CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: scope setter</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: scope setter"> <meta name="keywords" content="scope setter"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="scope setter" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="scope setter"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1236</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: scope setter</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1236</span> ASEAN Limited Centrality in Connectivity: Managing the China-Japan Infrastructure Competition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbora%20Valockova">Barbora Valockova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scholars recommend the establishment of a multilateral coordination mechanism by ASEAN, such as an infrastructure forum, to contain the China-Japan infrastructure financing competition in the region. However, they do not systematically investigate the reasons for its absence. This paper aims to fill the gap by addressing the following question: Why has ASEAN been unable to set up any multilateral coordination mechanism to soften the China-Japan infrastructure financing competition? This paper argues that ASEAN has not been able to set up such a mechanism due to its limited centrality in connectivity. This limited centrality decreases ASEAN’s ability to manage the China-Japan competition in a more comprehensive and coordinated way. Rather, ASEAN acts as a scope setter in connectivity, although this is not completely ineffective. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section explores the key tenets of the concept of ASEAN centrality in connectivity, which is under-examined in the current literature. The second section examines the extent to which ASEAN limited centrality in connectivity is being respected by China and Japan. The third section analyses how various stakeholders, such as ASEAN member states, their leaders and bureaucracy, and foreign private companies prevent ASEAN from attaining stronger centrality. The last section concludes and offers recommendations. Data is gathered using primary sources (official ASEAN, Chinese, and Japanese documents, interviews, etc.) and secondary material. By providing a nuanced analysis of ASEAN centrality in connectivity and developing a new operationalization of the concept, this paper aims to contribute to the international relations literature on ASEAN centrality. Initial findings suggest that while ASEAN limited centrality in connectivity has some effectiveness, it is not sufficient for setting up a multilateral coordination mechanism. While it represents a solid departure point, any potential possessed by ASEAN to evolve beyond a scope setter in connectivity is hampered by stakeholders involved in infrastructure development. While these players and their interactions can have both positive and negative effects on the scope set by ASEAN, it is unlikely that they would allow ASEAN to become the real central player. There can be no stronger ASEAN centrality in connectivity without ASEAN unity and neutrality. However, the last two factors are difficult to attain in the context of infrastructure development since ASEAN member states and stakeholders all have their styles and preferences. All other things being equal, these circumstances favor a loose, vague, and quasi-prescriptive arrangement among the relevant stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN%20centrality" title="ASEAN centrality">ASEAN centrality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China-Japan%20infrastructure%20competition" title=" China-Japan infrastructure competition"> China-Japan infrastructure competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter" title=" scope setter"> scope setter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127188/asean-limited-centrality-in-connectivity-managing-the-china-japan-infrastructure-competition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1235</span> A Factor-Analytical Approach on Identities in Environmentally Significant Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20M.%20Udall">Alina M. Udall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judith%20de%20Groot"> Judith de Groot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20de%20Jong"> Simon de Jong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avi%20Shankar"> Avi Shankar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many ways in which environmentally significant behavior can be explained. Dominant psychological theories, namely, the theory of planned behavior, the norm-activation theory, its extension, the value-belief-norm theory, and the theory of habit do not explain large parts of environmentally significant behaviors. A new and rapidly growing approach is to focus on how consumer’s identities predict environmentally significant behavior. Identity may be relevant because consumers have many identities that are assumed to guide their behavior. Therefore, we assume that many identities will guide environmentally significant behavior. Many identities can be relevant for environmentally significant behavior. In reviewing the literature, over 200 identities have been studied making it difficult to establish the key identities for explaining environmentally significant behavior. Therefore, this paper first aims to establish the key identities previously used for explaining environmentally significant behavior. Second, the aim is to test which key identities explain environmentally significant behavior. To address the aims, an online survey study (n = 578) is conducted. First, the exploratory factor analysis reveals 15 identity factors. The identity factors are namely, environmentally concerned identity, anti-environmental self-identity, environmental place identity, connectedness with nature identity, green space visitor identity, active ethical identity, carbon off-setter identity, thoughtful self-identity, close community identity, anti-carbon off-setter identity, environmental group member identity, national identity, identification with developed countries, cyclist identity, and thoughtful organisation identity. Furthermore, to help researchers understand and operationalize the identities, the article provides theoretical definitions for each of the identities, in line with identity theory, social identity theory, and place identity theory. Second, the hierarchical regression shows only 10 factors significantly uniquely explain the variance in environmentally significant behavior. In order of predictive power the identities are namely, environmentally concerned identity, anti-environmental self-identity, thoughtful self-identity, environmental group member identity, anti-carbon off-setter identity, carbon off-setter identity, connectedness with nature identity, national identity, and green space visitor identity. The identities explain over 60% of the variance in environmentally significant behavior, a large effect size. Based on this finding, the article reveals a new, theoretical framework showing the key identities explaining environmentally significant behavior, to help improve and align the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally%20significant%20behavior" title="environmentally significant behavior">environmentally significant behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20analysis" title=" factor analysis"> factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20identity" title=" place identity"> place identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity" title=" social identity"> social identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61651/a-factor-analytical-approach-on-identities-in-environmentally-significant-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1234</span> Estimate Robert Gordon University's Scope Three Emissions by Nearest Neighbor Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayak%20Amar">Nayak Amar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turner%20Naomi"> Turner Naomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gobina%20Edward"> Gobina Edward</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Scottish Higher Education Institutes must report their scope 1 & 2 emissions, whereas reporting scope 3 is optional. Scope 3 is indirect emissions which embodies a significant component