CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Landsknecht - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5a5098be-ac99-47a9-bebe-bc6c99039bae","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Landsknecht","wgTitle":"Landsknecht","wgCurRevisionId":1254540287,"wgRevisionId":1254540287,"wgArticleId":285423,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text","Pages with German IPA","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Landsknechts","German words and phrases","Military history of the Holy Roman Empire","Military units and formations established in the 15th century","Pikes (weapon)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Landsknecht", "wgRelevantArticleId":285423,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q156733","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg/1200px-Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="690"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg/800px-Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="460"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg/640px-Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="368"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Landsknecht - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Landsknecht rootpage-Landsknecht skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Landsknecht" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Landsknecht" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Landsknecht" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Landsknecht" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization_and_recruitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_and_recruitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization and recruitment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization_and_recruitment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization and recruitment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization_and_recruitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Camp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Landsknecht</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="لاندسكنيشت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاندسكنيشت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansquenet" title="Lansquenet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lansquenet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancknecht" title="Lancknecht – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lancknecht" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landskn%C3%A6gt" title="Landsknægt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Landsknægt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%87%CF%84" title="Λάντσκνεχτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάντσκνεχτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansquenete" title="Lansquenete – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lansquenete" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="نبردپیشه‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبردپیشه‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansquenet" title="Lansquenet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lansquenet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2nsfeint" title="Lânsfeint – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lânsfeint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%80%EC%B8%A0%ED%81%AC%EB%84%A4%ED%9E%88%ED%8A%B8" title="란츠크네히트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="란츠크네히트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanzichenecchi" title="Lanzichenecchi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lanzichenecchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%98" title="לאנדסקנכט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאנדסקנכט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ლანდსკნეხტები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლანდსკნეხტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecti" title="Landsknecti – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Landsknecti" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknechtai" title="Landsknechtai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Landsknechtai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_landsknechten" title="Duitse landsknechten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitse landsknechten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8D%E3%83%92%E3%83%88" title="ランツクネヒト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランツクネヒト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknekt" title="Landsknekt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Landsknekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansquenete" title="Lansquenete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lansquenete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82" title="Ландскнехт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ландскнехт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landskneht" title="Landskneht – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Landskneht" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ландскнехти – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ландскнехти" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknehti" title="Landsknehti – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Landsknehti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknekt" title="Landsknekt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Landsknekt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82" title="Ландскнехт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ландскнехт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" title="Landsknecht – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Landsknecht" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%82%AD%E5%83%95" title="國土傭僕 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國土傭僕" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156733#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Landsknecht" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Landsknecht" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Landsknecht"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Landsknecht"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Landsknecht" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Landsknecht" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&oldid=1254540287" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Landsknecht&id=1254540287&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLandsknecht"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLandsknecht"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Landsknecht&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q156733" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of mercenary infantry in 16th-17th century Europe</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the card game sometimes called Landsknecht and reputedly played by the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span>, see <a href="/wiki/Lansquenet" title="Lansquenet">Lansquenet</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg/370px-Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg/555px-Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg/740px-Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3633" data-file-height="2089" /></a><figcaption><i>Landsknechte</i>, <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hopfer" title="Daniel Hopfer">Daniel Hopfer</a>, <i>c.