Taiping-rebelle geprys as vroeë revolusionêre teen 'n korrupte <a href="/wiki/Feodalisme" title="Feodalisme">feodale stelsel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorsake_van_die_opstand">Oorsake van die opstand</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hong_Xiuquan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hong_Xiuquan.jpg/220px-Hong_Xiuquan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hong_Xiuquan.jpg/330px-Hong_Xiuquan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Hong_Xiuquan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Hong Xiuquan, die leier van die Taiping-rebellie</figcaption></figure> <p>In die middel van die 19de eeu het <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> groot probleme ondervind. Die vernedering deur die Engelse wat die keiserlike leërs in die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Opiumoorlog" title="Eerste Opiumoorlog">Opiumoorlog</a> toegedien is, het die publiek se vertroue in die heersers ernstig geknou. Die bevolking het in die vorige eeu ontplof, van sowat 180 miljoen in 1740 tot sowat 430 miljoen in 1850. Relatief klein versteurings in landbou-opbrengste was reeds in daardie situasie voldoende om ernstige <a href="/wiki/Hongersnood" title="Hongersnood">hongersnood</a> te veroorsaak. Daar was 'n skaarste aan grond en 'n surplus aan arbeid. Gevolglik het die grondeienaars volkome beheer oor die grondlose kleinboere gehad. Soos dikwels in sulke omstandighede in die Chinese geskiedenis die geval was, het groot massas sosiale uitgeworpenes in ontoeganklike berg- en moerasgebiede op die grense van die provinsies saamgedrom. Dit het steeds groeiende groepe rowers gevorm wat al hoe moeiliker deur die provinsiale administrateurs in toom gehou kon word. </p><p>Omstreeks 1847 het Hong Xiuqian 'n sekte in die suide van China gestig. Hy het behoort aan die <a href="/wiki/Hakka_(volk)" title="Hakka (volk)">Hakka</a>-mense, 'n ietwat marginale groep in die Chinese bevolking, wat die bergagtige grensgebied tussen die provinsies <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> bewoon het. Hy wou oorspronklik 'n mandaryn (administratiewe beampte) word. In 1837 het Hong, toe nog onder die naam Hong Renkun, vir die derde keer gepoog om die vereiste eksamens op provinsiale vlak in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> te slaag. Daar het hy 'n boek deur Liang Fa, die eerste Chinese evangelis, van twee mans ontvang, insluitend die sendeling Edwin Stevens wat as 'n Chinees vermom is. Hong het die boek <i>Good Words for the Exhortation of the Times</i> huis toe geneem, maar nie verder daarvan kennis geneem nie. Nadat hy die boodskap ontvang het dat hy weer misluk het, het hy in psigose gegaan en 'n aantal visioene gehad. In 1843 het Hong die eksamen vir die vierde keer gedruip en toe die boek van evangelis Liang Fa gelees. Hy het die inhoud van sy vroeëre visioene in Christelike terme uit die Skrif geïnterpreteer. Hy het oortuig geraak dat hy die jonger broer van Jesus Christus was. Die kern van Liang Fa se argument – die behoefte aan moreel korrekte gedrag en die kontras tussen die uitverkorenes en die verdoemdes – het hy as basis geneem vir die <a href="/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie">ideologie</a> wat tot die Taiping-rebellie gelei het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_suksesvolle_begin_van_die_opstand">Die suksesvolle begin van die opstand</h2></div> <p>Spoedig het die sosiale uitgeworpenes hulle by die duisende by die kultusleier aangesluit. Toe die provinsiale owerhede die sekte in 1851 probeer ontbind, trek hulle terug na 'n onherbergsame gebied en het 'n <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla-oorlogvoering" title="Guerrilla-oorlogvoering">guerrilla-stryd</a> begin. Baie lede van die <a href="/wiki/Miao" title="Miao">Miao</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Zhuang" title="Zhuang">Zhuang</a>-minderheidsvolke sluit ook by die guerrilla-weermag aan, wat binnekort groei tot etlike tienduisende, en dan etlike honderdduisende troepe. Die een distrikshoofstad na die ander word verower. In die houtskoolbrander Yang Xiuqing (楊秀清), wat binnekort die titel van Koning van die Ooste sal kry, vind Hong 'n bekwame militêre bevelvoerder. In 1852 verower Yang die stad <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>-provinsie. </p><p>In Maart 1853 het die Taiping-leër gevorder tot by Nanjing, die tweede belangrikste stad in China ná <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. Na 'n beleg van slegs 11 dae word die stad ingeneem. 