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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blood_supply_and_drainage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_supply_and_drainage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Blood supply and drainage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_supply_and_drainage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microanatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microanatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Microanatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microanatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Examination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Route_of_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Route_of_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Route of administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Route_of_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constipation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constipation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Constipation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constipation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflammation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflammation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Inflammation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflammation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Other diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexual_stimulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_stimulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sexual stimulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_stimulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rectum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="مستقيم (تشريح) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستقيم (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recto_(anatom%C3%ADa)" title="Recto (anatomía) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Recto (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܫܘܪܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܘܪܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCz_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsaq" title="Düz bağırsaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Düz bağırsaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="মলাশয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মলাশয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%CC%8Dt-tn%CC%82g" title="Ti̍t-tn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ti̍t-tn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право черво – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Право черво" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recte" title="Recte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Recte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kone%C4%8Dn%C3%ADk" title="Konečník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konečník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectwm" title="Rectwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rectwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyiriv%C9%94%C9%A3u" title="Nyirivɔɣu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nyirivɔɣu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endetarm" title="Endetarm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Endetarm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastdarm" title="Mastdarm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mastdarm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ފުރަގަސް ފަރާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފުރަގަސް ފަރާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C" title="Ορθό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορθό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recto" title="Recto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Recto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektumo" title="Rektumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rektumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondeste" title="Ondeste – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ondeste" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87" title="راست‌روده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راست‌روده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rectum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reicteam" title="Reicteam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reicteam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recto" title="Recto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Recto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsh%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-tsh%C3%B2ng" title="Tshṳ̍t-tshòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tshṳ̍t-tshòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EC%9E%A5_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="직장 (해부학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="직장 (해부학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B2_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Ուղիղ աղիք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուղիղ աղիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="मलाशय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलाशय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektumo" title="Rektumo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rektumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda%C3%BEarmur" title="Endaþarmur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Endaþarmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retto" title="Retto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Retto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="חלחולת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלחולת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol" title="Bol – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="სწორი ნაწლავი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სწორი ნაწლავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Тік ішек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тік ішек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortor%C3%AEk" title="Tortorîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tortorîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D1%87%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Көтөн чучук – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көтөн чучук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rectum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taisn%C4%81_zarna" title="Taisnā zarna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taisnā zarna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiesioji_%C5%BEarna" title="Tiesioji žarna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiesioji žarna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88njderm" title="Ènjderm – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ènjderm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9gb%C3%A9l" title="Végbél – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Végbél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AD%E1%83%B7" title="ბონი ჭჷ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბონი ჭჷ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeldarm" title="Endeldarm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Endeldarm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatdarm" title="Gatdarm – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gatdarm" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="रेक्टम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रेक्टम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%85%B8" title="直腸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="直腸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endetarm" title="Endetarm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Endetarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endetarm" title="Endetarm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Endetarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBg%CA%BBri_ichak" title="Toʻgʻri ichak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻgʻri ichak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odbytnica" title="Odbytnica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odbytnica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reto" title="Reto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rect" title="Rect – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rect" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uquti" title="Uquti – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uquti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прямая кишка человека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прямая кишка человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱨᱮᱠᱴᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱮᱠᱴᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektumi" title="Rektumi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rektumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rectum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kone%C4%8Dn%C3%ADk_(stavovce)" title="Konečník (stavovce) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konečník (stavovce)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danka" title="Danka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Danka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawad" title="Malawad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malawad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%A9%DB%95" title="ڕێکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ректум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ректум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%A4suoli" title="Peräsuoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peräsuoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ndtarm" title="Ändtarm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ändtarm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbong" title="Tumbong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tumbong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D1%87%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Кешенең туры эчәге – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кешенең туры эчәге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%82" title="పురీషనాళం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పురీషనాళం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="ไส้ตรง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไส้ตรง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rektum" title="Rektum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rektum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пряма кишка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пряма кишка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%B1c_tr%C3%A0ng" title="Trực tràng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trực tràng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="直肠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%85%B8" title="直腸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="直腸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="直肠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol" title="Bol – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bol" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158716#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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navigation-not-searchable">"Rectal" redirects here. For the route of administration, see <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">Rectal administration</a>. For the conic sections, see <a href="/wiki/Latus_rectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Latus rectum">Latus rectum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-latus_rectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-latus rectum">Semi-latus rectum</a>. For the village in the Netherlands, see <a href="/wiki/Rectum,_Netherlands" title="Rectum, Netherlands">Rectum, Netherlands</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Rectum</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectum_anatomy_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Rectum_anatomy_en.svg/250px-Rectum_anatomy_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Rectum_anatomy_en.svg/375px-Rectum_anatomy_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Rectum_anatomy_en.svg/500px-Rectum_anatomy_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Anatomy of the human rectum</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg/250px-Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg/375px-Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg/500px-Tractus_intestinalis_rectum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Scheme of <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">digestive tract</a>, with rectum marked</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Precursor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindgut" title="Hindgut">Hindgut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrointestinal system">Gastrointestinal system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_rectal_artery" title="Superior rectal artery">Superior rectal artery</a> (first two-thirds of rectum), <a href="/wiki/Middle_rectal_artery" title="Middle rectal artery">middle rectal artery</a> (last third of rectum)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Vein</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_rectal_veins" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior rectal veins">Superior rectal veins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_rectal_veins" title="Middle rectal veins">middle rectal veins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inferior_anal_nerves" title="Inferior anal nerves">Inferior anal nerves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior mesenteric ganglia">inferior mesenteric ganglia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lymph" title="Lymph">Lymph</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_lymph_nodes" title="Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes">Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pararectal_lymph_nodes" title="Pararectal lymph nodes">pararectal lymph nodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internal_iliac_lymph_nodes" title="Internal iliac lymph nodes">internal iliac lymph nodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep_inguinal_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep inguinal lymph nodes">deep inguinal lymph nodes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Function</th><td class="infobox-data">Store <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>rectum intestinum</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012007">D012007</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.7.04.