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<ul id="toc-Foundation_and_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Beliefs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Beliefs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Theology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiqh_(Islamic_jurisprudence)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiqh_(Islamic_jurisprudence)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiqh_(Islamic_jurisprudence)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hadith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sufism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sufism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sufism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sufism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scholarship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scholarship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scholarship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deobandi_fiqh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deobandi_fiqh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Deobandi fiqh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deobandi_fiqh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deobandi_jihadism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deobandi_jihadism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Deobandi jihadism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deobandi_jihadism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jamiat_Ulema-I-Hind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jamiat_Ulema-I-Hind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Jamiat Ulema-I-Hind</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jamiat_Ulema-I-Hind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tablighi_Jamaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tablighi_Jamaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Tablighi Jamaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tablighi_Jamaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Associated organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associated_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_militant_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_militant_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Associated militant organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associated_militant_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lashkar-e-Jhangvi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lashkar-e-Jhangvi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Lashkar-e-Jhangvi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lashkar-e-Jhangvi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taliban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.2</span> <span>Taliban</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.3</span> <span>Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sipah-e-Sahaba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sipah-e-Sahaba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.4</span> <span>Sipah-e-Sahaba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sipah-e-Sahaba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable members subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Deobandis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Deobandis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Contemporary Deobandis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Deobandis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_about_Deobandism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_about_Deobandism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Publications about Deobandism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_about_Deobandism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>General citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Deobandi movement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ديوبندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديوبندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diobendi" title="Diobendi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diobendi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دیوبندی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیوبندی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="দেওবন্দি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দেওবন্দি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D2%AF%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Диүбәндилек – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Диүбәндилек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandismus" title="Deobandismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Deobandismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandismo" title="Deobandismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Deobandismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دیوبندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوبندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%98%A4%EB%B0%98%EB%93%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="데오반드파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데오반드파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="देवबन्दी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="देवबन्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ദയൂബന്ദി പ്രസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദയൂബന്ദി പ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="देवबंदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="देवबंदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%B4%BE" title="デーオバンド派 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デーオバンド派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دیوبندی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیوبندی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%DA%A9" title="ديوبندي مسلک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ديوبندي مسلک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandyzm" title="Deobandyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Deobandyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi" title="Deobandi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Деобанди – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деобанди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deobandi movement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ديوبندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ديوبندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandism" title="Deobandism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deobandism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive 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style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div style="border:1;;height:182px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg/252px-Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg/378px-Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg/504px-Shah_Ahmad_Shafi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1849" data-file-height="1341" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taqi_Usmani" title="Taqi Usmani">Taqi Usmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi" title="Shah Ahmad Shafi">Shah Ahmad Shafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islamic_movements" title="Category:Sunni Islamic movements"><span style="color:blue">a series</span></a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deobandi movement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/250px-Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/375px-Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/500px-Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:white; background:#86575d;"> Ideology and influences</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dars-i_Nizami" title="Dars-i Nizami">Dars-i Nizami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi fiqh</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:white; background:#86575d;"> Founders and key figures</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_Saharanpuri" title="Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri">Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yaqub_Nanautawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi">Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi">Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Idris_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi">Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:white; background:#86575d;"> Notable institutions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Darul_uloom" title="Darul uloom">Darul ulooms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Deoband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazahir_Uloom,_Saharanpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur">Mazahir Uloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Nadwatul_Ulama" title="Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama">Nadwatul Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_Aminia_Islamia_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasa Aminia Islamia Arabia">Aminia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_Shahi" title="Madrasa Shahi">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Islamia_Talimuddin" title="Jamia Islamia Talimuddin">Dabhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jamiatul_Ahlia_Darul_Ulum_Moinul_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam">Hathazari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ashrafia" title="Jamia Ashrafia">Ashrafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Darul_Uloom,_Karachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamia Darul Uloom, Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Uloom-ul-Islamia" title="Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia">Banuri Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Bury" title="Darul Uloom Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasah_In%27aamiyyah" title="Madrasah In'aamiyyah">In'aamiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deobandi universities">List of Deobandi universities</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:white; background:#86575d;"> Centres (markaz) of Tablighi Jamaat</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taj-ul-Masajid" title="Taj-ul-Masajid">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markazi_Masjid,_Dewsbury" title="Markazi Masjid, Dewsbury">Dewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakrail_Mosque" title="Kakrail Mosque">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Nerul" title="Jama Masjid, Nerul">Nerul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Markaz_Mosque" title="Nizamuddin Markaz Mosque">Nizamuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiwind_Markaz" title="Raiwind Markaz">Raiwind</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:white; background:#86575d;"> Associated organizations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Personal_Law_Board" title="All India Muslim Personal Law Board">All India Muslim<br />Personal Law Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Qawmi_Madrasa_Education_Commission" title="Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasa Education Commission">Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasa<br />Education Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Fiqh_Academy,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Fiqh Academy, India">Islamic Fiqh Academy, India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;font-size:88%; line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamism" title="Category:Islamism">a series</a> on</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:230%;"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Fundamentals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamism" title="History of Islamism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_secularism" title="Islam and secularism">Secularism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">Salafism by country/region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deobandi movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Principlism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Principlism in Iran">Shia Islamism</a><br /></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy in Islam</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir">Takfir</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_governance" title="Islamic governance">Islamic governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_monarchy" title="Islamic monarchy">Islamic monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge" title="Islamization of knowledge">of knowledge</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">aspects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">Shura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Influences</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Scholastic</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawat-e-Islami" title="Dawat-e-Islami">Dawat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" title="Nur movement">Nurcu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism" class="mw-redirect" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism">International propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism_and_Wahhabism_by_region" title="International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism by region">by country/region</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Political</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafist_Call" title="Salafist Call">Salafist Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafist_Front" title="Salafist Front">Salafist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li></ul> <p><b>Militant</b> </p> <ul><li>Militant Islamism based in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East">MENA region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caliphate_or_the_Supreme_Imamate_(book)" title="The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate (book)">The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rashid_Rida" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rashid Rida">Rashīd Rīďha 1922</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam">Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal 1930s</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam">Principles of State and Government</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Asad 1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(book)" title="Milestones (book)"><i>Ma'alim fi al-Tariq</i> ("Milestones")</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb 1965</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government:_Governance_of_the_Jurist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist"><i>Islamic Government: <br />Governance of the Jurist</i> ("Velayat-e faqih")</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini 1970</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Heads of state</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia ul-Haq">Zia ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">House of Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key ideologues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_al-Masri" title="Abu Hamza al-Masri">Abu Hamza al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%C4%81l_al-D%C4%ABn_al-Afgh%C4%81n%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī">Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi" title="Rached Ghannouchi">Rached Ghannouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necip_Faz%C4%B1l_K%C4%B1sak%C3%BCrek" title="Necip Fazıl Kısakürek">Necip Fazıl Kısakürek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Nadwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Hasan Nadwi">Abul Hasan Nadwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani" title="Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani">Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Tariq Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Abu_Rashta" title="Ata Abu Rashta">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Turabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Al-Turabi">Hassan Al-Turabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Criticism of Islamism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism of Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberal and reform movements within Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_Europe" title="Liberal and progressive Islam in Europe">in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_progressive_Islam_in_North_America" title="Liberal and progressive Islam in North America">in North America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Abu_al-Fadl" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaled Abu al-Fadl">Khaled Abu al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farag_Foda" title="Farag Foda">Farag Foda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelwahab_Meddeb" title="Abdelwahab Meddeb">Abdelwahab Meddeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Namazie" title="Maryam Namazie">Maryam Namazie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maajid_Nawaaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Maajid Nawaaz">Maajid Nawaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Harris (author)">Sam Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Roy_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivier Roy (professor)">Olivier Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Tibi" title="Bassam Tibi">Bassam Tibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sa%27id_al-Ashmawi" title="Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi">Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Kepel" title="Gilles Kepel">Gilles Kepel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Maher" title="Shiraz Maher">Shiraz Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Ranstorp" title="Magnus Ranstorp">Magnus Ranstorp</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CEF2CE;;background:#E6FFE6;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_modernity" title="Islam and modernity">Islam and modernity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Islam and other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya"><i>Qisas al-Anbiya</i> ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_(circumcision)" title="Khitan (circumcision)">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_diaspora" title="Muslim diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession_and_exorcism_in_Islam" title="Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Proselytizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_and_Islam" title="LGBTQ people and Islam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concubinage_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubinage in Islam">Concubinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_hadith" title="Criticism of hadith">Hadith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war" title="Islam and war">war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam" title="Glossary of Islam">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islam" title="Category:Sunni Islam">a series</a> on</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/200px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/300px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/400px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah_(Islamic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqidah (Islamic theology)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets and Messengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Declaration of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rightly-Guided Caliphs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Sunni <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbali</a></li></ul> <p><span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Others</span></span> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awza%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Awza'i">Awza'i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thawri" class="mw-redirect" title="Thawri">Thawri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laythi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laythi">Laythi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jariri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jariri">Jariri</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Sunni schools of theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a>)</li></ul> <p><span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size:85%;">In terms of <a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a>:</span></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a> (Ahl <a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">al-Wijdan</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">al-Kashf</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches#Movements" title="Islamic schools and branches">Contemporary movements</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi_movement" title="Barelvi movement">Barelvi movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deobandi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_neo-traditionalism" title="Islamic neo-traditionalism">Neo-traditionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farahi">Farahi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holy sites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub al-Sittah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam#History" title="Sunni Islam">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Persecution</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sunni_Islam" title="Template:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sunni_Islam" title="Template talk:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sunni_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Deobandi movement</b> or <b>Deobandism</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">revivalist</a> movement within <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> that adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a> of law. It was formed in the late 19th century around the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom</a> <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">Madrassa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a>, India, from which the name derives, by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857–58</a>. They opposed the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslims living in South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the <i>Dars-i-Nizami</i> associated with the <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>-based <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a></i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a> with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist and secular ideas during <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial rule</a>. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing, <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a>, was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> through its participation in the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamist</a> <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement"><i>Khilafat</i> movement</a> and propagation of the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Composite_nationalism" title="Composite nationalism">composite nationalism</a>. </p><p>In terms of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurisprudence</a>, the Deobandis uphold the doctrine of <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">taqlid</a></i></span></i> (conformity to a <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">school of thought</a>) and adhere to the Hanafi school. Founders of the Deobandi school Nanautavi and Gangohi drew inspiration from the religious and political doctrines of the South Asian <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a>-oriented <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a> <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Ismail Dehlawi</a> (26 April, 1779 – 6 May, 1831).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early years, Deobandi scholars engaged in theological debates with <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> scholars; with the objective of defending Islamic faith, and to form a popular struggle to overthrow British colonialism. Deobandi theologians of Jamiat Ulema e-Hind, in particular, discussed multiculturalism and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposition to the partition of India</a>, with a strategic vision to safeguard the religious freedom of <a href="/wiki/Muslims_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims in India">Muslims in India</a>. </p><p>The movement has spread from India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh to the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islam in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and has a presence in <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">South Africa</a>. The Pakistani and Afghan branches and the original Indian seminaries have far less contact since the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, for political reasons related to the India–Pakistan border. Followers of the Deobandi movement are extremely diverse; some advocate for non-violence and others are <a href="/wiki/Militant_Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant Islamism">militant</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundation_and_expansion">Foundation and expansion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Foundation and expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonialism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">India</a><sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was seen by a group of Indian scholars—consisting of <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yaqub_Nanautawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi">Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi</a>, Shah Rafi al-Din, <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a>, Zulfiqar Ali, <a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Fazlur Rahman Usmani">Fazlur Rahman Usmani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanotvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi">Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi</a>—to be corrupting Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group founded an Islamic seminary (<i><a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">madrassa</a></i>) known as <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawad_Syed_et_al.-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Urban_Terrorism_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urban_Terrorism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> here the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revivalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialist</a> ideology of the Deobandis began to develop. In time, the Darul Uloom Deoband became the second largest focal point of Islamic teaching and research after the <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. Towards the time of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> and afterward in post-colonial India, the Deobandis advocated a notion of <a href="/wiki/Composite_nationalism" title="Composite nationalism">composite nationalism</a> by which Hindus and Muslims were seen as one nation who were asked to be <a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Muslim_unity" title="Hindu–Muslim unity">united in the struggle</a> against the British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, a large group of Deobandi scholars formed the political party <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposed the partition of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2011_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deobandi scholar <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Syed_Husain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Madani">Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Madani</a> helped to spread these ideas through his text <i><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumiyat_Aur_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam">Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2011_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group later dissented from this position and joined <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>'s <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi Deobandi</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the organisations such as Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind and <a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2011_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Deobandi movement began to spread.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graduates of Darul Uloom Deoband in India from countries such as South Africa, China, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> opened thousands of <i>madaaris</i> throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Abbas2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abbas2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Deobandi movement in India is managed and spread by Darul Uloom Deoband<sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawad_Syed_et_al.-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Urban_Terrorism_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urban_Terrorism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2011_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamism in Pakistan">Islamism in Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></div> <p>Of Pakistan's estimated 230 million Muslims, some 15-30% or 40-80 million <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Muslims">Pakistani Muslims</a> consider themselves Deobandi, forming majority in <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a>. It is the most followed Movement among <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Balochs</a><sup id="cite_ref-RohanBedi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RohanBedi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Heritage Online, nearly 65% of the total seminaries (<a href="/wiki/Madrasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a>) in Pakistan are run by Deobandis, whereas 25% are run by <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvis</a>, 6% by <a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> and 3% by various <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> organizations. The Deobandi movement in Pakistan was a major recipient of funding from Saudi Arabia from the early 1980s up until the early 2000s, where after this funding was diverted to the rival Ahl-i Hadith movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Sushant_Sareen_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushant_Sareen-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having seen Deoband as a counterbalance to Iranian influence in the region, Saudi funding is now strictly reserved for the Ahl-i Hadith.<sup id="cite_ref-Sushant_Sareen_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushant_Sareen-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deobandi-affiliated groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">TTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sipah-e-Sahaba_Pakistan" title="Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan">SSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Let</a>, etc. have a militant character<sup id="cite_ref-deobandi1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deobandi1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">attacked and destroyed Sufi sites</a> holy to Sunni Muslims of the Barelvi movement, such as <a href="/wiki/Data_Darbar" title="Data Darbar">Data Darbar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Shah_Ghazi" title="Abdullah Shah Ghazi">Abdullah Shah Ghazi</a>'s tomb in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, Khal Magasi in Balochistan, and <a href="/wiki/Rahman_Baba" title="Rahman Baba">Rahman Baba</a>'s tomb in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-deobandi1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deobandi1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deobandi Islam is the most popular movement in the Pashtun belt on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a> that separates <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sushant_Sareen_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushant_Sareen-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, prominent <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> and Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> leaders have studied in Deobandi seminaries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement_in_South_Africa" title="Deobandi movement in South Africa">Deobandi movement in South Africa</a></div> <p>The Deobandi Movement has an international presence today, with its full-fledged manifestation in South Africa, a country where the movement was initiated through the Indian <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> merchant class.