of total carbon footprint and therefore it is important to record, measure and report it accurately. Robert Gordon University (RGU) reported only business travel, grid transmission and distribution, water supply and transport, and recycling scope 3 emissions. This study estimates the RGUs total scope 3 emissions by comparing it with a similar HEI in scale. The scope 3 emission reporting of sixteen Scottish HEI was studied. Glasgow Caledonian University was identified as the nearest neighbour by comparing its students' full time equivalent, staff full time equivalent, research-teaching split, budget, and foundation year. Apart from the peer, data was also collected from the Higher Education Statistics Agency database. RGU reported emissions from business travel, grid transmission and distribution, water supply, and transport and recycling. This study estimated RGUs scope 3 emissions from procurement, student-staff commute, and international student trip. The result showed that RGU covered only 11% of the scope 3 emissions. The major contributor to scope 3 emissions were procurement (48%), student commute (21%), international student trip (16%), and staff commute (4%). The estimated scope 3 emission was more than 14 times the reported emissions. This study has shown the relative importance of each scope 3 emissions source, which gives a guideline for the HEIs, on where to focus their attention to capture maximum scope 3 emissions. Moreover, it has demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the scope 3 emissions with limited data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEI" title="HEI">HEI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20calculations" title=" emission calculations"> emission calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%203%20emissions" title=" scope 3 emissions"> scope 3 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions%20reporting" title=" emissions reporting"> emissions reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157954/estimate-robert-gordon-universitys-scope-three-emissions-by-nearest-neighbor-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1233</span> Implementation of Social Network Analysis to Analyze the Dependency between Construction Bid Packages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawalpreet%20Kaur">Kawalpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiotis%20Mitropoulos"> Panagiotis Mitropoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The division of the project scope into work packages is the most important step in the preconstruction phase of construction projects. The work division determines the scope and complexity of each bid package, resulting in dependencies between project participants performing these work packages. The coordination between project participants is necessary because of these dependencies. Excessive dependencies between the bid packages create coordination difficulties, leading to delays, added costs, and contractual friction among project participants. However, the literature on construction provides limited knowledge regarding work structuring approaches, issues, and challenges. Manufacturing industry literature provides a systematic approach to defining the project scope into work packages, and the implementation of social network analysis (SNA) in manufacturing is an effective approach to defining and analyzing the divided scope of work at the dependencies level. This paper presents a case study of implementing a similar approach using SNA in construction bid packages. The study uses SNA to analyze the scope of bid packages and determine the dependency between scope elements. The method successfully identifies the bid package with the maximum interaction with other trade contractors and the scope elements that are crucial for project performance. The analysis provided graphical and quantitative information on bid package dependencies. The study can be helpful in performing an analysis to determine the dependencies between bid packages and their scope elements and how these scope elements are critical for project performance. The study illustrates the potential use of SNA as a systematic approach to analyzing bid package dependencies in construction projects, which can guide the division of crucial scope elements to minimize negative impacts on project performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20structuring" title="work structuring">work structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bid%20packages" title=" bid packages"> bid packages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20breakdown" title=" work breakdown"> work breakdown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20participants" title=" project participants"> project participants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165592/implementation-of-social-network-analysis-to-analyze-the-dependency-between-construction-bid-packages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1232</span> The Interplay between Consumer Knowledge, Cognitive Effort, Financial Healthiness and Trust in the Financial Marketplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torben%20Hansen">Torben Hansen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While trust has long been regarded as one of the most critical variables for developing and maintaining well-functioning financial customer-seller relationships it can be suggested that trust not only relates to customer trust in individual companies (narrow-scope trust). Trust also relates to the broader business context in which consumers may carry out their financial behaviour (broad-scope trust). However, despite the well-recognized significance of trust in marketing research, only few studies have investigated the role of broad-scope trust in consumer financial behaviour. Moreover, as one of its many serious outcomes, the global financial crisis has elevated the need for an improved understanding of the role of broad-scope trust in consumer financial services markets. Only a minority of US and European consumers are currently confident in financial companies and ‘financial stability’ and ‘trust’ are now among the top reasons for choosing a bank. This research seeks to address this shortcoming in the marketing literature by investigating direct and moderating effects of broad-scope trust on consumer financial behaviour. Specifically, we take an ability-effort approach to consumer financial behaviour. The ability-effort approach holds the basic premise that the quality of consumer actions is influenced by ability factors, for example consumer knowledge and cognitive effort. Our study is based on two surveys. Survey 1 comprises 1,155 bank consumers, whereas survey 2 comprises 764 pension consumers. The results indicate that broad-scope trust negatively moderates relationships between knowledge and financial healthiness and between cognitive effort and financial healthiness. In addition, it is demonstrated that broad-scope trust negatively influences cognitive effort. Specifically, the results suggest that broad-scope trust contributes to the financial well-being of consumers with limited financial knowledge and processing capabilities. Since financial companies are dependent on customers to pay their loans and bills they have a greater interest in developing relations with consumers with a healthy financial behaviour than with the opposite. Hence, financial managers should be engaged with monitoring and influencing broad-scope trust. To conclude, by taking into account the contextual effect of broad-scope trust, the present study adds to our understanding of knowledge-effort-behaviour relationship in consumer financial markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20effort" title="cognitive effort">cognitive effort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer-seller%20relationships" title=" customer-seller relationships"> customer-seller relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20healthiness" title=" financial healthiness"> financial healthiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23370/the-interplay-between-consumer-knowledge-cognitive-effort-financial-healthiness-and-trust-in-the-financial-marketplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1231</span> Template Design Packages for Repetitive Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Youniss%20Aidbaiss">Ali