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<span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_mother" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_mother"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Queen mother</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Blanche of Castile</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بلانكا القشتالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلانكا القشتالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_de_Castiella" title="Blanca de Castiella – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Blanca de Castiella" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Бланка Кастыльская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бланка Кастыльская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бланш Кастилска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бланш Кастилска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_Kastilha" title="Blanca Kastilha – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Blanca Kastilha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_de_Castella_i_d%27Anglaterra" title="Blanca de Castella i d'Anglaterra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Blanca de Castella i d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Kastilsk%C3%A1" title="Blanka Kastilská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Blanka Kastilská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_af_Kastilien" title="Blanka af Kastilien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blanka af Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_von_Kastilien" title="Blanka von Kastilien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blanka von Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Λευκή της Καστίλης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκή της Καστίλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_de_Castilla" title="Blanca de Castilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Blanca de Castilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_de_Kastilio" title="Blanka de Kastilio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blanka de Kastilio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuria_Gaztelakoa" title="Zuria Gaztelakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zuria Gaztelakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلانش کاستیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلانش کاستیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_de_Castille" title="Blanche de Castille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Blanche de Castille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branca_de_Castela" title="Branca de Castela – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Branca de Castela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4_%EB%8D%B0_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%BC_%EC%99%95%EB%85%80" title="블랑카 데 카스티야 왕녀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블랑카 데 카스티야 왕녀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Kastiljska" title="Blanka Kastiljska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Blanka Kastiljska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_dari_Kastilia" title="Blanca dari Kastilia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Blanca dari Kastilia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_af_Kastil%C3%ADu" title="Blanka af Kastilíu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blanka af Kastilíu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianca_di_Castiglia" title="Bianca di Castiglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bianca di Castiglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94,_%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="בלנקה, נסיכת קסטיליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלנקה, נסיכת קסטיליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბლანკა კასტილიელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბლანკა კასტილიელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszt%C3%ADliai_Blanka_francia_kir%C3%A1lyn%C3%A9" title="Kasztíliai Blanka francia királyné – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kasztíliai Blanka francia királyné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бланка Кастиљска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бланка Кастиљска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بلانكا القشتاليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلانكا القشتاليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_van_Castili%C3%AB" title="Blanca van Castilië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blanca van Castilië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A6" title="ブランシュ・ド・カスティーユ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブランシュ・ド・カスティーユ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_av_Castilla" title="Blanka av Castilla – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blanka av Castilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca_de_Castelha" title="Blanca de Castelha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Blanca de Castelha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Kastylijska" title="Blanka Kastylijska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Blanka Kastylijska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branca_de_Castela" title="Branca de Castela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Branca de Castela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_a_Castiliei" title="Blanche a Castiliei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Blanche a Castiliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Бланка Кастильская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бланка Кастильская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Kast%C3%ADlska" title="Blanka Kastílska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Blanka Kastílska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Бланка од Кастиље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бланка од Кастиље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_Kastilialainen" title="Blanka Kastilialainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Blanka Kastilialainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_av_Kastilien" title="Blanche av Kastilien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blanche av Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="บลังกาแห่งกัสติยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บลังกาแห่งกัสติยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_(Kastilya)" title="Blanche (Kastilya) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Blanche (Kastilya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Blanche of Castile</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blancheofcastile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blancheofcastile.jpg/220px-Blancheofcastile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blancheofcastile.jpg/330px-Blancheofcastile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blancheofcastile.jpg/440px-Blancheofcastile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="1438" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Contemporary depiction from the <a href="/wiki/Bible_of_St_Louis" title="Bible of St Louis">Bible of St Louis</a>, c. 1230</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of France">Queen consort of France</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">14 July 1223 – November 1226</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 August 1223</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regents#France" title="List of regents">Queen regent of France</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>8 November 1226 – 25 April 1234 <span style="font-size:85%;">(during the minority of the heir, her son <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>)</span></li><li>August 1248 – 27 November 1252 <span style="font-size:85%;">(due to the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a> led by her son)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of England">Queen consort of England</a> (disputed)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">2 June 1216 – 20 September 1217</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">4 March 1188<br /><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1252<span style="display:none">(1252-11-27)</span> (aged 64)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Maubuisson_Abbey" title="Maubuisson Abbey">Maubuisson Abbey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII of France</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="23 May 1200">1200</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="8 November 1226">1226</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX,_King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX, King of France">Louis IX, King of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Count_of_Artois" title="Robert I, Count of Artois">Robert I, Count of Artois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="Alphonse, Count of Poitiers">Alphonse, Count of Poitiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_of_France_(saint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabelle of France (saint)">Saint Isabelle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I, King of Sicily">Charles I, King of Sicily</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Ivrea" title="Castilian House of Ivrea">Ivrea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile">Eleanor of England</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Blanche of Castile</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Blanca de Castilla</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Blanche de Castille</i>; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of France">Queen of France</a> by marriage to <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis VIII">Louis VIII</a>. She acted as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> twice during the reign of her son, <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and during his absence from 1248 until 1252. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blanche was born in <a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>, Spain, in 1188, the third daughter of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VIII">Alfonso VIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Castile">King of Castile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile">Eleanor of England</a>, sister of King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> and King <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson199964_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson199964-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her youth, she visited the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_la_Real_de_Las_Huelgas" title="Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas">Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas</a>, founded by her parents,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis201040-41_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis201040-41-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Le_Goulet" title="Treaty of Le Goulet">Treaty of Le Goulet</a> between <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip Augustus</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John of England</a>, Blanche's sister, <a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal">Urraca</a>, was betrothed to Philip's son, Louis. After meeting the two sisters, their grandmother <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> (who had been a queen consort of France herself) judged that Blanche's personality was more fit to fulfil the role. In the spring of 1200, Eleanor crossed the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> with her and brought her to France instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> judged that Urraca, Blanche's sister, was more beautiful than Blanche, although Catherine Hanley states we have no knowledge about what Blanche looked like.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanley201627_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanley201627-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blanche was twelve years of age, and Louis was only a year older, by the time the marriage treaty was finally signed. King John ceded the fiefs of <a href="/wiki/Issoudun" title="Issoudun">Issoudun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7ay" title="Graçay">Graçay</a> as a dowry. The marriage was celebrated 23 May 1200, at <a href="/wiki/Port-Mort" title="Port-Mort">Port-Mort</a> on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, in John's domains, as those of Philip lay under an <a href="/wiki/Interdict_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdict (Catholic canon law)">interdict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowicke1999137_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowicke1999137-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin1986364_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin1986364-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blanche bore her first child in 1205.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the English barons' rebellion of 1215–16 against King John, it was Blanche's English ancestry as granddaughter to <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> that led to Louis being offered the throne of England as Louis I. However, with the death of John in October 1216, the barons changed their allegiance to John's son, the nine-year-old <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry</a>. </p><p>Louis continued to claim the English crown in her right, only to find a united nation against him. Philip Augustus refused to help his son, and Blanche was his sole support. Blanche raised money from her father-in-law by threatening to put up her children as hostages.<sup id="cite_ref-epistolae_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epistolae-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She established herself at <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> and organized two fleets, one of which was commanded by <a href="/wiki/Eustace_the_Monk" title="Eustace the Monk">Eustace the Monk</a>, and an army under <a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Latin_Emperor" title="Robert I, Latin Emperor">Robert of Courtenay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With French forces defeated at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a> in May 1217 and then routed on their way back to their London stronghold, Louis desperately needed the reinforcements from France. On 24 August, the English fleet destroyed the French fleet carrying those reinforcements off <a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a> and Louis was forced to sue for peace. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regency">Regency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philip died in July 1223, and Louis VIII and Blanche were crowned on 6 August.<sup id="cite_ref-epistolae_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epistolae-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon Louis' death in November 1226 from dysentery,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiesGies1978103_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiesGies1978103-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he left Blanche, by then 38, <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> and guardian of his children. Of her twelve or thirteen children, six had died, and Louis, the heir – afterwards the sainted <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a> – was but twelve years old.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had him crowned within a month of his father's death in <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> and forced reluctant barons to swear allegiance to him. The situation was critical, since Louis VIII had died without having completely subdued his southern nobles. The king's minority made the Capetian domains even more vulnerable. To gain support, she released <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Ferdinand, Count of Flanders">Ferdinand, Count of Flanders</a>, who had been in captivity since the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bouvines" title="Battle of Bouvines">Battle of Bouvines</a>. She ceded land and castles to <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Count_of_Boulogne" title="Philip I, Count of Boulogne">Philip I, Count of Boulogne</a>, son of King Philip II of France and his controversial wife, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Merania" title="Agnes of Merania">Agnes of Merania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeilerBurtonSchofieldStöber200753_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeilerBurtonSchofieldStöber200753-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several key barons, led by <a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Peter I, Duke of Brittany">Peter Mauclerc</a>, refused to recognize the coronation of the young king. Shortly after the coronation, Blanche and Louis were traveling south of Paris and nearly captured. Blanche appealed to the people of Paris to protect their king. The citizens lined the roads and protected him as he returned. </p><p>Helped by <a href="/wiki/Theobald_I_of_Navarre" title="Theobald I of Navarre">Theobald IV of Champagne</a> and the papal legate to France, <a href="/wiki/Romano_Bonaventura" title="Romano Bonaventura">Romano Bonaventura</a>, she organized an army. Its sudden appearance brought the nobles momentarily to a halt. Twice more did Blanche have to muster an army to protect Capetian interests against rebellious nobles and <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a>. Blanche organized a surprise attack in the winter. In January 1229, she led her forces to attack Mauclerc and force him to recognize the king. She accompanied the army herself and helped collect wood to keep the soldiers warm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not everyone was happy with her administration. Her enemies called her "Dame Hersent" (the wolf in the <i>Roman de Renart</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-epistolae_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epistolae-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1229, she was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1229)" title="Treaty of Paris (1229)">Treaty of Paris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson199964_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson199964-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which <a href="/wiki/Raymond_VII,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse">Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse</a>, submitted to Louis. By the terms of the agreement, his daughter and heir, <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Toulouse" title="Joan, Countess of Toulouse">Joan</a>, married Blanche's son, <a href="/wiki/Alphonse,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="Alphonse, Count of Poitiers">Alphonse</a>, and the county could only pass to his heirs. He gave up all the lands conquered by <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_5th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a> to the crown of France. It also meant the end of the <a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian Crusade</a>. </p><p>To prevent Henry III of England from gaining more French lands through marriage, Blanche denied him the first two brides he sought. In 1226, he sought to marry <a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Brittany" title="Yolande of Brittany">Yolande of Brittany</a>, Mauclerc's daughter. Blanche instead forced her father to give Yolande to Blanche's son John. When Henry became engaged to <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan, Countess of Ponthieu</a>, Blanche lobbied the Pope to deny the marriage based on consanguinity, denying the dispensation Henry sought. </p><p>In 1230, Henry III came to invade France. At the cost of some of the crown's influence in <a href="/wiki/Poitou" title="Poitou">Poitou</a>, Blanche managed to keep the English <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">Queen mother</a> <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella, Countess of Angoulême</a>, and her second husband, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh X of Lusignan">Hugh X of Lusignan</a>, from supporting the English side. However, Mauclerc did support the English and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a> rebelled against the crown in 1230. Originally, the English landed in Brittany with 275 knights, men at arms, and barons to meet his ally <a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Peter I, Duke of Brittany">Peter I, Duke of Brittany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign began well for Henry III, who probably recruited foot soldiers on the continent as he brought 7,800 marks with him.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Blanche's troops were insubordinate to her and refused to serve beyond the 40 day feudal contract; most disbanded after 40 days.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Count_of_Boulogne" title="Philip I, Count of Boulogne">Philip I, Count of Boulogne</a>, left the royal forces and proceeded to raid Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blanche had to chase Philip to try to stop him from raiding the important county, leaving Henry III to proceed without serious resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the Norman nobles were also in open rebellion against Blanche.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, instead of marching to help the Norman rebels, he followed the advice of his vassal, advisor, and former regent <a href="/wiki/Hubert_de_Burgh,_1st_Earl_of_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent">Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent</a>, and marched into Poitou.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, it appears that Henry's excursion to <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a> was not necessary despite the calls for help by Geoffrey Beauchamp, who probably panicked due to a slight rise in unrest in Aquitaine.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry besieged Mirabeau and proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, apparently "securing" the south while also losing massive amounts of money and being forced to take loans.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What made it worse was that Aquitaine was not in any serious danger of being taken by the French because what remained of the French royal army was trying to quash a rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne</a>, nowhere near Aquitaine.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry's military operation was still not a complete loss. He was able to get money, military engines, and bolts for crossbows along with the militia of <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9ole" title="La Réole">La Réole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry marched north into Poitou but the gifts which Blanche had sent to Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, and Raymond I, Viscount of Thouars, kept them loyal to the French.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the local lords could not see Henry off, he was either unable or unwilling to commit to a large offensive investment and decided to return to Brittany, where he spent the remainder of his money on feasts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He proceeded to England having accomplished little. He lost money and prestige even if he had not taken significant casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the rebellion died out, which helped establish Blanche and Louis as more stable rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry's failure to make any significant impact with his invasions ultimately discouraged Mauclerc's rebellion, and, by 1234, he was firm in his support of Louis. </p><p>St. Louis owed his realm to his mother and remained under her influence for the duration of her life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis201017-19_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis201017-19-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen_mother">Queen mother</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Queen mother"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louis began to take part in political affairs by declaring his maturity, but Blanche was very influential and powerful in politics and court affairs, and her son did not withhold anything from her. No one dared to criticize the Queen Mother. In 1233, Raymond of Toulouse was starting to chafe under the terms of the treaty of Paris, thus Blanche sent one of her knights, Giles of Flagy, to convince him to cooperate. Blanche heard through troubadours of the beauty, grace, and religious devotion of the daughters of <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_IV,_Count_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence">Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence</a>, and assigned Giles a second mission to visit Provence. Giles found a much better reception in Provence than in Toulouse. Upon his return to Paris, Blanche decided that a Provençal marriage would suit her son and help keep Toulouse in check. In 1234, Louis married <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a>, who was the eldest of the four daughters of Ramon, Count of Provence, and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Beatrice of Savoy">Beatrice of Savoy</a>. </p><p>She did not have a good relationship with her daughter-in-law, perhaps due to the controlling relationship Blanche had with her son, and she wanted to maintain control of her son and the court. To maintain better control over the new queen, Blanche dismissed the family and servants who had come to her wedding before the couple reached Paris. Prior to the arrival of the new queen, Blanche was considered the beauty of the court, and had poems written about her beauty by the count of Champagne. In 1230, it was even rumoured that she was pregnant by Romano Bonaventura. The new queen drew the attention of the court and the king away from Blanche, so she sought to keep them apart as much as she could. <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Joinville" title="Jean de Joinville">Jean de Joinville</a> tells of the time when Queen Margaret was giving birth and Blanche entered the room telling her son to leave saying "Come ye hence, ye do naught here". Queen Margaret then allegedly fainted out of distress. Joinville also remarks that when Queen Blanche was present in the royal household, she did not like Margaret and Louis to be together "except when he went to lie with her".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1239, Blanche insisted on a fair hearing for the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, who were under threat by increasing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> in France. She presided over a formal disputation in the king's court. Louis insisted on the burning of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> and other Jewish books, but Blanche promised Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yechiel_of_Paris" title="Yechiel of Paris">Yechiel of Paris</a>, who spoke for the Jews, that he and his goods were under her protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELabarge1997193_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELabarge1997193-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_regency_and_death">Second regency and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second regency and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1248, Blanche again became regent during Louis IX's absence on the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Crusade</a>, a project which she had strongly opposed. In the disasters which followed, she maintained peace while draining the land of men and money to aid her son in the East. She fell ill at <a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> in November 1252 and was taken to Paris, but lived only a few days.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was buried at <a href="/wiki/Maubuisson_Abbey" title="Maubuisson Abbey">Maubuisson Abbey</a>, which she had founded herself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaniczay2002236_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaniczay2002236-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis heard of her death in the following spring and reportedly did not speak to anyone for two days afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007213_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007213-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patronage_and_learning">Patronage and learning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patronage and learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blanche was a patron of the arts and owned a variety of books, both in French and in Latin. Some of these were meant as teaching tools for her son. <i>Le Miroir de l'Ame</i> was dedicated to Blanche. It instructs queens to rigorously practice Christian virtues in daily life. She oversaw the education of her children, all of whom studied Latin. She also insisted on lessons in Christian morals for all of them. Both Louis and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Isabelle_of_France" title="Saint Isabelle of France">Isabelle</a>, her only surviving daughter, were canonized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan2003181-182,_212_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan2003181-182,_212-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chanson <i>Amours ou trop tard me suis pris</i>, a prayer to the Virgin Mary, is often attributed to Blanche. <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Blanche (1205 – died soon after).