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<li id="toc-Armenian_merchants_in_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_merchants_in_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Armenian merchants in China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_merchants_in_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_two_World_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_two_World_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>During two World Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_two_World_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cultural Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harbin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harbin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Harbin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harbin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shanghai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shanghai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Shanghai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shanghai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_Armenians_in_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_Armenians_in_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Famous Armenians in China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_Armenians_in_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_community_of_China_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_community_of_China_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Armenian community of China today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_community_of_China_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese people of Armenian descent</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Armenians in China</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; font-family:Palatino Linotype;""><b><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_eternity_sign" title="Armenian eternity sign"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/80px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/120px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/160px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenian culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_architecture" title="Armenian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Armenia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dress" title="Armenian dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_literature" title="Armenian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">History</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenians_per_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians per country">By country</a> or region</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a> (See also <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Turkey" title="Armenians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_France" title="Armenians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_India" title="Armenians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armenians" title="Iraqi Armenians">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentines" title="Armenian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Uruguayans" title="Armenian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon" title="Armenians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ukraine" title="Armenians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Australians" title="Armenian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Egypt" title="Armenians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Sweden" title="Armenians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Singapore" title="Armenians in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Subgroups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hamshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Loms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Brotherhood_Church" title="Armenian Brotherhood Church">Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Hetanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia" title="Languages of Armenia">Languages and dialects</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zok</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Western_Armenian" title="Western Armenian">Western</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homshetsi_dialect" title="Homshetsi dialect">Homshetsi</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian Sign</a> •  <i><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Sign_Language" title="Caucasian Sign Language">Caucasian Sign</a></i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats#Language" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Cuman</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language">Armeno-Kipchak</a></i><br />Armenian–Lom: <a href="/wiki/Lomavren_language" title="Lomavren language">Lomavren</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Persecution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Genocide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Denial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Armenianism">Anti-Armenianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Armenians" title="Hidden Armenians">Hidden Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armenians" title="Template:Armenians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armenians" title="Template talk:Armenians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armenians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armenians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are roughly 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> currently living in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asbareaz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asbareaz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Armenian community of Hong Kong and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, commonly referred to as ChinaHay, regularly organizes events across China.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst the current community is relatively small,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armenians have held historical presence in China for many centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-chinahay.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinahay.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_merchants_in_China">Armenian merchants in China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armenian merchants in China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a></div> <p>Armenian merchants traveled and lived in China long before the twentieth century. <a href="/wiki/Hethum_I" title="Hethum I">Hethum I</a>, ruler of Cilicia, traveled to the Mongol court in <a href="/wiki/Karakorum" title="Karakorum">Karakorum</a> in 1254.