30 000 keiserlike soldate en duisende burgerlikes van die stad word deur die opstandelinge vermoor. Skaars een Mantsjoe in die stad slaag daarin om die slagting te ontsnap. Nanjing word nou die hoofstad van die Hemelse Koninkryk van Volmaakte Vrede. Hong het 'n wonderlike nuwe paleis vir homself gebou in die middel van 'n Verbode Stad; net soos die van die Mantsjoe-keiser in Beijing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissipline,_puritanisme_in_fanatisme_van_die_Taiping"><span id="Dissipline.2C_puritanisme_in_fanatisme_van_die_Taiping"></span>Dissipline, puritanisme in fanatisme van die Taiping</h2></div> <p>Die opstandige leër is gekenmerk deur streng dissipline, puritanisme en fanatisme. Die soldate het rooi baadjies, blou broeke en lang hare gedra (die gevlegte stert wat die Chinese deur die Mantsjoes opgelê is, was 'n taboe onder die Taiping). Die mans en vroue wat in die weermag diens gedoen het, het in afgesonderde kampe gewoon en enige vorm van seksuele kontak was met die dood strafbaar. </p><p>Soos dikwels die geval is in <a href="/wiki/Burgeroorlog" title="Burgeroorlog">burgeroorloë</a>, was die morale element geneig om 'n veel groter rol te speel as die aantal soldate. Solank as wat die moraal hoog was aan die kant van die Taiping was, het die beweging onstuitbaar gelyk. Die elite van Keiserlike China het nog altyd 'n neiging gehad om sy soldate te minag, wat daartoe bygedra het dat die opleiding en moraal van hierdie troepe dikwels baie swak was. </p><p>Die Taipingondersteuners was gevul met 'n vurige begeerte vir hervorming. Hulle het gedroom van 'n welsynstaat gebaseer op sosiale geregtigheid. Hulle heerskappy was 'n revolusionêre breuk met Chinese tradisie: </p> <ul><li>Amptenare is nie meer op hul kennis van die Konfusianistiese klassieke werke getoets nie, maar op dié van die <a href="/wiki/Bybel" title="Bybel">Bybel</a>.</li> <li>Privaat eiendom is afgeskaf; al die grond het aan die staat behoort, wat dit onder die boerefamilies verdeel het.</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Maankalender" title="Maankalender">maankalender</a> is vervang deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Sonkalender" title="Sonkalender">sonkalender</a>,</li> <li>Die sosiale klasse is afgeskaf en die gelykheid van die geslagte is verkondig. Bind van vroue se voete was verbode.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">Opium</a>, dobbelary, <a href="/wiki/Tabak" title="Tabak">tabak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poligamie" title="Poligamie">poligamie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slawerny" title="Slawerny">slawerny</a> en <a href="/wiki/Prostitusie" title="Prostitusie">prostitusie</a> is verbied.</li></ul> <p>Agrariese hervorming is ook afgekondig, waardeur elke gesin 'n hoeveelheid grond sou kry wat ietwat kon verskil volgens vrugbaarheid en die aantal mans wat geskik is vir werk. Elke gesin is toegelaat om 'n maksimum van 25 hoenders en twee varke te hê. 25 gesinne het saam 'n gemeenskap met 'n kerk gevorm. </p><p>In die praktyk kom hierdie hervorming egter nie op veel neer nie. Buite die groot stede was die beheer van die Taiping-leiers beperk. </p><p>Robert M. Gimello in <i>Ch'eng-kuan on the Huayen Trinity</i> (1996) wys onder andere daarop dat die Taiping-opstandelinge ook Boeddhistiese biblioteke vernietig het. In die praktyk het dit gelei tot 'n Sino-Japannese samewerking tussen Yang Wenhui en Nanjiō Bunyū. Albei het die Boeddhistiese kanon wat op daardie tydstip nog in Japan was, soveel as moontlik bymekaar gebring en dit vanaf ongeveer 1890 gepubliseer onder die naam Nanjiō-versameling, 'n bloemlesing wat gereeld geraadpleeg word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_vis_begin_vrot_van_die_kop_af">Die vis begin vrot van die kop af</h2></div> <p>Die Hemelse Koning Hong het die verowerde gebied in vier Koninkryke verdeel, vernoem na die vier kardinale punte. Hong se regime was 'n teokratiese en militêre <a href="/wiki/Diktatuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diktatuur">diktatuur</a>. </p><p>Die groot militêre leier Yang was Koning van die Ooste. Hy het streng dissipline onder sy soldate met groot wreedheid gekombineer. Hy het talle mense lewendig laat verbrand vir verskeie misdade. Hong het