</i> 1530</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span></b> (singular: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈlantsknɛçt]</a></span>), also rendered as <b>Landsknechts</b> or <b>Lansquenets</b>, were German mercenaries used in <a href="/wiki/Pike_and_shot" title="Pike and shot">pike and shot</a> formations during the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>. Consisting predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Pikemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikemen">pikemen</a> and supporting foot soldiers, their front line was formed by <i><a href="/wiki/Doppels%C3%B6ldner" title="Doppelsöldner">Doppelsöldner</a></i> ("double-pay men") renowned for their use of <i><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a>. They formed the bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire's</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Army_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Army</a> from the late 15th century to the early 17th century, fighting in the <a href="/wiki/French-Habsburg_rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Habsburg rivalry">Habsburg-Valois wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg-Ottoman_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg-Ottoman wars">Habsburg-Ottoman wars</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a>. </p><p>Although prone to mutiny if unpaid and divided within their ranks between <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>, the <i>Landsknechte</i> were well-armed and experienced warriors, recruitable in large numbers throughout Germany and Austria by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. This guaranteed both quantity and quality to the Imperial military for a century and a half. At their peak during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles V of Habsburg">Charles V of Habsburg</a>, and under the leadership of notable captains such as <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Frundsberg" title="Georg von Frundsberg">Georg von Frundsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas,_Count_of_Salm" title="Nicholas, Count of Salm">Nicholas of Salm</a>, the Imperial Landsknechts obtained important successes such as the capture of the French King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Battle of Pavia</a> in 1525 and the resistance against the Ottoman Turks led by <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Siege of Vienna</a> in 1529, while also being responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Sack of Rome</a> in 1527. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_(1905)_(14761439186).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_%281905%29_%2814761439186%29.jpg/220px-Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_%281905%29_%2814761439186%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_%281905%29_%2814761439186%29.jpg/330px-Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_%281905%29_%2814761439186%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_%281905%29_%2814761439186%29.jpg/440px-Geschichte_des_Kost%C3%BCms_%281905%29_%2814761439186%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2262" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Image of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> in the <i>Geschichte des Kostüms</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The Germanic compound <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> (earlier <i>Lantknecht</i>, without <a href="/wiki/Fugen-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugen-s">Fugen-"s"</a>) combines <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Land" class="extiw" title="wikt:Land">Land</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Knecht" class="extiw" title="wikt:Knecht">Knecht</a></i> to form "servant of the land".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010485_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010485-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compound <i>Lantknecht</i> was used during the 15th century for bailiffs or <a href="/wiki/Court_usher" class="mw-redirect" title="Court usher">court ushers</a>. </p><p>The word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> first appeared in the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a> circa 1470 to describe certain troops in the army of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a>. As early as 1500, the term was morphed into <i>Lanzknecht</i>, referring to the unit's use of the <a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">pike</a> as its main weapon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19763_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19763-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/220px-Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/330px-Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/440px-Karl_von_Blaas_-_Kaiser_Maximilian_I._und_Georg_von_Frundsberg_-_2725_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption><i>Kaiser Maximilian I. und Georg von Frundsberg</i>, depicting <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Frundsberg" title="Georg von Frundsberg">Georg von Frundsberg</a>, founders of the Landsknechte, by Karl von Blaas. 1868. Kunsthistorisches Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Over the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a>, the well-organized and supplied armies of <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a> were defeated again and again by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Confederation">Swiss Confederation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20024_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20024-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which wielded an <i>ad hoc</i> militia army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim201059_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim201059-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles's army lacked <i><a href="/wiki/Esprit_de_corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Esprit de corps">esprit de corps</a></i> because of its composition by feudal lords, mercenaries, and levied gentry. The Swiss army, though poorly organized, were highly motivated, aggressive, and well-trained with their arms. The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_pikemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss pikemen">Swiss pikemen</a>, called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reisläufer</i></span>, repeatedly defeated and eventually killed Charles, eliminating Burgundy as a European power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20024–5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20024–5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archduke <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian</a>, who became co-ruler of Burgundian lands in 1477 by marrying <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary of Burgundy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010162_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010162-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was greatly influenced by the Swiss victories. When the French contested the inheritance, Maximilian levied a Flemish army and defeated the French in 1479 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guinegate_(1479)" title="Battle of Guinegate (1479)">Battle of Guinegate</a>, mixing Swiss-styled square infantry formation and Hussite <a href="/wiki/Wagon_fort" title="Wagon fort">wagon forts</a> tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dissolution of his levied army at war's end found Maximilian wanting a permanent and organized military force like the Confederation's to protect his domain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20026_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20026-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existing Burgundian structure was inadequate to this end, however,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010163-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and moreover the French wielded a monopoly on the hiring of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reisläufer</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maximilian began raising the first <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> units in 1486,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amassing 