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Islamic education system of the Deobandi movement, as well as the necessary components of social and political organizations such as the Tablighi Jamat and <a href="/wiki/Jamiatul_Ulama_South_Africa" title="Jamiatul Ulama South Africa">Jamiatul Ulama South Africa</a> are fully functioning effectively in South Africa, as they do in India. Madrasas in South Africa provide Islamic higher education and are now centers for Islamic education for foreigners who are interested in receiving a Deobandi-style education. Many of their graduates, especially from Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, are Western students. Some of South African madrasas are recognized globally, providing <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> services. South Africa is now known for producing exceptional Islamic literature through translation and compilation. Similarly, the Tabligh Jamaat is a hub in South Africa that spreads throughout South and East Africa. Graduates of South African madrassas spend their time in service of the Tablighi Jamaat, among them are <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masihullah_Khan" title="Masihullah Khan">Masihullah Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Hasan_Gangohi" title="Mahmood Hasan Gangohi">Mahmood Hasan Gangohi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawad_Syed_et_al.-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Asad_Madni" class="mw-redirect" title="Asad Madni">Asad Madni</a>. South African Deobandi Muslims have many important and influential educational and socio-political organizations that educate the people and play an important role in religious and social activities. Among them are <a href="/wiki/Jamiatul_Ulama_South_Africa" title="Jamiatul Ulama South Africa">Jamiatul Ulama South Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Judicial_Council" title="Muslim Judicial Council">Muslim Judicial Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement_in_Iran" title="Deobandi movement in Iran">Deobandi movement in Iran</a></div> <p>Students from various regions, including <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">Sistan and Baluchestan</a> in Iran, attended Deoband, which led to the spread of its founders ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This movement had a significant impact on some of the new generation of Iranian intellectuals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After entering Iran, the students of this school continued to expand this thinking and with the formation of missionary groups. These thoughts have been strengthened on one hand due to the cultural relationships between the <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch tribes</a> and on the other hand due to the connection of Sistan and Baluchestan's Iran and India's Hanafi religious leaders in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurani201322_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurani201322-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Deobandi thinking is one of the intellectual currents in Sistan and Baluchestan and preaching groups are active in different cities and villages. Its playing a crucial role in Iran's political landscape. The Deobandis aimed to homogenize religious schools and were opposed to certain popular practices. The <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> order played an important role for the Deobandi movement in the Persian-speaking world.<sup id="cite_ref-:dawn_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:dawn-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islamism in the United Kingdom">Islamism in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>In the 1970s, Deobandis opened the first British-based Muslim religious seminaries (Darul-Ulooms), educating imams and religious scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Who_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deobandis "have been quietly meeting the religious and spiritual needs of a significant proportion of British Muslims, and are perhaps the most influential British Muslim group."<sup id="cite_ref-Who_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 <a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a> highlighted the Deobandi seminary in <a href="/wiki/Holcombe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Holcombe, Greater Manchester">Holcombe</a> as a good example of a school "promoting British values, preventing radicalisation and protecting children".<sup id="cite_ref-Ofsted201415_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ofsted201415-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journalist, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Norfolk" title="Andrew Norfolk">Andrew Norfolk</a>, did not agree with this assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-AndrewNorfolk19April2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndrewNorfolk19April2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2007 report by Andrew Norfolk, published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, about 600 of Britain's nearly 1,500 mosques were under the control of "a hardline sect", whose leading preacher loathed Western values, called on Muslims to "shed blood" for Allah and preached contempt for Jews, Christians and Hindus. The same investigative report further said that 17 of the country's 26 Islamic seminaries follow the ultra-conservative Deobandi teachings which <i>The Times</i> said had given birth to the Taliban. According to <i>The Times</i>, almost 80% of all domestically trained <a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">Ulema</a> were being trained in these hardline seminaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardline_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardline-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An opinion column in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> described this report as "a toxic mixture of fact, exaggeration and outright nonsense".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014 it was reported that 45 per cent of Britain's mosques and nearly all the UK-based training of Islamic scholars are controlled by the Deobandis, the largest single Islamic group.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Deobandi movement sees itself as a scholastic tradition that grew out of the Islamic scholastic traditions of the pre-colonial <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, and it considers its visionary forefather to be <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Ismail Dehlawi</a> (26 April, 1779 – 6 May, 1831).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GoogleBooks_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleBooks-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dehlawi was a contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a>, and they studied in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> under some of the same teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a> said: "The Deobandi movement is neither a creed (Aqidah) nor a denomination (Tayifa) – terms by which its antagonists try to incite the masses against it – but it is a comprehensive picture and a complete edition of the tack of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah in which all the offshoots of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah are seen joined with their root."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology">Theology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maturidi" title="Category:Maturidi">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg/260px-Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg/390px-Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg/520px-Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2074" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Imam al-Maturidi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_Fiqh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi Fiqh">Hanafi Fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maturidis" title="List of Maturidis">Eminent scholars</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333/944)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 373/983)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493/1100)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508/1114)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. 522/1128)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534/1139)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537/1142)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 569/1173)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580/1184)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593/1197)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690/1291)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710/1310)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747/1346)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786/1384)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841/1437)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d.855/1451)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861/1455)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863/1459)<br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qushji" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Qushji">Ali al-Qushji</a> (d.879/1474)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Kemal Pasha">Ibn Kemal Pasha</a> (d. 940/1534)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982/1574)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_%27Ali_al-Qari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulla 'Ali al-Qari">Mulla 'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014/1606)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi Pruščak</a> (d. 1025/1616)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Sirhindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Sirhindi">Ahmad al-Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034/1624)<br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">Abdul Hakim Sialkoti</a> (d. 1067/1657)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. ca. 1067/1657)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. ca. 1122/1710)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Haqqi_al-Burusawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il Haqqi al-Burusawi">Isma'il Haqqi al-Burusawi</a> (d. 1137/1725)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1144/1731)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161/1748)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Chih/Liu Zhi</a> (d. ca. 1177/1764)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205/1791)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz_Dehlavi" title="Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi">Shah 'Abdul 'Aziz Dehlawi</a> (d. 1239/1824)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252/1836)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257/1841)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fadl al-Haqq al-Khayrabadi</a> (d. 1278/1861)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291/1874)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ghani_al-Maydani" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298/1880)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304/1887)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297/1880)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanawtawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi</a> (d. 1317/1899)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323/1905)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1339/1921)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_al-Saharanpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346/1927)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352/1933)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361/1942)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_%27Ali_al-Thanawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf 'Ali al-Thanawi">Ashraf 'Ali al-Thanawi</a> (d. 1362/1943)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1364/1944)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Aazmi" title="Amjad Ali Aazmi">Amjad Ali Aazmi</a> (d. 1948)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem-ud-Deen_Muradabadi" title="Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi">Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi</a> (d. 1948)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_%27Uthmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabbir Ahmad 'Uthmani">Shabbir Ahmad 'Uthmani</a> (d.1369/1949)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371/1951)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1374/1954)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Husayn Ahmad Madani">Husayn Ahmad Madani</a> (d. 1377/1957)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ahmad_Chishti" title="Sardar Ahmad Chishti">Sardar Ahmad Chishti</a> (d. 1962)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1384/1965)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a> (d. 1970)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Idris_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Idris al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Idris al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1394/1974)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_%27Uthmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zafar Ahmad 'Uthmani">Zafar Ahmad 'Uthmani</a> (d. 1394/1974)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Ansari" title="Fazlur Rahman Ansari">Fazlur Rahman Ansari</a> (d. 1974)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Banuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yusuf Banuri">Muhammad Yusuf Banuri</a> (d. 1397/1977)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raza_Khan" title="Hamid Raza Khan">Hamid Raza Khan</a> (d. 1970)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a> (d. 1970)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Raza_Khan_Qadri" title="Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri">Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri</a> (d. 1981)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402/1982)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qari_Muhammad_Tayyib" class="mw-redirect" title="Qari Muhammad Tayyib">Qari Muhammad Tayyib</a> (d. 1403/1983)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Ahmad Saeed Kazmi">Ahmad Saeed Kazmi</a> (d. 1986)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-A%27zami" title="Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami">Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami</a> (d. 1412/1992)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Waqaruddin_Qadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Waqaruddin Qadri">Muhammad Waqaruddin Qadri</a> (d. 1993)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shujaat_Ali_Qadri" title="Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri">Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri</a> (d. 1993)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbi_Sulayman_Ghawji" title="Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji">Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji</a> (d. 1434/2013)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Raza_Khan" title="Akhtar Raza Khan">Akhtar Raza Khan</a> (d. 2018)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443/2021)<br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maturidi_literature" title="Category:Maturidi literature">Theological works</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqida_al-Tahawiyya" title="Al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">Al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Institutions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Maturidi_International_Scientific_Research_Center" title="Imam Maturidi International Scientific Research Center">Imam Maturidi Research Centre</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Nadwatul_Ulama" title="Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama">Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Nizamia" title="Jamia Nizamia">Jamia Nizamia</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jamiatul_Ashrafia" title="Al Jamiatul Ashrafia">Al Jamiatul Ashrafia</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiatur_Raza" title="Jamiatur Raza">Jamiatur Raza</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Naeemia_Lahore" title="Jamia Naeemia Lahore">Jamia Naeemia Lahore</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Events</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 International Islamic Conference</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islamic_branches" title="Category:Sunni Islamic branches">Related groups</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <dl><dt>Classic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'aris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Modern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandis">Deobandis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelwis" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelwis">Barelwis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Maturidi" title="Category:Maturidi">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidism" title="Template:Maturidism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Maturidism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Maturidism (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In tenets of faith, the Deobandis follow the <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spevack_2014_49_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spevack_2014_49-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deoband.org_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deoband.org-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their schools teach a short text on beliefs known as <i><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya</a></i> by the Hanafi-Maturidi scholar <a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Nasafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruinessen,_Stefano_Allievi_p_100_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruinessen,_Stefano_Allievi_p_100-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official Deobandi book, <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_%27ala_al-Mufannad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad">al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad</a></i> (The Sword on the Disproved), also known as: <i>al-Tasdiqat li-Daf' al-Talbisat</i> (Endorsements Repelling Deceits), is a work that summarizes the beliefs generally held by the Deobandis. It was authored by <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_al-Saharanpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346/1927) in order to defend and remit the Deobandis from the charge of <a href="/wiki/Kufr" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufr">kufr</a> (unbelief or blasphemy) levied against them by their opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Brannon D. Ingram, Deobandis differ from Barelvis on three theological positions.<sup id="cite_ref-kizb3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gangohi stated that God has the ability to lie.<sup id="cite_ref-rag2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rag2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This doctrine is called <i>Imkan-i Kizb</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-kizb3_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rag2_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rag2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this doctrine, because God is omnipotent, God is capable of lying.<sup id="cite_ref-kizb3_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gangohi also supported the doctrine that God has the ability to make additional prophets after Muhammad (<i>Imkan-i Nazir</i>) and other prophets equal to Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-kizb3_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rag2_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rag2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gangohi clarifies that although God has the ability to make prophets on "par" with Muhammad, he "would never do so".<sup id="cite_ref-kizb3_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiqh_(Islamic_jurisprudence)"><span id="Fiqh_.28Islamic_jurisprudence.29"></span>Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi_fiqh" title="Deobandi fiqh">Deobandi fiqh</a></div> <p>Deobandis are strong proponents of the doctrine of <i><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ingram_2018_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram_2018-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, they believe that a Deobandi must adhere to one of the four schools (<a href="/wiki/Madhhabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhhabs">madhhabs</a>) of Sunni Islamic Law and discourage inter-school eclecticism.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They themselves claim to be the followers of the Hanafi school.<sup id="cite_ref-Spevack_2014_49_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spevack_2014_49-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students at madrasas affiliated with the Deobandi movement study the classic books of Hanafi Law such as <i>Nur al-Idah</i>, <i>Mukhtasar al-Quduri</i>, <i>Sharh al-Wiqayah</i>, and <i>Kanz al-Daqa’iq</i>, culminating their study of the madhhab with the <i>Hidayah</i> of <i>al-Marghinani</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With regard to views on <i>Taqlid</i>, one of their main opposing reformist groups are the <a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i-Hadith</a>, also known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ghair_Muqallid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghair Muqallid">Ghair Muqallid</a></i>, the nonconformists, because they eschewed <i>taqlid</i> in favor of the direct use of Quran and Hadith.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They often accuse those who adhere to the rulings of one scholar or legal school of blind imitation<i>,</i> and frequently demand scriptural evidence for every argument and legal ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost since the very beginnings of the movement, Deobandi scholars have generated a copious amount of scholarly output in an attempt to defend their adherence to a <i>madhhab</i> in general. In particular, Deobandis have penned much literature in defense of their argument that the Hanafi madhhab is in complete accordance with the <i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadith">Hadith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hadith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">Hadith studies</a></div> <p>In response to this need to defend their <i><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">madhhab</a></i> in the light of scripture, Deobandis became particularly distinguished for their unprecedented salience to the study of <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i> in their madrasas. Their <i><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasa</a></i> curriculum incorporates a feature unique among the global arena of Islamic scholarship, the <i>Daura-e Hadis</i>, the capstone year of a student's advanced madrasa training, in which all six canonical collections of the Sunni Hadith (the <a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah"><i>Sihah Sittah</i></a>) are reviewed.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a Deobandi madrasa, the position of <i>Shaykh al-Hadith</i>, or the resident professor of <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a>, is held in much reverence. Their views were widely shared by a broad range of <a href="/wiki/Islah" title="Islah">Islamic reform</a> movements of the colonial period.<sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sufism">Sufism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sufism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Persecution of Sufis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufi%E2%80%93Salafi_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi–Salafi relations">Sufi–Salafi relations</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_al-Saharanpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri</a> outlined the creedal beliefs of Deobandis in his <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_ala_al-Mufannad" title="Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad">Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad</a></i> where he stated that </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa ); color: var( --color-base, black ); border: 1px solid #aaa; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">Our way is following the greatest Imam, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_al-Nu%27man" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man">Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man</a> – Allah Exalted is He be pleased with him – in the peripherals; and followers of the noble Imam <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> and the noble Imam <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (Allah be pleased with them) in creed and the fundamentals; and that we are adherents to the following Sufi ways: the most distinguished way of the <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> masters, the most pure way of the <a href="/wiki/Chishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Chishti">Chishti</a> masters, the most glorious way of the <a href="/wiki/Qadiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadiri">Qadiri</a> masters, and the most radiant way of the <a href="/wiki/Suhrawardi" class="mw-disambig" title="Suhrawardi">Suhrawardi</a> masters (Allah be pleased with them all). — Al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad (Questions One and Two)</div></blockquote> <p>However, Deobandis are strictly opposed to <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">celebrating the birthday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, the celebration of <i><a href="/wiki/Urs" title="Urs">Urs</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram"><i>Mourning of Ashura</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i><sup id="cite_ref-:6_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-db_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sas_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sas-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> Deobandis also reject the building of structures over graves, <a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">visitation to the shrines</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints in Islam">Sufi saints</a>, as well as the practice of loud <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a> -</i> seeing them as too "<a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">innovative</a>" in nature<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:5_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-db_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sas_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sas-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deobandis oppose various forms of Tawassul and Istighatha,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which they label as <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Kufr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirk_(Islam)" title="Shirk (Islam)">Shirk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deoband's curriculum combined the study of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Islamic holy scriptures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">law</a>) with rational subjects (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic logic">logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">science</a>). At the same time it was hugely Sufi in orientation and affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Chishti_Order" title="Chishti Order">Chishti order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Taqi_Usmani" title="Taqi Usmani">Taqi Usmani</a> - the most famous Deobandi scholar was trained in the Chishti order as were the four founders of the Deoband madrassa. <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Ashraf_Usmani" title="Mahmood Ashraf Usmani">Mahmood Ashraf Usmani</a>, the former head of Darul Ulum Karachi, defended the concept of <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Pledge_of_the_Tree" title="Pledge of the Tree">Pledge of the Tree</a> incident.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband and was widely considered a preeminent Sufi of modern India.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founders of the Deobandi school, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>, were inspired by the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawad_Syed_et_al.-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amongst other sources of inspiration. Gangohi studied under the Sufi shaykh <a href="/wiki/Haji_Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" class="mw-redirect" title="Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a>, although he differed with his views in many ways.<sup id="cite_ref-BrannonIngram479_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrannonIngram479-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Gangohi's <i>Fatawa-yi Rashidiyya</i> opposed traditional Sufi practices such as loud <i>dhikr</i>, visiting the tombs of Sufi saints, celebrating <i>Urs</i>, visualizing or contemplating on a Sufi master (<i>tasawwur-e-shaykh</i>), reciting the <i><a href="/wiki/Fatihah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatihah">Fatihah</a></i> on special occasions, and engaging in <i>Sema</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-db_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gangohi opposed the <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> doctrine that Muhammad has knowledge of the unseen (<i>ilm e ghaib</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-rag_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rag-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kizb_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This belief of the Deobandis conflicts with traditional <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> views of Muhammad having unparalleled and unequal knowledge that encompasses the unseen realm.<sup id="cite_ref-rag_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rag-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kizb_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gangohi also issued multiple fatwas against the <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a> and stated it is an innovation (<i>bidah</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-kizb2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opposed the practice of standing up in honour of Muhammad during Mawlid.<sup id="cite_ref-kizb2_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kizb2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi</a>, noted hadith scholar and Sufi Shaykh of Deobandis, says that, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The reality of "tasawwuf" is merely correction of intention. It begins with "actions are only according to intentions" and ends with "that you worship Him (<a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>) as if you see Him."<sup id="cite_ref-aamir_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aamir-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarship">Scholarship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deobandi_fiqh">Deobandi fiqh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Deobandi fiqh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi_fiqh" title="Deobandi fiqh">Deobandi fiqh</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red Cover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg/142px-Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg/213px-Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg/284px-Fatawa_Rasheediya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2228" data-file-height="3343" /></a></span></div><div><i><a href="/wiki/Fatawa-e-Rashidiya" title="Fatawa-e-Rashidiya">Fatawa-e-Rashidiya</a></i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red cover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/142px-Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/213px-Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/284px-Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="3427" /></a></span></div><div><i><a href="/wiki/Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband">Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_fiqh" title="Deobandi fiqh">Deobandi fiqh</a>, originating from the Hanafi school of Islamic law, is a distinctive school of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence</a> that highly values the strict adherence to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, also known as <a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:MKM_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:MKM-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deobandi scholars view Taqlid as a crucial means of ensuring the proper interpretation and application of Islamic law, especially for individuals without the necessary knowledge and expertise to engage in <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a>. However, Ijtihad is also recognized as necessary for the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>, but it should be approached with caution and respect for Islamic scholarship traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMas’ūd196925_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMas’ūd196925-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darul Uloom Deoband established the first Department of Fatwa, or Darul Ifta, in 1892, followed by other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_madrasas" title="List of Deobandi madrasas">Deobandi madrasas</a> and organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Fiqh_Academy_(India)" title="Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)">Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)</a>, which constitute the bedrock for the development of the Deobandi fiqh.