begin onttrek aan die daaglikse bestuur, oënskynlik om in <a href="/wiki/Meditasie" title="Meditasie">meditasie</a> te gaan. In werklikheid het hy homself meer en meer aan die plesier van die paleis- en haremslewe gegee (die verbod op poligamie was nie op homself van toepassing nie). As gevolg hiervan het mag toenemend in die hande van Yang geval. Toe laasgenoemde homself as 'n mededinger van Hong begin posisioneer het, het die Hemelse Koning die hulp van een van sy ander tweede-in-bevele, Wei Changhui, die Koning van die Noorde, ingeroep wat die taak gekry het om Yang uit te skakel. Ná Yang se moord (September 1856) is ook met sy volgelinge afgereken. </p><p>Dit het toenemend duidelik geword dat die Taiping-leiers nóg moreel nóg organisatories veel beter was as die elite van Keiserlike China, 'n besef wat die moraal van die opstandige leër begin erodeer het. </p><p>Verder, in die gebiede wat nog nie deur die opstandelinge beset is nie, het die plaaslike grondeienaars, verskrik deur die brutaliteit van die rebelle, begin om private leërs uit hul eie kleinboere te werf, wat dikwels beter veg as die Keiserlike troepe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ondergang_van_die_Taiping">Ondergang van die Taiping</h2></div> <p>Op die hoogtepunt van die opstand het 'n groot deel van sentraal- en suidelike China (ongeveer Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi en Anhui provinsies en dele van Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang en Jiangsu provinsies) in rebelle se hande geval. Die kusgebiede het egter grotendeels in die hande van die Keiserlike troepe gebly; die opstandelinge het nooit daarin geslaag om enige van die belangrike hawestede te beset nie. Die voortslepende burgeroorlog in die binneland het handel egter belemmer, wat weer die Europese moondhede aangespoor het om by die burgeroorlog betrokke te raak. Die Taiping-gebied was die tuiste van ongeveer 'n derde van die Ryk se bevolking (dus ongeveer 150 miljoen mense). </p><p>Op sy hoogtepunt het die Taiping-leër meer as 1 miljoen soldate getel, maar die keiserlike troepe, saam met die grondeienaars se burgermag, was minstens twee keer soveel. 'n Taamlik belangrike rol is ook gespeel deur 'n klein maar moderne gewapende mag wat deur die Europeërs in <a href="/wiki/Sjanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjanghai">Sjanghai</a> gevorm is, die <i>Always Victorious Army</i>, gelei deur Generaals Frederick Townsend Ward en Charles George Gordon, wat die Taiping by verskeie geleenthede sou verhoed om Sjanghai te verower. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Regaining_Jinling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Regaining_Jinling.jpg/220px-Regaining_Jinling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Regaining_Jinling.jpg/330px-Regaining_Jinling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Regaining_Jinling.jpg/440px-Regaining_Jinling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2343" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>Die herowering van Nanjing deur Qing-troepe</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1853/54 het die Taiping 'n opmars na Beijing begin, maar dit is afgeweer. Toe kom die magstryd tussen Hong en Yang. Dit het nou al hoe onwaarskynliker geword dat, met hul entoesiasme wat kwyn en onmin in hul geledere, die Taiping daarin sou slaag om die Qing-dinastie omver te werp. Boonop het die keiserlike troepe in Zeng Guofan (曾國藩) 'n bekwame leier gevind. Die gety het begin draai. Vanaf 1860 is die Taiping toenemend op die verdediging gedwing. </p><p>In 1859-60 het die keiserlike magte 'n aanval op Nanjing geloods, wat afgeweer is. Die Taiping het toe nog 'n poging aangewend om Sjanghai te verower, wat deur die <i>Always Victorious Army</i> afgeweer is. In 1864 het Zeng Guofan en Gordon kragte saamgesnoer en nog 'n aanval op Nanjing geloods. Hierdie keer het die weerstand van die rebelle in duie gestort. Hong Xiuquan het sy lewe met gif beëindig. Die keiserlike troepe het 'n groot slagting op die leiers van die opstand en hul volgelinge toegedien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gevolge_van_die_Taiping-rebellie">Gevolge van die Taiping-rebellie</h2></div> <p>Die eerste gevolg van die mislukking van die Taiping-rebellie was dat die Qing-dinastie, wat reeds duidelik sy onvermoë getoon het om voldoende op die uitdagings van die moderne tyd te reageer, in staat was om sy lewe