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Agnes (1207 – died soon after).</li> <li>Philip (9 September 1209 – before July 1218), betrothed in July 1215 to <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_II,_Countess_of_Nevers" title="Agnès II, Countess of Nevers">Agnes of Donzy</a>.</li> <li>Alphonse (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of John.</li> <li>John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of Alphonse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a> (Poissy, 25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270, Tunis), King of France as successor to his father.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Count_of_Artois" title="Robert I, Count of Artois">Robert</a> (25 September 1216 – 9 February 1250, killed in battle, Manssurah, Egypt), Count of Artois.</li> <li>Philip (20 February 1218 – 1220).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>John (21 July 1219 – 1232), Count of Anjou and Maine; betrothed in March 1227 to Yolande of Brittany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="Alphonse, Count of Poitiers">Alphonse</a> (Poissy, 11 November 1220 – 21 August 1271, Corneto), Count of Poitou and Auvergne, and by marriage, of Toulouse.</li> <li>Philip Dagobert (20 February 1222 – 1234<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_of_France_(saint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabelle of France (saint)">Isabelle</a> (March 1224<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 23 February 1270).</li> <li>Etienne (end 1225<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – early 1227<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles</a> (end 1226/early 1227 – 7 January 1285), Count of Anjou and Maine, by marriage Count of Provence and Folcalquier, and King of Sicily.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blanche of Castile is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Villon" title="François Villon">François Villon</a>'s 15th century poem <a href="/wiki/Ballade_des_Dames_du_Temps_Jadis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis">Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis</a> (<i>Ballad of Ladies of Times Past</i>), together with other famous women of history and mythology. Blanche's selection as bride for Louis and travel to France is noted in <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Chadwick" title="Elizabeth Chadwick">Elizabeth Chadwick</a>'s <i>The Autumn Throne</i> and <a href="/wiki/E._L._Konigsburg" title="E. L. Konigsburg">E. L. Konigsburg</a>'s <i>A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver</i>. </p><p>Blanche and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a> are the main characters in <a href="/wiki/Jean_Plaidy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Plaidy">Jean Plaidy</a>'s novel <i>The Battle of the Queens,</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she is briefly mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Swann%27s_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Swann's Way">Swann's Way</a></i>, in a disaparaging way by Doctor Cottard and Brichot.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blanche is a key character in the novel <i>Four Sisters, All Queens</i>, by Sherry Jones, which focuses on her daughters-in-law <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Provence" title="Beatrice of Provence">Beatrice of Provence</a> and their sisters <a href="/wiki/Sancha_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancha of Provence">Sancha of Provence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is a supporting character in the novel <i>The Crown Rose</i> by <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Avery" title="Fiona Avery">Fiona Avery</a>, based on the life of her daughter <a href="/wiki/Saint_Isabelle_of_France" title="Saint Isabelle of France">Saint Isabelle of France</a>. Blanche is also a central antagonist in the fictional middle grade novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Inquisitor%27s_Tale" title="The Inquisitor's Tale">The Inquisitor's Tale</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gidwitz" title="Adam Gidwitz">Adam Gidwitz</a>. </p><p>Blanche's betrothal is depicted in the <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespearean</a> <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_history" title="Shakespearean history">history play</a> <a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)"><i>King John</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An image of Blanche of Castile has been used on the <a href="/wiki/Home_(sports)" title="Home (sports)">home</a> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_equipment" title="Rugby union equipment">kit</a> of French <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> team <a href="/wiki/Stade_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Stade Français">Stade Français</a> since the 2008 season.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2008_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1950s French <a href="/wiki/Restaurateur" title="Restaurateur">restaurateur</a> <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Corbu" title="Noël Corbu">Noël Corbu</a> claimed that Blanche of Castile had deposited a treasure in <a href="/wiki/Rennes-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Rennes-le-Château">Rennes-le-Château</a> that was later discovered by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9renger_Sauni%C3%A8re" title="Bérenger Saunière">Bérenger Saunière</a> during the late 19th century. This was later utilised by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Plantard" title="Pierre Plantard">Pierre Plantard</a> in his development of the <a href="/wiki/Priory_of_Sion" title="Priory of Sion">Priory of Sion</a> mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPutnamWood2005_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamWood2005-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson199964-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson199964_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson199964_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1999">Jackson 1999</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis201040-41-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis201040-41_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShadis2010">Shadis 2010</a>, p. 40-41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelerParsons2002192-193_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheelerParsons2002">Wheeler & Parsons 2002</a>, p. 192-193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanley201627-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanley201627_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanley2016">Hanley 2016</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowicke1999137-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowicke1999137_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowicke1999">Powicke 1999</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin1986364-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin1986364_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin1986">Baldwin 1986</a>, p. 364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epistolae-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-epistolae_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epistolae_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-epistolae_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012509/https://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/77.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Blanche of Castile, queen of France", <i>Epistolae</i>, Columbia University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/77.html">the original</a> on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Blanche+of+Castile%2C+queen+of+France%22%2C+Epistolae%2C+Columbia+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu%2Fwoman%2F77.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Blanche_of_Castile" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blanche+of+Castile&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=40&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span><br /> Footnote: Besides the works of Joinville and William of Nangis, see: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Berger" title="Élie Berger">Élie Berger</a>, "Histoire de Blanche de Castille, reine de France", in <i>Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome</i>, vol lxx. (Paris, 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Nain_de_Tillemont" title="Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont">Le Nain de Tillemont</a>, "Vie de Saint Louis", ed. by J. de Gaulle for the <i>Société de l'histoire de France</i> (6 vols., 1847–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Paulin_Paris" title="Alexis Paulin Paris">Paulin Paris</a>, "Nouvelles recherches sur les mœurs de la reine Blanche et de Thibaud", in <i>Cabinet historique</i> (1858).