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Fotopisch zicht - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fotopisch zicht</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Beschikbaar in 20 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رؤية نهارية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رؤية نهارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="সালোক দর্শনশক্তি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সালোক দর্শনশক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3_fot%C3%B2pica" title="Visió fotòpica – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Visió fotòpica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photopic_vision" title="Photopic vision – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Photopic vision" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3n_fot%C3%B3pica" title="Visión fotópica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Visión fotópica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4evan%C3%A4gemine" title="Päevanägemine – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Päevanägemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دید در روشنایی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دید در روشنایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_photopique" title="Vision photopique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vision photopique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="העקומה הפוטופית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העקומה הפוטופית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penglihatan_fotopik" title="Penglihatan fotopik – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penglihatan fotopik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visione_fotopica" title="Visione fotopica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visione fotopica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%89%80%E8%A6%96" title="明所視 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="明所視" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="ഫോട്ടോപിക് കാഴ്ച – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫോട്ടോപിക് കാഴ്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widzenie_fotopowe" title="Widzenie fotopowe – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Widzenie fotopowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis%C3%A3o_fot%C3%B3pica" title="Visão fotópica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visão fotópica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Дневное зрение – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дневное зрение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotopiskt_seende" title="Fotopiskt seende – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fotopiskt seende" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80" title="Денний зір – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Денний зір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunduzgi_ko%CA%BBrish_qobiliyati" title="Kunduzgi koʻrish qobiliyati – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kunduzgi koʻrish qobiliyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%8B_gi%C3%A1c_th%C3%ADch_nghi_s%C3%A1ng" title="Thị giác thích nghi sáng – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thị giác thích nghi sáng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Fotopisch_zicht" title="Lijst met alle pagina&#039;s die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Fotopisch_zicht" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina&#039;s waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina&#039;s [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;oldid=64671594" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Fotopisch+zicht"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:LuminosityCurve1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/LuminosityCurve1.svg/300px-LuminosityCurve1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/LuminosityCurve1.svg/450px-LuminosityCurve1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/LuminosityCurve1.svg/600px-LuminosityCurve1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>Lichtgevoeligheidscurve van het menselijk oog <br />blauw = scotopisch zicht (’s nachts), <br />rood = fotopisch zicht (overdag)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fotopisch</b>, <b>scotopisch</b> en <b>mesopisch</b> zicht zijn termen uit de oogheelkunde en de zintuigfysiologie. </p> <ul><li>Onder <b>fotopisch</b> zicht wordt verstaan het kijken bij goede verlichting. De oogpupil is nauw, en de maximale lichtgevoeligheid van het netvlies ligt bij een golflengte van 555&#160;nm (groen). Kleuren kunnen goed worden waargenomen.</li> <li>Onder <b>scotopisch</b> zicht wordt verstaan het kijken bij weinig licht. De oogpupil is wijd, en de maximale lichtgevoeligheid van het netvlies ligt bij een golflengte van 505&#160;nm (blauw-groen). Kleuren worden niet of nauwelijks waargenomen.</li> <li>Onder <b>mesopisch</b> zicht wordt verstaan het overgangsgebied tussen fotopisch en scotopisch zicht.</li></ul> <p>De termen komen uit het <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgrieks</a>, van respectievelijk φῶς (<i>phōs</i>, licht), σκότος (<i>skotos</i>, duisternis) en μέσος (<i>mesos</i>, midden). </p><p>Het <a href="/wiki/Netvlies" title="Netvlies">netvlies</a> bevat verschillende soorten lichtreceptoren. De <i><a href="/wiki/Kegeltje" title="Kegeltje">kegeltjes</a></i> zorgen voor het fotopisch zien. De veel gevoeliger <i><a href="/wiki/Staafje" title="Staafje">staafjes</a></i> zorgen voor het scotopisch zien. In het mesopische gebied spelen beide een rol. </p><p>De staafjes zijn gevoeliger voor blauw licht en geven daardoor een andere indruk van de lichtheid dan de kegeltjes (zie ook <a href="/wiki/Ooggevoeligheid" title="Ooggevoeligheid">ooggevoeligheid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Purkinje-effect" title="Purkinje-effect">Purkinje-effect</a>). Dat heeft een andere kleurwaarneming tot gevolg, die vooral merkbaar wordt in de schemering, zodra de aanpassing aan het donker begint. Vooral verschillende blauwtinten lijken helderder. Daarom wordt in sommige artistieke uitingen, maar ook bij de belichting van film- en tv-opnames, een groter aandeel blauw gebruikt wanneer een nachtelijke sfeer moet worden opgeroepen. Deze truc wordt wel de „Amerikaanse nacht” genoemd. Door dezelfde oorzaak lijkt maanlicht „kouder” (blauwachtiger) dan zonlicht, hoewel het eigenlijk iets roodachtiger is. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Gezichtsscherpte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gezichtsscherpte">gezichtsscherpte</a> is bij fotopisch zicht het grootst, vooral rond de <a href="/wiki/Fovea_centralis" title="Fovea centralis">fovea centralis</a> bij het midden van het netvlies. Bij scotopisch zicht is de scherpte minder; vooral details met weinig contrast kunnen niet meer worden waargenomen doordat het oog de helderheid van naburige staafjes interpoleert. Daar rond de fovea centralis geen staafjes zitten, krijgt men bij scotopisch zicht de grootste scherpte wanneer men „net naast” het onderwerp kijkt, zodat het gebied net naast de fovea centralis wordt gebruikt (parafoveaal kijken). Bovendien werken de staafjes langzamer dan de kegeltjes (het zogenaamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulfricheffect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulfricheffect (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pulfricheffect</a>). In zeer donkere omstandigheden kan de reactietijd van de staafjes oplopen tot enkele tienden van een seconde waardoor snel bewegende voorwerpen slecht worden waargenomen. Dit effect wordt versterkt doordat het beeld meer ruis bevat naarmate het licht zwakker is (te vergelijken met sneeuw bij een slechte ontvangst op de tv). </p><p>Het scotopisch gebied loopt van de waarnemingsdrempel bij een <a href="/wiki/Luminantie" title="Luminantie">luminantie</a> van ca. 3 × 10<sup>−6</sup>&#160;cd/m<sup>2</sup>, tot ca. 0,003 ... 0,03 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. Daarboven ligt het mesopisch gebied dat tot ca. 3 ... 30&#160;cd/m<sup>2</sup> loopt (de grenzen zijn vloeiend en verschillen per persoon). Bij luminanties boven 3 ... 30&#160;cd/m<sup>2</sup> ligt het fotopisch bereik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ooggevoeligheid" title="Ooggevoeligheid">Ooggevoeligheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtstroom" title="Lichtstroom">Lichtstroom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopisch_zicht&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oogartsen.nl/oogartsen/onderzoeken/electrodiagnostiek/">https://www.oogartsen.nl/oogartsen/onderzoeken/electrodiagnostiek/</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7fc47fc68d‐7c84v Cached time: 20241128192304 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.017 seconds Real time usage: 0.111 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 20/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:1825127:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128192304 and revision id 64671594. 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