vir meer as 'n halfeeu te verleng. Dit is egter twyfelagtig of die Taiping, as hul opstand geslaag het, beter op hierdie uitdagings sou gereageer het. </p><p>Die Qing-dinastie was baie verswak. Dit sou voortaan afhanklik wees van die ondersteuning van plaaslike milisies. Hulle het die leërs van die krygshere voorafgeskadu. Hulle sou 'n groot deel van die mag in China tot die 1920's neem. </p><p>Die algemene prentjie blyk dus een van vernietiging te wees sonder enige positiewe resultaat. Die verwoesting was enorm. Die getal dooies word op 20 tot 30 miljoen geraam, ongeveer een sesde van die 150 miljoen mense wat in die gebied wat deur opstandelinge beheer is, gewoon het. Die meeste van hulle het beswyk vir die <a href="/wiki/Epidemie" title="Epidemie">epidemies</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hongersnood" title="Hongersnood">hongersnood</a> wat deur die burgeroorlog veroorsaak is, maar die aantal direkte slagoffers van geweld het ook in die miljoene beloop. Die rebelle en die keiserlike troepe wat die opstand onderdruk het, was nie minderwaardig aan mekaar in brutaliteit en bloeddorstigheid nie. In baie distrikte van Sentraal-China het die bevolking teen 1900 nog nie tot 1850-vlakke herstel nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiese_perspektief">Historiese perspektief</h2></div> <p>In baie opsigte lyk die Taiping-rebellie soos die talle boere-opstande wat deur die Chinese geskiedenis plaasgevind het. Die massa-ontevredenheid van die verarmde plattelandse bevolking was die revolusionêre reservoir, maar dit was meestal geheime genootskappe (Geel Tulbande, Rooi Wenkbroue, Blou Lotus, ens.) of heterodokse sektes wat organisering aan hierdie massa van onvergenoegdes gegee het. </p><p>Daarbenewens het die Taiping-beweging 'n begrip getoon van die behoefte aan diepgaande hervormings in die Chinese samelewing, 'n begrip wat in baie opsigte modern voorkom. </p><p>So in 'n sekere sin kan Hong Xiuqian se Taiping-rebelle gesien word as voorlopers van Mao Zedong se kommunistiese partisane. Die <a href="/wiki/Kommunistiese_Party_van_China" title="Kommunistiese Party van China">Kommunistiese Party van China</a> (KPC) verskil van die Taiping deurdat dit beter organisatoriese vaardighede en 'n beter begrip van die belangrikheid van moderne <a href="/wiki/Tegnologie" title="Tegnologie">tegnologie</a> het. Namate meer en meer kritiese studies oor die verloop van die Chinese Kommunistiese Revolusie verskyn, word dit duidelik dat sekere swakhede van die Taiping, soos <a href="/wiki/Korrupsie" title="Korrupsie">korrupsie</a> aan die spits en hewige binnegevegte, ook onder die kommuniste sigbaar was. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2></div> <div style="font-size:90%; -moz-column-count:30em; -webkit-column-count:30em; column-count:30em;margin-left:1.5em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_monografieë_en_opnames"><span id="Moderne_monografie.C3.AB_en_opnames"></span>Moderne monografieë en opnames</h3></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeath1994" class="citation book cs1">Heath, Ian (1994). <i>The Taiping Rebellion, 1851–1866</i>. Osprey Military Men-at-Arms Series. London; Long Island City: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-85532-346-X" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-85532-346-X"><bdi>1-85532-346-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiping+Rebellion%2C+1851%E2%80%931866&rft.place=London%3B+Long+Island+City&rft.series=Osprey+Military+Men-at-Arms+Series&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85532-346-X&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span> Emphasis on the military history.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJian_Youwen1973" class="citation book cs1">Jian Youwen (1973). <i>The Taiping Revolutionary Movement</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-300-01542-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-300-01542-9"><bdi>0-300-01542-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiping+Revolutionary+Movement&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-300-01542-9&rft.au=Jian+Youwen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span> Translated and condensed from the author's publications in Chinese; especially strong on the military campaigns, based on the author's wide travels in China in the 1920s and 1930s.