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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Produit national brut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 53 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruto_nasionale_produk" title="Bruto nasionale produk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bruto nasionale produk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producto_Nacional_Bruto" title="Producto Nacional Bruto – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Producto Nacional Bruto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ناتج قومي إجمالي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناتج قومي إجمالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmumi_milli_m%C9%99hsul" title="Ümumi milli məhsul – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ümumi milli məhsul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Брутен национален продукт – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брутен национален продукт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produadur_Broadel_Kriz" title="Produadur Broadel Kriz – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Produadur Broadel Kriz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Ακαθάριστο εθνικό προϊόν – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακαθάριστο εθνικό προϊόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_national_product" title="Gross national product – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gross national product" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malneta_Nacia_Produkto" title="Malneta Nacia Produkto – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malneta Nacia Produkto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producto_nacional_bruto" title="Producto nacional bruto – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Producto nacional bruto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvamajanduse_kogutoodang" title="Rahvamajanduse kogutoodang – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvamajanduse kogutoodang" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazio-produktu_gordin" title="Nazio-produktu gordin – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazio-produktu gordin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تولید ناخالص ملی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولید ناخالص ملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99" title="תוצר לאומי גולמי – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוצר לאומי גולמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruto_dru%C5%A1tveni_proizvod" title="Bruto društveni proizvod – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bruto društveni proizvod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brutt%C3%B3_nemzeti_term%C3%A9k" title="Bruttó nemzeti termék – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bruttó nemzeti termék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Համախառն ազգային արդյունք – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համախառն ազգային արդյունք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produk_nasional_bruto" title="Produk nasional bruto – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Produk nasional bruto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0arframlei%C3%B0sla" title="Þjóðarframleiðsla – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðarframleiðsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodotto_nazionale_lordo" title="Prodotto nazionale lordo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prodotto nazionale lordo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%B7%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3" title="国民総生産 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国民総生産" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მთლიანი ეროვნული პროდუქტი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთლიანი ეროვნული პროდუქტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A8%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Жалпы Ұлттық Өнім – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жалпы Ұлттық Өнім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC_%EC%B4%9D%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0" title="국민 총생산 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국민 총생산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%81_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0_%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ບັນທັດຖານວັດແທກ ລາຍໄດ້ ແລະ ຜົນຜະລິດ ແຫ່ງຊາດ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບັນທັດຖານວັດແທກ ລາຍໄດ້ ແລະ ຜົນຜະລິດ ແຫ່ງຊາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendrasis_nacionalinis_produktas" title="Bendrasis nacionalinis produktas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bendrasis nacionalinis produktas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C4%81lais_kopprodukts" title="Nacionālais kopprodukts – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nacionālais kopprodukts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бруто-општествен производ – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бруто-општествен производ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മൊത്ത ദേശീയ ഉത്പാദനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊത്ത ദേശീയ ഉത്പാദനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Үндэсний нийт бүтээгдэхүүн – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үндэсний нийт бүтээгдэхүүн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluaran_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran negara kasar – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluaran negara kasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruto_nationaal_product" title="Bruto nationaal product – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bruto nationaal product" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੁੱਲ ਕੌਮੀ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁੱਲ ਕੌਮੀ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkt_narodowy_brutto" title="Produkt narodowy brutto – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Produkt narodowy brutto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خام قومی پیداوار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خام قومی پیداوار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produto_nacional_bruto" title="Produto nacional bruto – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Produto nacional bruto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produs_na%C8%9Bional_brut" title="Produs național brut – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Produs național brut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Валовой национальный продукт – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валовой национальный продукт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruto_dru%C5%A1tveni_proizvod" title="Bruto društveni proizvod – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bruto društveni proizvod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_national_product" title="Gross national product – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gross national product" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бруто национални производ – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бруто национални производ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="மொத்த தேசிய உற்பத்தி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொத்த தேசிய உற்பத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="มาตรรายรับและผลผลิตของประเทศ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาตรรายรับและผลผลิตของประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuuang_pambansang_produkto" title="Kabuuang pambansang produkto – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabuuang pambansang produkto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayrisafi_mill%C3%AE_has%C4%B1la" title="Gayrisafi millî hasıla – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gayrisafi millî hasıla" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Тулаем милли продукт – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тулаем милли продукт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Валовий національний продукт – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валовий національний продукт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خام قومی پیداوار – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خام قومی پیداوار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_s%E1%BA%A3n_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia" title="Tổng sản lượng quốc gia – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng sản lượng quốc gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabug-osan_nga_produkto_han_nasod" title="Kabug-osan nga produkto han nasod – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kabug-osan nga produkto han nasod" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ედომუშამი ერუანული პროდუქტი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ედომუშამი ერუანული პროდუქტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">Produit intérieur brut</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/PNB" class="mw-disambig" title="PNB">PNB</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Produit national brut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups%2C_OWID.svg/220px-World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups%2C_OWID.svg/330px-World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups%2C_OWID.svg/440px-World_Bank%27s_Income_Groups%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Produit national brut</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Sciences_%C3%A9conomiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences économiques">économie</a>, le <b>produit national brut</b> (<b>PNB</b>) correspond à la <a href="/wiki/Production" title="Production">production</a> annuelle de richesses (valeur des biens et services créés, moins valeur des biens et services détruits ou transformés durant le processus de production) créées par un pays, que cette production se déroule sur le sol national ou à l'étranger. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Comptabilit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Comptabilité nationale">comptabilité nationale</a> française, le PNB n'est plus mesuré depuis 1993 : le choix a été fait de mesurer le <a href="/wiki/Revenu_national_brut" title="Revenu national brut">revenu national brut</a>, qui en est très proche. Le <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">produit intérieur brut</a> (PIB) est également beaucoup plus utilisé. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Définition"><span id="D.C3.A9finition"></span>Définition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Définition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Définition"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le PNB est la valeur totale de la production finale de richesses (valeur des biens et services créés - valeur des biens et services détruits ou transformés durant le processus de production) des acteurs économiques d'un pays donné au cours d'une année donnée. À la différence du <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a>, il inclut les produits nets provenant de l'étranger, c'est-à-dire le revenu sur les investissements nets réalisés à l'étranger (cet élément étant négatif si les revenus des investissements de l'étranger sur le territoire national sont supérieurs aux revenus des investissements du pays à l'étranger). Le terme « national », dans « produit national brut », reflète ainsi la prise en compte de la valeur ajoutée produite par les résidents du pays en question (principe de <a href="/wiki/Nationalit%C3%A9" title="Nationalité">nationalité</a>) mais il n'est pas <i>intérieur</i> parce qu'une partie de cette valeur ajoutée est produite à l'étranger (le PIB est basé sur le principe de <a href="/wiki/Territorialit%C3%A9" title="Territorialité">territorialité</a>). Le PNB, de même que le <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a>, inclut la <a href="/wiki/Taxe_sur_la_valeur_ajout%C3%A9e" title="Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée">TVA</a> du pays, ce dont la légitimité est contestée. </p> <dl><dd>PNB = <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> + (revenus des facteurs du travail et du capital en provenance de l'extérieur - revenus des facteurs du capital et du travail versés à l'extérieur)</dd> <dd>PNB = <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> + revenus nets des facteurs versés au reste du monde</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problème_du_parking"><span id="Probl.C3.A8me_du_parking"></span>Problème du parking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Problème du parking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Problème du parking"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Une des <a href="/wiki/Question_pi%C3%A8ge" title="Question piège">questions pièges</a> posées par des professeurs d'économie à leurs étudiants est la suivante : « Si l'on transforme un parking gratuit en parking payant, l'effet est-il d'augmenter, de diminuer ou de laisser inchangé le PNB du pays ? »<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La première réponse à laquelle on pense est que le PNB augmente en raison de l'apparition d'une nouvelle valorisation d'échanges. C'est oublier que les budgets ne sont pas élastiques et que ce qui est payé sur le parking par ses utilisateurs ne le sera pas par eux-mêmes ailleurs… mais le sera peut-être par les bénéficiaires de ces nouveaux revenus. Après analyse, la réponse est que le problème posé de cette façon <i>ne permet pas de savoir</i> si le PNB va augmenter, diminuer, ou éventuellement rester stationnaire. </p> <ul><li>Sur le plan comptable, les échanges valorisés ne sont plus les mêmes. De nouveaux échanges apparaissent (le prix payé par les utilisateurs du parking), mais d'autres échanges s'en trouvent diminués et d'autres encore augmentés.</li> <li>Sur le plan économique, si on fait l'hypothèse d'un comportement similaire des bénéficiaires de ces nouveaux revenus, alors le PNB aura augmenté à hauteur de cette nouvelle valorisation. Si leur comportement est radicalement différent, alors l'analyse devient plus complexe : dans certains cas, le PNB étudié diminue : délocalisation du PNB local vers un autre PNB (rémunération de capitaux étrangers), investissements moins productifs, ou encore dépenses dans des cycles d'échanges plus lents.</li></ul> <p>Les indices d'évolution des prix, (sur lesquels reposent par exemple les taux d'<a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>) sont censés tenir compte des augmentations de prix, mais ce n'est pas toujours possible. Ainsi, le parking nouvellement payant fait probablement nouvellement l'objet d'une surveillance, d'une organisation, d'un nettoyage, d'une publicité, d'une signalisation, toutes choses qui contribuent à sa valeur et ne peuvent être distinguées de façon certaine d'une vulgaire augmentation de prix. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Claude Riveline, École des Mines de Paris</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produit_national_brut&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revenu_national_brut" title="Revenu national brut">Revenu national brut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenu_par_t%C3%AAte" title="Revenu par tête">Revenu par tête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">Produit intérieur brut</a> (PIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indicateur_%C3%A9conomique" title="Indicateur économique">Indicateur économique</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_PIB" title="Modèle:Palette PIB"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_PIB&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Classements des pays selon le produit intérieur brut (PIB)</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Classements par PIB nominal</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_PIB_nominal" title="Liste des pays par PIB nominal">Par pays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_villes_par_produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Liste des villes par produit intérieur brut">Par ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_PIB_nominal_par_habitant" title="Liste des pays par PIB nominal par habitant">Par habitant</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Classements par PIB à <a href="/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d%27achat" title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat">parité de pouvoir d'achat</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_PIB_(PPA)" title="Liste des pays par PIB (PPA)">Liste des pays par PIB (PPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_PIB_(PPA)_par_habitant" title="Liste des pays par PIB (PPA) par habitant">Par habitant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_historique_des_r%C3%A9gions_et_pays_par_PIB" title="Liste historique des régions et pays par PIB">Historique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Indicateurs</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PNB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut_par_habitant" title="Produit intérieur brut par habitant">PIB par habitant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut_r%C3%A9el" title="Produit intérieur brut réel">PIB réel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut_vert" title="Produit intérieur brut vert">PIB vert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeur_nominale" title="Valeur nominale">Valeur nominale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d%27achat" title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat">Parité de pouvoir d'achat</a> (PPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9flateur_du_PIB" title="Déflateur du PIB">Déflateur du PIB</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_volume_d%27exportation" title="Liste des pays par volume d'exportation">Liste des pays par volume d'exportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indice_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_humain" title="Indice de développement humain">Indice de développement humain</a> (IDH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89conomie" title="Portail de l’économie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/36px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/48px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89conomie" title="Portail:Économie">Portail de l’économie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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