6,000–8,000 mercenaries. One of these units he gave to <a href="/wiki/Eitel_Friedrich_II,_Count_of_Hohenzollern" title="Eitel Friedrich II, Count of Hohenzollern">Eitel Friedrich II, Count of Hohenzollern</a>, who trained them with Swiss instructors in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> in 1487 to become the "<a href="/wiki/Black_Band_(landsknechts)" title="Black Band (landsknechts)">Black Guard</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – the first <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20027_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20027-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1488, Maximilian organized the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_League" title="Swabian League">Swabian League</a>, creating an army of 12,000 infantry and 1,200 cavalry to deter <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>. This is considered to be the first <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> army to be raised in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19763_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19763-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maximilian raised a strong army for the Austrian-Hungarian War of 1490, and succeeded in driving the Hungarians out of Austria. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> in his army refused to serve after sacking <a href="/wiki/Stuhlweissenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuhlweissenburg">Stuhlweissenburg</a> (now Székesfehérvár, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>), citing lack of pay and stopping Maximilian's advance on Buda. To prevent a repeat of Stuhlweissenburg, Maximilian now sought to homogenize the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> into a fully professional, and mostly Germanic military force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20027–8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20027–8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg/220px-Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg/330px-Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg/440px-Standard_bearer_fighting_against_five_landsknechts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Standard bearer fighting against five <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> (etching by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hopfer" title="Daniel Hopfer">Daniel Hopfer</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1490s, the well-trained <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> managed to defeat significantly greater Frisian armies. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Dolnstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Dolnstein (page does not exist)">Paul Dolnstein</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dolnstein" class="extiw" title="de:Paul Dolnstein">de</a>]</span> wrote of the siege of <a href="/wiki/New_%C3%84lvsborg" title="New Älvsborg">Älvsborg Fortress</a> in July 1502, fighting for the king of Denmark: "We were 1800 Germans, and we were attacked by 15000 Swedish farmers ... we struck most of them dead."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200251_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200251-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1513)" title="Battle of Novara (1513)">Battle of Novara</a> in 1513, the Swiss executed the hundreds of German Landsknecht mercenaries they had captured who had fought for the French.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2010481_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2010481-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Battle of Bicocca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marignano" title="Battle of Marignano">Battle of Marignano</a> (1515), the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> performed well, defeating the famed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reisläufer</i></span>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley,_IGMN144483,_1526-31.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_IGMN144483%2C_1526-31.JPG/330px-Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_IGMN144483%2C_1526-31.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_IGMN144483%2C_1526-31.JPG/495px-Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_IGMN144483%2C_1526-31.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_IGMN144483%2C_1526-31.JPG/660px-Manif._di_bruxelles_su_dis.di_bernart_von_orley%2C_IGMN144483%2C_1526-31.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> mercenaries with <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebuses</a> (<i>Tapestries of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Battle of Pavia</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_van_Orley" title="Bernard van Orley">Bernard van Orley</a>, between 1528 and 1531)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Imperial <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> were instrumental in many of the Emperor's victories, including the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Battle of Pavia</a> in 1525. The same year, they also managed to defeat the <a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">peasants' revolt</a> in the Empire. At their peak in the early 16th century, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> were considered formidable soldiers who were often brave and loyal. However, these qualities may have declined afterward. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> were also employed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">the Habsburg emperor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">the royal Valencian authorities</a> in the suppression of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Revolt_of_Espad%C3%A0_(1526)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Revolt of Espadà (1526) (page does not exist)">First Revolt of Espadà of 1526</a>, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Serra_d%27Espad%C3%A0" title="Serra d'Espadà">the mountains of Espadà</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Province of Castellón">modern-day Spanish Castelló province</a> (then in the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a>), where thousands of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencian</a> <a href="/wiki/Morisco" title="Morisco">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant"><i>fellah</i>s</a> took up arms against <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversions_of_Muslims_in_Spain#In_the_Crown_of_Aragon" title="Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain">the decree of forced conversion issued that very year by the emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_Scene,_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Battle_Scene%2C_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/330px-Battle_Scene%2C_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Battle_Scene%2C_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/495px-Battle_Scene%2C_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Battle_Scene%2C_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/660px-Battle_Scene%2C_after_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1746" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reisl%C3%A4ufer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reisläufer">Reisläufer</a></i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> engaged in a <a href="/wiki/Push_of_pike" title="Push of pike">push of pike</a> (engraving by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a>, early 16th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>They are attested as deployed in the armies of Kings <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Navarre" title="John III of Navarre">John III of Navarre</a> and successor <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II of Navarre</a> during their <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Iberian_Navarre" title="Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre">campaigns to reconquer Navarre</a> (1512–1524). In the same context, they are also found fighting on Charles V's side (battle for <a href="/wiki/Hondarribia" title="Hondarribia">Hondarribia</a>, 1521–1524) where they performed strongly. They also served in high numbers in the Imperial army during the campaigns of Austria (1532), France (1542), <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Germanic Reformed League</a> (1547) and in of all the Italian wars. Others also fought on the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Habsburg-Ottoman frontier</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Army_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)">army of the Holy Roman Emperor</a> defeated the French army in Italy, but funds were not available to pay the soldiers. The 34,000 Imperial troops mutinied and forced their commander, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Charles III, Duke of Bourbon">Charles III, Duke of Bourbon</a>, to lead them towards Rome. The <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Sack of Rome</a> in 1527 was executed by some 6,000 Spaniards under the Duke, 14,000 <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> under Georg von Frundsberg, some Italian infantry and some cavalry. </p><p>Terence McIntosh comments that the expansionist, aggressive policy pursued by Maximilian I and <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> at the inception of the early modern German nation (although not to further the aims specific to the German nation per se), mainly relying on German manpower as well as utilizing fearsome <i>Landsknecht</i> and other mercenaries (with the Battle of Pavia and atrocities like the Sack of Rome being associated with them), would affect the way neighbours viewed the German polity, although in the longue durée, Germany tended to be at peace.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1560s on, after the death of Frundsberg, the reputation of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> steadily decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty Years War">Eighty Years War</a>, their bravery and discipline came under criticism, and the Spanish elements of the army of Flanders regularly deprecated the battlefield usefulness of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span>, somewhat unfairly. Their status also suffered from the rising reputation of the dreaded Spanish <a href="/wiki/Tercios" class="mw-redirect" title="Tercios">tercios</a> who, however, were far less abundant and more expensive to train. When serving in southern Europe, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> were still considered elite troops. In the army of the Dutch rebels, many German mercenaries were hired but were forced to give up some <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> traditions in order to increase their discipline in river crossing and their naval fighting abilities. Increasing ill-discipline within the ranks saw them replaced with an improved system of raising a German army, the <i>Kaiserlicher Fussknecht</i>, which was far less reliant on mercenaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197633_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197633-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_and_recruitment">Organization and recruitment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organization and recruitment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernst_I._von_Baden-Durlach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ernst_I._von_Baden-Durlach.jpg/220px-Ernst_I._von_Baden-Durlach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ernst_I._von_Baden-Durlach.jpg/330px-Ernst_I._von_Baden-Durlach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Ernst_I._von_Baden-Durlach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Frederick,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Ernst Friedrich</a>, Margrave of <a href="/wiki/Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden-Durlach">Baden-Durlach</a>, wearing <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> dress. His <a href="/wiki/Greave" title="Greave">greaves</a>, however, are atypical of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Landsknechte</i>, often recruited from South Germany, came from a society with exploding population growth, increasing unemployment, diverse cultural factors and depleting hierarchical structure (unlike the tightly organized society of the Swiss). In addition to dispossessed craftmen and peasants, there were burghers, aristocrats and runaway serfs as well. They were also used to freedom of carrying weapons. The result was that soldiers leaned towards a libertine (and also brutal) lifestyle. Thus, the role of the regiment, leadership by example (commanders tended to dismount to fight with the troops) and harsh discipline (involving capital punishment) were emphasized to compensate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reisläufer</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> (a typical <i>Landsknecht</i> regiment consisted of 4,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> was raised by a lord with a <a href="/wiki/Letter_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter patent">letter patent</a> (<i>Bestallungsbrief</i>) that named the unit <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> (<i>Obrist</i>). This document laid out the size and structure of the unit, the pay of its men, and contained its <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_War" title="Articles of War">Articles of War</a> (<i>Artikelsbriefe</i>). Upon accepting the commission and securing funding, either through a bank loan or a grant from the lord, the colonel assembled his chain of command. His <a href="/wiki/Feldhauptmann" title="Feldhauptmann">captains</a>, once appointed, would then go to a locality he knew with <a href="/wiki/Drummer_(military)" title="Drummer (military)">drummers</a> and fifers. Recruits gathered at a specified place and time for the <a href="/wiki/Muster_(military)" title="Muster (military)">muster</a>. There, they would parade under an arch and be inspected by the colonel and his captains, then be paid their first months' salary. The colonel next read the <i>Bestallungsbrief</i> in full to the soldiers, who then swore oaths of allegiance to cause, officers, and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a>. This ceremony also saw the appointing of the unit staff and its standard bearers, or <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4hnrich" title="Fähnrich">Fähnriche</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensigns</a>), who swore to never lose the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20029,_10–11,_13–15_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20029,_10–11,_13–15-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611–12_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611–12-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colonel was the highest–ranking officer in a regiment, but if his force contained more than one regiment he could become a <i>Generalobrist</i>. If it contained cavalry and artillery in addition to its infantry, then he could be a <i>Feldobrist</i> or <i>Generalfeldobrist</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200210_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200210-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment would be commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> in the colonel's stead. The regiment itself was formed by ten <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4hnlein" title="Fähnlein">Fähnlein</a></i>, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">company</a> and commanded by a captain. A <i>Fähnlein</i> was made up by 400 men, including 100 veterans. <i>Rotten</i>, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a>, were