Youniss Aidbaiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Unnikrishnan"> G. Unnikrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anoob%20Hakim"> Anoob Hakim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scope changes, scope creeps, cost and time overruns have become common in projects in the oil and gas sector. Even in repetitive projects, failure to implement lessons learnt and correct past mistakes have resulted in various setbacks. This paper describes the concept of reusing successfully implemented design packages as templates for repetitive projects, and thereby lowering the instances of project failures. Units or systems successfully installed in projects can be identified and taken up for preparing template design packages. Standardization of units and systems helps to develop templates from successful designs which can be repeatedly used with confidence. These packages can be used with minimum modifications for developing FEED packages faster, saving cost and other valuable resources. Lessons learnt from the completed project incorporated in the templates avoid repeating past mistakes during detailed design, procurement and execution. With template packages, consistent quality can be maintained for similar projects, avoiding scope creep and scope changes which will ultimately result in cost and time savings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20work%20package" title="engineering work package">engineering work package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetitive%20construction" title=" repetitive construction"> repetitive construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=template%20design%20package" title=" template design package"> template design package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20saving%20in%20projects" title=" time saving in projects"> time saving in projects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63088/template-design-packages-for-repetitive-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1230</span> Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Control Criterion in Determining Consolidation Scope in the Public Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Batool%20Zarei">Batool Zarei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to answer this question whether control criterion with two elements of power and benefit which is introduced as 'control criterion of consolidation scope' in national and international standards of accounting in public sector (and also private sector) is efficient enough or not. The methodology of this study is comparative and the results of this research are significantly generalizable, due to the given importance to the sample of countries which were studied. Findings of this study states that in spite of pervasive use of control criterion (including 2 elements of power and benefit), criteria for determining the existence of control in public sector accounting standards, are not efficient enough to determine the consolidation scope of whole of government financial statements in a way that meet decision making and accountability needs of managers, policy makers and supervisors; specially parliament. Therefore, the researcher believes that for determining consolidation scope in public sector, in addition to economic view, it is better to pay attention to budgetary, legal and statistical concepts and also to practical and financial risk and define indicators for proving the existence of control (power and benefit) which include accountability relationships (budgetary relation, legal form and nature of activity). these findings also reveals the necessity of passing a comprehensive public financial management (PFM) legislation in order to redefine the characteristics of public sector entities and whole of government financial statements scope and review Statistics organizations and central banks duties for preparing government financial statistics and national accounts in order to achieve sustainable development and resilient economy goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title="control">control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation%20scope" title=" consolidation scope"> consolidation scope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sector%20accounting" title=" public sector accounting"> public sector accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20financial%20statistics" title=" government financial statistics"> government financial statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilient%20economy" title=" resilient economy"> resilient economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53820/comparative-study-to-evaluate-the-efficacy-of-control-criterion-in-determining-consolidation-scope-in-the-public-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1229</span> Predicting the Impact of Scope Changes on Project Cost and Schedule Using Machine Learning Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Sadeghi">Soheila Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the dynamic landscape of project management, scope changes are an inevitable reality that can significantly impact project performance. These changes, whether initiated by stakeholders, external factors, or internal project dynamics, can lead to cost overruns and schedule delays. Accurately predicting the consequences of these changes is crucial for effective project control and informed decision-making. This study aims to develop predictive models to estimate the impact of scope changes on project cost and schedule using machine learning techniques. The research utilizes a comprehensive dataset containing detailed information on project tasks, including the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), task type, productivity rate, estimated cost, actual cost, duration, task dependencies, scope change magnitude, and scope change timing. Multiple machine learning models are developed and evaluated to predict the impact of scope changes on project cost and schedule. These models include Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Ridge Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost. The dataset is split into training and testing sets, and the models are trained using the preprocessed data. Cross-validation techniques are employed to assess the robustness and generalization ability of the models. The performance of the models is evaluated using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and R-squared. Residual plots are generated to assess the goodness of fit and identify any patterns or outliers. Hyperparameter tuning is performed to optimize the XGBoost model and improve its predictive accuracy. The feature importance analysis reveals the relative significance of different project attributes in predicting the impact on cost and schedule. Key factors such as productivity rate, scope change magnitude, task dependencies, estimated cost, actual cost, duration, and specific WBS elements are identified as influential predictors. The study highlights the importance of considering both cost and schedule implications when managing scope changes. The developed predictive models provide project managers with a data-driven tool to proactively assess the potential impact of scope changes on project cost and schedule. By leveraging these insights, project managers can make informed decisions, optimize resource allocation, and develop effective mitigation strategies. The findings of this research contribute to improved project planning, risk management, and overall project success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20impact" title="cost impact">cost impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20modeling" title=" predictive modeling"> predictive modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schedule%20impact" title=" schedule impact"> schedule impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20changes" title=" scope changes"> scope changes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187305/predicting-the-impact-of-scope-changes-on-project-cost-and-schedule-using-machine-learning-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1228</span> Utilizing AI Green Grader Scope to Promote Environmental Responsibility Among University Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Taha%20Kandil">Tarek