<sup id="cite_ref-Rossabi2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rossabi2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> and Armenians were in China during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">converted to Catholicism</a> at the turn of the 14th century by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Montecorvino" title="John of Montecorvino">John of Montecorvino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bays2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bays2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> a church belonging to the Franciscans received a donation from an Armenian woman in Medieval China.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1318, Quanzhou's bishop, Peregrine of Castello, reported an Armenian woman gave the Franciscans a church and house.<sup id="cite_ref-GardnerLieu2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GardnerLieu2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armenians followed the Franciscan Catholic Latin Rite in Quanzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 17th to 19th centuries, some Armenian merchants established communities and ran successful businesses in Guangzhou and Hong Kong and there was even a small Armenian community in Tibet.<sup id="cite_ref-chinahay.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinahay.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Armenians of Tibet were focused on trade in deer musk.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_two_World_Wars">During two World Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During two World Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Armenians_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Armenians in China">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> who fled from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> to escape massive <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">genocide</a> led by Turkish troops against Armenian civilians, were officially accepted in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a>. China agreed to allow them to stay and provided accommodation, food and churches. After the Turkish surrender, most Armenians chose to remain in China, due to the continuing crisis in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Armenians joined the Chinese and <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a>, and later, the <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">British</a> forces, against <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sino-Japanese war">Japanese invasion</a>. Most Armenians followed <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Revolutionary_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Revolutionary Army">Nationalist Revolutionary Army</a>, or joined the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communists</a>, and resisted Japanese forces in Shanghai, Beiping, and other Chinese provinces. The Armenians lost a total 5,000 men. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Revolution">Cultural Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultural Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since all religions were targeted by the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, many churches and houses were destroyed, and most Armenians fled to <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s Central Asia or <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The massive cultural revolution had decreased the number of Armenians in China down to less than 1000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harbin">Harbin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Harbin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Armenians_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Armenians in China">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A limited number of Armenians settled in <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Eastern_Railway" title="Chinese Eastern Railway">Chinese Eastern Railway</a> (KVZHD), undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> in 1898. Their main settlement was in Harbin. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> the number of Armenians increased, which necessitated the creation of an Armenian National Organization for the purpose of helping their needy countrymen and the preservation of their national heritage. </p><p>The Armenian National Organization was headed by the Board of Directors, whose president for many years was Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._G._Migdisov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. G. Migdisov (page does not exist)">C. G. Migdisov</a>, along with Mr. Ter-Ovakimov, an engineer with the KVZHD and Nr. Melik-Ogandjanov, an attorney. </p><p>The Armenian National Organization was founded in 1917. Its statute was approved by the local authorities in 1919. By 1923, they succeeded in building their own church and adjacent to it a social hall located on <a href="/wiki/Sadovaya_Street" title="Sadovaya Street">Sadovaya Street</a>. Because most of the members of the Armenian colony lived in Harbin and had the only Armenian church in China, with residential quarters for their priest, Fr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeghishe_Rostomiants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeghishe Rostomiants (page does not exist)">Yeghishe Rostomiants</a>, the spiritual leader of all Armenians in Manchuria, China and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, Harbin became the center of Armenians in China. </p><p>One of the main tasks of the Armenian Organization was to solve the problems of assistance to the needy members, such as the elderly, the poor, the orphans and generally all those who needed one or another kind of help in co-operation with Ladies Aid Group. The Board organized social events, staged national and literary plays, which were performed by the youth group in Armenian. On national and religious holidays, tea parties were also organized. Classes to study Armenian language and literature also were held. The theatrical plays were performed at the prestigious Commercial Club and the Tchurin Club, where “Anahit” drama and Azerbaijani opera “Arshin-Mal-Alan“ musicals were performed, featuring the lead singer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karine_Psakian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karine Psakian (page does not exist)">Karine Psakian</a>. </p><p>Until 1918, the city of Harbin had an Armenian House of Prayer in the district of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noviy_Gored&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noviy Gored (page does not exist)">Noviy Gored</a>. In 1918, the KVZHD (Chinese Eastern Railroad) granted the Armenian Colony a piece of property on 18, Sadovaya Street, on the corner