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.7.04.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2998">2998</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma14544">14544</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small 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.gastrointestinal-tract{width:21em}.mw-parser-output .gastrointestinal-tract .sidebar-list-title{padding-right:3em;font-size:100%;background-color:MistyRose}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks gastrointestinal-tract hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/300px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/400px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Major parts of the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal tract</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper gastrointestinal tract">Upper gastrointestinal tract</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower gastrointestinal tract">Lower gastrointestinal tract</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rectum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">Anus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Gastrointestinal wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_digestive_system" title="Human digestive system">Human digestive system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_anatomy" title="Outline of human anatomy">Outline of human anatomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Template:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Template talk:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>rectum</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>rectums</b> or <b>recta</b>) is the final straight portion of the <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a> in humans and some other <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gut</a> in others. The adult human rectum is about 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and begins at the rectosigmoid junction (the end of the <a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">sigmoid colon</a>) at the level of the third sacral vertebra or the sacral promontory depending upon what definition is used.<sup id="cite_ref-ASCRS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCRS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its diameter is similar to that of the sigmoid colon at its commencement, but it is dilated near its termination, forming the <b>rectal ampulla</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It terminates at the level of the anorectal ring (the level of the <a href="/wiki/Puborectalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Puborectalis">puborectalis</a> sling) or the <a href="/wiki/Dentate_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentate line">dentate line</a>, again depending upon which definition is used.<sup id="cite_ref-ASCRS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCRS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In humans, the rectum is followed by the <a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">anal canal</a>, which is about 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long, before the gastrointestinal tract terminates at the <a href="/wiki/Anal_verge" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal verge">anal verge</a>. The word rectum comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rectum" class="extiw" title="wikt:rectum">rēctum</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intestinum" class="extiw" title="wikt:intestinum">intestīnum</a></i>, meaning <i>straight intestine</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:186px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray403.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray403.png/197px-Gray403.png" decoding="async" width="197" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray403.png/296px-Gray403.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gray403.png/394px-Gray403.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="615" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:186px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif/187px-WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif" decoding="async" width="187" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif/281px-WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif/374px-WeiblichesBeckenMedian.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The rectum lies in front of the <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a>. It lies behind the bladder in males (left), and the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a> in females (right).</div></div></div></div> <p>The human rectum is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower gastrointestinal tract">lower gastrointestinal tract</a>. The rectum is a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">sigmoid colon</a>, and connects to the <a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">anus</a>. The rectum follows the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a> and ends in an expanded section called an ampulla where <a href="/wiki/Human_feces" title="Human feces">feces</a> is stored before its release via the <a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">anal canal</a>. An ampulla (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> bottle</i>) is a cavity, or the dilated end of a duct, shaped like a Roman <a href="/wiki/Ampulla" title="Ampulla">ampulla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161146–7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161146–7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rectum joins with the sigmoid colon at the level of <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">S3</a>, and joins with the anal canal as it passes through the <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_floor" title="Pelvic floor">pelvic floor</a> muscles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161146–7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161146–7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike other portions of the colon, the rectum does not have distinct <a href="/wiki/Taeniae_coli" class="mw-redirect" title="Taeniae coli">taeniae coli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161137_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161137-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The taeniae blend with one another in the sigmoid colon five centimeters above the rectum, becoming a singular longitudinal muscle that surrounds the rectum on all sides for its entire length.