the building blocks of the <i>Fähnlein</i> and contained either ten ordinary <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> or six <i>Doppelsöldner</i>, led by a <i>Rottmeister</i> elected by his unit. In totality, the regiment averaged 4,000 men;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ten <i>Fähnlein</i>, containing 40 <i>Rotten</i>. Unit <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">sergeant majors</a>, called <i><a href="/wiki/Feldwebel" title="Feldwebel">Feldweibel</a></i>, were tasked with training <a href="/wiki/Foot_drill" title="Foot drill">drill</a> and formation. The regimental sergeant major, <i>Oberster-Feldweibel</i> was responsible for drill on the battlefield. <i>Rotten</i> sergeants, <i>Weibel</i>, were charged with ensuring discipline and relaying liaisons between enlisted men and their officers. One of these men, the <i>Gemeinweibel</i>, was the spokesman for the men and was elected monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Imperial law, a colonel could have a staff of 22 officers but in practice this depended on the colonel's wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200210_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200210-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in that staff were a chaplain, a <a href="/wiki/Scribe" title="Scribe">scribe</a>, a doctor, a scout, his personal quartermaster and ensign, a drummer and <a href="/wiki/Fifer" title="Fifer">fifer</a>, and a bodyguard (<i><a href="/wiki/Trabant_(military)" title="Trabant (military)">Trabanten</a></i>) of eight men. Captains also had a staff that included much of the same, but with additional musicians and two <i>Doppelsöldner</i> to protect him. A <a href="/wiki/Provost_marshal" title="Provost marshal">provost marshal</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Schultheiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Schultheiss">Schultheiss</a></i> were appointed by the colonel to maintain military discipline and to prosecute the <i>Artikelsbriefe</i> respectively. The provost was unimpeachable, and feared. Harsh punishments could be expected for offenses such as <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutiny</a> or drunkenness on duty. A provost had a retinue of a jailer, bailiff, and executioner (<i>Freimann</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200210–11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200210–11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsknecht_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Landsknecht_1.JPG/220px-Landsknecht_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Landsknecht_1.JPG/330px-Landsknecht_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Landsknecht_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> with a <i><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Just like the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reisläufer</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> formations consisted of men trained and armed with <a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">pikes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halberds" class="mw-redirect" title="Halberds">halberds</a>, and swords.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010163-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 300 men of a <i>Fähnlein</i> would be armed with a pike,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197611_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197611-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span>'s pike was generally shorter than a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reisläufer</i></span>'s at about 4.2 meters (14 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experienced and well-equipped soldiers, receiving double a normal <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span>'s pay and getting the title <i><a href="/wiki/Doppels%C3%B6ldner" title="Doppelsöldner">Doppelsöldner</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200213_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200213-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made up a quarter of each <i>Fähnlein</i>. 50 of these men were armed with a halberd or with a 66-inch (170 cm) <a href="/wiki/Two-handed_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-handed sword">two-handed sword</a> called a <i><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></i> while another fifty were <a href="/wiki/Arquebusiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquebusiers">arquebusiers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crossbowmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbowmen">crossbowmen</a>. The focus on firearms, rather than crossbows, as ordained by Maximilian, was where they were different from the Swiss.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2013214_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2013214-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maximilian abolished the crossbow in military use in 1517 (although other countries continued to use them).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span>, regardless of primary weapon, carried a short sword called a <i><a href="/wiki/Katzbalger" title="Katzbalger">Katzbalger</a></i> for close combat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197611,_12_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197611,_12-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 16th century, however, the number of pikemen in a <i>Fähnlein</i> had diminished to around 200.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197612_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197612-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactics">Tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They also copied the Swiss in tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010163-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknechte</i></span> fought in a <a href="/wiki/Pike_square" title="Pike square">pike square</a> they called the <i>gevierte Ordnung</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19767_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19767-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forty to sixty men deep.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010163-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Doppelsöldnern</i> made up the formation's first two ranks. Then came the ensigns, and then the squares themselves. Pikemen, supported by halberdiers, formed the square while swordsmen made up their front and rear. The most experienced soldiers were located at the back of the formation and arquebusiers were placed on its flanks. In the attack, a band of soldiers called a <a href="/wiki/Forlorn_hope" title="Forlorn hope">forlorn hope</a> preceded the pike square to break enemy pikes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19767–8_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19767–8-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pikemen were supported by <a href="/wiki/Halberdiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Halberdiers">halberdiers</a>, who would rush a gap in an opposing line,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010487_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010487-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tactic also copied from the Swiss.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid20068_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid20068-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As their solidarity grew, commanders emphasized finesse and timing, rather than the head-down battering charge of the Swiss.