Taha Kandil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In higher education, the use of automated grading systems is on the rise, automating the assessment of students' work and providing practical feedback. Sustainable Grader Scope addresses the environmental impact of these computational tasks. This system uses an AI-powered algorithm and is designed to minimize grading process emissions. It reduces carbon emissions through energy-efficient computing and carbon-conscious scheduling. Students submit their computational workloads to the system, which evaluates submissions using containers and a distributed infrastructure. A carbon-conscious scheduler manages workloads across global campuses, optimizing emissions using real-time carbon intensity data. This ensures the university stays within government-set emission limits while tracking and reducing its carbon footprint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20graders" title=" green graders"> green graders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20sustainable%20grader%20scope" title=" digital sustainable grader scope"> digital sustainable grader scope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20responsibility%3B%20higher%20education." title=" environmental responsibility; higher education."> environmental responsibility; higher education.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194789/utilizing-ai-green-grader-scope-to-promote-environmental-responsibility-among-university-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1227</span> The Term of Intellectual Property and Artificial Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Turan">Yusuf Turan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Definition of Intellectual Property Rights according to the World Intellectual Property Organization: " Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce." It states as follows. There are 2 important points in the definition; we can say that it is the result of intellectual activities that occur by one or more than one PERSON and as INNOVATION. When the history and development of the relevant definitions are briefly examined, it is realized that these two points have remained constant and Intellectual Property law and rights have been shaped around these two points. With the expansion of the scope of the term Intellectual Property as a result of the development of technology, especially in the field of artificial intelligence, questions such as "Can "Artificial Intelligence" be an inventor?" need to be resolved within the expanding scope. In the past years, it was ruled that the artificial intelligence named DABUS seen in the USA did not meet the definition of "individual" and therefore would be an inventor/inventor. With the developing technology, it is obvious that we will encounter such situations much more frequently in the field of intellectual property. While expanding the scope, we should definitely determine the boundaries of how we should decide who performs the mental activity or creativity that we call indispensable on the inventor/inventor according to these problems. As a result of all these problems and innovative situations, it is clearly realized that not only Intellectual Property Law and Rights but also their definitions need to be updated and improved. Ignoring the situations that are outside the scope of the current Intellectual Property Term is not enough to solve the problem and brings uncertainty. The fact that laws and definitions that have been operating on the same theories for years exclude today's innovative technologies from the scope contradicts intellectual property, which is expressed as a new and innovative field. Today, as a result of the innovative creation of poetry, painting, animation, music and even theater works with artificial intelligence, it must be recognized that the definition of Intellectual Property must be revised. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20term%20of%20intellectual%20property" title=" the term of intellectual property"> the term of intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right" title=" right"> right</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172798/the-term-of-intellectual-property-and-artificial-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1226</span> Methodology of Islamic Economics: Scope and Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abdulkadir%20Ibrahim">Ahmad Abdulkadir Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Observation of the methodology of Islamic economics laid down for the methods and instruments of analysis and even some of its basic assumptions in the modern world; is a matter that is of paramount importance. There is a need to examine the implications of different suggested definitions of Islamic economics, exploring its scope and attempting to outline its methodology. This paper attempts to deal with the definition of Islamic economics, its methodology, and its scope. It will outline the main methodological problem by addressing the question of whether Islamic economics calls for a methodology of its own or as an expanded economics. It also aims at drawing the attention of economists in the modern world to the obligation and consideration of the methodology of Islamic economics. The methodology adopted in this research is library research through the consultation of relevant literature, which focuses on the thematic study of the subject matter. This is followed by an analysis and discussion of the contents of the materials used. It is concluded that there is a certain degree of inconsistency in the way assumptions are incorporated that perhaps are alien to Islamic economics. The paper also observed that there is a difference between Islamic economists and other (conventional) economists in the profession. An important conclusion is that Islamic economists need to rethink what economics is all about and whether we really have to create an alternative to economics in the form of Islamic economics or simply have an Islamic perspective of the same discipline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title="methodology">methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20economics" title=" Islamic economics"> Islamic economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20economics" title=" conventional economics"> conventional economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20economists" title=" Muslim economists"> Muslim economists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162447/methodology-of-islamic-economics-scope-and-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1225</span> Case Study Approach Using Scenario Analysis to Analyze Unabsorbed Head Office Overheads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20C.%20Iyer">K. C. Iyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Gupta"> T. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Bindal"> Y. M. Bindal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Head office overhead (HOOH) is an indirect cost and is recovered through individual project billings by the contractor. Delay in a project impacts the absorption of HOOH cost allocated to that particular project and thus diminishes the expected profit of the contractor. This unabsorbed HOOH cost is later claimed by contractors as damages. The subjective nature of the available formulae to compute unabsorbed HOOH is the difficulty that contractors and owners face and thus dispute it. The paper attempts to bring together the rationale of various HOOH formulae by gathering contractor’s HOOH cost data on all of its project, using case study approach and comparing variations in values of HOOH using scenario analysis. The case study approach uses project data collected from four construction projects of a contractor in India to calculate unabsorbed HOOH costs from various available formulae. Scenario analysis provides further variations in HOOH values after considering two independent situations mainly scope changes and new projects during the delay period. Interestingly, one of the findings in this study reveals that, in spite of HOOH getting absorbed by additional works available during the period of delay, a few formulae depict an increase in the value of unabsorbed HOOH, neglecting any absorption by the increase in scope. This indicates that these formulae are inappropriate for use in case of a change to the scope of work. Results of this study can help both parties in deciding on an appropriate formula more objectively, considering the events on a project causing the delay and contractor's position in respect of obtaining new projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorbed%20and%20unabsorbed%20overheads" title="absorbed and unabsorbed overheads">absorbed and unabsorbed overheads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20office%20overheads" title=" head office overheads"> head office overheads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario%20analysis" title=" scenario analysis"> scenario analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20variation" title=" scope variation"> scope variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97343/case-study-approach-using-scenario-analysis-to-analyze-unabsorbed-head-office-overheads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1224</span> By Removing High-Performance Aerobic Scope Phenotypes, Capture Fisheries May Reduce the Resilience of Fished Populations to Thermal Variability and Compromise Their Persistence into the Anthropocene. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauren%20A.%20Bailey">Lauren A. Bailey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amber%20R.%20Childs"> Amber R. Childs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20C.%20James"> Nicola C. James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murray%20I.%20Duncan"> Murray I. Duncan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Winkler"> Alexander Winkler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warren%20M.%20Potts"> Warren M. Potts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the persistence of fished populations in the Anthropocene, it is critical to predict how fished populations will respond to the coupled threats of exploitation and climate change for adaptive management. The resilience of fished populations will depend on their capacity for physiological plasticity and acclimatization in response to environmental shifts. However, there is evidence for the selection of physiological traits by capture fisheries. Hence, fish populations may have a limited scope for the rapid expansion of their tolerance ranges or physiological adaptation under fishing pressures. To determine the physiological vulnerability of fished populations in the Anthropocene, the metabolic performance was compared between a fished and spatially protected Chrysoblephus laticeps population in response to thermal variability. Individual aerobic scope phenotypes were quantified using intermittent flow respirometry by comparing changes in energy expenditure of each individual at ecologically relevant temperatures, mimicking variability experienced as a result of upwelling and downwelling events. The proportion of high and low-performance individuals were compared between the fished and spatially protected population. The fished population had limited aerobic scope phenotype diversity and fewer high-performance phenotypes, resulting in a significantly lower aerobic scope curve across low (10 °C) and high (24 °C) thermal treatments. The performance of fished populations may be compromised with predicted future increases in cold upwelling events. This requires the conservation of the physiologically fittest individuals in spatially protected areas, which can recruit into nearby fished areas, as a climate resilience tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20physiology" title=" fish physiology"> fish physiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20shifts" title=" metabolic shifts"> metabolic shifts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over-fishing" title=" over-fishing"> over-fishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respirometry" title=" respirometry"> respirometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129513/by-removing-high-performance-aerobic-scope-phenotypes-capture-fisheries-may-reduce-the-resilience-of-fished-populations-to-thermal-variability-and-compromise-their-persistence-into-the-anthropocene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1223</span> Analyze and Improve Project Delivery Time Enhancing Business Management System of Review and Approval Process for Project Design Submittals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20Alnajem">Abdulaziz Alnajem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Sharma"> Amit Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Business Case: Project delivery and enhancing activities' completion in the shortest possible time is critical during execution to proceed with the subsequent phases of Procurement, C & C phases of Contracts to have the required Production facilities/Infrastructure in place to achieve the Company strategic objective of 4.0 MBOPD oil production. SOR (Statement of requirement): Design and Engineering phase of Projects execution takes a long time. It is observed that, in most of the cases, company has crossed the Project Design Submittals review time as per the Contract/Company Standards, resulting into delays in projects completion, and cost impact to the company. Study Scope: Scope of the study covers the process from date of first submission of D & E documents by the contractor to final approval by the controlling team to proceed with the procurement of materials. This scope covers projects handled by the company’s project management teams and includes only the internal review process by the company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20management%20system" title="business management system">business management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas" title=" oil and gas"> oil and gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delays" title=" delays"> delays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60260/analyze-and-improve-project-delivery-time-enhancing-business-management-system-of-review-and-approval-process-for-project-design-submittals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1222</span> Aligning the Sustainability Policy Areas for Decarbonisation and Value Addition at an Organisational Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishal%20Baniya">Bishal Baniya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes the sustainability related policy areas for decarbonisation and value addition at an organizational level. General and public sector organizations around the world are usually significant in terms of consuming resources and producing waste – powered through their massive procurement capacity. However, these organizations also possess huge potential to cut resource use and emission as many of these organizations controls supply chain of goods/services. They can therefore be a trend setter and can easily lead other major economic sectors such as manufacturing, construction and mining, transportation, etc. in pursuit towards paradigm shift for sustainability. Whilst the environmental and social awareness has improved in recent years and they have identified policy areas to improve the organizational environmental performance, value addition to the core business of the organization hasn’t been understood and interpreted correctly. This paper therefore investigates ways to align sustainability policy measures in a way that it creates better value proposition relative to benchmark by accounting both eco and social efficiency. Preliminary analysis shows co-benefits other than resource and cost savings fosters the business cases for organizations and this can be achieved by better aligning the policy measures and engaging stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20measures" title="policy measures">policy measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20performance" title=" environmental performance"> environmental performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20proposition" title=" value proposition"> value proposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20level" title=" organisational level"> organisational level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86782/aligning-the-sustainability-policy-areas-for-decarbonisation-and-value-addition-at-an-organisational-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1221</span> Energy Management System with Temperature Rise Prevention on Hybrid Ships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asser%20S.