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161137_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161137-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply_and_drainage">Blood supply and drainage</h3></div> <p>The blood supply of the rectum changes between the top and bottom portions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top two thirds is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Superior_rectal_artery" title="Superior rectal artery">superior rectal artery</a>. The lower third is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_rectal_artery" title="Middle rectal artery">middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_rectal_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior rectal arteries">inferior rectal arteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The superior rectal artery is a single artery that is a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_artery" title="Inferior mesenteric artery">inferior mesenteric artery</a>, when it crosses the <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_brim" title="Pelvic brim">pelvic brim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It enters the mesorectum at the level of S3, and then splits into two branches, which run at the lateral back part of the rectum, and then the sides of the rectum. These then end in branches in the submucosa, which join with (<i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anastamose#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:anastamose">anastamose</a></i>) with branches of the middle and inferior rectal arteries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGray's_Anatomy20161151-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray539.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Arteries of the pelvis"><img alt="Arteries of the pelvis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray539.png/111px-Gray539.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray539.png/167px-Gray539.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Gray539.png/223px-Gray539.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arteries of the pelvis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1083.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Blood vessels of the rectum and anus"><img alt="Blood vessels of the rectum and anus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray1083.png/72px-Gray1083.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray1083.png/108px-Gray1083.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray1083.png/144px-Gray1083.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blood vessels of the rectum and anus</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microanatomy">Microanatomy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Gastrointestinal wall</a></div> <p>The microanatomy of the wall of the rectum is similar to the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">gastrointestinal tract</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013273_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013273-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namely, that it possesses a mucosa with a lining of <a href="/wiki/Columnar_epithelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Columnar epithelium">a single layer of column-shaped cells</a> with mucus-secreting <a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">goblet cells</a> interspersed, resting on a <a href="/wiki/Lamina_propria" title="Lamina propria">lamina propria</a>, with a layer of smooth muscle called <a href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscularis mucosa">muscularis mucosa</a>. This sits on an underlying <a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">submucosa</a> of connective tissue, surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Muscularis_propria" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscularis propria">muscularis propria</a> of two bands of muscle, an inner circular band and an outer longitudinal one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013252–4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013252–4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a higher concentration of goblet cells in the rectal mucosa than other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013273_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013273-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lining of the rectum changes sharply at the line where the rectum meets the <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>. Here, the lining changes from the column-shaped cells of the rectum to <a href="/wiki/Stratified_squamous_epithelium" title="Stratified squamous epithelium">multiple layers of flat cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013273_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheater's2013273-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross-section microscopic shot of the rectal wall"><img alt="Cross-section microscopic shot of the rectal wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rectum.JPG/120px-Rectum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rectum.JPG/180px-Rectum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rectum.JPG/240px-Rectum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross-section microscopic shot of the rectal wall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogrectum40x3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dog rectum cross-section (40×)"><img alt="Dog rectum cross-section (40×)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dogrectum40x3.jpg/120px-Dogrectum40x3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dogrectum40x3.jpg/180px-Dogrectum40x3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dogrectum40x3.jpg/240px-Dogrectum40x3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dog rectum cross-section (40×)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogrectum400x3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Microscopic cross-section of the rectum of a dog (400×), showing a high concentration of goblet cells in amongst the column-shaped lining. Goblet cells can be seen as the circular cells with a clear inner material (cytoplasm)."><img alt="Microscopic cross-section of the rectum of a dog (400×), showing a high concentration of goblet cells in amongst the column-shaped lining. Goblet cells can be seen as the circular cells with a clear inner material (cytoplasm)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dogrectum400x3.jpg/120px-Dogrectum400x3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dogrectum400x3.jpg/180px-Dogrectum400x3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dogrectum400x3.jpg/240px-Dogrectum400x3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">Microscopic cross-section</a> of the rectum of a dog (400×), showing a high concentration of <a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">goblet cells</a> in amongst the column-shaped lining. Goblet cells can be seen as the circular cells with a clear inner material (<a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">cytoplasm</a>).