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> is considered the founder of Deobandi fiqh, with <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aziz-ul-Rahman_Usmani" title="Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani">Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani</a> regarded as key figures.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest text of Deobandi fiqh is <i><a href="/wiki/Fatawa-e-Rashidiya" title="Fatawa-e-Rashidiya">Fatawa-e-Rashidiya</a></i>, with other important texts including <i><a href="/wiki/Imdad-ul-Fatawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Imdad-ul-Fatawa">Imdad-ul-Fatawa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband">Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUllah2018104,_152_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUllah2018104,_152-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deobandi fiqh plays a vital role in <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Afghanistan" title="Judiciary of Afghanistan">Afghanistan's judiciary</a> system,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Taqi_Usmani" title="Taqi Usmani">Taqi Usmani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Saifullah_Rahmani" title="Khalid Saifullah Rahmani">Khalid Saifullah Rahmani</a> recognized as prominent contemporary <a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">faqihs</a> of the Deobandi school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUllah2018166,_169_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUllah2018166,_169-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital initiatives such as <a href="/wiki/Darulifta-Deoband.com" title="Darulifta-Deoband.com">Darulifta-Deoband.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/Askimam" title="Askimam">Askimam</a> demonstrate the digitization of Deobandi fiqh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUllah2018105–106_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUllah2018105–106-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> in Deobandi fiqh is the <i><a href="/wiki/Fatwa_of_Peace_for_Humanity" title="Fatwa of Peace for Humanity">Fatwa of Peace for Humanity</a></i>, issued by <a href="/wiki/Farid_Uddin_Masood" title="Farid Uddin Masood">Farid Uddin Masood</a> in 2016, endorsed by over 100,000 Islamic scholars from Bangladesh, declaring terrorism as <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a> or forbidden, based on Islamic scripture and tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi_politics" title="Deobandi politics">Deobandi politics</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deobandi_jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Deobandi jihadism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sami-ul-Haq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sami-ul-Haq.jpg/137px-Sami-ul-Haq.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sami-ul-Haq.jpg/206px-Sami-ul-Haq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sami-ul-Haq.jpg/274px-Sami-ul-Haq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="981" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sami-ul-Haq" title="Sami-ul-Haq">Sami-ul-Haq</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:205px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg/137px-Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg/206px-Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg/274px-Taliban-Torkham-2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2506" data-file-height="3777" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">A Taliban member in 2001</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a> pertains to a <a href="/wiki/Militant" title="Militant">militant</a> interpretation of Islam that draws upon the teachings of the Deobandi movement. The Deobandi movement underwent three waves of armed conflict. The first wave resulted in the establishment of an Islamic territory centered on <a href="/wiki/Thana_Bhawan" title="Thana Bhawan">Thana Bhawan</a> by the movement's elders during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Urban_Terrorism_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urban_Terrorism-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ingram_2009_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram_2009-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prior to the founding of Darul Uloom Deoband.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> served as the <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a> of this Islamic territory, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_justice" title="Chief justice">Chief justice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuhammad_Yahya1998156_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuhammad_Yahya1998156-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following the British victory over the Deobandi forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shamli" title="Battle of Shamli">Battle of Shamli</a>, the territory fell. After the establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> initiated the second wave. He attempted to mobilize an armed resistance against the British through various initiatives, including the formation of the Samratut Tarbiat. When the British uncovered his <a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a>, they arrested him and held him captive in Malta. Following his release, he and his followers entered mainstream politics and actively participated in the democratic process. In the late 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Pakistan–Afghan border</a> became the epicenter of the Deobandi jihadist movement's third wave, which was fueled by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the auspices of President <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>, its expansion occurred through various madrasas, such as <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Haqqania" title="Darul Uloom Haqqania">Darul Uloom Haqqania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Uloom-ul-Islamia" title="Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia">Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia</a>, with political support provided by <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_(S)" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S)">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S)</a>. Trained militants from the Pakistan–Afghan border participated in the Afghan jihad and later formed various organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>. The most prominent example of Deobandi jihadism is the Taliban, who established <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic rule</a> in Afghanistan. <a href="/wiki/Sami-ul-Haq" title="Sami-ul-Haq">Sami-ul-Haq</a>, the head of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S), is regarded as the "father of the Taliban." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_organisations" title="List of Deobandi organisations">List of Deobandi organisations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamiat_Ulema-I-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-I-Hind</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jamiat Ulema-I-Hind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulama-e-Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind</a></div> <p>Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind is one of the leading Deobandi organizations in India. It was founded in British India in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Dehlavi" title="Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi">Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Amritsari" title="Sanaullah Amritsari">Sanaullah Amritsari</a> and several other scholars including <a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> who was elected its first interim president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWasif_Dehlavi197045_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasif_Dehlavi197045-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jamiat has propounded a theological basis for its nationalistic philosophy. Their thesis is that Muslims and non-Muslims have entered upon a mutual contract in India since independence, to establish a secular state.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution of India represents this contract.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</a> (JUI) is a Deobandi organization, part of the Deobandi movement.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <b>JUI</b> formed when members broke from the <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a> in 1945 after that organization backed the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> against the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>'s lobby for a separate Pakistan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The first president of the JUI was <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam">Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam">Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl">مجلس احرارلأسلام</span>), also known in short as <b>Ahrar</b>, was a conservative Deobandi political party in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> (prior to the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">independence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>) founded 29 December 1929 at <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Afzal_Haq" title="Chaudhry Afzal Haq">Chaudhry Afzal Haq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ata_Ullah_Shah_Bukhari" title="Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari">Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habib-ur-Rehman_Ludhianvi" title="Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi">Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Ali_Azhar" title="Mazhar Ali Azhar">Mazhar Ali Azhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ali_Khan" title="Zafar Ali Khan">Zafar Ali Khan</a> and Dawood Ghaznavi were the founders of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ahrar was composed of Indian Muslims disillusioned by the <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Barbhuiya2020_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barbhuiya2020-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McDermottGordonEmbreeDalton2014_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDermottGordonEmbreeDalton2014-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ali2011_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which cleaved closer to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jaf_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaf-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The party was associated with opposition to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> and against establishment of an independent <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> as well as criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">independence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in 1947, Majlis-e-Ahrar divided in two parts. Now, Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam is working for the sake of Muhammad<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (February 2014)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup>, nifaaz <b>Hakomat-e-illahiyya</b> and Khidmat-e-Khalq. In Pakistan, Ahrar secretariat is in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> and in India it is based in <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tablighi_Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tablighi Jamaat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a>, a non-political Deobandi missionary organisation, began as an offshoot of the Deobandi movement.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its inception is believed to be a response to Hindu reform movements, which were considered a threat to vulnerable and non-practising Deobandi Muslims. It gradually expanded from a local to a national organisation, and finally to a transnational movement with followers in over 200 countries. Although its beginnings were from the Deobandi movement, it has now established an independent identity though it still maintains close ties with Deobandi ulema in many countries with large South Asian Muslim populations such as the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associated_organizations">Associated organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Associated organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiatul_Ulama_South_Africa" title="Jamiatul Ulama South Africa">Jamiatul Ulama South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamiat_Ulama-e-Britain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamiat Ulama-e-Britain (page does not exist)">Jamiat Ulama-e-Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jami%27yyatul_Ulama_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jami'yyatul Ulama Canada (page does not exist)">Jami'yyatul Ulama Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamiat-Ul-Ulama_of_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamiat-Ul-Ulama of Mauritius (page does not exist)">Jamiat-Ul-Ulama of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlisul_Ulama_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlisul Ulama Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Majlisul Ulama Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamiat_Ulama-Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamiat Ulama-Nepal (page does not exist)">Jamiat Ulama-Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam">Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipah-e-Sahaba_Pakistan" title="Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan">Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Andolan Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Union_Party" title="Muslim Union Party">Muslim Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Jamiyyathul_Ulama" title="All Ceylon Jamiyyathul Ulama">All Ceylon Jamiyyathul Ulama</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associated_militant_organizations">Associated militant organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Associated militant organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lashkar-e-Jhangvi">Lashkar-e-Jhangvi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lashkar-e-Jhangvi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Jhangvi" title="Lashkar-e-Jhangvi">Lashkar-e-Jhangvi</a> (LJ) (Army of <a href="/wiki/Haq_Nawaz_Jhangvi" title="Haq Nawaz Jhangvi">Jhangvi</a>) was a Deobandi militant organization.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formed in 1996, it operated in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> as an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/Sipah-e-Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipah-e-Sahaba">Sipah-e-Sahaba</a> (SSP). <a href="/wiki/Riaz_Basra" title="Riaz Basra">Riaz Basra</a> broke away from the SSP over differences with his seniors.<sup id="cite_ref-roul20050602_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roul20050602-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group, now practically defunct since the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Operation_Zarb-e-Azab" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Zarb-e-Azab">Operation Zarb-e-Azab</a>, is considered a <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">terrorist group</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc20030130_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc20030130-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was involved in attacks on civilians and protectors of them.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group has been labelled by intelligence officials in Pakistan as a major security threat.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taliban">Taliban</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Taliban"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> ("students"), alternative spelling Taleban,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalist</a> political and <a href="/wiki/Militant" title="Militant">militant</a> movement in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. It spread into Afghanistan and formed a government, ruling as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> from September 1996 until December 2001, with <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> as the capital. While in power, it enforced its strict interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abrams_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abrams-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many leading Muslims and Islamic scholars have been highly critical of the Taliban's interpretations of Islamic law,<sup id="cite_ref-Skain_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skain-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Darul Uloom Deoband has consistently supported the Taliban in Afghanistan, including their 2001 destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Abbas2011_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abbas2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the majority of the Taliban's leaders were influenced by Deobandi fundamentalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Maley2_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maley2-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali</a>, the Pashtun tribal code, also played a significant role in the Taliban's legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaffer_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taliban were condemned internationally for their brutal <a href="/wiki/Taliban_treatment_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Taliban treatment of women">treatment of women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</a> (the TTP), alternatively referred to as the Pakistani Taliban, is an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a> of various <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> militant groups based in the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Areas</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Afghan border</a> in Pakistan. In December 2007 about 13 groups united under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Baitullah_Mehsud" title="Baitullah Mehsud">Baitullah Mehsud</a> to form the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bajoria_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bajoria-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abbash_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abbash-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan's stated objectives are resistance against the Pakistani state, enforcement of their interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> and a plan to unite against <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-led forces in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bajoria_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bajoria-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abbash_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abbash-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gall2009327_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gall2009327-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The TTP is not directly affiliated with the Afghan Taliban movement led by <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a>, with both groups differing greatly in their histories, strategic goals and interests although they both share a primarily Deobandi interpretation of Islam and are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gall2009327_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gall2009327-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scott_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sipah-e-Sahaba">Sipah-e-Sahaba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sipah-e-Sahaba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sipah-e-Sahaba_Pakistan" title="Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan">Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan</a> (SSP) is a banned Pakistani militant organization, and a formerly registered Pakistani political party. Established in the early 1980s in <a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a> by the militant leader <a href="/wiki/Haq_Nawaz_Jhangvi" title="Haq Nawaz Jhangvi">Haq Nawaz Jhangvi</a>, its stated goal is primarily to deter major <a href="/wiki/Shiite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiite">Shiite</a> influence in Pakistan in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization was banned by President <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> in 2002 as being a <a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">terrorist group</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation#Pakistan" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2000 <a href="/wiki/Masood_Azhar" title="Masood Azhar">Masood Azhar</a>, another militant leader, and founder of <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a> (JeM), was quoted as saying that "Sipah-e-Sahaba stands shoulder to shoulder with Jaish-e-Muhammad in Jehad."<sup id="cite_ref-satp_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satp-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A leaked U.S. diplomatic cable described JeM as "another SSP breakaway Deobandi organization."<sup id="cite_ref-cable_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cable-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_madrasas" title="List of Deobandi madrasas">List of Deobandi madrasas</a></div> <p>Right after <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>, the main center of Deobandism throughout the world, <a href="/wiki/Mazahir_Uloom,_Saharanpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur">Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur</a> is the second known Deobandi madrassa in India, which produced the scholars like <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a>'s established <a href="/wiki/Madrasa_Shahi,_Moradabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad">Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad</a>, the alma of scholars like <a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mahmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufti Mahmud">Mufti Mahmud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Akbarabadi" title="Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi">Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi</a> has its position. <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Karachi" title="Darul Uloom Karachi">Darul Uloom Karachi</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Mufti_Shafi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufti Shafi Usmani">Mufti Shafi Usmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Binoria" title="Jamia Binoria">Jamia Binoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Uloom-ul-Islamia" title="Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia">Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani">Pakistani</a> are top Deobandi institutions there. <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Bury" title="Darul Uloom Bury">Darul Uloom Bury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holcombe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Holcombe, Greater Manchester">Holcombe</a>, established by <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Motala" title="Yusuf Motala">Yusuf Motala</a> during 1970s is the first Deobandi madrassa of the West<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Timol_2019_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timol_2019-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darul Ulum <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle, South Africa">Newcastle</a>, was founded in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Cassim_Sema" title="Cassim Sema">Cassim Mohammed Sema</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Zakariyya" title="Darul Uloom Zakariyya">Dar al-Ulum Zakariyya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lenasia" title="Lenasia">Lenasia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Eds._85,_101_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eds._85,_101-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zmo.de_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zmo.de-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Madrasah_In%27aamiyyah" title="Madrasah In'aamiyyah">Madrasah In'aamiyyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camperdown,_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Camperdown, KwaZulu-Natal">Camperdown</a> is known for its Dar al-Iftaa (Department of Fatwa Research and Training) which runs the popular online fatwa service, Askimam.org.<sup id="cite_ref-themuslim500.com_2012_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themuslim500.com_2012-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Jamiatul_Ahlia_Darul_Ulum_Moinul_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam">Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam</a> is the first established Deobandi madrassa in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, which produced the scholars like <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi" title="Shah Ahmad Shafi">Shah Ahmad Shafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junaid_Babunagari" title="Junaid Babunagari">Junaid Babunagari</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid_Islamic_Institute" title="Al-Rashid Islamic Institute">Al-Rashid Islamic Institute</a>, Ontario, Canada, <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Al-Madania" title="Darul Uloom Al-Madania">Darul Uloom Al-Madania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamiah_Darul_Uloom_Zahedan" title="Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan">Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan</a> in Iran and <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Raheemiyyah" title="Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah">Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah</a> are some top Deobandi institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandis" title="List of Deobandis">List of Deobandis</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a> (died 1886) – First teacher of Darul Uloom Deoband.<sup id="cite_ref-david_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-david-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (1851–1920) – Popularly known as "Shaykh al-Hind".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (1863–1943)<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (1863–1943) – <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> activist and Life Member of <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (1875–1933)<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a> (1879–1957)<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi</a> (1884–1944) – Founder of <a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (1887–1949)<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzair_Gul_Peshawari" title="Uzair Gul Peshawari">Uzair Gul Peshawari</a> (1886–1989), Indian independence activist and former head of Madrasa Rahmania in <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi Deobandi</a> (1897–1976)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (1898–1982)<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayn_al-Abidin_Sajjad_Meerthi" title="Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi">Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi</a> (1910–1991), former head of the Islamic studies department of <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Matin_Chowdhury_(scholar)" title="Abdul Matin Chowdhury (scholar)">Abdul Matin Chowdhury</a> (1915–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlul_Karim_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazlul Karim (scholar)">Fazlul Karim</a> (1935–2006)<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi" title="Shah Ahmad Shafi">Shah Ahmad Shafi</a> (1916–2020), former Chief of <a href="/wiki/Hefajat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a>, rector of <a href="/wiki/Al-Jamiatul_Ahlia_Darul_Ulum_Moinul_Islam_Hathazari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari">Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari</a> and also the chairman of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Qawmi_Madrasah_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board">Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdur Rahman Bangladeshi">Abdur Rahman Bangladeshi</a> (1920–2015) – <i>He was the founder director of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Research_Center_Bangladesh" title="Islamic Research Center Bangladesh">Islamic Research Center Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> & Many Deobandi school.</i> Ex chairman of the <i>Shariah Council</i> of Many <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Islamic Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Wahhab" title="Muhammad Abdul Wahhab">Muhammad Abdul Wahhab</a> (1923–2018) – former Amir of the <a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a> Pakistan Chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Uddin_Gohorpuri" title="Nur Uddin Gohorpuri">Nur Uddin Gohorpuri</a> (1924–2005)<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Khalid_Mahmood" class="mw-redirect" title="Allama Khalid Mahmood">Khalid Mahmood</a> (1925–2020) – UK. He was the founder and Director of The Islamic Academy of Manchester.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was established in 1974. He served formerly as a Professor at Murray College Sialkot and also at MAO College Lahore. He obtained a PhD in Comparative Religion from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> in 1970. He has authored over 50 books, and has served as the Justice of Supreme court of Pakistan (Shariat Appellate Bench).<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus_Jaunpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri">Muhammad Yunus Jownpuri</a> (1937-2017) – Senior Hadith Scholar and former Shaykh al-Hadith of Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur. He was among the senior students and disciples of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Mansoorpuri" title="Usman Mansoorpuri">Usman Mansoorpuri</a> (1944-2021) – First National President of <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind</a>'s Mahmood faction.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Motala" title="Yusuf Motala">Yusuf Motala</a> (1946–2019) – UK; Founder and senior lecturer at Dar al-Ulum Bury, one of the oldest Deobandi Madrasas in the West; "He is a scholar's scholar – many of the United Kingdom's young Deobandi scholars have studied under his patronage."<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (1945–2020) – Former Secretary General of <a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Desai" title="Ebrahim Desai">Ebrahim Desai</a>, South Africa – Mufti and founder of <a href="/wiki/Askimam" title="Askimam">Askimam</a> fatwa portal (1963–2021).<sup id="cite_ref-themuslim500.com_2012_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themuslim500.com_2012-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Karaan" title="Taha Karaan">Taha Karaan</a>, South African scholar and jurist (1969–2021).