</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiesGies1978103-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiesGies1978103_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiesGies1978">Gies & Gies 1978</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeilerBurtonSchofieldStöber200753-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeilerBurtonSchofieldStöber200753_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeilerBurtonSchofieldStöber2007">Weiler et al. 2007</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbulafia1999286-287_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbulafia1999">Abulafia 1999</a>, p. 286-287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh1912" class="citation book cs1">Marsh, Frank Burr (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FDLiAAAAMAAJ&q=gascony+barons&pg=PA64"><i>English Rule in Gascony, 1199–1295: With Special References to the Towns</i></a>. G. Wahr. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Rule+in+Gascony%2C+1199%E2%80%931295%3A+With+Special+References+to+the+Towns&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=G.+Wahr&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Frank+Burr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFDLiAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dgascony%2Bbarons%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadis201017-19-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadis201017-19_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShadis2010">Shadis 2010</a>, p. 17-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean de Joinville, The History of Saint Louis trans. J.Evans 1938: p 184 (New York Press)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELabarge1997193-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELabarge1997193_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLabarge1997">Labarge 1997</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaniczay2002236-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaniczay2002236_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaniczay2002">Klaniczay 2002</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007213-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury2007213_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradbury2007">Bradbury 2007</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan2003181-182,_212-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan2003181-182,_212_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan2003">Nolan 2003</a>, p. 181-182, 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/661942812"><i>Amours ou trop tard me suis pris : chanson mariale</i></a>. OCLC. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/661942812">661942812</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2021</span> – via Worldcat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amours+ou+trop+tard+me+suis+pris+%3A+chanson+mariale&rft.pub=OCLC&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F661942812&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F661942812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerrebrouck records the birth of this daughter, and her death soon after her birth. P. Van Kerrebrouck, <i>Les Capétiens 987–1328</i>, Villeneuve d'Asq, 2000, p. 124; <a href="/wiki/Anselm_de_Guibours" title="Anselm de Guibours">Père Anselme</a> notes <i>[une] fille née en 1205 et mourut jeune</i> as the eldest child of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His existence is disputed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1232 of "<i>duo de fratribus regie Francie, Iohannes et Dagobertus</i>". <i>Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium</i> 1232, <i>Monumenta Germaniæ Historica Scriptorum</i>, vol. XXIII, p. 930.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Chronicon Turonense</i> records the birth in 1224 "<i>mense martio</i>" of "<i>Isabellis, filia Ludovici Regis Franciæ</i>". Chronicon Turonense, <i>Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France</i>, vol. XVIII, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Chronicon Turonense</i> records the birth in 1225 (at the end of the text dealing with events in that year) of "<i>Stephanus, Ludovici Regis Francorum filius</i>" and his baptism in Paris. Chronicon Turonense, Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, vol. XVIII, p. 313. He must have been born after the testament of King Louis VIII dated June 1225 which only names five (surviving) sons. <i>Layettes du Trésor des Chartes</i>, vol. II, 1710, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Chronicon Turonense</i> records that King Louis VIII left six sons (in order) "<i>Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum</i>" and one daughter "<i>Isabellam</i>" when he died. Chronicon Turonense, Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, vol. XVIII, p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaidy2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Plaidy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Plaidy">Plaidy, Jean</a> (2008). <i>The Battle of the Queens</i>. Arrow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0099510260" title="Special:BookSources/978-0099510260"><bdi>978-0099510260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+the+Queens&rft.pub=Arrow+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0099510260&rft.aulast=Plaidy&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProust2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust, Marcel</a> (2004). <i>Swann's Way: In Search of Lost Time, Vol. 1</i>. Penguin Classics; Revised edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0142437964" title="Special:BookSources/978-0142437964"><bdi>978-0142437964</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swann%27s+Way%3A+In+Search+of+Lost+Time%2C+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics%3B+Revised+edition&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0142437964&rft.aulast=Proust&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2012" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Sherry (2012). <i>Four Sisters, All Queens</i>. Gallery Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1451633245" title="Special:BookSources/978-1451633245"><bdi>978-1451633245</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Sisters%2C+All+Queens&rft.pub=Gallery+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1451633245&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shakespearemagazine.com/2015/10/this-summer-saw-a-globe-theatre-production-of-shakespeares-king-john-staged-in-the-historic-location-of-salisbury-cathedral/">"Shakespeare's Bad King John Makes Good"</a>. <i>shakespearemagazine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shakespearemagazine.com&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%27s+Bad+King+John+Makes+Good&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shakespearemagazine.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fthis-summer-saw-a-globe-theatre-production-of-shakespeares-king-john-staged-in-the-historic-location-of-salisbury-cathedral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2008-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2008_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright2008">Wright 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPutnamWood2005-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPutnamWood2005_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPutnamWood2005">Putnam & Wood 2005</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbulafia1999" class="citation book cs1">Abulafia, David (1999). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 1198-c. 1300</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521362917" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521362917"><bdi>978-0521362917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History%3A+c.+1198-c.+1300&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0521362917&rft.aulast=Abulafia&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin1986" class="citation book cs1">Baldwin, John W. (1986). <i>The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+of+Philip+Augustus%3A+Foundations+of+French+Royal+Power+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span>364</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartal2023" class="citation book cs1">Bartal, Ruth (2023). <i>The Book of Ruth and Blanche of Castile</i>. Leiden: Alexandros Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789490387129" title="Special:BookSources/9789490387129"><bdi>9789490387129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Ruth+and+Blanche+of+Castile&rft.pub=Leiden%3A+Alexandros+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9789490387129&rft.aulast=Bartal&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury2007" class="citation book cs1">Bradbury, Jim (2007). <i>The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328</i>. Continuum Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826424914" title="Special:BookSources/9780826424914"><bdi>9780826424914</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Capetians%3A+Kings+of+France%2C+987-1328&rft.pub=Continuum+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780826424914&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiesGies1978" class="citation book cs1">Gies, Frances; Gies, Joseph (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninmiddleag000gies"><i>Women in the Middle Ages</i></a>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0064640374" title="Special:BookSources/978-0064640374"><bdi>978-0064640374</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0064640374&rft.aulast=Gies&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.au=Gies%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomeninmiddleag000gies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2017" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Lindy (2017). <i>Blanche of Castile, Queen of France</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300219265" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300219265"><bdi>978-0300219265</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blanche+of+Castile%2C+Queen+of+France&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0300219265&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanley2016" class="citation book cs1">Hanley, Catherine (2016). <i>Louis The French Prince Who Invaded England</i>. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+The+French+Prince+Who+Invaded+England&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1999" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Guida M. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917"><i>Women rulers throughout the ages: an illustrated guide</i></a>. ABC-CLIO, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1576070918" title="Special:BookSources/978-1576070918"><bdi>978-1576070918</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+rulers+throughout+the+ages%3A+an+illustrated+guide&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+Inc&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1576070918&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Guida+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9791576070917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaniczay2002" class="citation book cs1">Klaniczay, Gábor (2002). <i>Holy rulers and blessed princesses: dynastic cults in medieval central Europe</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521420181" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521420181"><bdi>978-0521420181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+rulers+and+blessed+princesses%3A+dynastic+cults+in+medieval+central+Europe&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0521420181&rft.aulast=Klaniczay&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabarge1997" class="citation book cs1">Labarge, Margaret W. (1997). <i>A medieval miscellany</i>. Canada: Carleton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0886292904" title="Special:BookSources/978-0886292904"><bdi>978-0886292904</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+medieval+miscellany&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=Carleton+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0886292904&rft.aulast=Labarge&rft.aufirst=Margaret+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolan2003" class="citation book cs1">Nolan, Kathleen D. (2003). <i>Capetian Women</i>. Palgrave Macmillan US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312294489" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312294489"><bdi>978-0312294489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capetian+Women&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0312294489&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowicke1999" class="citation book cs1">Powicke, Maurice (1999). <i>Loss of Normandy, 1198-1204: Studies in the History of the Angevin Empire</i>. Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loss+of+Normandy%2C+1198-1204%3A+Studies+in+the+History+of+the+Angevin+Empire&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Powicke&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutnamWood2005" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, Bill; Wood, John Edwin (2005). <i>The Treasure of Rennes-le-Château: A Mystery Solved</i>. Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-4216-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-4216-4"><bdi>978-0-7509-4216-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treasure+of+Rennes-le-Ch%C3%A2teau%3A+A+Mystery+Solved&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-4216-4&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Wood%2C+John+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadis2010" class="citation book cs1">Shadis, Miriam (2010). <i>Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-23473-7"><bdi>978-0-312-23473-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berenguela+of+Castile+%281180%E2%80%931246%29+and+Political+Women+in+the+High+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-312-23473-7&rft.aulast=Shadis&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeilerBurtonSchofieldStöber2007" class="citation book cs1">Weiler; Burton; Schofield; Stöber (2007). <i>Thirteenth century England: Proceedings of the Gregynog Conference</i>. The Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846157707" title="Special:BookSources/9781846157707"><bdi>9781846157707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thirteenth+century+England%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Gregynog+Conference&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781846157707&rft.au=Weiler&rft.au=Burton&rft.au=Schofield&rft.au=St%C3%B6ber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheelerParsons2002" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, B.; Parsons, J. (2002). <i>Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eleanor+of+Aquitaine%3A+Lord+and+Lady&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2008" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Hannah (16 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412170604/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/club-rugby/french-rugby-fans-blanche-at-multicoloured-shirt-963709.html">"French rugby fans blanche at multi-coloured shirt"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/club-rugby/french-rugby-fans-blanche-at-multicoloured-shirt-963709.html">the original</a> on 12 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=French+rugby+fans+blanche+at+multi-coloured+shirt&rft.date=2008-10-16&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Frugby%2Frugby-union%2Fclub-rugby%2Ffrench-rugby-fans-blanche-at-multicoloured-shirt-963709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlanche+of+Castile" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from the works of Joinville and <a href="/wiki/William_of_Nangis" class="mw-redirect" title="William of Nangis">William of Nangis</a>, see Élie Berger, "Histoire de Blanche de Castille, reine de France", in <i><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_des_Ecoles_fran%C3%A7aises_d%27Ath%C3%A8nes_et_de_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque des Ecoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome">Bibliothèque des Ecoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome</a></i>, vol. lxx. (Paris, 1895); <a href="/wiki/Louis-S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Nain_de_Tillemont" title="Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont">Le Nain de Tillemont</a>, "Vie de Saint Louis", ed. by J. de Gaulle for the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_l%27histoire_de_France" title="Société de l'histoire de France">Société de l'histoire de France</a> (6 vols., 1847–1851); and Paulin Paris, "Nouvelles recherches sur les mœurs de la reine Blanche et de Thibaud", in <i>Cabinet historique</i> (1858). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanche_of_Castile&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blanche_of_Castile" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012509/https://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/woman/77.html"><i>Women's Biography: Blanche of Castile, queen of France</i></a>, epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu; accessed 14 April 2014.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Blanche of Castile </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Castilian_House_of_Ivrea" title="Castilian House of Ivrea">Castilian House of Ivrea</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Ivrea">House of Ivrea</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 4 March 1188</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 27 November 1252</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">French royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_France" title="Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France">Ingeborg of Denmark</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Queens_and_Empresses_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Queens and Empresses of France">Queen consort of France</a> </b><br />1223–1226 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_consorts_of_France657" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_consorts" title="Template:French consorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_consorts" title="Template talk:French consorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_consorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French consorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_consorts_of_France657" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Royal consorts of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_queens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Frankish queens">List of Frankish queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_royal_consorts" title="List of French royal consorts">List of French royal