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <i>Landsknechte's</i> fighting techniques were developed, they no longer preferred fighting along a straight line (as exercised by even the Swiss until the end of the fifteenth century), but leaned towards a circle-wise movement that enhanced the use of the space around the combatant and allowed them to attack the opponents from different angles. The circle-wise formation described by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Molinet" title="Jean Molinet">Jean Molinet</a> as the "snail" would become the hallmark of <i>Landsknechte's</i> combat. The new types of combat also required the maintenance of a stable bodily equilibrium. Maximilian, an innovator of these types of movements, also saw value in their effects over the maintenance of group discipline (apart from the control of centralised institutions). As Maximilian and his commanders sought to popularize these forms of movements (which only became daily practice at the end of the fifteenth century and gained dominance after Maximilian's death in 1519), he promoted them in tournaments, in fencing and in dancing as well. The courtly festivals became a playground for innovations, foreshadowing developments in military practices.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Camp">Camp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Camp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg/170px-Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg/255px-Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg/340px-Landsknecht_with_his_Wife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> with his Wife</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hopfer" title="Daniel Hopfer">Daniel Hopfer</a>. Note the <i><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></i> over his shoulder and the smaller <i><a href="/wiki/Katzbalger" title="Katzbalger">Katzbalger</a></i> at his hip.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Tross" title="Tross">Tross</a></i> were the camp followers or baggage train who travelled with each <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> unit, carrying military necessities, the food, and the belongings of each soldier and his family. The <i>Tross</i> was made up of women, children and some craftsmen. Women and young boys set up <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> camps, cooked, mended injuries, and dug and cleaned latrines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200226–27_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200226–27-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span> was usually forbidden by his <i>Bestallungsbrief</i> from having more than one woman in the baggage train.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19764-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Tross</i> was overseen by a "whore's sergeant" (<i>Hurenweibel</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200211_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200211-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hagendorf" title="Peter Hagendorf">Peter Hagendorf</a>, a Landsknecht whose diary from 1625 to 1649 has survived</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgmann" title="Burgmann">Burgmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldhauptmann" title="Feldhauptmann">Feldhauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_company" title="Free company">Free company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabant_(military)" title="Trabant (military)">Trabant (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heerhaufen" title="Heerhaufen">Heerhaufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabukimono" title="Kabukimono">Kabukimono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> gangs also known for their extravagant dress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansquenet" title="Lansquenet">Lansquenet</a>, a card-game with the French spelling of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landsknecht</i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Black Guard, formed to defend the Habsburg Low Countries, fought around the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> until being annihilated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hemmingstedt" title="Battle of Hemmingstedt">Battle of Hemmingstedt</a> after twelve years of service.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20027_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20027-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Regiment" originally referred to the force the colonel controlled, but by 1550 meant a formation of 3,000–5,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200211_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200211-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010485-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010485_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2010">Rogers 2010</a>, p. 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid2006">Jörgensen et al. 2006</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19763-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19763_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19763_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAxelrod2013" class="citation book cs1">Axelrod, Alan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lX9ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT124"><i>Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies</i></a>. CQ Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483364674" title="Special:BookSources/9781483364674"><bdi>9781483364674</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926204224/https://books.google.com/books?id=lX9ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT124">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercenaries%3A+A+Guide+to+Private+Armies+and+Private+Military+Companies&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781483364674&rft.aulast=Axelrod&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlX9ZDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20024-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20024_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim201059-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim201059_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrim2010">Trim 2010</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20024–5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20024–5_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010162-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010162_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrim2010">Trim 2010</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuerengässer2021" class="citation book cs1">Querengässer, Alexander (30 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RPE1EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA152"><i>Before the Military Revolution: European Warfare and the Rise of the Early Modern State 1300–1490</i></a>. Oxbow Books. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78925-672-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78925-672-7"><bdi>978-1-78925-672-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Military+Revolution%3A+European+Warfare+and+the+Rise+of+the+Early+Modern+State+1300%E2%80%931490&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2021-09-30&rft.isbn=978-1-78925-672-7&rft.aulast=Quereng%C3%A4sser&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRPE1EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20026-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20026_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrim2010163-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrim2010163_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrim2010">Trim 2010</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20027-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20027_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20027_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20027–8-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20027–8_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200251-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200251_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2010481-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2010481_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker2010">Tucker 2010</a>, p. 481.