of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoyang_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoyang Street (page does not exist)">Liaoyang Street</a>, where they began to build the Far-Eastern Armeno-Gregorian Church, which took several years to complete. The name “Far-Eastern” derived from the fact that Rev. Fr. Yeghishe Rostomiants and his family emigrated to Harbin from <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, where evidently his church had closed. The church in Harbin began officially to function in the 1920s. In 1925, the Chinese Authorities registered it as the Armeno-Grigorian Church of Harbin. The church was erected in memory of <a href="/wiki/St._Gregory_the_Illuminator" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gregory the Illuminator">St. Gregory the Illuminator</a>. </p><p>In 1932, Fr. Yeghishe Rostomiants died, leaving the church without a pastor and for several years thereafter the church and the premises were rented to the members of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> Congregation, who later built their own church. In 1937, thanks to the initiative and efforts of Mr. Ter-Ovakimov, President of the Armenian Organization, a priest was brought from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> - Rev. Fr. Assoghig Ghazarian. He had been educated in the monastery, after he was orphaned during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. At the time of his arrival in Harbin, he was only 27 years old. He was well-educated and spoke five languages. The Armenian Colony, numbering at the time about 350-400 people, felt very fortunate once again to have a pastor. </p><p>During the period of 1938–1950, under Rev. Fr. Ghazarian, a building adjacent to the church was enlarged and renovated, thanks to the financial backing of large contributors and businessmen. In 1950, Rt. Rev. Fr. Assoghig Ghazarian, who during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> ended up in the concentration camp for <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> citizens in the city of <a href="/wiki/Mukden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden">Mukden</a>, returned to Jerusalem and the Armenian Church once again was without a pastor. </p><p>Subsequently, during the following years, due to the mass-exodus of Armenians from Harbin, their colony dwindled down to a mere 40-50 people. In 1959, the building of the Armenian Church changed hands and became the property of the Chinese Government, which in turn used it for a textile factory. In August 1966, during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, all churches in Harbin were demolished and all the treasures of the Armenian Church including icons and elaborate vestments were destroyed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shanghai">Shanghai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shanghai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg/220px-Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg/330px-Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg/440px-Armenian_National_Home_Shanghai_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2819" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption>An invitation to the Armenian National Home. 1940. </figcaption></figure> <p>There is also much Armenian history in Shanghai. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Relief_Society" title="Armenian Relief Society">Armenian Relief Society</a> had a chapter in Shanghai as early as 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-gulbenkian.pt_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulbenkian.pt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the houses that were initially set out by the Armenian Relief Society that eventually became the Armenian Club of Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its purpose was twofold: first, it helped refugees get settled in their new surroundings, but it then served as a meeting place for like-minded people to gather and swap stories.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Communist takeover in 1949, most of the Armenians left China (mainly for San Francisco) and the community ended up being only 50 strong. There is today an active chapter in Shanghai of the Armenian community of China.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this section be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> out into another article titled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenians in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Armenians in Hong Kong</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Armenians_in_China" title="Talk:Armenians in China">Discuss</a>) <small><i>(March 2024)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There has been an Armenian community of various sizes in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> since the 19th century and many notable Armenians have left their mark, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chater" title="Paul Chater">Sir Paul Catchik Chater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of the second half of the 20th century, Hong Kong was a natural trading hub for many Armenians from all around the world and a small community was always present. </p><p>In November 2013, the community opened the Jack & Julie Maxian Hong Kong Armenian Centre with more than 100 distinguished attendees including <a href="/wiki/Karekin_II" title="Karekin II">Karekin II</a> present for the opening ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community regularly organizes events at the centre.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_Armenians_in_China">Famous Armenians in China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Famous Armenians in China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chater" title="Paul Chater">Sir Paul Catchik Chater</a></b> was born to Armenian parents in India in 1846. Orphaned at the age of eight, Chater received his education in Calcutta before arriving in Hong Kong in 1864. He became one of the most successful businessmen in the history of Hong Kong and is regarded for founding Hong Kong Land in 1889, that remains one of the largest and most prestigious companies of Hong Kong. In 1896, Chater was appointed to the Executive Council of Hong Kong and served there until his death in 1926. He was knighted in 1902. In 1904, he single-handedly financed the construction of St. Andrew's Church in Kowloon that is still in use and bears a plaque to his honor. <a href="/wiki/Chater_Road" title="Chater Road">Chater Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Town" title="Kennedy Town">Catchik Street</a> and the office building <a href="/wiki/Chater_House" title="Chater House">Chater House</a> are named after him. A commemorative plaque that mentions his Armenian past can be found in Chater House.