CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "le.uwpress.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92ac5aa8b945f90a',cH: 'HxJ5Du6yHTJMB3kTt2X7pwxv55nSndOMbUQI81LkZeg-1743723029-1.2.1.1-GyH32rNBtbkJXQDMGPs6RNuIaFvsG8Eo0kYBjt1k4_53zLNkWBsYQv278kQoOZp2',cUPMDTk: "\/cgi\/doi\/10.3368\/le.83.4.575?__cf_chl_tk=wW.pLFQyLwVW0KtiAmdiwtvvKznrFdpN0xA1W4pLqr0-1743723029-1.0.1.1-RcCNLiSXMEDKfK2.bTK8.aGYs2VkM41moHWDCLPbOhA",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1743723029',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/cgi\/doi\/10.3368\/le.83.4.575?__cf_chl_f_tk=wW.pLFQyLwVW0KtiAmdiwtvvKznrFdpN0xA1W4pLqr0-1743723029-1.0.1.1-RcCNLiSXMEDKfK2.bTK8.aGYs2VkM41moHWDCLPbOhA",md: "ruqvJEmm0scguluPvIRVNVkEOHY3xbY0irXsYni9EBU-1743723029-1.2.1.1-qd5a2OzBiIeB3cAlJaxXakqkNjHqhI68oL6dv8WzNB20p4xhQEz8Njr60ZevHy_JKcGagUj98CvIoWQkX7Pr1yqV2oNjHR8T7isA68Kbqx291I7xIwV_vxsS8Os2YfQ4XYCAf3AJ7AH68I2eBEQBI86JMptAftOuLKTMDGWMU65t2Dlb0bUCYfFfkz_nW20J2ssvQV.IZwJnp96dO5v.uxBYgg6ga3QtXfGz4pc_39eyI_7RCRmesfm3L6sXb7BWa58ASSc4BOad9WSbl5.F21RU7nm8nf1aApxBiosys0OmFzR7pEEo_FigWVHkh.nWvlsNC_4bRI_w_eEWtiAQUl0tUAIcgSl21brOAe3SWzKoF0fgfh1xWhDpkhLEJsFMtc5TodZIjZMLjlsL4MzBMhebAlR_ei47haCzx7yMs0sdHesx6tz1y7rphfAGGzRnqDr5TCQn9JZjUpzsf0aYfBiY4guf4luvy6pHZtjxin7DhYid8_zbQNrEpeZG_Wc4XiAshidMH1CF6YK4PBx9vE.7X0iVFx1eEzYjh0ElgURtb72G6pu1EpKj9OJ_9iNy_gfKkDm_rgKld1DMzAwyHSE2kGDmITyYwZCoAUKdX1AKZePo1eJ83NMFJG_z.s5yvxeZIlg3ALw.ElncVlQye7ggJ2oUe1QFKIs5HJCTKbhtkPp..wFhmxMFih2qf2GNpGZAPP6S8iLCVcMstq4HYGZWcRoBxWhe1uCmgf2SZkiy86mJlpiLoKPyVEEO2OBjkOKOpW6wfjWwMy.vbTbaVc7tvsTu6kCYdJPfDHpFLd6nB8eRsbrQLlZeod4sZPw6EnY7LiabL5_tzQKmbI9k8K4NMoqEYagvOMRy9uoRl9KoB9X_QRK7fzUZEVDMwQhGWKoPWFoLppe766RqmpmA50xeLrlO30fx8ZrcPO6gZ2r4GRJPxSu1kn6dnAhSGlV01FvHirJyj1gGrS3UvL3nhyk0Vp3QNOoAFodhajsf5voalebDP0Uzw5Jr4PHCmEGzCBsZSJFzUaLk83zqFBom5pjXOgBkNNL2sh10oT.nqA2ITNwiqeUaTyuTSFasEcq5zo_l4_IjEUFxaSO7ZEeoIZ9PBKnIA6WrYfer1dt7kHPdt26I6t9o06qkb1kgLnRgyn57la.bci1I6.CnhBN9ey.VZedK0AQOwSCkZiFvV6uMeEnBomyeBu4h28hQP0j0Td32dBip3ghivJr1rvOqJ1.EsDBpkaHzNomhqIWrFp3Kh_M8I3rSDQXtUaD_jyN8",mdrd: "EPe9dLq3m4ZFuzaEyolUnScD50wmNgvUhGAdTbRrrmA-1743723029-1.2.1.1-JF1CfWCT3NcLrsE6x0PpLBZHc7xmBk8Bfvw1XwIoiRMfvQyHwXeEH9RH_gaxbE.1RQpNXzBIS65thDoC6Ehc.cDfOhgvOMJ3f6P7xd8Lsde.RwMx5hEJ58k04YexVhqRpsFeVaw._qW6gzxrK6B5F0Dweezt15v.UHBhHtTrrKf1Rj2lMcwCC8Gwnq2kxbBXHCxgKmJF7BxSYEwUiG8OsD.UAPG5FPqJhMvVkJjgMt9v.4qKjDfikq7Rpx8Osck0d8xb1nctscINeGfzVrO9Yb7aF2V6o1JXzbLJRKrPA_DB2zgrnuTHRaSdffaT9NXMSTMRNnFZa1OnC3i2Sxpe4HgssxnYP0ZII9JyRQwFBgZZl.yDbMtJCWihe3p0oY7Y5wbr9cBCvthp4ancqkM3I4VRoKI1ENirYl06PwtQbrcKffREVu_2TBJN7hggwXl4J8Yl10fkUnIAoDZY3YtuakzIjJlGEL9_5Z6EH5IxXX_elPsAQKP08_bXc5GcdeUZEio8wXvmPBmcej81Nhc3jw1qgR5jvuRPoCRkj7RFNSlmqsJKqkvsFg7JQU3JoUX.bMhLTUFytfcEHMS0KE2XgDAHU5c2FC1PpdWlE6qrcq.Q.m1o22tvhJjgsB5cSjzVRGK978YhR_4le_bJKZ3crEznTRQCElnV6ZVpYwMN9lfYxwt4mIRlA.tTNPlih8RI8lMqTNgGdIM1vZZ3UPJlg2kCQiEhL8ci54tjZVeInJ2XAkzDsOwZIPybQEU7eUE7ncgITojrCZ67SK6fk2oVrOrXQVcN3.opwa31jsd1N09BotgbfcsdiInJdeeXKlL207EXoEvSvGw2YMQFqjDfe5FlZsiSr.pvJqxle.uN_QdAxInQu1FAsJa3YIc0wdmRoO41JZH4113Eev6A4ebzQTnVjDHQFgv3QTtCJo74nd9iRTVCMfluYtet8fWcSTQiZAx9HNzJJ52q2GndZL0Bcun0J90ESzsfNrvbl3E87FW2VoThUviF4xRjQlfzSgfZsS3rZ1WZuESYEqRpEmHmSwyurJgGTKdGGCWqhO5c45OYpOMSUlCtClj8i8WWCHMID6ER.Y_rlmEsgWID.KUPIQl9lZzmELsEK5cT3D0VhVjKEqQ7Ndpzygffh2FqrAfTDufveStnQL1IpZiAMKDnHi1JnXjA8HgkES7ANgpgMjqV_jbGPMZJ8KyFLhCJDCgfdyF27cECac1hAtLxuqccEqQxJIDzUCYnlJmWw3f18QHNWLK9wRmZackEhmIlSlYBVL2WvLvyp9eOWcq4udrkXFerRhwmNbZeq5YE8dAsml.hhbjNwWnCdXIovYvk9TdiFAniKXV9JfcLBiGTT1e88BtfWdwUlsRqEst98CoMKeUc0mGJAtdfDBr1YPOH1qp.GuMDTIclttRsSZfbfoOR4eevkSDSwC0.AKq7zTA89PHVqJuku7X9Ys2ZwYe_qVv.Y0Ptyx7N_YnljnkeUFiDfSkyhViloofvpRK.xoJs6qsk4baZYtZPW_0RQrnrGUytKF4voCoUtj5mGx1FY7I26iTK2HYR_0TbMoNtfh0GfqMsVTw9k35j1RNbJwiP2jcbzm.nLGwqR5rx4l4h9my9NeMYSdfLa6Uz8XTd8_oqMba0XKhF6hXgUsXyum9N3PZFbJ7QRfgbsUzVq3LdcptM7m20UvjaEAKwkya5bHvAhepWiWAII9rEfITH9EACzlDgZXg.nHzNRprPxesu13GhF4lCfHsa5m0FZYmQHm.PV69HfnZWy2BpqFAhdy1aUUWu2dVRB4VDfiuR2O.fFKyJ6MBUuUv3irhLXJwMSv53tD4MJEcZZ2OQq3mIylDUrMwVBYUDQkKjTx4Kc2BGPnZpG1uudjwfazzsKsoDAm8JegQ8nG88ndX2hG9Qvor.5SI_vzEs3ngodSPsZicgmJWpotsDZuOgPMFfcVUaZEmD0zce9ItatezHe9fXglMdFABTppUQ.9EXCVv4ycF3Cmm4iW_wks32WVBcqL10NUnqkWEMdCd9XVFj.fZi9tGEGXdxFpr5dvh2C1T5xqR1zp25EMhEUdoG_1hz_qz96bXjIFs"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92ac5aa8b945f90a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/cgi\/doi\/10.3368\/le.83.4.575?__cf_chl_rt_tk=wW.pLFQyLwVW0KtiAmdiwtvvKznrFdpN0xA1W4pLqr0-1743723029-1.0.1.1-RcCNLiSXMEDKfK2.bTK8.aGYs2VkM41moHWDCLPbOhA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>