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Rectum##" title="Talk:Rectum">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rectum&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources at this section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The rectum acts as a temporary storage site for feces. The rectum receives fecal material from the <a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">descending colon</a>, transmitted through regular muscle contractions called <a href="/wiki/Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">peristalsis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the rectal walls expand due to the materials filling it from within, stretch receptors from the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> located in the rectal walls stimulate the desire to pass feces, a process called <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Internal_anal_sphincter" title="Internal anal sphincter">internal</a> and <a href="/wiki/External_anal_sphincter" title="External anal sphincter">external anal sphincter</a>, and resting contraction of the <a href="/wiki/Puborectalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Puborectalis">puborectalis</a>, prevent leakage of feces (<a href="/wiki/Fecal_incontinence" title="Fecal incontinence">fecal incontinence</a>). As the rectum becomes more distended, the sphincters relax and a <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflex</a> expulsion of the contents of the rectum occurs. Expulsion occurs through contractions of the muscles of the rectum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The urge to voluntarily defecate occurs after the rectal pressure increases to beyond 18 mmHg; and reflex expulsion at 55 mmHg. In voluntary defecation, in addition to contraction of the rectal muscles and relaxation of the external anal sphincter, abdominal muscle contraction, and relaxation of the puborectalis muscle occurs. This acts to make the angle between the rectum and anus straighter, and facilitate defecation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanong's2019492-4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectum-2016-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rectum-2016-12.jpg/220px-Rectum-2016-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rectum-2016-12.jpg/330px-Rectum-2016-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rectum-2016-12.jpg/440px-Rectum-2016-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>The inside of a normal human rectum in a 70-year-old, seen during <a href="/wiki/Colonoscopy" title="Colonoscopy">colonoscopy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg/220px-Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg/330px-Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg/440px-Rectum-2016-12-hemo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Retroflexed view of the human rectum seen at colonoscopy showing anal verge</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg/220px-Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg/330px-Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg/440px-Digital_rectal_exam_nci-vol-7136-300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="2018" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Digital_rectal_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital rectal exam">digital rectal exam</a> is conducted to investigate or diagnose conditions including of the <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examination">Examination</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rectal_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal exam">Rectal exam</a></div> <p>For the diagnosis of certain ailments, a <a href="/wiki/Rectal_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal exam">rectal exam</a> may be done. These include <a href="/wiki/Faecal_impaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Faecal impaction">faecal impaction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostatic_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostatic cancer">prostatic cancer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hypertrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign prostatic hypertrophy">benign prostatic hypertrophy</a> in men, <a href="/wiki/Faecal_incontinence" class="mw-redirect" title="Faecal incontinence">faecal incontinence</a>, and internal <a href="/wiki/Haemorrhoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorrhoids">haemorrhoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forms of <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a> used to examine the rectum include <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography_of_the_abdomen_and_pelvis" title="Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis">CT scans</a> and MRI scans. An <a href="/wiki/Transrectal_ultrasound" class="mw-redirect" title="Transrectal ultrasound">ultrasound</a> probe may be inserted into the rectum to view nearby structures such as the prostate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colonoscopy" title="Colonoscopy">Colonoscopy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigmoidoscopy" title="Sigmoidoscopy">sigmoidoscopy</a> are forms of <a href="/wiki/Endoscopy" title="Endoscopy">endoscopy</a> that use a guided camera to directly view the rectum. The instruments may have the ability to take <a href="/wiki/Biopsy" title="Biopsy">biopsies</a> if needed, for diagnosis of diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Proctoscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Proctoscope">proctoscope</a> is another instrument that is used to visualise the rectum. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature" title="Human body temperature">Body temperature</a> can also be taken in the rectum. Rectal temperature can be taken by inserting a <a href="/wiki/Medical_thermometer" title="Medical thermometer">medical thermometer</a> not more than 25 mm (0.98 in) into the rectum via the <a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">anus</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Mercury-in-glass_thermometer" title="Mercury-in-glass thermometer">mercury thermometer</a> should be inserted for 3 to 5 minutes; a digital thermometer should remain inserted until it beeps. Normal rectal temperature generally ranges from 36 to 38 °C (97 to 100 °F) and is about 0.5 °C (32.9 °F) above oral (mouth) temperature and about 1 °C (34 °F) above <a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">axilla</a> (armpit) temperature.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Availability of less invasive temperature-taking methods including tympanic (ear) and forehead thermometers has facilitated reduced use of this method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Route_of_administration">Route of administration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">Rectal administration</a></div> <p>Some medications are also administered via the rectum (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">per rectum</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's201817_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's201817-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By their definitions, suppositories are inserted, and enemas are injected into the rectum.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medications might be given via the rectum to relieve constipation, to treat conditions near the rectum, such as fissures or haemorrhoids, or to give medications that are systemically active when taking them by mouth is not possible.