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hovhannes_Ghazarian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hovhannes Ghazarian (page does not exist)">Professor Hovhannes Ghazarian</a></b>, an Armenian born and educated in Macau, was first to translate the Bible into Chinese, in 1822. Ghazarian (also known as Johannes Lassar), translated the Gospel of St. Matthew in 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, he travelled to Serampore (in current West Bengal, India) to continue working on the Bible. The New Testament was published in 1813, and the whole Bible was issued in 1822 by the British and Foreign Bible Society. These editions are now recognized as the first known complete print <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Chinese" title="Bible translations into Chinese">versions in Chinese</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armenian_community_of_China_today">Armenian community of China today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Armenian community of China today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a very active Armenian community in China today, commonly referred to as ChinaHay, composed of Armenians from all around the world. There are currently around 500 individuals living mainly across the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The community achieved important milestones in recent years with its formal incorporation,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> electing its first executive committee headed by President Henri Arslanian<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with the opening of the Jack and Julie Maxian Hong Kong Armenian Centre in Hong Kong in November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community celebrated the first Armenian Mass in Mainland China in decades,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched a fellowship with the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Foundation" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation">Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation</a> to research old Armenian history in China,<sup id="cite_ref-gulbenkian.pt_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulbenkian.pt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> participated in the 1st Pan-Asian Armenian Gathering<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as offered Armenian classes across China and Asia in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Virtual_College" title="Armenian Virtual College">Armenian Virtual College</a>. On 2016, Mher Sahakyan was elected as a president of the Armenian Community of China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Armenia–China relations">Armenia–China relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andin._Armenian_Journey_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Andin. Armenian Journey Chronicles">Andin. Armenian Journey Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigration to China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-asbareaz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asbareaz_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/116212/armenian-community-center-opens-in-hong-kong/">"Armenian Community Center Opens in Hong Kong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asbarez" title="Asbarez">Asbarez</a>. November 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armenian+Community+Center+Opens+in+Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Asbarez&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2F116212%2Farmenian-community-center-opens-in-hong-kong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinahay.com">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>" ChinahayChinahay " Armenian community in China"</a>. <i>chinahay.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinahay.com&rft.atitle=%22+ChinahayChinahay+%22+Armenian+community+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinahay.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511084353/http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/population.html">"News from Armenia, Events in Armenia, Travel and Entertainment | Armenian Population in the World"</a>. ArmeniaDiaspora.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/population.html">the original</a> on 2013-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+from+Armenia%2C+Events+in+Armenia%2C+Travel+and+Entertainment+%26%23124%3B+Armenian+Population+in+the+World&rft.pub=ArmeniaDiaspora.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armeniadiaspora.com%2Fpopulation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinahay.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinahay.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinahay.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinahay.com/armenian-presence-in-china/">"ChinahayChinahay"</a>. <i>chinahay.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinahay.com&rft.atitle=ChinahayChinahay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinahay.com%2Farmenian-presence-in-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rossabi2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rossabi2014_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris_Rossabi2014" class="citation book cs1">Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GXejBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA670"><i>From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 670–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28529-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28529-3"><bdi>978-90-04-28529-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Yuan+to+Modern+China+and+Mongolia%3A+The+Writings+of+Morris+Rossabi&rft.pages=670-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft.isbn=978-90-04-28529-3&rft.au=Morris+Rossabi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGXejBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bays2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bays2011_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_H._Bays2011" class="citation book cs1">Daniel H. Bays (9 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lgS-j2m_0TEC&q=armenian+catholics+yuan&pg=PT20"><i>A New History of Christianity in China</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 20–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-4284-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-4284-0"><bdi>978-1-4443-4284-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Christianity+in+China&rft.pages=20-&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-06-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-4284-0&rft.au=Daniel+H.