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuster_i_Ortells1962" class="citation book cs1">Fuster i Ortells, Joan (1962). <i>Nosaltres, els valencians</i>. Edicions 62. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nosaltres%2C+els+valencians&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Edicions+62&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Fuster+i+Ortells&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/discussions/9589141/h-german-roundtable-smith-germany-nation-its-time-during-and">"H-German Roundtable on Smith, Germany: A Nation in Its Time Before, During, and After Nationalism, 1500–2000 H-German H-Net"</a>. <i>networks.h-net.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=networks.h-net.org&rft.atitle=H-German+Roundtable+on+Smith%2C+Germany%3A+A+Nation+in+Its+Time+Before%2C+During%2C+and+After+Nationalism%2C+1500%E2%80%932000+H-German+H-Net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetworks.h-net.org%2Fnode%2F35008%2Fdiscussions%2F9589141%2Fh-german-roundtable-smith-germany-nation-its-time-during-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiemann2021" class="citation journal cs1">Riemann, Malte (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjogss%2Fogz069">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"As Old as War Itself"? Historicizing the Universal Mercenary"</a>. <i>Journal of Global Security Studies</i>. <b>6</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjogss%2Fogz069">10.1093/jogss/ogz069</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Global+Security+Studies&rft.atitle=%22As+Old+as+War+Itself%22%3F+Historicizing+the+Universal+Mercenary&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjogss%2Fogz069&rft.aulast=Riemann&rft.aufirst=Malte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjogss%252Fogz069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197633-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197633_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarsten199820–23_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsten1998">Karsten 1998</a>, pp. 20–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764–5_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards20029,_10–11,_13–15-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards20029,_10–11,_13–15_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, pp. 9, 10–11, 13–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611–12-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200611–12_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid2006">Jörgensen et al. 2006</a>, p. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200210-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200210_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200210_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200211-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200211_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200211_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200210–11-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200210–11_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197611-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197611_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid200612_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid2006">Jörgensen et al. 2006</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200213-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200213_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2013214-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxelrod2013214_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAxelrod2013">Axelrod 2013</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickelPyhrrTarassuk1982" class="citation book cs1">Nickel, Helmut; Pyhrr, Stuart W.; Tarassuk, Leonid (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3BZvJXJ4qRUC&pg=PA129"><i>The Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from the Metropolitan Museum of Art : an Exhibition</i></a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York). p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-917418-67-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-917418-67-9"><bdi>978-0-917418-67-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Chivalry%3A+European+Arms+and+Armor+from+the+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+%3A+an+Exhibition&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+%28New+York%29&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-917418-67-9&rft.aulast=Nickel&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft.au=Pyhrr%2C+Stuart+W.&rft.au=Tarassuk%2C+Leonid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3BZvJXJ4qRUC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197611,_12-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197611,_12_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, pp. 11, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller197612-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller197612_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19767-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19767_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19767–8-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19767–8_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers2010487-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers2010487_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogers2010">Rogers 2010</a>, p. 487.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid20068-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid20068_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid2006">Jörgensen et al. 2006</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarsten1998" class="citation book cs1">Karsten, Peter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKy5-Mn4X3cC&pg=PA20"><i>The Training and Socializing of Military Personnel</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2976-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2976-3"><bdi>978-0-8153-2976-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Training+and+Socializing+of+Military+Personnel&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-2976-3&rft.aulast=Karsten&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKy5-Mn4X3cC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinschmidt1995" class="citation journal cs1">Kleinschmidt, Harald (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346321925">"The Military and Dancing Changing Norms and Behaviour, 15th to 18th Century"</a>. <i>Ethnologia Europaea</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 157–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Fee.843">10.16995/ee.843</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnologia+Europaea&rft.atitle=The+Military+and+Dancing+Changing+Norms+and+Behaviour%2C+15th+to+18th+Century&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157-176&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.16995%2Fee.843&rft.aulast=Kleinschmidt&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F346321925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverSmith2011" class="citation book cs1">Silver, Larry; Smith, Jeffrey Chipps (29 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lQZ83r_u9LQC&pg=PA139"><i>The Essential Durer</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0601-2"><bdi>978-0-8122-0601-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Durer&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011-11-29&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0601-2&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeffrey+Chipps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlQZ83r_u9LQC%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200226–27-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards200226–27_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichards2002">Richards 2002</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19764-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19764_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1976">Miller 1976</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid2006" class="citation book cs1">Jörgensen, Christer; Pavkovic, Michael F.; Rice, Rob S.; Schneid, Frederick C.; Scott, Chris L. (2006). <i>Fighting Techniques of the Early Modern World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books" title="Thomas Dunne Books">Thomas Dunne Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-34819-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-34819-3"><bdi>0-312-34819-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Techniques+of+the+Early+Modern+World&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-312-34819-3&rft.aulast=J%C3%B6rgensen&rft.aufirst=Christer&rft.au=Pavkovic%2C+Michael+F.