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People do not tend to like medications administered by this route because of both cultural issues, discomfort, and issues that may affect the medication working, such as leakage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constipation">Constipation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">Constipation</a></div> <p>One cause of <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Faecal_impaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Faecal impaction">faecal impaction</a> in the rectum, in which a dry, hard <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stool" class="extiw" title="wikt:stool">stool</a> forms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Constipation is most commonly due to dietary and lifestyle factors such as inadequate <a href="/wiki/Drinking" title="Drinking">hydration</a>, immobility, and lack of dietary fibre, although there are many potential causes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such causes may include obstruction because of narrowing, local disease (such as Crohn's disease, fissures or haemorrhoids), or diseases affecting the neurological control of the bowel, or slow bowel transit time, including <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury" title="Spinal cord injury">spinal cord injury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>; use of medications such as <a href="/wiki/Opioids" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioids">opioids</a>, and conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>, as well as severe illness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High calcium levels and <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">low thyroid activity</a> may also cause constipation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Testing may be carried out to investigate the cause. This may include <a href="/wiki/Blood_test" title="Blood test">blood tests</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> levels, <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_function_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid function test">thyroid function tests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A digital rectal examination may be performed to see if there is stool in the rectum, and whether there is an obstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When symptoms such as weight loss, bleeding through the rectum, or pain are present, additional investigations such as a <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> may be ordered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If constipation persists despite simple treatments, testing may also include <a href="/wiki/Anal_manometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal manometry">anal manometry</a> to measure pressures in the anus and rectum, electrophysiological studies, and magnetic resonance proctography.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general however, constipation is treated by improving factors such as hydration, exercise, and dietary fibre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson's2018786–7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laxatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxatives">Laxatives</a> may be used. Constipation that persists may require enemas or suppositories. Sometimes, use of the fingers or hand (manual evacuation) is required.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although <a href="/wiki/Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">peristalsis</a> in the colon delivers material to the rectum, laxatives such as <a href="/wiki/Bisacodyl" title="Bisacodyl">bisacodyl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Senna_glycoside" title="Senna glycoside">senna</a> that induce peristalsis in the large bowel do not appear to initiate peristalsis in the rectum. They induce a sensation of rectal fullness and contraction that frequently leads to defecation, but without the distinct waves of activity characteristic of peristalsis.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflammation">Inflammation</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proctitis" title="Proctitis">Proctitis</a> is <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> of the anus and the rectum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">Ulcerative colitis</a>, one form of <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a> that causes ulcers that affect the rectum. This may be episodic, over a person's lifetime. These may cause blood to be visible in the stool. As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rectum&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the cause is unknown.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal cancer">Rectal cancer</a>, a subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a> specific to the rectum.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_diseases">Other diseases</h3></div> <p>Other diseases of the rectum include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_prolapse" title="Rectal prolapse">Rectal prolapse</a>, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Prolapse" title="Prolapse">prolapse</a> of the rectum into the anus or external area. This is commonly caused by a weakened <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_floor" title="Pelvic floor">pelvic floor</a> after childbirth</li> <li>In the context of <a href="/wiki/Mesenteric_ischemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenteric ischemia">mesenteric ischemia</a>, the upper rectum is sometimes referred to as <b>Sudeck's point</b> and is of clinical importance as a watershed region between the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_artery" title="Inferior mesenteric artery">inferior mesenteric artery</a> circulation and the <a href="/wiki/Internal_iliac_artery" title="Internal iliac artery">internal iliac artery</a> circulation via the <a href="/wiki/Middle_rectal_artery" title="Middle rectal artery">middle rectal artery</a> and thus prone to ischemia. Sudeck's point is often referred to along with <a href="/wiki/Griffith%27s_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffith's point">Griffith's point</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Splenic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic flexure">splenic flexure</a> as a watershed region.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_stimulation">Sexual stimulation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></div> <p>Due to the proximity of the anterior wall of the rectum to the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a> in females or to the <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a> in males, and the shared nerves thereof, the rectum is an <a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">erogenous zone</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)#Touch_and_pain" title="Stimulus (physiology)">stimulation</a> or penetration can result in <a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">sexual arousal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3></div> <p>English <i>rectum</i> is derived from the Latin <i>intestinum rectum</i><sup id="cite_ref-FCAT_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCAT-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'straight gut',<sup id="cite_ref-Schreger_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schreger-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_&_Short_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_&_Short-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> ἀπευθυσμένον ἔντερον, derived from ἀπευθύνειν, <i>to make straight</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ἔντερον, <i>gut</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attested in the writings of Greek <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his anatomic investigations on animal corpses, Galen observed the rectum to be straight instead of curved as in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyrtl1880_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyrtl1880-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triepel1910b_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triepel1910b-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expressions ἀπευθυσμένον ἔντερον and intestinum rectum are therefore not appropriate descriptions of the rectum in humans. <i>Apeuthysmenon</i><sup id="cite_ref-Kossmann1895_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kossmann1895-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the Latinization of ἀπευθυσμένον and <i>euthyenteron</i><sup id="cite_ref-Gabler_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabler-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a similar meaning (εὐθύς 'straight<sup id="cite_ref-Liddell_&_Scott_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liddell_&_Scott-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Much of the knowledge of the anatomy of the rectum comes from detailed descriptions provided by <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius" title="Andreas Vesalius">Andreas Vesalius</a> in 1543.