+Bays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlgS-j2m_0TEC%26q%3Darmenian%2Bcatholics%2Byuan%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kim2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeup_Young_Kim2011" class="citation book cs1">Heup Young Kim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bh3F4cJLc-0C&q=armenian+catholics+yuan&pg=PA60"><i>Asian and Oceanic Christianities in Conversation: Exploring Theological Identities at Home and in Diaspora</i></a>. Rodopi. pp. 60–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-3299-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-3299-6"><bdi>978-90-420-3299-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+and+Oceanic+Christianities+in+Conversation%3A+Exploring+Theological+Identities+at+Home+and+in+Diaspora&rft.pages=60-&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-420-3299-6&rft.au=Heup+Young+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBh3F4cJLc-0C%26q%3Darmenian%2Bcatholics%2Byuan%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 356 & 362 Rouleau, Francis A.. 1954. “The Yangchow Latin Tombstone as a Landmark of Medieval Christianity in China”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 17 (3/4). Harvard-Yenching Institute: 346–65. doi:10.2307/2718316. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718316?&seq=11">https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718316?&seq=11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718316?&seq=17">https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718316?&seq=17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GardnerLieu2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GardnerLieu2005_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_GardnerSamuel_N._C._LieuKenneth_Parry2005" class="citation book cs1">Iain Gardner; Samuel N. C. Lieu; Kenneth Parry (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IWhmAAAAMAAJ&q=1326+alafa+franciscan"><i>From Palmyra to Zayton: Epigraphy and Iconography</i></a>. Brepols. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-51883-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-51883-1"><bdi>978-2-503-51883-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Palmyra+to+Zayton%3A+Epigraphy+and+Iconography&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-2-503-51883-1&rft.au=Iain+Gardner&rft.au=Samuel+N.+C.+Lieu&rft.au=Kenneth+Parry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIWhmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D1326%2Balafa%2Bfranciscan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke2013-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke2013_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Clarke2013" class="citation book cs1">Jeremy Clarke (1 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AX6aAAAAQBAJ&q=armenian+catholics+yuan&pg=PA17"><i>The Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 17–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-8139-99-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-988-8139-99-6"><bdi>978-988-8139-99-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virgin+Mary+and+Catholic+Identities+in+Chinese+History&rft.pages=17-&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.isbn=978-988-8139-99-6&rft.au=Jeremy+Clarke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAX6aAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Darmenian%2Bcatholics%2Byuan%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlatsky2015" class="citation book cs1">Berlatsky, Noah (2015-05-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XoFmDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Armenian Genocide</i></a>. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-7319-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7377-7319-4"><bdi>978-0-7377-7319-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Greenhaven+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft.isbn=978-0-7377-7319-4&rft.aulast=Berlatsky&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXoFmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gulbenkian.pt-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gulbenkian.pt_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gulbenkian.pt_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024225/http://www.gulbenkian.pt/inst/en/Activities/ArmenianCommunities?a=4845">"Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian"</a>. <i>gulbenkian.pt</i>. 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Sergoyan's Blog"</a>. <i>coffeetownpress.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coffeetownpress.com&rft.atitle=E.G.+Sergoyan%27s+Blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsergoyan.coffeetownpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mirrorspectator.com/2012/03/30/review-tales-of-the-two-percenters-depict-armenian-community-in-china/">"Review: Tales of the 'Two-Percenters' Depict Armenian Community in China"</a>. <i>The Armenian Mirror-Spectator</i>. 30 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Armenian+Mirror-Spectator&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Tales+of+the+%27Two-Percenters%27+Depict+Armenian+Community+in+China&rft.date=2012-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirrorspectator.com%2F2012%2F03%2F30%2Freview-tales-of-the-two-percenters-depict-armenian-community-in-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFinfotec" class="citation web cs1">infotec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510210020/http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/living/shanghai-armenian-society/">"Armenian Club of Shanghai"</a>. <i>cityweekend.com.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/living/shanghai-armenian-society/">the original</a> on 2015-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cityweekend.com.cn&rft.atitle=Armenian+Club+of+Shanghai&rft.au=infotec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityweekend.com.cn%2Fshanghai%2Fliving%2Fshanghai-armenian-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chater" title="Paul Chater">Paul Chater</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfUBu0lQ91c"><i>Opening of Jack & Julie Maxian Hong Kong Armenian Center</i></a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 29 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opening+of+Jack+%26+Julie+Maxian+Hong+Kong+Armenian+Center&rft.date=2013-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DqfUBu0lQ91c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinahay.com/visitors-to-hong-kong/">"ChinahayChinahay"</a>. <i>chinahay.