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Deobandis">Contemporary Deobandis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Contemporary Deobandis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudul_Hasan_(scholar)" title="Mahmudul Hasan (scholar)">Mahmudul Hasan</a>, Bangladesh – President of <a href="/wiki/Al-Haiatul_Ulya_Lil-Jamiatil_Qawmia_Bangladesh" title="Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh">Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Befaqul_Madarisil_Arabia_Bangladesh" title="Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh">Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh</a>, Chancellor of <a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" class="extiw" title="bn:জামিযা ইসলামিযা দারল উলম মাদানিযা">Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom Madania</a>, Amir of Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Rezaul_Karim" title="Syed Rezaul Karim">Syed Rezaul Karim</a> Vice President of <a href="/wiki/Al-Haiatul_Ulya_Lil-Jamiatil_Qawmia_Bangladesh" title="Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh">Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Befaqul_Madarisil_Arabia_Bangladesh" title="Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh">Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Amir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Andolan Bangladesh</a>, President of the Bangladesh Mujahid Committee and Bangladesh Quran Education Board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_F_M_Khalid_Hossain" title="A F M Khalid Hossain">A F M Khalid Hossain</a> – Bangladeshi Islamic Scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Bukhari" title="Abdul Halim Bukhari">Abdul Halim Bukhari</a>, Bangladesh – Chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Al_Jamia_Al_Islamia_Patiya" title="Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya">Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Babunagari" title="Junaid Babunagari">Junaid Babunagari</a>, Bangladeshi Islamic Scholar, He is serving as the assistant director of <a href="/wiki/Al-Jamiatul_Ahlia_Darul_Ulum_Moinul_Islam_Hathazari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari">Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari</a>, and secretary general of <a href="/wiki/Hefajat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Faizul_Karim" title="Syed Faizul Karim">Syed Faizul Karim</a> Senior Vice President of Islami Andolan Bangladesh. He is also the Vice President of Bangladesh Mujahid Committee and Bangladesh Quran Education Board and Central Member of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamunul_Haque" title="Mamunul Haque">Mamunul Haque</a> – Secretary General of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish">Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish</a> and President of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish">Bangladesh Khelafat Youth Majlish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhibbullah_Babunagari" title="Muhibbullah Babunagari">Muhibbullah Babunagari</a>, Chief advisor of <a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a> (born 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi_Usmani" title="Muhammad Rafi Usmani">Muhammad Rafi Usmani</a>, Pakistan – Former President and senior lecturer of <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Karachi" title="Darul Uloom Karachi">Darul Uloom Karachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a>, Pakistan – Vice-president of Dar al-Ulum Karachi, Former judge on the Shariah Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Deputy Chairman of the Islamic Fiqh Academy of the OIC, leading scholar of Islamic Finance,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and often considered to be a leading scholar and figurehead of the Deobandi movement.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Jihadi" title="Nurul Islam Jihadi">Nurul Islam Jihadi</a>, Secretary General of <a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a>. (born 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Nurul_Islam_Olipuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Allama Nurul Islam Olipuri">Allama Nurul Islam Olipuri</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mufassir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufassir">Mufassir</a> from Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Jameel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariq Jameel">Tariq Jameel</a>, Pakistan – Prominent scholar and preacher in the Tablighi Jama'at.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_ibn_Musa_Menk" title="Ismail ibn Musa Menk">Ismail ibn Musa Menk</a>, Zimbabwean scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_ibn_Yusuf_Mangera" title="Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera">Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera</a>, Mufti and founder of Whitethread Institute and Zamzam Academy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sufyan_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi">Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi</a>, current rector of <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Waqf,_Deoband" class="mw-redirect" title="Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband">Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Mir_Qasmi" title="Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi">Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi</a>, founder and rector of <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Raheemiyyah" title="Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah">Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfuzul_Haque" title="Mahfuzul Haque">Mahfuzul Haque</a>, secretary general of <a href="/wiki/Befaqul_Madarisil_Arabia_Bangladesh" title="Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh">Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Adam_Al-Kawthari" title="Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari">Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari</a>, founder and chief-Mufti of Darul Ifta Leicester.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhamid_Ismaeelzahi" title="Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi">Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi</a>, Iraninan Sunni Scholar who is regarded as a "spiritual leader for Iran’s Sunni Muslim population".<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Nadeem_al_Wajidi" title="Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi">Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi</a>, Chicago-based Indian Scholar and the founder of Darul Uloom Online.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ahmad_Naqshbandi" title="Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi">Zulfiqar Ahmad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani people">Pakistani</a> Islamic scholar and <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> Shaykh.<sup id="cite_ref-deoband2_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deoband2-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Haqiqatjou" title="Daniel Haqiqatjou">Daniel Haqiqatjou</a>, American Muslim writer, polemic and founder of the website Muslim Skeptic.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications_about_Deobandism">Publications about Deobandism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Publications about Deobandism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Deobandi_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of Deobandi Movement">Bibliography of Deobandi Movement</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revival_in_British_India" title="Islamic Revival in British India">Islamic Revival in British India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revival_from_Below" title="Revival from Below">Revival from Below</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deoband_School_And_The_Demand_For_Pakistan" title="The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan">The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan</a></i></li> <li><i>A Special Issue on The Deoband Madrasa</i>, The Muslim World<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Deobandi_movement%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Deobandi movement–related articles">Index of Deobandi movement–related articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_citations">General citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: General citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhan2020" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Rehan (3 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/rehan-khan/shah-ismail-dehlawi-grandson-shah-waliullah-dehlawi-represented-fusion-sufism-with-salafism/d/121025">"Shah Ismail Dehlawi, a Grandson of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, Represented a Fusion of Sufism with Salafism"</a>. <i>New Age Islam</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509084123/https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/rehan-khan/shah-ismail-dehlawi-grandson-shah-waliullah-dehlawi-represented-fusion-sufism-with-salafism/d/121025">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Age+Islam&rft.atitle=Shah+Ismail+Dehlawi%2C+a+Grandson+of+Shah+Waliullah+Dehlawi%2C+Represented+a+Fusion+of+Sufism+with+Salafism&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Rehan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newageislam.com%2Fislamic-personalities%2Frehan-khan%2Fshah-ismail-dehlawi-grandson-shah-waliullah-dehlawi-represented-fusion-sufism-with-salafism%2Fd%2F121025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://darululoom-deoband.com/en/the-track/">"Maslak of Ulama-e-Deoband – Darul Uloom Deoband – India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maslak+of+Ulama-e-Deoband+%E2%80%93+Darul+Uloom+Deoband+%E2%80%93+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdarululoom-deoband.com%2Fen%2Fthe-track%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luv_Puri-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luv_Puri_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuri2009" class="citation journal cs1">Puri, Luv (3 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211544/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/the-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam/">"The Past and Future of Deobandi Islam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CTC_Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="CTC Sentinel">CTC Sentinel</a></i>. <b>2</b> (11). West Point, New York: <a href="/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center" title="Combating Terrorism Center">Combating Terrorism Center</a>: 19–22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctc.usma.edu/the-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam/">the original</a> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTC+Sentinel&rft.atitle=The+Past+and+Future+of+Deobandi+Islam&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=19-22&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Luv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctc.usma.edu%2Fthe-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308214818/http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/english/introulema/founders1.htm">"The Six Great Ones"</a>. Darul Uloom Deoband. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/english/introulema/founders1.htm">the original</a> on 8 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Six+Great+Ones&rft.pub=Darul+Uloom+Deoband&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darululoom-deoband.com%2Fenglish%2Fintroulema%2Ffounders1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jawad_Syed_et_al.-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jawad_Syed_et_al._5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyedPioKamranZaidi2016" class="citation book cs1">Syed, Jawad; Pio, Edwina; Kamran, Tahir; Zaidi, Abbas, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Mx5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA139"><i>Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-349-94966-3">10.1057/978-1-349-94966-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-94965-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-94965-6"><bdi>978-1-349-94965-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016951736">2016951736</a>. <q>Some prominent founders of the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>, drew further inspiration from the religiopoliticial concept of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah</a> and they set up an Islamic seminary at <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">UP</a> on 30 May 1866</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith-Based+Violence+and+Deobandi+Militancy+in+Pakistan&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016951736&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F978-1-349-94966-3&rft.isbn=978-1-349-94965-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Mx5DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ira_M._Lapidus_p_626_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, p. 626. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521779332" title="Special:BookSources/0521779332">0521779332</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urban_Terrorism-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Urban_Terrorism_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Urban_Terrorism_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Urban_Terrorism_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsthanaNirmal2009" class="citation book cs1">Asthana, N. C.; Nirmal, Anjali (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8EqWnqdsgZMC&pg=PA66"><i>Urban Terrorism: Myths and Realities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a>: Shashi Jain for Pointer Publishers. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7132-598-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7132-598-6"><bdi>978-81-7132-598-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Terrorism%3A+Myths+and+Realities&rft.place=Jaipur&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Shashi+Jain+for+Pointer+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7132-598-6&rft.aulast=Asthana&rft.aufirst=N.+C.&rft.au=Nirmal%2C+Anjali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8EqWnqdsgZMC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2011_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2011_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2011_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2011_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2011_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2011_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2011" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Asghar (9 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milligazette.com/news/900-islamic-identity-in-secular-india-part-i">"Islamic identity in secular India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Milli_Gazette" title="The Milli Gazette">The Milli Gazette</a></i>. <q>The Ulama of Deoband opposed partition and stood by united nationalism. Maulana Husain Ahmad Madani, then chief of Jami'at-ul-Ulama-i-Hind, wrote a tract Muttahida Qaumiyyat aur Islam i.e., the Composite Nationalism and Islam justifying composite nationalism in the light of Qur'an and hadith and opposing Muslim League's separate nationalism. While the educated elite were aspiring for power and hence wanted their exclusive domain; the Ulama's priority was an independent India where they could practice Islam without fear or hindrance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Milli+Gazette&rft.atitle=Islamic+identity+in+secular+India&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Asghar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milligazette.com%2Fnews%2F900-islamic-identity-in-secular-india-part-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A History of Pakistan and Its Origins</i>, Christophe Jaffrelot, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurki2013" class="citation journal cs1">Burki, Shireen Khan (2013). "The Tablighi Jama'at: Proselytizing Missionaries or Trojan Horse?". <i>Journal of Applied Security Research</i>. <b>8</b> (1). London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 98–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19361610.2013.738407">10.1080/19361610.2013.738407</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1936-1629">1936-1629</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144466130">144466130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Security+Research&rft.atitle=The+Tablighi+Jama%27at%3A+Proselytizing+Missionaries+or+Trojan+Horse%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=98-117&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144466130%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1936-1629&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19361610.2013.738407&rft.aulast=Burki&rft.aufirst=Shireen+Khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuiper2018" class="citation web cs1">Kuiper, Matthew J. (22 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0250.xml">"Tablighi Jamaʿat—Oxford Islamic Studies Online"</a>. <i>www.oxfordbibliographies.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303040002/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0250.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordbibliographies.com&rft.atitle=Tablighi+Jama%CA%BFat%E2%80%94Oxford+Islamic+Studies+Online&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft.aulast=Kuiper&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195390155%2Fobo-9780195390155-0250.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd Ridgeon (2015). <i>Sufis and Salafis in the Contemporary Age</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472532237" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472532237">978-1472532237</a>. p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Youssef Aboul-Enein <i>Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Global Threat</i> Naval Institute Press, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1612510156" title="Special:BookSources/978-1612510156">978-1612510156</a> p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abbas2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abbas2011_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abbas2011_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2011" class="citation book cs1">Abbas, Tahir (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JdC90uc8PfQC&pg=PA33">"Islamic political radicalism: origins and destinations"</a>. <i>Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 33–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-57224-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-57224-8"><bdi>978-0-415-57224-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islamic+political+radicalism%3A+origins+and+destinations&rft.btitle=Islamic+Radicalism+and+Multicultural+Politics%3A+The+British+Experience&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-57224-8&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Tahir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJdC90uc8PfQC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RohanBedi-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RohanBedi_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBedi2006" class="citation cs1">Bedi, Rohan (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102091018/http://www.pvtr.org/pdf/RegionalAnalysis/SouthAsia/Madrassa%20_IDSS%20_%20_FINAL_.pdf"><i>Have Pakistanis Forgotten Their Sufi Traditions?</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Singapore: International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at <a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Technological_University" title="Nanyang Technological University">Nanyang Technological University</a>. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pvtr.org/pdf/RegionalAnalysis/SouthAsia/Madrassa%20_IDSS%20_%20_FINAL_.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Have+Pakistanis+Forgotten+Their+Sufi+Traditions%3F&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=International+Centre+for+Political+Violence+and+Terrorism+Research+at+Nanyang+Technological+University&rft.date=2006-04&rft.aulast=Bedi&rft.aufirst=Rohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pvtr.org%2Fpdf%2FRegionalAnalysis%2FSouthAsia%2FMadrassa%2520_IDSS%2520_%2520_FINAL_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span>.<br />This estimates that 15% of Pakistani Muslims are Deobandi and 20% Shia, which equates to about 19% of Pakistan's Sunni Muslims being Deobandi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sushant_Sareen-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sushant_Sareen_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sushant_Sareen_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sushant_Sareen_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSareen2005" class="citation book cs1">Sareen, Sushant (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uSxZhFenUusC"><i>The Jihad Factory: Pakistan's Islamic Revolution in the Making</i></a>. New Delhi: Har Anand Publications. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8124110751" title="Special:BookSources/978-8124110751"><bdi>978-8124110751</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jihad+Factory%3A+Pakistan%27s+Islamic+Revolution+in+the+Making&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Har+Anand+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-8124110751&rft.aulast=Sareen&rft.aufirst=Sushant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuSxZhFenUusC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deobandi1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deobandi1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deobandi1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyedPioKamranZaidi2016" class="citation book cs1">Syed, Jawad; Pio, Edwina; Kamran, Tahir; Zaidi, Abbas, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Mx5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA371"><i>Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-349-94966-3">10.1057/978-1-349-94966-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-94965-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-94965-6"><bdi>978-1-349-94965-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016951736">2016951736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith-Based+Violence+and+Deobandi+Militancy+in+Pakistan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016951736&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F978-1-349-94966-3&rft.isbn=978-1-349-94965-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Mx5DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211544/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/the-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam/">"The Past and Future of Deobandi Islam"</a>. <i>Combating Terrorism Center at West Point</i>. 3 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctc.usma.edu/the-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam/">the original</a> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Combating+Terrorism+Center+at+West+Point&rft.atitle=The+Past+and+Future+of+Deobandi+Islam&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctc.usma.edu%2Fthe-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoosa2015" class="citation cs1">Moosa, Ebrahim (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/deobandis-in-africa-COM_27718?s.num=1&s.au=%22Moosa,+Ebrahim%22">"Deobandīs in Africa"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE</i>. Brill<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deoband%C4%ABs+in+Africa&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+THREE&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Moosa&rft.aufirst=Ebrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2Fdeobandis-in-africa-COM_27718%3Fs.num%3D1%26s.au%3D%2522Moosa%2C%2BEbrahim%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalili2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muhammadullah_Khalili_Qasmi" title="Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi">Khalili, Muhammadullah</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34768122">"Influence of Deoband School of Thought In South Africa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_KwaZulu-Natal" title="University of KwaZulu-Natal">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a></i>: 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221029023652/https://www.academia.edu/34768122/Influence_of_Deoband_School_of_Thought_In_South_Africa">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+KwaZulu-Natal&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Deoband+School+of+Thought+In+South+Africa&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Khalili&rft.aufirst=Muhammadullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34768122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurani2013" class="citation journal cs1">Durani, Abdul Gufur (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jsr.usb.ac.ir/article_848.html?lang=en">"Advent of Deobandi Thinking in India and Its Impact on Iranian Baluchistan"</a>. <i>Journal of Subcontinent Researches</i>. <b>4</b>: 22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22111%2Fjsr.2013.848">10.22111/jsr.2013.848</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Subcontinent+Researches&rft.atitle=Advent+of+Deobandi+Thinking+in+India+and+Its+Impact+on+Iranian+Baluchistan&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22111%2Fjsr.2013.848&rft.aulast=Durani&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Gufur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjsr.usb.ac.ir%2Farticle_848.html%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ahmad, Ashraf (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/islam-in-iran-xiii-islamic-political-movements-in-20th-century-iran">"Islam In Iran Xiii. Islamic Political Movements In 20th Century Iran"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition</i>. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islam+In+Iran+Xiii.+Islamic+Political+Movements+In+20th+Century+Iran&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%2C+Online+Edition&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica+Foundation&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Ashraf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fislam-in-iran-xiii-islamic-political-movements-in-20th-century-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurani201322-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurani201322_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDurani2013">Durani 2013</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:dawn-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:dawn_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalman2015" class="citation news cs1">Salman, Peerzada (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1183212">"The role of Deobandi school of thought in Iran discussed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=The+role+of+Deobandi+school+of+thought+in+Iran+discussed&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.aulast=Salman&rft.aufirst=Peerzada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1183212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Who_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2016" class="citation cs1">Ahmed, Abdul-Azim (12 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809154515/http://www.onreligion.co.uk/who-are-britains-muslims/">"Who are Britain's Muslims?"</a>. <i>On Religion magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onreligion.co.uk/who-are-britains-muslims/">the original</a> on 9 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+Religion+magazine&rft.atitle=Who+are+Britain%27s+Muslims%3F&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Abdul-Azim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onreligion.co.uk%2Fwho-are-britains-muslims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ofsted201415-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ofsted201415_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/483347/Ofsted_annual_report_education_and_skills.pdf"><i>The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2014/15</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hardline_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorfolk2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Norfolk" title="Andrew Norfolk">Norfolk, Andrew</a> (7 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/faith/article2098578.ece">"Hardline takeover of British Masjid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Hardline+takeover+of+British+Masjid&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Norfolk&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Ffaith%2Farticle2098578.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunglawala2007" class="citation cs1">Bunglawala, Inayat (7 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/sep/07/atoxicmixoffactandnonsense">"A toxic mix of fact and nonsense"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+toxic+mix+of+fact+and+nonsense&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Bunglawala&rft.aufirst=Inayat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2007%2Fsep%2F07%2Fatoxicmixoffactandnonsense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2014" class="citation news cs1">Bowen, Innes (14 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/06/who-runs-our-mosques/">"Who runs our mosques?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Who+runs+our+mosques%3F&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Innes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2014%2F06%2Fwho-runs-our-mosques%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ranjit-Singh-Sikh-maharaja">Profile of Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh on Encyclopedia Britannica</a> Retrieved 16 August 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoogleBooks-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoogleBooks_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFaIp-8BEDoC&dq=shah+ismail+shaheed&pg=PT4">Profile of Dehlvi on books.google.com website</a> Retrieved 16 August 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinan_Siyech2020" class="citation web cs1">Sinan Siyech, Mohammed (4 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mei.edu/publications/what-makes-movement-violent-comparing-ahle-hadith-salafists-india-and-pakistan">"What Makes a Movement Violent: Comparing the Ahle Hadith (Salafists) in India and Pakistan"</a>. <i>MEI</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418223600/https://www.mei.edu/publications/what-makes-movement-violent-comparing-ahle-hadith-salafists-india-and-pakistan">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEI&rft.atitle=What+Makes+a+Movement+Violent%3A+Comparing+the+Ahle+Hadith+%28Salafists%29+in+India+and+Pakistan&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft.aulast=Sinan+Siyech&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mei.edu%2Fpublications%2Fwhat-makes-movement-violent-comparing-ahle-hadith-salafists-india-and-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBokhari2021" class="citation web cs1">Bokhari, Kamran (23 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newlinesmag.com/essays/the-long-shadow-of-deobandism-in-south-asia/">"The Long Shadow of Deobandism in South Asia"</a>. <i>Newslines Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123222852/https://newlinesmag.com/essays/the-long-shadow-of-deobandism-in-south-asia/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newslines+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Long+Shadow+of+Deobandism+in+South+Asia&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft.aulast=Bokhari&rft.aufirst=Kamran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewlinesmag.com%2Fessays%2Fthe-long-shadow-of-deobandism-in-south-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"History of Darul Uloom Deoband", Vol.1, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spevack_2014_49-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spevack_2014_49_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spevack_2014_49_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpevack2014" class="citation book cs1">Spevack, Aaron (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=htx8BAAAQBAJ&q=Hanafi"><i>The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri</i></a>. State University of New York Press. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-5370-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-5370-5"><bdi>978-1-4384-5370-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archetypal+Sunni+Scholar%3A+Law%2C+Theology%2C+and+Mysticism+in+the+Synthesis+of+Al-Bajuri&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-5370-5&rft.aulast=Spevack&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhtx8BAAAQBAJ%26q%3DHanafi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Emmanuel Singh, Islamization in Modern South Asia: Deobandi Reform and the Gujjar Response, p 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deoband.org-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deoband.org_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFibnummabd_on_19_February_2009_at_6:04_pm2009" class="citation web cs1">ibnummabd on 19 February 2009 at 6:04 pm (19 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060851/http://www.deoband.org/about-2/">"About"</a>. Deoband.