&rft.au=Rice%2C+Rob+S.&rft.au=Schneid%2C+Frederick+C.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Chris+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1976" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Douglas (1976). <i>The Landsknechts</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0850452589" title="Special:BookSources/0850452589"><bdi>0850452589</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Landsknechts&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0850452589&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2002" class="citation book cs1">Richards, John (2002). <i>Landsknecht Soldier 1486–1560</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1841762431" title="Special:BookSources/1841762431"><bdi>1841762431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landsknecht+Soldier+1486%E2%80%931560&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1841762431&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_J._Rogers" title="Clifford J. Rogers">Rogers, Cliff</a>, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology</i></a>. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195334036" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195334036"><bdi>978-0195334036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Medieval+Warfare+and+Military+Technology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0195334036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmzwpq6bLHhMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrim2010" class="citation book cs1">Trim, D.J.B., ed. (2010). <i>European Warfare 1350–1750</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88628-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88628-4"><bdi>978-0-521-88628-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Warfare+1350%E2%80%931750&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88628-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). <i>A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East</i>. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandsknecht" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Landsknechts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Landsknechts">Landsknechts</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Landsknechte">"Landsknechte"</a> at <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Reichskrone.jpg/19px-Reichskrone.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Reichskrone.jpg/29px-Reichskrone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Reichskrone.jpg/38px-Reichskrone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Portal:Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/19px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/29px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/38px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="267" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Middle_Ages" title="Portal:Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156733#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/941884/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4034375-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="German mercenaries"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85054404">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lansquenets"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12367000w">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lansquenets"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12367000w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lancknechti"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph311311&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565442405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032688520">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&oldid=1254540287">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&oldid=1254540287</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landsknechts" title="Category:Landsknechts">Landsknechts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_words_and_phrases" title="Category:German words and phrases">German words and phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:Military history of the Holy Roman Empire">Military history of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_the_15th_century" title="Category:Military units and formations established in the 15th century">Military units and formations established in the 15th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pikes_(weapon)" title="Category:Pikes (weapon)">Pikes (weapon)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 14:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qfk9f","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.674","walltime":"0.781","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5434,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":61604,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5622,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":77134,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 691.539 1 -total"," 20.45% 141.415 48 Template:Sfn"," 19.99% 138.234 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.95% 117.199 12 Template:Cite_book"," 15.84% 109.548 46 Template:Lang"," 13.24% 91.560 1 Template:For"," 11.89% 82.231 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.24% 50.041 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.60% 31.803 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.16% 28.758 2 Template:Convert"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.460","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16664764,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAxelrod2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFuster_i_Ortells1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJörgensenPavkovicRiceSchneid2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarsten1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleinschmidt1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNickelPyhrrTarassuk1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuerengässer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiemann2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilverSmith2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrim2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Italic title\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 46,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 48,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r5tzf","timestamp":"20241122141146","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Landsknecht","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landsknecht","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q156733","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q156733","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-31T17:56:45Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T14:08:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/Five_German_Soldiers_MET_DP822162.jpg","headline":"Mercenary footsoldiers in 16th century Europe"}</script> </body> </html>