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinahay.com&rft.atitle=ChinahayChinahay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinahay.com%2Fvisitors-to-hong-kong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414223507/http://www.azad-hye.net/news/viewnews.asp?newsId=285azkj10">"Azad-Hye Middle East Armenian Portal (In memory of Sir Catchick Paul Chater in Hong Kong)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azad-hye.net/news/viewnews.asp?newsId=285azkj10">the original</a> on 2015-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azad-Hye+Middle+East+Armenian+Portal+%28In+memory+of+Sir+Catchick+Paul+Chater+in+Hong+Kong%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azad-hye.net%2Fnews%2Fviewnews.asp%3FnewsId%3D285azkj10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJ1rmvUOPRo"><i>Unveiling of the Bust in Hong Kong - Sir Catchick Paul Chater September 2009 - Copy.mpg</i></a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 10 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unveiling+of+the+Bust+in+Hong+Kong+-+Sir+Catchick+Paul+Chater+September+2009+-+Copy.mpg&rft.date=2011-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXJ1rmvUOPRo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1811" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Claudius (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirofexpedien00buch_0"><i>Memoir of the Expediency of an Ecclesiastical Establishment for British India</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirofexpedien00buch_0/page/94">94</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoir+of+the+Expediency+of+an+Ecclesiastical+Establishment+for+British+India&rft.pages=94&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Claudius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoirofexpedien00buch_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413015211/http://www.chinahay.com/about/what-is-chinahay/">"ChinahayChinahay"</a>. <i>chinahay.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinahay.com/about/what-is-chinahay/">the original</a> on 2015-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinahay.com&rft.atitle=ChinahayChinahay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinahay.com%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-chinahay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinahay.com/about/articles-of-association/">"ChinahayChinahay"</a>. <i>chinahay.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinahay.com&rft.atitle=ChinahayChinahay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinahay.com%2Fabout%2Farticles-of-association%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinahay.com/message-from-the-president/">"ChinahayChinahay"</a>. <i>chinahay.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinahay.com&rft.atitle=ChinahayChinahay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinahay.com%2Fmessage-from-the-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/116212/armenian-community-center-opens-in-hong-kong/">"Armenian Community Center Opens in Hong Kong"</a>. <i>Asbarez News</i>. 14 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asbarez+News&rft.atitle=Armenian+Community+Center+Opens+in+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2F116212%2Farmenian-community-center-opens-in-hong-kong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHairenik2014" class="citation web cs1">Hairenik (15 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armenianweekly.com/2014/12/15/china/">"Armenians Celebrate Mass in China for First Time in Decades"</a>. <i>Armenian Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armenian+Weekly&rft.atitle=Armenians+Celebrate+Mass+in+China+for+First+Time+in+Decades&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.au=Hairenik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2F2014%2F12%2F15%2Fchina%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/130710/first-ever-pan-asian-armenian-community-gathering-takes-place-in-bangkok/">"First Ever Pan-Asian Armenian Community Gathering Takes Place in Bangkok"</a>. <i>Asbarez News</i>. 13 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asbarez+News&rft.atitle=First+Ever+Pan-Asian+Armenian+Community+Gathering+Takes+Place+in+Bangkok&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2F130710%2Ffirst-ever-pan-asian-armenian-community-gathering-takes-place-in-bangkok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_China&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lahusen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lahusen (page does not exist)">Thomas Lahusen</a>, <i>Harbin and Manchuria: Place, Space, and Identity</i>, November 15, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-6475-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-6475-1">0-8223-6475-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arra_Avakian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arra Avakian (page does not exist)">Arra Avakian</a>, <i>Armenia: A Journey Through History</i>, January 2, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-916919-20-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-916919-20-X">0-916919-20-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruben_Giney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruben Giney (page does not exist)">Ruben Giney</a>, <i>Andin. Historical studies on the Armenians in China</i>, July, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9939-51-897-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9939-51-897-8">978-9939-51-897-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_China" title="Template:Immigration to China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_China" title="Template talk:Immigration to China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigration to China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_people_in_China" title="Burmese people in China">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelis_in_China" title="Israelis in China">Israelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_China" title="Japanese people in China">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_Shanghai" title="Japanese community of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_community_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean community of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/80px-China-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/120px-China-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/160px-China-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">Africans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou" title="Africans in Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Africans in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_China" title="Americans in China">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_China" title="Australians in China">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">Britons</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" title="Britons in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians_in_China" title="Canadians in China">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_China" title="Nigerians in China">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_China" title="Poles in China">Poles</a></li> <li>Portuguese <small>(<a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macau</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Albazinians" title="Albazinians">Albazinians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Russians" title="Harbin