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deoband.org/about-2/">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Deoband.org&rft.date=2009-02-19&rft.au=ibnummabd+on+19+February+2009+at+6%3A04+pm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deoband.org%2Fabout-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruinessen,_Stefano_Allievi_p_100-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bruinessen,_Stefano_Allievi_p_100_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin van Bruinessen, Stefano Allievi, Producing Islamic Knowledge: Transmission and Dissemination in Western Europe, p 100. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1136932860" title="Special:BookSources/1136932860">1136932860</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrannon_D._Ingram2018" class="citation book cs1">Brannon D. Ingram (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hkFyDwAAQBAJ"><i>Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520970137" title="Special:BookSources/9780520970137"><bdi>9780520970137</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+from+Below%3A+The+Deoband+Movement+and+Global+Islam&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780520970137&rft.au=Brannon+D.+Ingram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhkFyDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kizb3-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kizb3_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kizb3_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kizb3_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kizb3_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kizb3_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2018" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOVvDwAAQBAJ&q=Imkan-i+Kizb"><i>Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 7, 64, 100, 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520298002" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520298002"><bdi>978-0520298002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+from+Below%3A+The+Deoband+Movement+and+Global+Islam&rft.pages=7%2C+64%2C+100%2C+241&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0520298002&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGOVvDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DImkan-i%2BKizb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rag2-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rag2_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rag2_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rag2_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2009" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/282790">"Sufis, Scholars and Scapegoats: Rashid Ahmad Gangohi(d. 1905) and the Deobandi Critique of Sufism"</a>. <i>The Muslim World</i>. <b>99</b> (3). Blackwell Publishing: 484. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x">10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01281.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+World&rft.atitle=Sufis%2C+Scholars+and+Scapegoats%3A+Rashid+Ahmad+Gangohi%28d.+1905%29+and+the+Deobandi+Critique+of+Sufism&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=484&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F282790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2002" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Barbara Daly (2002). <i>Islamic revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900</i> (3rd impression. ed.). New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-566049-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-566049-8"><bdi>0-19-566049-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+revival+in+British+India%3A+Deoband%2C+1860%E2%80%931900&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=141&rft.edition=3rd+impression.&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-566049-8&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Daly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommins2016" class="citation cs1">Commins, David (2016) [2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kQN6q16dIjAC"><i>The Mission and the Kingdom: Wahhabi Power behind the Saudi throne</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838609528" title="Special:BookSources/9781838609528"><bdi>9781838609528</bdi></a>. <q>That tendency [of reviving the community of believers] emerged in a town north of Delhi called Deoband and it is therefore known as the Deobandi movement. While they shared the Wahhabis' dedication to ritual correctness, their scrupulous adherence to the Hanafi legal school clearly set them apart from the Arabian Hanbalis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mission+and+the+Kingdom%3A+Wahhabi+Power+behind+the+Saudi+throne&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781838609528&rft.aulast=Commins&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkQN6q16dIjAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingram_2018-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ingram_2018_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2018" class="citation book cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOVvDwAAQBAJ"><i>Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520298002" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520298002"><bdi>978-0520298002</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018014045">2018014045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+from+Below%3A+The+Deoband+Movement+and+Global+Islam&rft.place=Oakland&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018014045&rft.isbn=978-0520298002&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGOVvDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Van Bruinessen, Julia Day Howell, Sufism and the 'Modern' in Islam, p 130, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1850438544" title="Special:BookSources/1850438544">1850438544</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://essays.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/metcalf.htm">Metcalf, Barabara. <i>"Traditionalist" Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901024438/http://essays.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/metcalf.htm">Archived</a> 1 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "These orientations – "Deobandi," "Barelvi" or "Ahl-i Hadith" – would come to define sectarian divisions among Sunni Muslims of South Asian background to the present."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaque1975" class="citation journal cs1">Haque, Ziaul (1975). "Muslim Religious Education in Indo-Pakistan". <i>Islamic Studies</i>. <b>14</b> (4). Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad: 284. <q>The following books and subjects are studied ... Fiqh: Hidayah, Quduri, Nur al-Idah, Sharh-i Waqayah, Kanz al-Daqa'iq</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=Muslim+Religious+Education+in+Indo-Pakistan&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=284&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Haque&rft.aufirst=Ziaul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2002" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Barbara Daly (2002). <i>Islamic revival in British India : Deoband, 1860–1900</i> (3rd impression. ed.). New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-566049-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-566049-8"><bdi>0-19-566049-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+revival+in+British+India+%3A+Deoband%2C+1860%E2%80%931900&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=141&rft.edition=3rd+impression.&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-566049-8&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Daly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2008" class="citation thesis cs1">Khan, Fareeha (2008). <i>Traditionalist Approaches to Shari'ah Reform: Mawlana Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi's Fatwa on Women's Right to Divorce</i> (Thesis). University of Michigan. p. 59. <q>Polemicists from among the Ahl-i Hadith were especially being targeted in Thanawi's explanation, since they accused those who adhered to the rulings of one scholar or legal school of "blind imitation". It was the practice of the Ahl-i Hadith to demand and provide proofs for every argument and legal ruling.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Traditionalist+Approaches+to+Shari%27ah+Reform%3A+Mawlana+Ashraf+%27Ali+Thanawi%27s+Fatwa+on+Women%27s+Right+to+Divorce&rft.inst=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Fareeha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaman2002" class="citation book cs1">Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2002). <i>The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 24. <q>The Deobandi sensitivity to the Ahl-i Hadith challenge is indicated by the polemics they engaged in with the Ahl-i Hadith and by the large commentaries on classical works of hadith written specifically to refute them</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ulama+in+Contemporary+Islam%3A+Custodians+of+Change&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Zaman&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaman2002" class="citation book cs1">Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2002). <i>The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 39. <q>...gave a new and, in the Indian context, unprecedented salience to the study of hadith in their madrasas. Hadith had, of course, been studied in precolonial Indian madrasas, but the Deobandis instituted the practice of studying (or, more exactly, "reviewing") all six of the Sunni canonical collections of hadith in the course of a single year; this practice has come to serve in Indian and Pakistani madrasas as the capstone of a student's advanced madrasa</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ulama+in+Contemporary+Islam%3A+Custodians+of+Change&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Zaman&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2002" class="citation journal cs1">Metcalf, B.D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887/10068">"Traditionalist' Islamic Activism:Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs"</a>. <i>International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World</i>: 5–6. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F10068">1887/10068</a> – via Leiden University Scholarly Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Islam+in+the+Modern+World&rft.atitle=Traditionalist%27+Islamic+Activism%3ADeoband%2C+Tablighis%2C+and+Talibs&rft.pages=5-6&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F10068&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=B.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1887%2F10068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._Esposito1995" class="citation book cs1">L. Esposito, John (1995). <i>The Oxford encyclopedia of the modern Islamic world Volume 1</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509612-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509612-6"><bdi>0-19-509612-6</bdi></a>. <q>DEOBANDIS... It was a pioneer effort to transmit the religious sciences, specifically the dars-i-nizami identified with the Lucknow-based 'ulama' of Farangi Mahal.. The goal of the school was to preserve the teachings of the faith in a period of non-Muslim rule and considerable social change...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+encyclopedia+of+the+modern+Islamic+world+Volume+1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-509612-6&rft.aulast=L.+Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeoband.org2010" class="citation web cs1">Deoband.org (18 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deoband.org/2010/07/theology-rulings/a-call-to-deobandi-barelwi-unity-fatwas-from-two-leading-deobandi-institutes/">"A call to Deobandi-Barelwi unity? Fatwas from two leading Deobandi institutes"</a>. <i>Deoband.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deoband.org&rft.atitle=A+call+to+Deobandi-Barelwi+unity%3F+Fatwas+from+two+leading+Deobandi+institutes&rft.date=2010-07-18&rft.au=Deoband.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deoband.org%2F2010%2F07%2Ftheology-rulings%2Fa-call-to-deobandi-barelwi-unity-fatwas-from-two-leading-deobandi-institutes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyedPioKamranZaidi2016" class="citation book cs1">Syed, Jawad; Pio, Edwina; Kamran, Tahir; Zaidi, Abbas, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Mx5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA377"><i>Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-349-94966-3">10.1057/978-1-349-94966-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-94965-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-94965-6"><bdi>978-1-349-94965-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016951736">2016951736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith-Based+Violence+and+Deobandi+Militancy+in+Pakistan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016951736&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F978-1-349-94966-3&rft.isbn=978-1-349-94965-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Mx5DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_C._Kozlowski1985" class="citation cs1">Gregory C. Kozlowski (21 November 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CuWLhmn4JmYC&pg=PA76"><i>Muslim Endowments and Society in British India</i></a>. CUP Archive. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521259866" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521259866"><bdi>978-0521259866</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Endowments+and+Society+in+British+India&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1985-11-21&rft.isbn=978-0521259866&rft.au=Gregory+C.+Kozlowski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCuWLhmn4JmYC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-db-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-db_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-db_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-db_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2009" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/282790">"Sufis, Scholars and Scapegoats: Rashid Ahmad Gangohi(d. 1905) and the Deobandi Critique of Sufism"</a>. <i>The Muslim World</i>. <b>99</b> (3). Blackwell Publishing: 480. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x">10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01281.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+World&rft.atitle=Sufis%2C+Scholars+and+Scapegoats%3A+Rashid+Ahmad+Gangohi%28d.+1905%29+and+the+Deobandi+Critique+of+Sufism&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=480&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F282790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sas-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sas_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sas_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Sirriyeh2014" class="citation cs1">Elizabeth Sirriyeh (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U8BmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49"><i>Sufis and Anti-Sufis: The Defence, Rethinking and Rejection of Sufism in the Modern World</i></a>. Routledge Curzon. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136812767" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136812767"><bdi>978-1136812767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufis+and+Anti-Sufis%3A+The+Defence%2C+Rethinking+and+Rejection+of+Sufism+in+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Routledge+Curzon&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1136812767&rft.au=Elizabeth+Sirriyeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU8BmAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daruliftaa.com/aqidah-belief/various-forms-of-tawassul-and-istighatha-and-their-rulings/">"Various Forms of Tawassul and Istighatha and their Rulings"</a>. <i>Darul Iftaa</i>. 8 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Silsilahs+of+Tasawwuf+and+the+Reality+of+Bay%27ah+%7C+IlmGate&rft.date=2010-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmgate.org%2Fthe-silsilahs-of-tasawwuf-and-the-reality-of-bayah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilmgate.org/ashraf-ali-thanawi%e2%80%99s-conception-of-islamic-mysticism/">"Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi's Conception of Islamic Mysticism | IlmGate"</a>. 1 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ashraf+%27Ali+Thanawi%27s+Conception+of+Islamic+Mysticism+%7C+IlmGate&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmgate.org%2Fashraf-ali-thanawi%25e2%2580%2599s-conception-of-islamic-mysticism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrannonIngram479-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BrannonIngram479_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2009" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/282790">"Sufis, Scholars and Scapegoats: Rashid Ahmad Gangohi(d. 1905) and the Deobandi Critique of Sufism"</a>. <i>The Muslim World</i>. <b>99</b> (3). Blackwell Publishing: 479. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x">10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01281.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+World&rft.atitle=Sufis%2C+Scholars+and+Scapegoats%3A+Rashid+Ahmad+Gangohi%28d.+1905%29+and+the+Deobandi+Critique+of+Sufism&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=479&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F282790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rag-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rag_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rag_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2009" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/282790">"Sufis, Scholars and Scapegoats: Rashid Ahmad Gangohi(d. 1905) and the Deobandi Critique of Sufism"</a>. <i>The Muslim World</i>. <b>99</b> (3). Blackwell Publishing: 484. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x">10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01281.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+World&rft.atitle=Sufis%2C+Scholars+and+Scapegoats%3A+Rashid+Ahmad+Gangohi%28d.+1905%29+and+the+Deobandi+Critique+of+Sufism&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=484&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F282790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kizb-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kizb_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kizb_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2018" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOVvDwAAQBAJ&q=Imkan-i+Kizb"><i>Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 7, 64, 100, 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520298002" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520298002"><bdi>978-0520298002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+from+Below%3A+The+Deoband+Movement+and+Global+Islam&rft.pages=7%2C+64%2C+100%2C+241&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0520298002&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGOVvDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DImkan-i%2BKizb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kizb2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kizb2_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kizb2_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2018" class="citation cs1">Ingram, Brannon D. 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University of California Press. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520298002" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520298002"><bdi>978-0520298002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+from+Below%3A+The+Deoband+Movement+and+Global+Islam&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0520298002&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGOVvDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DImkan-i%2BKizb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aamir-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aamir_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Bashir2015" class="citation journal cs1">Amir Bashir (December 2015). Muhammad Anwar Khan Qasmi (ed.). "Deobandi Sūfi Doctrine: Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Tasawwuf within the Context of Tawhīd and Sunnah". <i>Islamic Literature Review</i>. <b>2</b> (2). Deoband: Deoband Institute of Islamic Thought: 2. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2349-1795">2349-1795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Literature+Review&rft.atitle=Deobandi+S%C5%ABfi+Doctrine%3A+Towards+a+Comprehensive+Understanding+of+Tasawwuf+within+the+Context+of+Tawh%C4%ABd+and+Sunnah&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2015-12&rft.issn=2349-1795&rft.au=Amir+Bashir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:MKM-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:MKM_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMas’ūd1969" class="citation thesis cs1">Mas’ūd, Muḥammad Khālid (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/ng451k789"><i>Trends in the interpretation of Islamic law as reflected in the Fatāwá literature of Deoband School: a study of the attitudes of the 'Ulamā' of Deoband to certain social problems and inventions</i></a> (MA thesis). Canada: <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>. p. 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101071755/https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/ng451k789">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Trends+in+the+interpretation+of+Islamic+law+as+reflected+in+the+Fat%C4%81w%C3%A1+literature+of+Deoband+School%3A+a+study+of+the+attitudes+of+the+%27Ulam%C4%81%27+of+Deoband+to+certain+social+problems+and+inventions&rft.degree=MA&rft.inst=McGill+University&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Mas%E2%80%99%C5%ABd&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Kh%C4%81lid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.mcgill.ca%2Fconcern%2Ftheses%2Fng451k789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMas’ūd196925-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMas’ūd196925_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMas’ūd1969">Mas’ūd 1969</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWani2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Wani, Bilal Ahmad (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/159343947.pdf"><i>Contribution of Darul 'Ulum Deoband to the Development of Tafsir</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (M.Phil. thesis). 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Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell: 478–501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x">10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01281.x</a> – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+World&rft.atitle=Sufis%2C+Scholars%2C+and+Scapegoats%3A+Rashid+Ahmad+Gangohi+%28d.+1905%29+and+the+Deobandi+Critique+of+Sufism&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=478-501&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.2009.01281.x&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Brannon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F282790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisPellatSchacht1991" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>, eds. 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New York u.a: Greenwood Press, 1991. p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbhuiya2020-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barbhuiya2020_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbhuiya2020" class="citation book cs1">Barbhuiya, Atiqur Rahman (2020). <i>Indigenous People of Barak Valley</i>. Notion Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64678-800-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64678-800-2"><bdi>978-1-64678-800-2</bdi></a>. <q>Muslim politics in India opened a new chapter after the formation of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind in 1919 A.D. under the initiative of <a href="/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema">Ulema</a> of <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a>. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 457. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13830-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13830-7"><bdi>978-0-231-13830-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/mcde13830.15">10.7312/mcde13830.15</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=To+Independence+and+Partition&rft.btitle=Sources+of+Indian+Traditions%3A+Modern+India%2C+Pakistan%2C+and+Bangladesh&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Introduction+to+Asian+Civilizations&rft.pages=457&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7312%2Fmcde13830.15%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13830-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8qJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaf-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jaf_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christophe Jaffrelot. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sI_Y2CKAcC&q=militia&pg=PA243">A history of Pakistan and its origins</a></i>. Anthem Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84331-149-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84331-149-2">978-1-84331-149-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahadur1998" class="citation book cs1">Bahadur, Kalim (1998). <i>Democracy in Pakistan: crises and conflicts</i>. 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(February 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimol2019" class="citation journal cs1">Timol, Riyaz (14 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10100573">"Structures of Organisation and Loci of Authority in a Glocal Islamic Movement: The Tablighi Jama'at in Britain"</a>. <i>Religions</i>. <b>10</b> (10): 573. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10100573">10.3390/rel10100573</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religions&rft.atitle=Structures+of+Organisation+and+Loci+of+Authority+in+a+Glocal+Islamic+Movement%3A+The+Tablighi+Jama%27at+in+Britain&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=573&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Frel10100573&rft.aulast=Timol&rft.aufirst=Riyaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Frel10100573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemplin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Templin, James D. 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Jamestown Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=497&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=180&no_cache=1">the original</a> on 3 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terrorism+Monitor&rft.atitle=Lashkar-e-Jhangvi%3A+Sectarian+Violence+in+Pakistan+and+Ties+to+International+Terrorism&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2005-06-02&rft.aulast=Roul&rft.aufirst=Animesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fprograms%2Fgta%2Fsingle%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D497%26tx_ttnews%255BbackPid%255D%3D180%26no_cache%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc20030130-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc20030130_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2711239.stm">"Pakistani group joins US terror list"</a>. BBC News South Asia. 30 January 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pakistani+group+joins+US+terror+list&rft.date=2003-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F2711239.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad,_Tufail2012" class="citation web cs1">Ahmad, Tufail (21 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/6208.htm">"Using Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and Other Internet Tools, Pakistani Terrorist Group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Incites Violence against Shi'ite Muslims and Engenders Antisemitism"</a>. The Middle East Media Research Insititue, memri.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Using+Twitter%2C+YouTube%2C+Facebook+and+Other+Internet+Tools%2C+Pakistani+Terrorist+Group+Lashkar-e-Jhangvi+Incites+Violence+against+Shi%27ite+Muslims+and+Engenders+Antisemitism&rft.pub=The+Middle+East+Media+Research+Insititue%2C+memri.org&rft.date=2012-03-21&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Tufail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memri.org%2Freport%2Fen%2F0%2F0%2F0%2F0%2F0%2F0%2F6208.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-quetta-bombing-idUSBRE91I0Q420130219">"Pakistani Shi'ites call off protests after Quetta bombing arrests"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 19 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pakistani+Shi%27ites+call+off+protests+after+Quetta+bombing+arrests&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pakistan-quetta-bombing-idUSBRE91I0Q420130219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19280339">"Pakistan Shias killed in Gilgit sectarian attack"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 August 2012. <q>A predominantly Punjabi group, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is linked with the 2002 murder of US reporter Daniel Pearl and other militant attacks, particularly in the southern city of Karachi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Shias+killed+in+Gilgit+sectarian+attack&rft.date=2012-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-19280339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904022747/http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/105710-iran-condemns-terrorist-attacks-in-pakistan">"Iran condemns terrorist attacks in Pakistan"</a>. <i>Tehran Times</i>. 17 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/105710-iran-condemns-terrorist-attacks-in-pakistan">the original</a> on 4 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tehran+Times&rft.atitle=Iran+condemns+terrorist+attacks+in+Pakistan&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehrantimes.com%2Fpolitics%2F105710-iran-condemns-terrorist-attacks-in-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/144382.stm">"Analysis: Who are the Taleban?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 December 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+Who+are+the+Taleban%3F&rft.date=2000-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F144382.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abrams-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abrams_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrams2007" class="citation book cs1">Abrams, Dennis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hamidkarzai0000abra/page/14"><i>Hamid Karzai</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hamidkarzai0000abra/page/14">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-9267-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-9267-5"><bdi>978-0-7910-9267-5</bdi></a>. <q>As soon as it took power though, the Taliban imposed its strict interpretation of Islamic law on the country</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamid+Karzai&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-9267-5&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhamidkarzai0000abra%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skain-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skain_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkain2002" class="citation book cs1">Skain, Rosemarie (2002). <i>The women of Afghanistan under the Taliban</i>. McFarland. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1090-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1090-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-1090-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+women+of+Afghanistan+under+the+Taliban&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1090-3&rft.aulast=Skain&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maley2-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maley2_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaley2001" class="citation book cs1">Maley, William (2001). <i>Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban</i>. C Hurst & Co. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-360-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-360-8"><bdi>978-1-85065-360-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentalism+Reborn%3F+Afghanistan+and+the+Taliban&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=C+Hurst+%26+Co&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-360-8&rft.aulast=Maley&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaffer-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaffer_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2006" class="citation book cs1">Shaffer, Brenda (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/limitsofculturei0000unse/page/277"><i>The limits of culture: Islam and foreign policy</i></a> (illustrated ed.). MIT Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/limitsofculturei0000unse/page/277">277</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-69321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-69321-9"><bdi>978-0-262-69321-9</bdi></a>. <q>The Taliban's mindset is, however, equally if not more deaned by Pashtunwali</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+limits+of+culture%3A+Islam+and+foreign+policy&rft.pages=277&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-262-69321-9&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flimitsofculturei0000unse%2Fpage%2F277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_GerstenzanLisa_Getter2001" class="citation news cs1">James Gerstenzan; Lisa Getter (18 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-18-mn-5602-story.html">"Laura Bush Addresses State of Afghan Women"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Laura+Bush+Addresses+State+of+Afghan+Women&rft.date=2001-11-18&rft.au=James+Gerstenzan&rft.au=Lisa+Getter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-nov-18-mn-5602-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/a-woman-among-warlords/womens-rights-in-the-taliban-and-post-taliban-eras/66/">"Women's Rights in the Taliban and Post-Taliban Eras"</a>. <i>A Woman Among Warlords</i>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. 