consorts</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde" title="Clotilde">Clotilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultragotha" title="Ultragotha">Ultragotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntheuc" title="Guntheuc">Guntheuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radegund" title="Radegund">Radegund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingund" title="Ingund">Ingund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aregund" title="Aregund">Aregund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingoberga" title="Ingoberga">Ingoberga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merofleda" title="Merofleda">Merofleda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcovefa" title="Marcovefa">Marcovefa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudechild" title="Theudechild">Theudechild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austregilde" title="Austregilde">Austregilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audovera" title="Audovera">Audovera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galswintha" title="Galswintha">Galswintha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredegund" title="Fredegund">Fredegund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunhilda_of_Austrasia" title="Brunhilda of Austrasia">Brunhilda of Austrasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrude" title="Bertrude">Bertrude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichilde" title="Sichilde">Sichilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomentrude" title="Gomentrude">Gomentrude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanthild" title="Nanthild">Nanthild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragintrudis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragintrudis">Ragintrudis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfefundis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfefundis">Wulfefundis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertechildis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertechildis">Bertechildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthild_of_Chelles" title="Balthild of Chelles">Balthild of Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilichild_(wife_of_Childeric_II)" title="Bilichild (wife of Childeric II)">Bilichild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrothildis" title="Chrothildis">Chrothildis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon" title="Bertrada of Laon">Bertrada of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerberga,_wife_of_Carloman_I" title="Gerberga, wife of Carloman I">Gerberga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_of_the_Lombards" title="Desiderata of the Lombards">Desiderata of the Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_(queen)" title="Hildegard (queen)">Hildegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastrada" title="Fastrada">Fastrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luitgard_(Frankish_queen)" title="Luitgard (Frankish queen)">Luitgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_of_Hesbaye" title="Ermengarde of Hesbaye">Ermengarde of Hesbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria_(died_843)" title="Judith of Bavaria (died 843)">Judith of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermentrude_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Ermentrude of Orléans">Ermentrude of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richilde_of_Provence" title="Richilde of Provence">Richilde of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Paris" title="Adelaide of Paris">Adelaide of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardis" title="Richardis">Richardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odrate_of_Troyes" title="Théodrate of Troyes">Théodrate of Troyes</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederuna" title="Frederuna">Frederuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadgifu_of_Wessex" title="Eadgifu of Wessex">Eadgifu of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Vermandois" title="Beatrice of Vermandois">Beatrice of Vermandois</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_France" title="Emma of France">Emma of France</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerberga_of_Saxony" title="Gerberga of Saxony">Gerberga of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Italy" title="Emma of Italy">Emma of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Aquitaine" title="Adelaide of Aquitaine">Adelaide of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozala_of_Italy" title="Rozala of Italy">Rozala of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Burgundy" title="Bertha of Burgundy">Bertha of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Arles" title="Constance of Arles">Constance of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Frisia" title="Matilda of Frisia">Matilda of Frisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Kiev" title="Anne of Kiev">Anne of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Holland" title="Bertha of Holland">Bertha of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrade_of_Montfort" title="Bertrade of Montfort">Bertrade of Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Maurienne" title="Adelaide of Maurienne">Adelaide of Maurienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Castile" title="Constance of Castile">Constance of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_of_Champagne" title="Adela of Champagne">Adela of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Hainault" title="Isabella of Hainault">Isabella of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_France" title="Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France">Ingeborg of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Merania" title="Agnes of Merania">Agnes of Merania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blanche of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_France" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France">Isabella of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Brabant,_Queen_of_France" title="Marie of Brabant, Queen of France">Marie of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Burgundy,_Queen_of_France" title="Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France">Margaret of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementia_of_Hungary" title="Clementia of Hungary">Clementia of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_II,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Joan II, Countess of Burgundy">Joan II of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Burgundy" title="Blanche of Burgundy">Blanche of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Luxembourg,_Queen_of_France" title="Marie of Luxembourg, Queen of France">Marie of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_%C3%89vreux" title="Joan of Évreux">Joan of Évreux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Lame_of_Burgundy" title="Joan the Lame of Burgundy">Joan of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_France" title="Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France">Blanche of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I,_Countess_of_Auvergne" title="Joan I, Countess of Auvergne">Joan I of Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Bourbon" title="Joanna of Bourbon">Joanna of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabeau_of_Bavaria" title="Isabeau of Bavaria">Isabeau of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Anjou" title="Marie of Anjou">Marie of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Savoy" title="Charlotte of Savoy">Charlotte of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany" title="Anne of Brittany">Anne of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_France,_Duchess_of_Berry" title="Joan of France, Duchess of Berry">Joan of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tudor,_Queen_of_France" title="Mary Tudor, Queen of France">Mary Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_of_France" title="Claude of France">Claude of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary I of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elisabeth of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Lorraine" title="Louise of Lorraine">Louise of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i> <i>(1422–1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Marie Joséphine of Savoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily">Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo" title="Eugénie de Montijo">Eugénie de Montijo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English,_Scottish_and_British_royal_consorts223" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_consort" title="Template:British consort"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_consort" title="Template talk:British consort"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_consort" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British consort"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English,_Scottish_and_British_royal_consorts223" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_consorts" title="List of British royal consorts">British</a> royal consorts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in England until 1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Damerham" title="Æthelflæd of Damerham">Æthelflæd of Damerham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_(wife_of_Eadwig)" title="Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)">Ælfgifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_(wife_of_Edgar)" title="Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar)">Ælfthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_York" title="Ælfgifu of York">Ælfgifu of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_(wife_of_Edmund_Ironside)" title="Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)">Ealdgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Mercia" title="Edith of Mercia">Edith