%20Abdelwahab">Asser S. Abdelwahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20H.%20Abbasy"> Nabil H. Abbasy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragi%20A.%20Hamdy"> Ragi A. Hamdy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine shipping has now become one of the major worldwide contributors to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid ships technology based on multiple energy sources has taken a great scope of research to get rid of ship emissions and cut down fuel expenses. Insufficiency between power generated and the demand load to withstand the transient behavior on ships during severe climate conditions will lead to a blackout. Thus, an efficient energy management system (EMS) is a mandatory scope for achieving higher system efficiency while enhancing the lifetime of the onboard storage systems is another salient EMS scope. Considering energy storage system conditions, both the battery state of charge (SOC) and temperature represent important parameters to prevent any malfunction of the storage system that eventually degrades the whole system. In this paper, a two battery packs ratio fuzzy logic control model is proposed. The overall aim is to control the charging/discharging current while including both the battery SOC and temperature in the energy management system. The full designs of the proposed controllers are described and simulated using Matlab. The results prove the successfulness of the proposed controller in stabilizing the system voltage during both loading and unloading while keeping the energy storage system in a healthy condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage%20system" title="energy storage system">energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20shipboard" title=" power shipboard"> power shipboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20ship" title=" hybrid ship"> hybrid ship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20runaway" title=" thermal runaway"> thermal runaway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143081/energy-management-system-with-temperature-rise-prevention-on-hybrid-ships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1220</span> The Theory and Practice of Translanguaging: Scope, Potential and Limitations in a Multilingual Urban Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luzia%20Dominguez">Luzia Dominguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the concept of ‘translanguaging’ and the relevance of its pedagogical application in the context of foreign language education in a multilingual urban environment. We review relevant literature discussing this theoretical concept, its scope, potential, and limitations when applied to the teaching of foreign languages. We then discuss its possible practical application in Welsh secondary schools, particularly in the most diverse areas of the Welsh capital, Cardiff (United Kingdom). The concept of translanguaging has evolved in scope, from its initial application in the teaching of Welsh and English in the Welsh bilingual context to finding a relevant space not only in the international arena of Sociolinguistics and language pedagogy but also being present in current Welsh educational policies and, presumably, practices. However, it is important to consider the actual pedagogical relevance of incorporating this concept into these policies, particularly in the teaching of Modern Foreign Languages. Additionally, it is important to examine any social factors that may influence the effectiveness of its application in the social context, in our case, a multilingual, ethnically diverse urban context. By analyzing these issues, we aim to explore possible teaching practices that could be pedagogically effective in applying the concept in Cardiff secondary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title="pedagogy">pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20foreign%20languages" title=" modern foreign languages"> modern foreign languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20linguistics" title=" applied linguistics"> applied linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182797/the-theory-and-practice-of-translanguaging-scope-potential-and-limitations-in-a-multilingual-urban-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1219</span> Partner Selection for Innovation Projects Related to New Product Concept Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odd%20Jarl%20Borch">Odd Jarl Borch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Z.%20Solesvik"> Marina Z. Solesvik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper analyses partner selection approaches related to large scale R&D-based innovation projects at the different stages of development. We emphasize innovation projects in the maritime value chain and how partners are selected to improve quality according to high spec customer demands, and to reduce investment costs on new production technology such as advanced offshore service vessels. We elaborate on the differences in innovation approach and especially the role that purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge from external partners may be used to accelerate internal innovation. We present three cases related to different projects in terms of specificity and scope. We explore how the partner selection criteria change over time when the goals move from wide scope to a very specific R&D tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partner%20selection" title="partner selection">partner selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20industry" title=" offshore industry"> offshore industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20design" title=" concept design"> concept design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12171/partner-selection-for-innovation-projects-related-to-new-product-concept-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1218</span> An Examination of Teachers’ Interactive Whiteboards Use within the Scope of Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Celik">Ismail Celik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlo%20Antonenko"> Pavlo Antonenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyit%20Ahmet%20Kiray"> Seyit Ahmet Kiray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Sahin"> Ismail Sahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to thoroughly investigate the teachers’ interactive whiteboards (IWBs) use within the scope of the technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework based on the school practice observations of in-service teachers collected by pre-service teachers. In this study, teachers’ use of IWBs in their classes was investigated by using phenomenography, which is a qualitative research method design. The participants of this study consisted of teachers working in a province of Turkey. Within the scope of the study, 337 teachers from 61 different schools were observed by preservice teachers during School Experience classes. The teachers use the IWBs to review the points not understood by the students, to share knowledge, to enhance motivation, to maintain student participation/practice and for in-process, formative assessment. The problems teachers face while using the IWBs can be IWB-based (touchscreen problems/frozen image/lack of software), administration-based, student-based and teacher-based (lack of knowledge of use, need for technical support). It is considered that technological knowledge (TK) is important in solving the problems experienced with IWBs, and technological pedagogy knowledge (TPK) and technological content knowledge (TCK) are important in using the IWBs in an interactive and pedagogically meaningful way that uses IWBs affordances and is relevant to the instructional objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPACK" title="TPACK">TPACK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20integration" title=" technology integration"> technology integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactive%20whiteboard" title=" interactive whiteboard"> interactive whiteboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20in%20education" title=" technology in education"> technology in