11 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Woman+Among+Warlords&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Rights+in+the+Taliban+and+Post-Taliban+Eras&rft.date=2007-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Fwideangle%2Fepisodes%2Fa-woman-among-warlords%2Fwomens-rights-in-the-taliban-and-post-taliban-eras%2F66%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bajoria-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bajoria_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bajoria_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBajoria2008" class="citation web cs1">Bajoria, Jayshree (6 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090514060717/http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1&hide=1&id=13611&filter=456">"Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F13611%2Fjayshree_bajoria%3Fgroupby%3D1%26hide%3D1%26id%3D13611%26filter%3D456">the original</a> on 14 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+New+Generation+of+Terrorists&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft.aulast=Bajoria&rft.aufirst=Jayshree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F15422%2Fpakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html%3Fbreadcrumb%3D%252Fbios%252F13611%252Fjayshree_bajoria%253Fgroupby%253D1%2526hide%253D1%2526id%253D13611%2526filter%253D456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abbash-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abbash_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abbash_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2008" class="citation journal cs1">Abbas, Hassan (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101073222/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17868/profile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html">"A Profile of Tehrik-I-Taliban Pakistan"</a>. <i>CTC Sentinel</i>. <b>1</b> (2). West Point, NY: <a href="/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center" title="Combating Terrorism Center">Combating Terrorism Center</a>: 1–4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17868/profile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html">the original</a> on 1 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTC+Sentinel&rft.atitle=A+Profile+of+Tehrik-I-Taliban+Pakistan&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=2008-01&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu%2Fpublication%2F17868%2Fprofile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gall2009327-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gall2009327_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gall2009327_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlotta_GallIsmail_KhanPir_Zubair_ShahTaimoor_Shah2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Gall" title="Carlotta Gall">Carlotta Gall</a>; Ismail Khan; <a href="/wiki/Pir_Zubair_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Zubair Shah">Pir Zubair Shah</a>; Taimoor Shah (26 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html">"Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistani+and+Afghan+Taliban+Unify+in+Face+of+U.S.+Influx&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.au=Carlotta+Gall&rft.au=Ismail+Khan&rft.au=Pir+Zubair+Shah&rft.au=Taimoor+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F03%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F27taliban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scott-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scott_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShane2009" class="citation news cs1">Shane, Scott (22 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/23/world/asia/23taliban.html">"Insurgents Share a Name, but Pursue Different Goals"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Insurgents+Share+a+Name%2C+but+Pursue+Different+Goals&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft.aulast=Shane&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F23%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F23taliban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raman-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raman_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Raman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isianalysis.blogspot.com/2009/04/musharrafs-ban-analysis-18-1-2002.html">"Musharraf's Ban: An Analysis"</a>, <i>South Asia Analysis Group </i>, Paper no. 395, 18 January 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,PAK,,440ed73f34,0.html">"Pakistan: The Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP), including its activities and status"</a>, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 26 July 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satp-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satp_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/Ssp.htm">"Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, Terrorist Group of Pakistan"</a>. <i>www.satp.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.satp.org&rft.atitle=Sipah-e-Sahaba+Pakistan%2C+Terrorist+Group+of+Pakistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fsatporgtp%2Fcountries%2Fpakistan%2Fterroristoutfits%2FSsp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cable-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cable_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/22/2009-southern-punjab-extremism-battle-between-haves-and-have-nots.html">"2009: Southern Punjab extremism battle between haves and have-nots"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. Pakistan. 22 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=2009%3A+Southern+Punjab+extremism+battle+between+haves+and+have-nots&rft.date=2011-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2F2011%2F05%2F22%2F2009-southern-punjab-extremism-battle-between-haves-and-have-nots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahmood2012" class="citation book cs1">Mahmood, Hamid (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamidmahmood.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/the-dissertation.pdf"><i>The Dars-e-Nizami and the Transnational Traditionalist Madaris in Britain</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 7, 17. <q>In the UK the Dār al-'Ulūm al-'Arabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah (Bury madrasa) and Jāmi'at ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury madrasa) are considered the 'Oxbridge' of the traditional madrasa world....The need for leadership and imams increased alongside the increasing number of Mosques and in 1975 the first madrasa was established in a village called Holcombe situated near Bury – known as Dār al-'Ulūm Bury or Bury Madrasa.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dars-e-Nizami+and+the+Transnational+Traditionalist+Madaris+in+Britain&rft.pages=7%2C+17&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=Hamid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamidmahmood.files.wordpress.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fthe-dissertation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReetz2011" class="citation book cs1">Reetz, Dietrich (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RWqjAoRGxUcC&pg=PA85">"The Tablīghī Madrassas in Lenasia and Azaadville: Local Players in the Global 'Islamic Field'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. In Tayob, Abdulkader; Niehaus, Inga; Weisse, Wolfram (eds.). <i>Muslim Schools and Education in Europe and South Africa</i>. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>: Waxmann Verlag. pp. 85–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-7554-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-7554-0"><bdi>978-3-8309-7554-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Tabl%C4%ABgh%C4%AB+Madrassas+in+Lenasia+and+Azaadville%3A+Local+Players+in+the+Global+%27Islamic+Field%27&rft.btitle=Muslim+Schools+and+Education+in+Europe+and+South+Africa&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=85-88&rft.pub=Waxmann+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-8309-7554-0&rft.aulast=Reetz&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRWqjAoRGxUcC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timol_2019-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Timol_2019_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimol2019" class="citation journal cs1">Timol, Riyaz (14 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10100573">"Structures of Organisation and Loci of Authority in a Glocal Islamic Movement: The Tablighi Jama'at in Britain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Religions_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religions (journal)">Religions</a></i>. <b>10</b> (10). <a href="/wiki/MDPI" title="MDPI">MDPI</a>: 573. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Frel10100573">10.3390/rel10100573</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religions&rft.atitle=Structures+of+Organisation+and+Loci+of+Authority+in+a+Glocal+Islamic+Movement%3A+The+Tablighi+Jama%27at+in+Britain&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=573&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Frel10100573&rft.aulast=Timol&rft.aufirst=Riyaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Frel10100573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohamed2002" class="citation journal cs1">Mohamed, Yasien (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/17556/ISIM_9_Islamic_Education_in_South_Africa.pdf?sequence=1">"Islamic Education in South Africa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ISIM Newsletter</i>. <b>9</b>: 30. <q>opportunities for studies were created locally when in 1971 the first Darul-Ulum was established in Newcastle, Kwazulu Natal. This Darul-Ulum was based on the Darsi-Nizami course from Deoband, India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISIM+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Islamic+Education+in+South+Africa&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Mohamed&rft.aufirst=Yasien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1887%2F17556%2FISIM_9_Islamic_Education_in_South_Africa.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eds._85,_101-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eds._85,_101_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulkader_Tayob2011" class="citation book cs1">Abdulkader Tayob; et al., eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116105719/http://www.zmo.de/dietrich/Reetz%202011%20South%20Africa.pdf"><i>Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Münster; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2554-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2554-5"><bdi>978-3-8309-2554-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zmo.de/dietrich/Reetz%202011%20South%20Africa.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>It became clear through field research by the author that Deobandi schools in several countries increasingly rely on graduates from Azaadville and Lenasia. The two schools and their graduates are functioning as network multiplicators between Deobandi schools worldwide.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+schools+and+education+in+Europe+and+South+Africa&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster%3B+M%C3%BCnchen+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=85%2C+101&rft.pub=Waxmann&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-8309-2554-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zmo.de%2Fdietrich%2FReetz%25202011%2520South%2520Africa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulkader_Tayob2011" class="citation book cs1">Abdulkader Tayob; et al., eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116105719/http://www.zmo.de/dietrich/Reetz%202011%20South%20Africa.pdf"><i>Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Münster; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2554-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2554-5"><bdi>978-3-8309-2554-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zmo.de/dietrich/Reetz%202011%20South%20Africa.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>The Islamic schools in Lenasia and Azaadville in South Africa represent prominent examples of schools that provide religious education in a format which is firmly rooted in traditions and interpretations of Islam originating outside South Africa. Established by the Muslim minority community of the country, the schools follow the Deobandi interpretation of Islam from South Asia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+schools+and+education+in+Europe+and+South+Africa&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster%3B+M%C3%BCnchen+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=85%2C+101&rft.pub=Waxmann&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-8309-2554-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zmo.de%2Fdietrich%2FReetz%25202011%2520South%2520Africa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zmo.de-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zmo.de_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulkader_Tayob2011" class="citation book cs1">Abdulkader Tayob; et al., eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116105719/http://www.zmo.de/dietrich/Reetz%202011%20South%20Africa.pdf"><i>Muslim schools and education in Europe and South Africa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Münster; München [u.a.]: Waxmann. pp. 85, 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2554-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-2554-5"><bdi>978-3-8309-2554-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zmo.de/dietrich/Reetz%202011%20South%20Africa.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>For the Tablighi Jama'at, the two schools are important switchboards for their preaching activities in South Africa, in Africa proper and around the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+schools+and+education+in+Europe+and+South+Africa&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster%3B+M%C3%BCnchen+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=85%2C+101&rft.pub=Waxmann&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-8309-2554-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zmo.de%2Fdietrich%2FReetz%25202011%2520South%2520Africa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-themuslim500.com_2012-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-themuslim500.com_2012_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-themuslim500.com_2012_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchleiferAl-MeheidAl-RawadiehAhmed2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Schleifer" title="Abdallah Schleifer">Schleifer, S. Abdallah</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minwer_al-Meheid" class="extiw" title="de:Minwer al-Meheid">Al-Meheid, Minwer</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Al-Rawadieh, AlMahdi; Ahmed, Aftab; Asfour, Zeinab, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TheMuslim500-2012-low.pdf"><i>The 500 Most Influential Muslims</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Islamic_Strategic_Studies_Centre" title="Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre">Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre</a> (4th ed.). Jordan: <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alwaleed_Bin_Talal_Center_for_Muslim-Christian_Understanding" title="Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding">Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding</a>. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9957-428-37-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9957-428-37-2"><bdi>978-9957-428-37-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913223248/http://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TheMuslim500-2012-low.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+500+Most+Influential+Muslims&rft.place=Jordan&rft.pages=110&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Prince+Alwaleed+Bin+Talal+Center+for+Muslim-Christian+Understanding&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9957-428-37-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themuslim500.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F05%2FTheMuslim500-2012-low.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-david-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-david_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Emmanuel_Singh" class="citation cs1">David Emmanuel Singh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124071539/http://www.ocms.ac.uk/docs/madrasas_deoband.pdf"><i>The Independent Madrasas of India: Dar al-'Ulum, Deoband and Nadvat al-'Ulama, Lucknow</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Mission_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Mission Studies">Oxford Centre for Mission Studies</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocms.ac.uk/docs/madrasas_deoband.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Independent+Madrasas+of+India%3A+Dar+al-%27Ulum%2C+Deoband+and+Nadvat+al-%27Ulama%2C+Lucknow&rft.pub=Oxford+Centre+for+Mission+Studies&rft.au=David+Emmanuel+Singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocms.ac.uk%2Fdocs%2Fmadrasas_deoband.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2006" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). <i>Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century</i>. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 35–37. <q>He began teaching the basic subjects and was regularly promoted until he became the head-teacher and the Shaykh al-Hadith. He served the Darul Uloom until 1914 (1333)...The Shaykh was very active politically as well. A movement known as Reshmi Roomal was formed in India to remove the British. He played a major role in advancing this movement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Scholars+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=35-37&rft.pub=Al-Kawthar+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Shoayb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Ghuddah1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abu Ghuddah, Abd al-Fattah (1997). <bdi lang="ar">تراجم ستة من فقهاء العالم الإسلامي في القرن الرابع عشر وآشارهم الفقهية</bdi> (in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-Basha'ir al-Islamiyyah. p. 15. <q>وكان أكبر كبارها وشيخ شيوخها الشيخ محمود حسن الديوبندي الملقب بشيخ العالم، والمعروف بشيخ الهند، وكان في الحديث الشريف مسند الوقت ورحلة الأقطار الهندية. (Trans. And the greatest of its [Dar al-Ulum Deoband's] great ones, and the shaykh of its shaykhs was Shaykh Mahmud Hasan al-Deobandi, who is entitled (al-mulaqqab) Shaykh al-'Aalam, and popularly known (al-ma'ruf bi) as Shaykh al-Hind. In regards to the noble Hadith, he was the authority of his time (musnid al-waqt), whom students traveled from all parts of India [to study with].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85+%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9+%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9+%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Dar+al-Basha%27ir+al-Islamiyyah&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Abu+Ghuddah&rft.aufirst=Abd+al-Fattah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf1992" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Barbara Daly (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perfectingwomenm00ashr/page/3"><i>Perfecting women : Maulana Ashraf ọAlī Thanawi's Bihishti zewar : a partial translation with commentary</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perfectingwomenm00ashr/page/3">3–4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-08093-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-08093-9"><bdi>0-520-08093-9</bdi></a>. <q>The Bihishti Zewar was written by Maulana Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi (1864–1943), a leader of the Deobandi reform movement that crystallized in north India in the late nineteenth century...Maulana Thanawi was an extraordinary successful exponent of reform.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perfecting+women+%3A+Maulana+Ashraf+%E1%BB%8DAl%C4%AB+Thanawi%27s+Bihishti+zewar+%3A+a+partial+translation+with+commentary&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-520-08093-9&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Daly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperfectingwomenm00ashr%2Fpage%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2006" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). <i>Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century</i>. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 68–70. <q>This great Hafiz of Hadith, excellent Hanafi jurist, legist, historian, linguist, poet, researcher and critic, Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri...He went to the biggest Islamic University inIndia, the Darul Uloom al-Islamiyah in Deoband...He contributed greatly to the Hanafi Madhab...He wrote many books, approximately 40...Many renowned and erudite scholars praised him and acknowledged his brilliance...Many accomplished scholars benefited from his vast knowledge.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Scholars+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=68-70&rft.pub=Al-Kawthar+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Shoayb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2006" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). <i>Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century</i>. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 215–216. <q>After Shaykh al-Hind's demise, he was unanimously acknowledged as his successor. ..He was the President of the Jamiat Al-Ulama-Hind for about twenty years...He taught Sahih Al-Bukhari for about thirty years. During his deanship, the strength of the students academically impred...About 4483 students graduated and obtained a continuous chain of transmission (sanad) in Hadith during his period.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Scholars+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=215-216&rft.pub=Al-Kawthar+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Shoayb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReetz2004" class="citation journal cs1">Reetz, Dietrich (2004). "Keeping Busy on the Path of Allah: The Self-Organisation (Intizam) of the Tablighi Jama'at". <i>Oriente Moderno</i>. <b>84</b> (1): 295–305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22138617-08401018">10.1163/22138617-08401018</a>. <q>In recent years, the Islamic missionary movement of the Tablighi Jama'at has attracted increasing attention, not only in South Asia, but around the globe...The Tablighi movement came into being in 1926 when Muhammad Ilyas (1885–1944) started preaching correct religious practices and observance of rituals...Starting with Ilyas' personal association with the Dar al-Ulum of Deoband, the movement has been supported by religious scholars, 'ulama', propagating the purist teachings of this seminary located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oriente+Moderno&rft.atitle=Keeping+Busy+on+the+Path+of+Allah%3A+The+Self-Organisation+%28Intizam%29+of+the+Tablighi+Jama%27at&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=295-305&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22138617-08401018&rft.aulast=Reetz&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2006" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). <i>Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century</i>. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 167–170. <q>He completed his formal education [from Deoband] in 1907 (1325) with specialization in Hadith. Thereafter he taught for some time at the Dar al-Uloom Deoband...He supported the resolution for the independence of Pakistan and assisted Muhammad Ali Jinnah...He was given the task of hoisting the flag of Pakistan...Due to his tremendous effort, the first constitution of Pakistan was based on the Quraan and Sunnah...Fath Al-Mulhim bi Sharh Sahih Muslim. Even though he passed away before being able to complete the book it was accepted and praised by many renowned scholars. These include Shaykh Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari and Shaykh Anwar Shah Kashmiri.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Scholars+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=167-170&rft.pub=Al-Kawthar+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Shoayb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsmani2011" class="citation web cs1">Usmani, Muhammad Taqi (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deoband.org/2011/12/history/biographies-of-scholars/shaykh-muhammad-shafi%E2%80%98-the-mufti-of-pakistan/">"Shaykh Mufti Muhammad Shafi': The Grand Mufti of Pakistan"</a>. <i>Deoband.org</i>. Translated by Rahman, Zameelur<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>The scholar of great learning, Shaykh Mufti Muhammad Shafi' (Allah Almighty have mercy on him), is counted amongst the leading 'ulama of India and Pakistan...He completed his studies in the year 1325 H, and because he was from the advanced students in the period of his studies, the teachers of the Dar al-'Ulum selected him to become a teacher there...the teachers appointed him as the head of the Fatwa Department at Dar al-'Ulum...Ma'arif al-Qur'an. This is a valuable exegesis of the Noble Qur'an which Shaykh [Muhammad Shafi'] compiled in the Urdu language in 8 large volumes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deoband.org&rft.atitle=Shaykh+Mufti+Muhammad+Shafi%27%3A+The+Grand+Mufti+of+Pakistan&rft.date=2011-12&rft.aulast=Usmani&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Taqi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deoband.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fhistory%2Fbiographies-of-scholars%2Fshaykh-muhammad-shafi%25E2%2580%2598-the-mufti-of-pakistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBashir2013" class="citation book cs1">Bashir, Aamir (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116105809/https://ilmresources.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/shariat-tariqat-study-of-deobandi-understanding-practice-of-tasawwuf.pdf"><i>Shari'at and Tariqat: A Study of the Deobandi Understanding and Practice of Tasawwuf</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dar al-Sa'adah Publications. p. 117. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilmresources.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/shariat-tariqat-study-of-deobandi-understanding-practice-of-tasawwuf.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>Muhammad Zakariyya can be termed as the "Reviver of Deobandi tasawwuf." He is the last in the long line of prominent scholar Sufis who epitomized Deobandi characteristics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shari%27at+and+Tariqat%3A+A+Study+of+the+Deobandi+Understanding+and+Practice+of+Tasawwuf&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Dar+al-Sa%27adah+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bashir&rft.aufirst=Aamir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filmresources.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F07%2Fshariat-tariqat-study-of-deobandi-understanding-practice-of-tasawwuf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-MahmudHasan2008" class="citation book cs1">al-Mahmud, A.H.; Hasan, Syed Mahmudul (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AllamaFulbari/page/n79"><i>সননাতে নববীর মরত পরতীক: মাওলানা আবদল মতিন চৌধরী শাযখে ফলবাডী রাহ</i></a>. pp. 78–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%3A+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8+%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87+%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9&rft.pages=78-81&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=al-Mahmud&rft.aufirst=A.H.&rft.au=Hasan%2C+Syed+Mahmudul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAllamaFulbari%2Fpage%2Fn79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305225117/http://www.pirsahebcharmonai.com/">"পীর সাহেব চরমোনাই"</a> [Pir Saheb Charmonai]. 5 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pirsahebcharmonai.com/">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC+%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87&rft.date=2016-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pirsahebcharmonai.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2020/09/18/shah-ahmed-shafi-chief-of-bangladesh-islamist-group-hifazat-e-islam-dies">"Shah Ahmed Shafi, chief of Bangladesh Islamist group Hifazat-e Islam, dies"</a>. <i>bdnews24.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bdnews24.com&rft.atitle=Shah+Ahmed+Shafi%2C+chief+of+Bangladesh+Islamist+group+Hifazat-e+Islam%2C+dies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdnews24.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2020%2F09%2F18%2Fshah-ahmed-shafi-chief-of-bangladesh-islamist-group-hifazat-e-islam-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdchronicle.com/detail/news/32/25208">"Noted Islamic scholar Mufti Abdur Rahman passes away"</a>. <i>BD Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151112173257/http://www.bdchronicle.com/detail/news/32/25208">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BD+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Noted+Islamic+scholar+Mufti+Abdur+Rahman+passes+away&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdchronicle.com%2Fdetail%2Fnews%2F32%2F25208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Abdallah_Schleifer2012" class="citation book cs1">S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). <i>The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims</i>. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 69. <q>Leader of the Pakistan chapter of the Tablighi Jamaat [...] Hajji Abd al-Wahhab is a prominent Pakistani scholar with a significant following in South Asia and the United Kingdom...Abd al-Wahhab's work[...] stems from the prominent Islamic institution Darul Uloom Deoband, in India, where the latter studied before establishing a following in Pakistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+500%3A+The+World%27s+500+Most+Influential+Muslims&rft.place=Amman&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=The+Royal+Islamic+Strategic+Studies+Centre&rft.date=2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190817162703/http://jamiagohorpur.com/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A/"><bdi lang="bn">আললামা গহরপরী পরিচিতি</bdi></a>. <i>jamiagohorpur.com</i> (in Bengali). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamiagohorpur.com/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A/">the original</a> on 17 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jamiagohorpur.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjamiagohorpur.com%2F%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE-%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2580-%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2583%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%259A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamicacademy.eu">Islamic Academy of Manchester</a> The Islamic Academy of Manchester</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamran2003" class="citation news cs1">Kamran, Mohammad (3 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020155016/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_3-12-2003_pg7_27">"SC Shariat Bench to hear appeal on presidential remissions today"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. Pakistan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_3-12-2003_pg7_27">the original</a> on 20 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=SC+Shariat+Bench+to+hear+appeal+on+presidential+remissions+today&rft.date=2003-12-03&rft.aulast=Kamran&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3Dstory_3-12-2003_pg7_27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Abdallah_Schleifer2012" class="citation book cs1">S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). <i>The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims</i>. 