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKilcourse2016" class="citation book cs1">Kilcourse, Carl S. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YRolDQAAQBAJ"><i>Taiping Theology: The Localization of Christianity in China, 1843–64</i></a>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-137-53728-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-137-53728-7"><bdi>978-1-137-53728-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiping+Theology%3A+The+Localization+of+Christianity+in+China%2C+1843%E2%80%9364&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-137-53728-7&rft.aulast=Kilcourse&rft.aufirst=Carl+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYRolDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer-Fong2013" class="citation book cs1">Meyer-Fong, Tobie S. (2013). <i>What Remains: Coming to Terms with Civil War in 19th Century China</i>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8047-5425-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8047-5425-5"><bdi>978-0-8047-5425-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Remains%3A+Coming+to+Terms+with+Civil+War+in+19th+Century+China&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5425-5&rft.aulast=Meyer-Fong&rft.aufirst=Tobie+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span> 'n Studie van die slagoffers, hul ervaring van die oorlog, en die herdenking van die oorlog.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFOsterhammel2015" class="citation book cs1">Osterhammel, Jürgen (2015). <i>The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century</i>. Vertaal deur Patrick Camiller. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-691-16980-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-691-16980-4"><bdi>978-0-691-16980-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+the+World%3A+A+Global+History+of+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-691-16980-4&rft.aulast=Osterhammel&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPlatt2012" class="citation book cs1">Platt, Stephen R. (2012). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Gratis registrasie vereis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autumninheavenly00plat"><i>Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War</i></a></span>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-307-27173-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-307-27173-0"><bdi>978-0-307-27173-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autumn+in+the+Heavenly+Kingdom%3A+China%2C+the+West%2C+and+the+Epic+Story+of+the+Taiping+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-307-27173-0&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fautumninheavenly00plat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span> Gedetailleerde narratiewe analise.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFReilly2004" class="citation book cs1">Reilly, Thomas H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wm4CuSvIYiEC"><i>The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Rebellion and the Blasphemy of Empire</i></a>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-295-98430-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-295-98430-9"><bdi>0-295-98430-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiping+Heavenly+Kingdom%3A+Rebellion+and+the+Blasphemy+of+Empire&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-295-98430-9&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwm4CuSvIYiEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span> Fokus op die godsdienstige basis van die rebellie.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFReilly2011" class="citation book cs1">Reilly, Thomas H. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wm4CuSvIYiEC"><i>The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Rebellion and the Blasphemy of Empire</i></a>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-295-80192-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-295-80192-6"><bdi>978-0-295-80192-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiping+Heavenly+Kingdom%3A+Rebellion+and+the+Blasphemy+of+Empire&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-295-80192-6&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwm4CuSvIYiEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSpence1996" class="citation book cs1">Spence, Jonathan D. (1996). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Gratis registrasie vereis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godschinesesonta0000spen"><i>God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan</i></a></span>. New York: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-03844-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-03844-0"><bdi>0-393-03844-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Chinese+Son%3A+The+Taiping+Heavenly+Kingdom+of+Hong+Xiuquan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-393-03844-0&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodschinesesonta0000spen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSpence1999" class="citation book cs1">Spence, Jonathan D. (1999). <i>The Search for Modern China</i>. New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780393973518" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780393973518"><bdi>9780393973518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search+for+Modern+China&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780393973518&rft.aulast=Spence&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span> Standaard teksboek.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vakkundige_artikels">Vakkundige artikels</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPerry1982" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Elizabeth J. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iBS8AAAAIAAJ">"Taipings and Triads: The Role of Religion in Inter-rebel Relations"</a>. In Bak, János M.; Benecke, Gerhard (reds.). <i>Religion and Rural Revolt: Papers Presented to the Fourth Interdisciplinary Workshop on Peasant Studies, University of British Columbia, 1982</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 342–353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-7190-0990-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-7190-0990-1"><bdi>0-7190-0990-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taipings+and+Triads%3A+The+Role+of+Religion+in+Inter-rebel+Relations&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Rural+Revolt%3A+Papers+Presented+to+the+Fourth+Interdisciplinary+Workshop+on+Peasant+Studies%2C+University+of+British+Columbia%2C+1982&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=342-353&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-7190-0990-1&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiBS8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATaiping-rebellie" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primêre_bronne"><span id="Prim.C3.AAre_bronne"></span>Primêre bronne</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMichael1966">Michael, Franz H. (1966), <i>The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents</i>, Seattle: University of Washington Press</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiping+Rebellion%3A+History+and+Documents&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Franz+H.&rft.au=Michael%2C%26%2332%3BFranz+H.&rft.date=1966&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Taiping-rebellie"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>. 3 vols. Volumes two and three select and translate basic documents.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNu62zecKyU">Taiping Rebellion Videos</a> – Chronologiese aanbieding van die Taiping-rebellie, met besonderhede en staaltjies.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taipingrebellion.com/#intro">Taiping Rebellion.com</a> – Narratiewe geskiedenis, met baie illustrasies, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taipingrebellion.com/timeline.htm">Timeline</a>, en 'n gesetaileerde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taipingrebellion.com/TaipingRebellionMap.htm">kaart van die rebellie</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00yqvqt">The Taiping Rebellion</a> – <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>-bespreking met Rana Mitter, Universiteit van Oxford; Frances Wood Britse Biblioteek; en Julia Lovell, Universiteit van Londen.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192408&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192408&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192408" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85024092">sh85024092</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph239909&CON_LNG=ENG">ph239909</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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