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_drip" title="Murphy drip">Murphy drip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectinate_line" title="Pectinate line">Pectinate line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_prolapse" title="Rectal prolapse">Rectal prolapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_thermometry" title="Rectal thermometry">Rectal thermometry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNosek" class="citation book cs1">Nosek, Thomas M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324124828/http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">"Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30"</a>. <i>Essentials of Human Physiology</i>. 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New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-24846-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-24846-2"><bdi>978-0-387-24846-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ASCRS+textbook+of+colon+and+rectal+surgery&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-24846-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wang-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wang_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangWiseman2023" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Yun Hwa W.; Wiseman, Jeffrey (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537245/">"Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Rectum"</a>. <i>StatPearls</i>. 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Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latijnsch-Hollandsch+woordenboek+over+de+geneeskunde+en+natuurkundige+wetenschappen.&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=A.W.+Sijthoff&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Gabler&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Winkler%2C+TC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckRobertsSaclaridesSenagore2011" class="citation book cs1">Beck DE, Roberts PL, Saclarides TJ, Senagore AJ, Stamos MJ, Nasseri Y (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhQ1A35E8jwC&pg=PA1"><i>The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery: Second Edition</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-1581-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-1581-8"><bdi>978-1-4419-1581-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ASCRS+Textbook+of+Colon+and+Rectal+Surgery%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4419-1581-8&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Patricia+L.&rft.au=Saclarides%2C+Theodore+J.&rft.au=Senagore%2C+Anthony+J.&rft.au=Stamos%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Nasseri%2C+Yosef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhQ1A35E8jwC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanong's2019" class="citation book cs1">Barrett KE, Barman SM, Yuan JX, Brooks H (2019). <i>Ganong's review of medical physiology</i> (26th ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781260122404" title="Special:BookSources/9781260122404"><bdi>9781260122404</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1076268769">1076268769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ganong%27s+review+of+medical+physiology&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=26th&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1076268769&rft.isbn=9781260122404&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Kim+E&rft.au=Barman%2C+Susan+M&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Jason+X-J&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Heddwen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson's2018" class="citation book cs1">Ralston SH, Penman ID, Strachan MW, Hobson RP (2018). <i>Davidson's principles and practice of medicine</i> (23rd ed.). Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-7028-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-7028-0"><bdi>978-0-7020-7028-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Davidson%27s+principles+and+practice+of+medicine&rft.edition=23rd&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-7028-0&rft.aulast=Ralston&rft.aufirst=Stuart+H.&rft.au=Penman%2C+Ian+D.&rft.au=Strachan%2C+Mark+W.&rft.au=Hobson%2C+Richard+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Solomon EP, Schmidt RR, Adragna PJ (1990). <i>Human anatomy & physiology</i> (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Sunders College Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-011914-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-011914-6"><bdi>0-03-011914-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+anatomy+%26+physiology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Sunders+College+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-03-011914-6&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Eldra+P.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Richard+R.&rft.au=Adragna%2C+Peter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray's_Anatomy2016" class="citation book cs1">Standring S, ed. (2016). <i>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice</i> (41st ed.). Philadelphia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702052309" title="Special:BookSources/9780702052309"><bdi>9780702052309</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/920806541">920806541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+%3A+the+anatomical+basis+of+clinical+practice&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=41st&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F920806541&rft.isbn=9780702052309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheater's2013" class="citation book cs1">Young B, O'Dowd G, Woodford P (2013). <i>Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas</i> (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702047473" title="Special:BookSources/9780702047473"><bdi>9780702047473</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wheater%27s+functional+histology%3A+a+text+and+colour+atlas.