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id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman" class="citation book cs1">Rahman, Azizur-. (Translated by Muhammad Shameem) (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140124133538/http://www.darululoomkarachi.edu.pk/ucms/books/Taaruf/(03)%20Taaruf%20English.pdf"><i>Introducing Darul-'Uloom Karachi</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Public Information Department: Darul Uloom Karachi. p. 21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darululoomkarachi.edu.pk/ucms/books/Taaruf/(03)%20Taaruf%20English.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Darul-%27Uloom+Karachi&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Public+Information+Department%3A+Darul+Uloom+Karachi&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Azizur-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darululoomkarachi.edu.pk%2Fucms%2Fbooks%2FTaaruf%2F%2803%29%2520Taaruf%2520English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albalagh.net/taqi.shtml">"Mufti Taqi Usmani"</a>. <i>Albalagh</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albalagh&rft.atitle=Mufti+Taqi+Usmani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albalagh.net%2Ftaqi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Abdallah_Schleifer2012" class="citation book cs1">S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). <i>The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims</i>. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 89. <q>Leading scholar for the Deobandis...Usmani is very important as a figurehead in the Deobandi movement</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+500%3A+The+World%27s+500+Most+Influential+Muslims&rft.place=Amman&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=The+Royal+Islamic+Strategic+Studies+Centre&rft.date=2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thedailynewnation.com/news/46221/sylhet---renowned--islamic-scholar-allama-nurul-islam-olipuri-speaking-at-the--first-day-of-the-three-daylong-tafsirul-quran-mahfil-as-chief-guest-in-sylhet--organised-by-khademul-quran-parishad-sylhet-recently.html">"Sylhet: Renowned Islamic scholar Allama Nurul Islam Olipuri speaking at the first day of the three daylong Tafsirul Quran Mahfil as Chief Guest in Sylhet organised by Khademul Quran Parishad, Sylhet recently"</a>. <i>The New Nation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Nation&rft.atitle=Sylhet%3A+Renowned+Islamic+scholar+Allama+Nurul+Islam+Olipuri+speaking+at+the+first+day+of+the+three+daylong+Tafsirul+Quran+Mahfil+as+Chief+Guest+in+Sylhet+organised+by+Khademul+Quran+Parishad%2C+Sylhet+recently.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthedailynewnation.com%2Fnews%2F46221%2Fsylhet---renowned--islamic-scholar-allama-nurul-islam-olipuri-speaking-at-the--first-day-of-the-three-daylong-tafsirul-quran-mahfil-as-chief-guest-in-sylhet--organised-by-khademul-quran-parishad-sylhet-recently.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Abdallah_Schleifer2012" class="citation book cs1">S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). <i>The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims</i>. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 134. <q>He has been very effective in influencing all types of the communities ranging from businessmen and landlords to ministers and sports celebrities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+500%3A+The+World%27s+500+Most+Influential+Muslims&rft.place=Amman&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=The+Royal+Islamic+Strategic+Studies+Centre&rft.date=2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChimp_Corps2021" class="citation web cs1">Chimp Corps (28 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chimpreports.com/kyankwanzi-president-museveni-mufti-menk-discuss-unity-in-diversity/">"Kyankwanzi: President Museveni, Mufti Menk Discuss 'Unity in Diversity'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ChimpReports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428073826/https://chimpreports.com/kyankwanzi-president-museveni-mufti-menk-discuss-unity-in-diversity/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChimpReports&rft.atitle=Kyankwanzi%3A+President+Museveni%2C+Mufti+Menk+Discuss+%27Unity+in+Diversity%27&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft.au=Chimp+Corps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchimpreports.com%2Fkyankwanzi-president-museveni-mufti-menk-discuss-unity-in-diversity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-executions-idUSKCN10H0A8">"Iranian Sunni cleric says executions may inflame regional tensions"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 6 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iranian+Sunni+cleric+says+executions+may+inflame+regional+tensions&rft.date=2016-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-executions-idUSKCN10H0A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deoband2-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deoband2_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deoband.net/blogs/pir-zulfiqar-naqdhbandi-to-visit-deoband-in-april">"Pir Zulfiqar Naqshbandi Visits Darul Uloom Deoband"</a>. <i>deoband.net</i>. 9 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=deoband.net&rft.atitle=Pir+Zulfiqar+Naqshbandi+Visits+Darul+Uloom+Deoband&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deoband.net%2Fblogs%2Fpir-zulfiqar-naqdhbandi-to-visit-deoband-in-april&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:32_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meforum.org/daniel-haqiqatjou-why-islam-is-the-solution-to">"Daniel Haqiqatjou: Why Islam Is the Solution to 'Liberalism'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Middle East Forum</i>. 27 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Forum&rft.atitle=Daniel+Haqiqatjou%3A+Why+Islam+Is+the+Solution+to+%27Liberalism%27&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2Fdaniel-haqiqatjou-why-islam-is-the-solution-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14781913/2009/99/3">"Special Issue:A Special Issue on The Deoband Madrasa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Issue%3AA+Special+Issue+on+The+Deoband+Madrasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Ftoc%2F14781913%2F2009%2F99%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasif_Dehlavi1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hafizur_Rahman_Wasif_Dehlavi" title="Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi">Wasif Dehlavi, Hafizur Rahman</a> (1970). <i>Jamī'at-i Ulamā par ek tārīk̲h̲ī tabṣirah</i> [<i>A Historical Review the Jamiat Ulama</i>] (in Urdu). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16907808">16907808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jam%C4%AB%27at-i+Ulam%C4%81+par+ek+t%C4%81r%C4%ABk%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%AB+tab%E1%B9%A3irah&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16907808&rft.aulast=Wasif+Dehlavi&rft.aufirst=Hafizur+Rahman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeobandi+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deobandi_movement&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Deobandi_movement" title="Template:Deobandi movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Deobandi_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Deobandi movement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Deobandi_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Deobandi movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deobandi_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deobandi movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology and influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dars-i_Nizami" title="Dars-i Nizami">Dars-i Nizami</a></li> <li>Theology: <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a></li> <li>Fiqh: <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_fiqh" title="Deobandi fiqh">Deobandi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders and key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_Saharanpuri" title="Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri">Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yaqub_Nanautawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi">Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi">Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Idris_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi">Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandis" title="List of Deobandis">More</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement_in_Iran" title="Deobandi movement in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement_in_South_Africa" title="Deobandi movement in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Darul_uloom" title="Darul uloom">Darul ulooms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Karachi" title="Darul Uloom Karachi">Darul Uloom Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazahir_Uloom" title="Mazahir Uloom">Mazahir Uloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deobandi universities">List of Deobandi universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_madrasas" title="List of Deobandi madrasas">List of Deobandi madrasas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centres (markaz) of <a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhopal_Markaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhopal Markaz (page does not exist)">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewsbury_Markaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewsbury Markaz">Dewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhaka_Markaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhaka Markaz (page does not exist)">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerul_Markaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerul Markaz">Nerul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Markaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizamuddin Markaz">Nizamuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiwind_Markaz" title="Raiwind Markaz">Raiwind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Personal_Law_Board" title="All India Muslim Personal Law Board">All India Muslim Personal Law Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Qawmi_Madrasa_Education_Commission" title="Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasa Education Commission">Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasa Education Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Fiqh_Academy,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Fiqh Academy, India">Islamic Fiqh Academy, India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Deobandi_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of Deobandi Movement">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revival_in_British_India" title="Islamic Revival in British India">Islamic Revival in British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_from_Below" title="Revival from Below">Revival from Below</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deoband_School_And_The_Demand_For_Pakistan" title="The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan">The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Deobandi_movement%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Deobandi movement–related articles">Index of related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deoband%E2%80%93Aligarh_relations" title="Deoband–Aligarh relations">Deoband–Aligarh relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Deobandi_movement" title="Category:Deobandi movement">Category:Deobandi movement</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Darul_Uloom_Deoband" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Template:Darul Uloom Deoband"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Template talk:Darul Uloom Deoband"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Darul Uloom Deoband"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Darul_Uloom_Deoband" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_Nanautawi" title="Yaqub Nanautawi">Yaqub Nanautawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiuddin_Deobandi" title="Rafiuddin Deobandi">Rafiuddin Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Fazlur Rahman Usmani">Fazlur Rahman Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulfiqar_Ali_Deobandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi (page does not exist)">Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice-Chancellors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad">Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marghubur_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Marghubur Rahman">Marghubur Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Qasim_Nomani" title="Abul Qasim Nomani">Abul Qasim Nomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiuddin_Deobandi" title="Rafiuddin Deobandi">Rafiuddin Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammad_Vastanvi" title="Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi">Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband">Category:Academic staff of Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alumni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband_alumni" title="List of Darul Uloom Deoband alumni">List of Darul Uloom Deoband alumni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi‎</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Da%27watul_Haq" title="Da'watul Haq">Da'watul Haq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Darul_Uloom" title="Monthly Darul Uloom">Monthly Darul Uloom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Da%27i" title="Al-Da'i">Al-Da'i</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darulifta-Deoband.com" title="Darulifta-Deoband.com">Darulifta-Deoband.com</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatawa_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband">Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="History of Darul Uloom Deoband">History of Darul Uloom Deoband</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Bibliography of Darul Uloom Deoband">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centenary_Celebration_of_Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Centenary Celebration of Darul Uloom Deoband">Centenary Celebration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deobandi movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Deobandi_movement%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Deobandi movement–related articles">Index of Deobandi movement–related articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar-e-Qasmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-e-Qasmi">Mazar-e-Qasmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Category:Darul Uloom Deoband">Category:Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_topics" title="Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_topics" title="Template talk:Islam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Islam" title="Outline of Islam">Outline of Islam</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God in Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">In Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revelation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Qadar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holiest sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Sawm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_leaders" title="Islamic religious leaders">Leaders</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam" title="Timeline of the history of Islam">Timeline of the history of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Early conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam" title="Historiography of early Islam">Historiography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shi'a Imams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate"><i>Rashidun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Religious texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Seerah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Story of Prophets</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazili">Mu'tazili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Bektashi Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a></li> <li>Moderate Kharijites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam#Wahbi_school" title="Ibadi Islam">Wahbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qurban_(Islamic_ritual_sacrifice)" title="Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)">Qurbani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="LawJurisprudence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Jurisprudence</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">Economic history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Marriage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Sex</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Marriage contract</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Nikah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">Death penalty</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabiĥa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war in Islam">POWs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sources of sharia">Sources of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_theological_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theological jurisprudence">Theological</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Schools of islamic jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Islamic_studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Alchemy and chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world">Geography and cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Ophthalmology in the medieval Islamic world">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Theological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_evolution" title="Islamic views on evolution">Creationism (evolution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Psychology in the medieval Islamic world">Psychology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shu%27ubiyya" title="Shu'ubiyya">Shu'ubiyya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion to mosques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span>Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Mormonism" title="Islam and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Islam" title="Protestantism and Islam">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Relationship_with_Muslims" title="Druze">Druzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims" title="Ex-Muslims">Ex-Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" title="List of former Muslims">List of former Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" title="List of ex-Muslim organisations">List of ex-Muslim organisations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Muslim">Cultural Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" title="Islamic view of miracles">Islamic view of miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" title="Islam and domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" title="Nursing in Islam">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Quran and miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" title="Symbols of Islam">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamism" title="Template talk:Islamism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism_in_Iran" title="Islamic fundamentalism in Iran">Shia Islamism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_governance" title="Islamic governance">Islamic governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_democracy" title="Islam and democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_monarchy" title="Islamic monarchy">Islamic monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamistan" title="Islamistan">Islamistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge" title="Islamization of knowledge">of knowledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">Shura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_model" title="Turkish model">Turkish model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Ummah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Socio-political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_Britain" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain">in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_in_Central_Asia" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia">in Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">Islamic Defenders Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt">in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">Political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">Freedom and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Algeria_Alliance" title="Green Algeria Alliance">Green Algeria Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahda" title="Ennahda">Ennahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Constitutional_Movement" title="Islamic Constitutional Movement">Hadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front" title="Islamic Salvation Front">Islamic Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamiat-e Islami">Jamiat-e Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Construction_Party" title="Justice and Construction Party">Justice and Construction Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)" title="Justice and Development Party (Morocco)">Justice and Development Party (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_Party_(Sudan)" title="National Congress Party (Sudan)">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iraqi_Alliance" title="National Iraqi Alliance">National Iraqi Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Alliance" title="Fatah Alliance">Fatah Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Law_Coalition" title="State of Law Coalition">State of Law Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Action_Front" title="Islamic Action Front">Islamic Action Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">United Arab List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Ansar Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Islamic modernism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political leaders</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani" title="Jamal al-Din al-Afghani">Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi" title="Rached Ghannouchi">Rached Ghannouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi" title="Safwat Hegazi">Safwat Hegazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C4%87" title="Alija Izetbegović">Alija Izetbegović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi">Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani" title="Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani">Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan" title="Tariq Ramadan">Tariq Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Abu_Rashta" title="Ata Abu Rashta">Ata Abu Rashta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi" title="Hassan al-Turabi">Hassan al-Turabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizieq_Shihab" title="Rizieq Shihab">Rizieq Shihab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Salafi_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties#Salafist" title="List of Islamic political parties">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Asalah" title="Al Asalah">Al Asalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_Party" title="Authenticity Party">Authenticity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nour_Party" title="Al-Nour Party">Al-Nour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_Bloc" title="Islamist Bloc">Islamist Bloc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Party" title="People Party">People Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Kashgar_Party" title="Young Kashgar Party">Young Kashgar Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Prominent_Salafi_scholars_by_country" title="Salafi movement">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safar_al-Hawali" title="Safar al-Hawali">Safar al-Hawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Al-Munajjid" title="Muhammad Al-Munajjid">Muhammad Al-Munajjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Naik" title="Zakir Naik">Zakir Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Tamimi" title="Ali al-Tamimi">Ali al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism" title="International propagation of Salafism">International propagation of Salafism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police" title="Islamic religious police">Islamic religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi%E2%80%93Sufi_relations" title="Salafi–Sufi relations">Salafi–Sufi relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Militant_Islamism/Jihadism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Militant Islamism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Militant Islamism based in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East">MENA region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">in North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada" title="Hibatullah Akhundzada">Hibatullah Akhundzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam" title="Abdullah Yusuf Azzam">Abdullah Yusuf Azzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour" title="Akhtar Mansour">Akhtar Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mullah Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhayman_al-Otaybi" title="Juhayman al-Otaybi">Juhayman al-Otaybi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Islam and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam" title="The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam"><i>Reconstruction</i> (Iqbal, 1930s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hadith_of_Ruhullah_Khomeini" title="Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini"><i>Forty Hadith</i> (Khomeini, 1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam" title="The Principles of State and Government in Islam"> <i>Principles</i> (Asad, 1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestones_(book)" title="Milestones (book)"><i>Milestones</i> (Qutb, 1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government" title="Islamic Government"><i>Islamic Government</i> (Khomeini, 1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration"><i>Islamic Declaration</i> (Izetbegović, 1969-1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(Gaddafi)" title="The Green Book (Gaddafi)"> <i>The Green Book</i> (Gaddafi, 1975)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Historical<br /> events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Arab_and_Islamic_Congress" title="Popular Arab and Islamic Congress">Popular Arab and Islamic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Campaign" title="Faith Campaign">Faith Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary Islamic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_modernity" title="Islam and modernity">Islamic response to modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_and_Islamic_terrorism_in_the_Balkans" title="Islamism and Islamic terrorism in the Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamism in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_Sudan" title="Islamism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islamism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Islam in <a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Islam in South Asia">South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism_in_North_Africa" title="Template:Islamism in North Africa">North Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #03C03C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maturidi" title="Template talk:Maturidi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidi school of Sunni theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Maturidis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis">Maturidi scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 342 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 396 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Abu Zayd al-Dabusi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (d. 464 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yūsuf Balasaguni</a> (d. 469 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 482 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 483 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th AH/11th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (d. 535 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Ahmad Yasawi</a> (d. 561 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din (died 1174)">Nur al-Din Zengi</a> (d. 569 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 575 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 587 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th AH/12th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. beginning of the 6th century AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa</a> (d. 624 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (d. 632 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (d. 633 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_ed-Din_al-Boharsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi">Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi</a> (d. 659 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (d. 664 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a> (d. 671 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th AH/13th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> (d. 711 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (d. 725 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a> (d. 791 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a> (d. 800 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th AH/14th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Bande Nawaz</a> (d. 825 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (d. 834 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_al-Charkhi" title="Yaqub al-Charkhi">Yaqub al-Charkhi</a> (d. 851 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Arabshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Arabshah">Ahmad ibn Arabshah</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d. 855 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bistami" title="Ali al-Bistami">Ali al-Bistami</a> (d. 874 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">'Ali al-Qushji</a> (d. 879 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a> (d. 895 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th AH/15th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a> (d. 906 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Husayn Kashifi</a> (d. 910 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (d. 940 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (d. 943 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (d. 955 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a> (d. 968 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (d. 980 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th AH/16th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Baqi_Billah" title="Khwaja Baqi Billah">Khwaja Baqi Billah</a> (d. 1011 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari</a> (d. 1025 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hudayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Hudayi">Mahmud Hudayi</a> (d. 1037 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (d. 1052 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Mahmud_Jaunpuri" title="Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri">Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1061 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti</a> (d. 1067 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. around 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (d. 