of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders" title="Matilda of Flanders">Matilda of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne">Matilda of Boulogne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England_and_Hungary" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary">Margaret of France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blanche of Castile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joan of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Guildford_Dudley" title="Lord Guildford Dudley">Guildford Dudley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruoch" title="Gruoch">Gruoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibiorg Finnsdottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelreda_(daughter_of_Gospatric)" title="Ethelreda (daughter of Gospatric)">Ethelreda of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Normandy" title="Sybilla of Normandy">Sybilla of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Maud, Countess of Huntingdon">Maud of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England" title="Margaret of England">Margaret of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande de Dreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burgh" title="Elizabeth de Burgh">Elizabeth de Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_the_Tower" title="Joan of the Tower">Joan of the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret Drummond, Queen of Scotland">Margaret Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_de_Ross" title="Euphemia de Ross">Euphemia de Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabella_Drummond" title="Anabella Drummond">Anabella Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots">Joan Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders" title="Mary of Guelders">Mary of Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_of_Valois" title="Madeleine of Valois">Madeleine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Royal_consorts_in_England_and_Scotland_after_the_Union_of_the_Crowns_from_160390"> <ul><li><b>Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> from 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_British_royal_consorts_after_the_Acts_of_Union_170763"> <ul><li><b>British royal consorts after the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Infantas_of_Castile292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infantas_of_Castile" title="Template:Infantas of Castile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infantas_of_Castile" title="Template talk:Infantas of Castile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infantas_of_Castile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infantas of Castile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Infantas_of_Castile292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Infanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta">Infantas of Castile</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Zamora" title="Urraca of Zamora">Urraca, Lady of Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvira_of_Toro" title="Elvira of Toro">Elvira, Lady of Toro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Urraca of León and Castile">Urraca I of Castile and León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvira_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily">Elvira, Queen of Sicily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancha_Raim%C3%BAndez" title="Sancha Raimúndez">Sancha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Castile" title="Constance of Castile">Constance, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancha_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre">Sancha, Queen of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancha_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon">Sancha, Queen of Aragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria I of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urraca_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal">Urraca, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blanche, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile_(died_1244)" title="Eleanor of Castile (died 1244)">Eleanor, Queen of Aragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Berengaria of León">Berengaria, Latin Empress of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Molina" title="María de Molina">Maria, Queen of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile,_Lady_of_Guadalajara" title="Berengaria of Castile, Lady of Guadalajara">Berengaria, Lady of Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Castile,_Marchioness_of_Montferrat" title="Beatrice of Castile, Marchioness of Montferrat">Beatrice, Marchioness of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violant_of_Castile" title="Violant of Castile">Violant, Lady of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violante_Manuel" title="Violante Manuel">Violant, Lady of Elche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Isabella of Castile, Queen of Aragon">Isabella, Queen of Aragon and Duchess of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Castile_(1293%E2%80%931359)" title="Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359)">Beatrice, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constanza_Manuel" title="Constanza Manuel">Constance, Queen of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_Manuel" title="Juana Manuel">Joanna, Queen of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile_(1307%E2%80%931359)" title="Eleanor of Castile (1307–1359)">Eleanor, Queen of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile_(1319%E2%80%931375)" title="Blanche of Castile (1319–1375)">Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanca_de_la_Cerda_y_Lara" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanca de la Cerda y Lara">Blanche, Princess of Villena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Cerda" title="María de la Cerda">Maria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_la_Cerda" title="Isabel de la Cerda">Isabella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Castile,_Duchess_of_Lancaster" title="Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster">Constance, Duchess of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Castile,_Duchess_of_York" title="Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York">Isabella, Duchess of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile,_Queen_of_Navarre" title="Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Navarre">Eleanor, Queen of Navarre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Castile" title="Maria of Castile">Maria, Queen of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Catherine,_Duchess_of_Villena" title="Infanta Catherine, Duchess of Villena">Catherine, Duchess of Villena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Catherine, Princess of Asturias">Catherine, Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Eleanor, Princess of Asturias">Eleanor, Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_la_Beltraneja" title="Joanna la Beltraneja">Joanna, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal">Isabella, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna I of Castile and Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal">Maria, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine, Queen of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Austria" title="Isabella of Austria">Isabella, Queen of Denmark-Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Hungary_(governor_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)">Maria, Queen of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal">Catherine, Queen of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3347" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3347" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000398908027">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/38163723">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19708/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4qHDvYDxFMpvG7Bk7HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118663739">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50082045">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119526977">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119526977">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0088371&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Blanca, Reina consorte de Luis VIII, Rey de Francia (1188-1252)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX858233">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07017346X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98079082">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000575877">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=145294">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khw070330v0c7s7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810607509105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/104913">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007258705805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614904306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Blanche of Castile"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bf0fb4a2-b51c-43b5-a0e0-5ba0d2ac002c">MusicBrainz</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Blanche de Castille"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/4160b839-9d0c-4af0-b937-cd4cbc7fbd1b">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118663739.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118663739">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02750106X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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