&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780702047473&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=O%27Dowd%2C+Geraldine&rft.au=Woodford%2C+Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARectum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/plastination/pembody/body15a-text.html">Cross section image: pembody/body15a</a>—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/plastination/pelvis/pelvis-e12-15-text.html">Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15</a>—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/imgs/00000/7000/800/7808.jpg">Anatomy image:7808</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l43/110101.htm">Anatomy photo:43:11-0101</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Template:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Template talk:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, excluding the <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" title="Pharyngeal muscles">Muscles</a></li> <li>Spaces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peripharyngeal_space" title="Peripharyngeal space">peripharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retropharyngeal_space" title="Retropharyngeal space">retropharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapharyngeal_space" title="Parapharyngeal space">parapharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrovisceral_space" title="Retrovisceral space">retrovisceral </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_space" title="Danger space">danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_space" title="Prevertebral space">prevertebral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygomandibular_raphe" title="Pterygomandibular raphe">Pterygomandibular raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" title="Pharyngeal raphe">Pharyngeal raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" title="Buccopharyngeal fascia">Buccopharyngeal fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" title="Pharyngobasilar fascia">Pharyngobasilar fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyriform_sinus" title="Pyriform sinus">Pyriform sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sphincters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">upper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">lower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_gland" title="Esophageal gland">glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)" title="Crop (anatomy)">crop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Curvatures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Greater_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Lesser_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_incisure" title="Angular incisure">Angular incisure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Sections" title="Stomach">Cardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Fundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">Pylorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_mucosa" title="Gastric mucosa">Gastric mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_folds" title="Gastric folds">Gastric folds</a></li> <li>Microanatomy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_pits" title="Gastric pits">Gastric pits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_glands" title="Gastric glands">Gastric glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac glands">Cardiac glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundic glands">Fundic glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylorus#Histology" title="Pylorus">Pyloric glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveolar_cell" title="Foveolar cell">Foveolar cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">Parietal cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell" title="Gastric chief cell">Gastric chief cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">Enterochromaffin-like cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microanatomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">Intestinal villi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microvillus" title="Microvillus">Microvilli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_gland" title="Intestinal gland">Intestinal glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterocyte" title="Enterocyte">Enterocytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroendocrine_cell" title="Enteroendocrine cell">Enteroendocrine cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">Goblet cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">Suspensory muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_duodenal_papilla" title="Major duodenal papilla">Major duodenal papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_duodenal_papilla" title="Minor duodenal papilla">Minor duodenal papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" title="Duodenojejunal flexure">Duodenojejunal flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>No substructures</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ileocecal_valve" title="Ileocecal valve">Ileocecal valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfold_cell" title="Microfold cell">Microfold cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine#Structure" title="Large intestine">Colon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic flexure">Hepatic flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic flexure">Splenic flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li> <li>Continuous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taenia_coli" title="Taenia coli">taenia coli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haustrum_(anatomy)" title="Haustrum (anatomy)">haustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiploic_appendix" title="Epiploic appendix">epiploic appendix</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_folds_of_rectum" title="Transverse folds of rectum">Transverse folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_ampulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal ampulla">Ampulla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_columns" title="Anal columns">Anal columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_valves" title="Anal valves">Anal valves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sinuses" title="Anal sinuses">Anal sinuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectinate_line" title="Pectinate line">Pectinate line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_anal_sphincter" title="Internal anal sphincter">Internal anal sphincter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersphincteric_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersphincteric groove">Intersphincteric groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_anal_sphincter" title="External anal sphincter">External anal sphincter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serous_membrane" title="Serous membrane">Serosa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adventitia" title="Adventitia">Adventitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subserosa" title="Subserosa">Subserosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_layer" title="Muscular layer">Muscular layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">Circular folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">Muscularis mucosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a 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title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and<br />sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158716#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158716#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158716#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119758670">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="konečník"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph174628&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000115122&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565871005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" 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