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (d. 1069 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (d. 1081 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th AH/17th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. around 1123 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haqqi_Bursevi" title="Ismail Haqqi Bursevi">Ismail Haqqi Bursevi</a> (d. 1127 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (d. 1131 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Zhi of Nanjing</a> (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom_Muhammad_Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi">Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi</a> (d. 1174 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Erzurumi" title="İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi">İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi</a> (d. 1193 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (d. 1195 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th AH/18th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelenbevi_Ismail_Efendi" title="Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi">Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi</a> (d. 1204 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (d. 1225 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabdennasir_Qursawi" title="Ghabdennasir Qursawi">Ghabdennasir Qursawi</a> (d. 1226 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Shah Ismail Dehlvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (d. 1267 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th AH/19th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eihabetdin_M%C3%A4rcani" title="Şihabetdin Märcani">Shihab al-Din al-Marjani</a> (d. 1306 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi</a> (d. 1308 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giritli_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Pasha" title="Giritli Sırrı Pasha">Giritli Sırrı Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (d. 1317 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abai_Qunanbaiuly" title="Abai Qunanbaiuly">Abai Qunanbaiuly</a> (d. 1321 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (d. 1330 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Anwaarullah_Farooqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui">Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui</a> (d. 1335 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (d. 1338 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1340 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakarim_Qudayberdiuli" title="Shakarim Qudayberdiuli">Shakarim Qudayberdiuli</a> (d. 1344 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhit_al-Muti%27i" title="Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i">Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Aliye_Topuz" title="Fatma Aliye Topuz">Fatma Aliye Topuz</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (d. 1356 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (d. 1364 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Bigiev" title="Musa Bigiev">Musa Bigiev</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1373 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Husayn Ahmad al-Madani</a> (d. 1377 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan</a> (d. 1378 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Nasuhi_Bilmen" title="Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen">Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen</a> (d. 1391 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (d. 1394 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi%27_Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th AH/20th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi</a> (d. 1403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (d. 1409 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-%27Azmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi">Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi</a> (d. 1412 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Muhammad Ayyub Ali</a> (d. 1415 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1428 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (d. 1436 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Muhammad Salim Qasmi</a> (d. 1439 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (d. 1441 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi%27_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rafi' Usmani">Muhammad Rafi' Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husein_Kavazovi%C4%87" title="Husein Kavazović">Husein Kavazović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Mezhiev" title="Salah Mezhiev">Salah Mezhiev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/150px-Imammaturidi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/225px-Imammaturidi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/300px-Imammaturidi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Maturidi" title="Tafsir al-Maturidi">Tafsir al-Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">'Aqa'id al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkhis_al-Adilla" title="Talkhis al-Adilla">Talkhis al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Kutadgu Bilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Mazhari" title="Tafsir al-Mazhari">Tafsir al-Mazhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_ul-Haqq" title="Izhar ul-Haqq">Izhar ul-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_ala_al-Mufannad" title="Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad">Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_D%C4%ABni_Kur%27an_Dili" title="Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili">Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedimu" title="Gedimu">Gedimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Maturidi-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Template:Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_theology" title="Template talk:Islamic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="FieldsTheologiansBooks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Fields</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></li><li>Books</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">‘Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Logic in Islamic philosophy">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Peace in Islamic philosophy">Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">al-Ash'ari</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfara%27ini" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Aqil" title="Ibn Aqil">Ibn Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Gharnati" title="Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati">Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn Arafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari_al-Tilmisani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani">Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi">Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn Ashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bah%C5%ABt%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bahūtī">Al-Bahūtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Hassan_al-Yusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi">Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Illish" class="mw-redirect" title="'Illish">'Illish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools">Sunni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafiyah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Maliki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi‘i</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Al-Maturidi</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Nasafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">Al-Maydani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariya_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%27til" title="Ta'til">Mu'attila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Dscha%CA%BFd_ibn_Dirham" class="extiw" title="de:al-Dschaʿd ibn Dirham">Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabriyah">Mu'jbira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahm_bin_Safwan" title="Jahm bin Safwan">Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahmi">Jahmīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Mu'jassimā</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>ī (Muqātilīyya)</li> <li>Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-<a href="/wiki/Juzjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Juzjan">Juzjan</a>ī al-<a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kūf</a>ī <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Jawālikīyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Rum</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Karram" title="Ibn Karram">Ibn Karram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karramiyya</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī an-<a href="/wiki/Nabati" title="Nabati">Nabati</a> al-Qībtī (<a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murjī</a>-<a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazila">Mu'tazila</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Wasil_ibn_%27Ata%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasil ibn 'Ata'">Wasil ibn 'Ata'</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Nazzam" title="Ibrahim al-Nazzam">Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām</a> (Nazzāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm</li> <li>Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)</li> <li>Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jubba%27i" title="Al-Jubba'i">Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī</a> (Jubbāīyya)</li> <li>Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Harb</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jahiz" title="Al-Jahiz">Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī</a> (Jāhizīyya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husayn_al-Basri" title="Abu al-Husayn al-Basri">Abu al-Husayn al-Basri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Al-Zamakhshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_Ubayd" title="Amr ibn Ubayd">Amr ibn Ubayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Hadid" title="Ibn Abi'l-Hadid">Ibn Abi'l-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_ibn_Abbad" title="Sahib ibn Abbad">Sahib ibn Abbad</a></li> <li>Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neccariyye" class="extiw" title="tr:Neccariyye">Najjārīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard</li> <li>Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)</li> <li>Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)</li> <li>Mustadrakīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibnul_Qayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibnul Qayyim">Ibnul Qayyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawkani" title="Al-Shawkani">Al-Shawkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Fawzan" title="Saleh Al-Fawzan">Saleh Al-Fawzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubair_Ali_Zai" title="Zubair Ali Zai">Zubair Ali Zai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safar_Al-Hawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Safar Al-Hawali">Safar Al-Hawali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Jihadism">Salafi Jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Umar_al-Hazimi" title="Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi">Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazimism" title="Hazimism">Hazimism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Qadhi" title="Yasir Qadhi">Yasir Qadhi</a> <ul><li>Post-Salafism</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Ali al-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">Muhammad al-Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Al-Mufid" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid">Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al-Murtaza" title="Sharif al-Murtaza">Sharif al-Murtaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tusi" title="Shaykh Tusi">Shaykh Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah_Al-Hilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Allamah Al-Hilli">Allamah Al-Hilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Baqer_Majlesi" title="Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi">Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurarah_ibn_A%27yan" title="Zurarah ibn A'yan">Zurarah ibn A'yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham ibn Hakam">Hisham ibn Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Zia_ol_Din_Araghi" title="Agha Zia ol Din Araghi">Agha Zia ol Din Araghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_Sobhani" title="Ja'far Sobhani">Ja'far Sobhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilayat_al-faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayat al-faqih">Wilayat al-faqih</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_al-Sijistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani">Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fawaris_Ahmad_ibn_Ya%27qub" title="Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub">Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Dhikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Imad_al-Din" title="Idris Imad al-Din">Idris Imad al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid">Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydi Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Jarud_al-Hamdani" title="Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani">Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Isa_ibn_Zayd" title="Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd">Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qasim al-Rassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_al-Qasim" title="Al-Mansur al-Qasim">Al-Mansur al-Qasim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Sunni books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divan-i_Shams-i_Tabrizi" title="Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi">Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">The Moderation in Belief</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shia_books" title="List of Shia books">Shia books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/E%CA%BFteq%C4%81d%C4%81tal-Em%C4%81m%C4%ABya" title="Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya">Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Amali_(of_Shaykh_Saduq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq)">Al-Amali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisal" title="Al-Khisal">Al-Khisal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awail_Al_Maqalat" title="Awail Al Maqalat">Awail Al Maqalat</a></i></li> <li><i>Tashih al-I'tiqad</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tajrid_al-I%27tiqad" title="Tajrid al-I'tiqad">Tajrid al-I'tiqad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity" title="Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity">Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Majmu" title="Kitab al-Majmu">Kitab al-Majmu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alawis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawis">Alawis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-kitab_(Shi%27i_book)" title="Umm al-kitab (Shi'i book)">Umm al-kitab</a> of <a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li Isma'ilism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early Muslim scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_Muslim_scholars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam">List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islamic_schools_and_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kullabiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kullab" title="Ibn Kullab">Ibn Kullab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abu_Ya%27la" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la">Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Abdullah_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Abdullah Ansari">Khwaja Abdullah Ansari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Dawud al-Zahiri">Dawud al-Zahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Political_trends_within_Salafism" title="Salafi movement">Other Salafi trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Modernism">Salafi Modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri">Muhammad bin Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqrizi">Maqrizi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_ar-Ra%27y" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl ar-Ra'y">Ahl ar-Ra'y</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ilm_al-Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilm al-Kalam">Ilm al-Kalam</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Malikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'is</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Raza Khan">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Zaydism" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarudiyya" title="Jarudiyya">Jarudiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batriyya" title="Batriyya">Batriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alid dynasties of northern Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Utrush" title="Hasan al-Utrush">Hasan al-Utrush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Umar">Yahya ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Zaydi_Shia_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukayniyya_Shia" title="Dukayniyya Shia">Dukayniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalafiyya_Shia" title="Khalafiyya Shia">Khalafiyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shi%27a_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdiist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shi%27ite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ite">Shi'ite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sects_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sects in Islam">Sects in</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Twelvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Twelvers">Theology of Twelvers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Haydar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Haydar">Sheikh Haydar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Ismail">Shah Ismail</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pir_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Sultan">Pir Sultan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kul_Nes%C3%AEm%C3%AE" title="Kul Nesîmî">Kul Nesîmî</a> – <a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">Safavid Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulat" title="Ghulat">Ghulat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%A3%C4%ABb%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṣībī">al-Khaṣībī</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nusayr" title="Ibn Nusayr">ibn Nusayr</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Astarabadi" title="Fazlallah Astarabadi">Astarabadi (Naimi)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Imadaddin_Nasimi" title="Imadaddin Nasimi">Imadaddin Nasimi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Baktāshism_(Bektaşilik)" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Baktāshism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demir_Baba_Teke" title="Demir Baba Teke">Demir Bābā</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Rexheb" title="Baba Rexheb">Bābā Rexheb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arabati_Baba_Te%E1%B8%B1e" title="Arabati Baba Teḱe">Hārābātīs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathite" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathite">Fathite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Aftah" title="Abdallah al-Aftah">Abdallah al-Aftah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Batiniyyah">Batiniyyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Sevener</a> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Muqtana" title="Baha al-Din al-Muqtana">Baha al-Din al-Muqtana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ad-Darazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Darazi">ad-Darazi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druzes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Fatimids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohras" title="Alavi Bohras">Alavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw_al-Qubadiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani">Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Nizari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan-i_Sabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan-i Sabbah">Hassan-i Sabbah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nizaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizaris">Nizaris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khojas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojas">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kaysanites_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysanites Shia">Kaysanites<br />Shia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtār</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Amra_Kaysan" title="Abu Amra Kaysan">Abū ʿAmra Kaysān</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hashimiyya</a> <ul><li>Hārbīyya <ul><li>ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi</li> <li>Janāhiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Mu%27awiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya">Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya</a></li> <li>Hārithīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Riyāhīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Sam‘ānīyya <ul><li>Bayān ibn Sam‘ān</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawendis" title="Rawendis">Rawendis</a> <ul><li>Rezāmīyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunpadh" title="Sunpadh">Sunpadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥammirah">Muḥammirah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin" title="Babak Khorramdin">Babak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazyar" title="Mazyar">Mazyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqanna" title="Al-Muqanna">al-Muqanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_al-Turk" title="Ishaq al-Turk">Ishaq al-Turk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khashabiyya_Shia" title="Khashabiyya Shia">Khashabiyya Shia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other <a href="/wiki/Mahdiist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdiist">Mahdiists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An-Nafs_Az-Zakiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah">An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurufiyya">Hurufiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Pasikhani" title="Mahmoud Pasikhani">Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuktawiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuktawiyya">Nuktawiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shayki">Shayki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuqta-yi_Ula" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuqta-yi Ula">Nuqta-yi Ula</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bis#Antecedents" class="mw-redirect" title="Bábis">Bábīyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawussite_Shia" title="Tawussite Shia">Tawussite Shia</a> <ul><li>ʿAjlan ibn Nawus</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqifite_Shia" title="Waqifite Shia">Waqifite Shia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin#Arbitration" title="Battle of Siffin">Arbitration</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ajardi <ul><li>Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād</li> <li>Maymunīyyah</li> <li>Sa'labīyyah</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nafi_ibn_al-Azraq" title="Nafi ibn al-Azraq">Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bayhasīyyah <ul><li>Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najdah_ibn_%27Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Najdah ibn 'Amir">Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qurra" title="Abu Qurra">Abu Qurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Ibad" title="Abdallah ibn Ibad">'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Jābir ibn Zayd">Jābir ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkariyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakkariyyah">Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ifran" title="Banu Ifran">Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Wahb_al-Rasibi" title="Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi">Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi#Wahbi_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Wahbiyyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Hasan ibn<br />Muḥāmmad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">ibn al-<br />Hanafiyyah</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karrāmīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī <ul><li>ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)</li> <li>Dhīmmīyya</li> <li>Hakāiqīyya</li> <li>Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)</li> <li>Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)</li> <li>Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)</li> <li>Maʿīyya</li> <li>Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)</li> <li>Nūnīyya</li> <li>Razīnīyya</li> <li>Sauwāqīyya</li> <li>Sūramīyya</li> <li>Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)</li> <li>Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)</li> <li>Wāhidīyya</li> <li>Zarībīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other sects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaylānīyya <ul><li>Gaylān ibn Marwān</li></ul></li> <li>Yūnusīyya <ul><li>Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī</li></ul></li> <li>Gassānīyya <ul><li>Gassān al-Kūfī</li></ul></li> <li>Tūmanīyya <ul><li>Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī</li></ul></li> <li>Sawbānīyya <ul><li>Abū Sawbān al-Murjī</li></ul></li> <li>Sālehīyya <ul><li>Sāleh ibn Umar</li></ul></li> <li>Shamrīyya <ul><li>Abū Shamr</li></ul></li> <li>Ubaydīyya <ul><li>Ubayd al-Mūktaib</li></ul></li> <li>Ziyādīyya <ul><li>Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other Murjīs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_ibn_Surayj" title="Al-Harith ibn Surayj">Al-Harith ibn Surayj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Jubayr" title="Sa'id ibn Jubayr">Sa'id ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li>Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān</li> <li>Muhārīb ibn Dithār</li> <li>Sābit Kutna</li> <li>Awn ibn Abdullāh</li> <li>Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr</li> <li>Umar ibn Zar</li> <li>Salm ibn Sālem</li> <li>Hālaf ibn Ayyūb</li> <li>Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf</li> <li>Nusayr ibn Yahyā</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Hārb</li> <li>Amr ibn Murrah</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Tashbih" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Mu'shabbiha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Tamsīl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jawārībīyya <ul><li>Dāwūd al-Jawāribî</li></ul></li> <li>Hāshwīyya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Hulmānīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hulmān al-<a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fāris</a>ī ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalandars" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalandars">Kalandars</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Baba" class="extiw" title="tr:Barak Baba">Bārāq Bābā</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Anthropopathy_in_the_history_of_Ghulāt_Shīʿīsm" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Tajsīm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khattabiyya" title="Khattabiyya">Khaṭṭābiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Khattab" title="Abu al-Khattab">Abu al-Khattab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazighiyya_Shia" title="Bazighiyya Shia">Bāzīghiyya</a> <ul><li>Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā</li></ul></li> <li>Muʿāmmarīyya <ul><li>Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar</li></ul></li> <li>ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya <ul><li>Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufaddaliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufaddaliyya">Mufaḍḍaliyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Umar_al-Ju%27fi" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi">al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurabiya" title="Ghurabiya">Ghurābīyya</a></li> <li>Mānsūrīyya <ul><li>Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Ghulat_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Mughīrīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī</li></ul></li> <li>Mukhāmmīsa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Namiriya">Namiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammiyya_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhammiyya Shia">‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya</a></li> <li>Saba'īyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Saba%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Saba'">Abdullah ibn Saba'</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ma%27bad_al-Juhani" title="Ma'bad al-Juhani">Ma'bad<br />al-Juhani</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_ad-D%C4%ABn_Haydar" title="Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar">Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ishak" title="Baba Ishak">Baba Ishak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babai_revolt" title="Babai revolt">Babai revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1m_Sultan" title="Balım Sultan">Balım Sultan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galip_Hassan_Kuscuoglu" title="Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu">Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Muʿtazila</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mā’marīyya <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishriyya" title="Bishriyya">Bishriyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Du%27ad" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad">Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahshamiyya" title="Bahshamiyya">Bahshamiyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī</li></ul></li> <li>Huzaylīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī <ul><li>Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ikhshīdiyya</li> <li>Nazzāmīyya <ul><li>Ali al-Aswarī</li> <li>Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī</li> <li>Hābītīyya <ul><li>Ahmad ibn Hābīt</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Sumamīyya <ul><li>Sumāma ibn Ashras</li></ul></li> <li>Kā‘bīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Ahle Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Kato" title="Kala Kato">Kala Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolu-e-Islam_(organization)" title="Tolu-e-Islam (organization)">Tolu-e-Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmed_Pervez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam Ahmed Pervez">Ghulam Ahmed Pervez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Submitters_International" class="mw-redirect" title="United Submitters International">United Submitters International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Khalifa" title="Rashad Khalifa">Rashad Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edip_Y%C3%BCksel" title="Edip Yüksel">Edip Yüksel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br /><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Muslim<br />beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Messianism#Islam" title="Messianism">Messianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">Mirza Ghulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani">Qadiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">Kabbalist</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dönmes">Dönmes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sabbatean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbatean">Sabbatean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavīyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jaunpuri" title="Muhammad Jaunpuri">Muhammad Jaunpuri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syed_Khundmir" title="Syed Khundmir">Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zikris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikris">Zikris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad" title="Wallace Fard Muhammad">Wallace Fard Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beliefs_and_theology_of_the_Nation_of_Islam" title="Beliefs and theology of the Nation of Islam">doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" title="Nur movement">Nur movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hizmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizmet">Hizmet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Modernism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist Salafism">Modernist Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_ad-Din_al-Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani">Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic modernist">Islamic modernists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%A3awwuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Taṣawwuf">Taṣawwuf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">Tariqah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Hilmi Tunahan</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleymancı">Süleymancı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Other orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Other beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewafuq" title="Tewafuq">Tewafuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other scholars of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools_of_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools of jurisprudence">Sunni schools of jurisprudence</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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