Russians">Harbin</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Russians" title="Shanghai Russians">Shanghai</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_immigration_policy" title="Hong Kong immigration policy">Immigration to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Macau" title="Immigration to Macau">Immigration to Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">History of the Jews in China</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hong_Kong" title="History of the Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-occupied_developments_in_China" title="Under-occupied developments in China">Under-occupied developments in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_China" title="Illegal immigration to China">Illegal immigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>For immigrants and expatriates in Hong Kong, see: <a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kongers" title="Template:Hong Kongers">Hong Kong people</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armenian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armenian_diaspora" title="Template:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armenian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armenian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armenian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_population_by_country" title="Armenian population by country">Population by country</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Historical_Armenian_population" title="Historical Armenian population">historical</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_population_by_urban_area" title="Armenian population by urban area">Population by urban area</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_ethnic_enclaves" title="List of Armenian ethnic enclaves">Ethnic enclaves</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmenianDiaspora.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Armenian population by country."><img alt="Armenian population by country." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/400px-ArmenianDiaspora.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/600px-ArmenianDiaspora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/800px-ArmenianDiaspora.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic areas of <br /> Armenian settlement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Samtskhe%E2%80%93Javakheti" title="Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti">Javakhk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Nakhchivan" title="Armenians in Nakhchivan">Nakhichevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Turkey" title="Armenians in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Istanbul" title="Armenians in Istanbul">Bolis/Istanbul</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Armenians" title="Hidden Armenians">Hidden Armenians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Western_Armenia" title="Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Baku</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Abkhazia" title="Armenians in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Tbilisi" title="Armenians in Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Armenians in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lithuania" title="Armenians in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belarus" title="Armenians in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Central_Asia" title="Armenians in Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Moldova" title="Armenians in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Circassia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ukraine" title="Armenians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Crimea</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Argentine">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Brazilians" title="Armenian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Mexicans" title="Armenian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenian_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Armenians in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Watertown, MA">Boston</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Uruguayans" title="Armenian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Austria" title="Armenians in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belgium" title="Armenians in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bulgaria" title="Armenians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Armenians in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_France" title="Armenians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Germany" title="Armenians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Hungary" title="Armenians in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Italy" title="Armenians in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Malta" title="Armenians in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Armenians in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Armenians in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_of_Romania" title="Armenians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Serbia" title="Armenians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Spain" title="Armenians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Sweden" title="Armenians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Switzerland" title="Armenians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Armenians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Middle_East" title="Armenians in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Egypt" title="Armenians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Jordan" title="Armenians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Kuwait" title="Armenians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon" title="Armenians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Qatar" title="Armenians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Armenians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_India" title="Armenians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Indonesia" title="Armenians in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Surabaya" title="Armenians in Surabaya">Surabaya</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Myanmar" title="Armenians in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Pakistan" title="Armenians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Singapore" title="Armenians in Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ethiopia" title="Armenians in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Australians" title="Armenian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_New_Zealanders" 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