education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60488/an-examination-of-teachers-interactive-whiteboards-use-within-the-scope-of-technological-pedagogical-and-content-knowledge-tpack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1217</span> Electrophilic Halogen-Induced Spirocyclization of 2-Alkynolylaryloate Esters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krittapast%20Dara-Opast">Krittapast Dara-Opast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sureeporn%20Ruengsangtongkul"> Sureeporn Ruengsangtongkul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jumreang%20Tummatorn"> Jumreang Tummatorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittipong%20Chainok"> Kittipong Chainok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onrapak%20Reamtong"> Onrapak Reamtong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somsak%20Ruchirawat"> Somsak Ruchirawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charnsak%20Thongsornkleeb"> Charnsak Thongsornkleeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selective synthesis of gem-dihalo spiroisobenzofuran and spiroisocoumarin can be performed via halogenative double cyclization of methyl 2-(hydroxyalk-1-yn-1-yl) benzoates in the presence of either N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl). The combination of NCS and TMSCl led to the generation of electrophilic chlorine in situ, which activated the alkyne functional group of the substrate leading to the cyclization via either 5-exo-dig or 6-endo-dig mode of cyclization to produce the target compounds in moderate yields. The protocol could be carried on a broad scope of substrates under mild conditions (0 °C to rt). The parent compounds showed good antiparasitic activity compared to standard drug albendazole. Further investigation of the scope of the reaction and their antiparasitic activities is underway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiparasitic%20activities" title="antiparasitic activities">antiparasitic activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halogenative%20annulation" title=" halogenative annulation"> halogenative annulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirocycles" title=" spirocycles"> spirocycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirocyclization" title=" spirocyclization"> spirocyclization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139709/electrophilic-halogen-induced-spirocyclization-of-2-alkynolylaryloate-esters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1216</span> Spread of Measles Disease in Indonesia with Susceptible Vaccinated Infected Recovered Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septiawan%20A.%20Saputro">Septiawan A. Saputro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purnami%20Widyaningsih"> Purnami Widyaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sutanto%20Sastraredja"> Sutanto Sastraredja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measles is a disease which can spread caused by a virus and has been a priority’s Ministry of Health in Indonesia to be solved. Each infected person can be recovered and get immunity so that the spread of the disease can be constructed with susceptible infected recovered (SIR). To prevent the spread of measles transmission, the Ministry of Health holds vaccinations program. The aims of the research are to derive susceptible vaccinated infected recovered (SVIR) model, to determine the patterns of disease spread with SVIR model, and also to apply the SVIR model on the spread of measles in Indonesia. Based on the article, it can be concluded that the spread model of measles with vaccinations, that is SVIR model. It is a first-order differential equation system. The patterns of disease spread is determined by solution of the model. Based on that model Indonesia will be a measles-free nation in 2186 with the average of vaccinations scope about 88% and the average score of vaccinations failure about 4.9%. If it is simulated as Ministry of Health new programs with the average of vaccinations scope about 95% and the average score of vaccinations failure about 3%, then Indonesia will be a measles-free nation in 2184. Even with the average of vaccinations scope about 100% and no failure of vaccinations, Indonesia will be a measles-free nation in 2183. Indonesia’s target as a measles-free nation in 2020 has not been reached. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measles" title="measles">measles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible%0D%0Ainfected%20recovered%20%28SIR%29" title=" susceptible infected recovered (SIR)"> susceptible infected recovered (SIR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible%20vaccinated%20infected%20recovered%20%28SVIR%29" title=" susceptible vaccinated infected recovered (SVIR)"> susceptible vaccinated infected recovered (SVIR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73740/spread-of-measles-disease-in-indonesia-with-susceptible-vaccinated-infected-recovered-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1215</span> Nuances of Urban Ecology in the Present Global Scenario: Scope, Issues, Challenges and Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenakshi%20Pappu">Meenakshi Pappu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term, 'urban ecology' has often been misconstrued by the educational practitioners as well as the researchers as a study under a single discipline i.e., the environmental sciences. One who has done research extensively in this study would always argue that urban ecology is not a study under a single discipline, but it is a study across disciplines such as social sciences and other sciences like architecture, engineering, planning, ecology, geography, biology, economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology and health sciences. The aim of this paper is to discuss at length the scope of Urban Ecology as an interdisciplinary study. The paper highlights the nuances of urban ecology as a study across disciplines and the challenges and the implications it holds for future research by conducting a qualitative survey in the particular areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20practitioners" title="educational practitioners">educational practitioners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary" title=" interdisciplinary"> interdisciplinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=researchers" title=" researchers"> researchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20ecology" title=" urban ecology"> urban ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60758/nuances-of-urban-ecology-in-the-present-global-scenario-scope-issues-challenges-and-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1214</span> The EU’s Role in Exporting Digital Privacy and Security Standards: A Legal Framework for Global Normative Diffusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuval%20Reinfeld">Yuval Reinfeld</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the European Union’s expanding influence as a global regulatory power, particularly in the realms of legal, security, and privacy challenges within the digital landscape. As digital regulation becomes increasingly vital, the EU has positioned itself as a leading exporter of privacy and cybersecurity standards through landmark frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA), and the Digital Services Act (DSA). These regulations have set global benchmarks, extending their influence well beyond Europe’s borders by shaping legal frameworks in third countries and guiding the development of global digital governance. Central to this regulatory diffusion is the European Court of Justice (CJEU), whose rulings consistently reinforce and extend the reach of EU standards on an international scale. Through mechanisms such as trade agreements, adequacy decisions, and multilateral cooperation, the EU has constructed a regulatory ecosystem that other jurisdictions increasingly adopt. This paper investigates key CJEU cases to illustrate how the EU’s legal instruments in privacy, security, and AI contribute to its role as a global standard-setter. By examining the intersection of digital governance, international law, and normative power, this research provides a thorough analysis of the EU’s regulatory impact on global privacy, cybersecurity, and AI frameworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20privacy" title="digital privacy">digital privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title=" cybersecurity"> cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDPR" title=" GDPR"> GDPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union%20Law" title=" European Union Law"> European Union Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20normative%20power" title=" global normative power"> global normative power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191507/the-eus-role-in-exporting-digital-privacy-and-security-standards-a-legal-framework-for-global-normative-diffusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1213</span> Beyond Taguchi’s Concept of the Quality Loss Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Dev">Atul Dev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Jha"> Pankaj Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dr. Genichi Taguchi looked at quality in a broader term and gave an excellent definition of quality in terms of loss to society. However the scope of this definition is limited to the losses imparted by a poor quality product to the customer only and are considered during the useful life of the product and further in a certain situation this loss can even be zero. In this paper, it has been proposed that the scope of quality of a product shall be further enhanced by considering the losses imparted by a poor quality product to society at large, due to associated environmental and safety related factors, over the complete life cycle of the product. Moreover, though these losses can be further minimized with the use of techno-safety interventions, the net losses to society however can never be made zero. This paper proposes an entirely new approach towards defining product quality and is based on Taguchi’s definition of quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existing%20concept" title="existing concept">existing concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal%20post%20philosophy" title=" goal post philosophy"> goal post philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle" title=" life cycle"> life cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proposed%20concept" title=" proposed concept"> proposed concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20loss%20function" title=" quality loss function"> quality loss function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65849/beyond-taguchis-concept-of-the-quality-loss-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1212</span> Managerial Leadership Styles of Deans in Indonesian Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Ngo">Jenny Ngo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20De%20Boer"> Harry De Boer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jurgen%20Enders"> Jurgen Enders</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesian higher education has experienced significant changes over the last decade. In 1999, the government published an overall strategy for decentralization and enhancement of local autonomy in many sectors, including (higher) education. Indonesian higher education reforms have forced universities to restructure their internal university governance to become more entrepreneurial. These new types of internal university governance are likely to affect the institutions’ leadership and management. This paper discusses the approach and findings of a study on the managerial leadership styles of deans in Indonesian universities. The study aims to get a better understanding of styles exhibited by deans manifested in their behaviors. Using the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, in combination with the competing values framework, a large-scale survey was conducted to gather information on the deans’ behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Based on the responses of a sample of 218 deans, the study identifies a number of leadership styles: the Master, the Competitive Consultant, the Consensual Goal-Setter, the Focused Team Captain, and the Informed Trust-Builder style. The study demonstrates that attitudes are the primary determinant of the styles that were found. Perceived behavioral control is a factor that explains some managerial leadership styles. By understanding the attitudes of deans in Indonesian universities, and their leadership styles, universities can strengthen their management and governance, and thus improve their effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deans" title="deans">deans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20higher%20education" title=" Indonesian higher education"> Indonesian higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20and%20management%20styles" title=" leadership and management styles"> leadership and management styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title=" decentralization"> decentralization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27521/managerial-leadership-styles-of-deans-in-indonesian-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1211</span> Bank's Role in Economic Growth: Case of Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khalifa">S. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Chkoundali"> R. Chkoundali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The specific role of banks in economic development varies, depending on scope. Firstly, the participation of banks in economic development focus around providing credit and services to generate revenues, which are then invested back into a local, national or international community. The specific roles banks play in the economic development of a small community differ from the role banks play in national or international economic development. Although the role can vary, factors such as access to credit and bank investment policies or practices remain constant, no matter the scope of economic development. This paper provides an overview of the economic situation of Africa and its short-term outlook. He referred to the progress made in the implementation of the Medium-Term Strategy (2008-2012) and some major achievements of the Bank, as the speed and flexibility with which she responded to the oil crisis, food and financial. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank" title=" bank"> bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20507/banks-role-in-economic-growth-case-of-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1210</span> Cyber-Social Networks in Preventing Terrorism: Topological Scope</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Rossodivita">Alessandra Rossodivita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexei%20Tikhomirov"> Alexei Tikhomirov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Trufanov"> Andrey Trufanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20Kinash"> Nikolay Kinash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Berestneva"> Olga Berestneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Nikitina"> Svetlana Nikitina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Casati"> Fabio Casati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Visconti"> Alessandro Visconti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tommaso%20Saporito"> Tommaso Saporito </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that world and national societies are exposed to diverse threats: anthropogenic, technological, and natural. Anthropogenic ones are of greater risks and, thus, attract special interest to researchers within wide spectrum of disciplines in efforts to lower the pertinent risks. Some researchers showed by means of multilayered, complex network models how media promotes the prevention of disease spread. To go further, not only are mass-media sources included in scope the paper suggests but also personificated social bots (socbots) linked according to reflexive theory. The novel scope considers information spread over conscious and unconscious agents while counteracting both natural and man-made threats, i.e., infections and terrorist hazards. Contrary to numerous publications on misinformation disseminated by ‘bad’ bots within social networks, this study focuses on ‘good’ bots, which should be mobilized to counter the former ones. These social bots deployed mixture with real social actors that are engaged in concerted actions at spreading, receiving and analyzing information. All the contemporary complex network platforms (multiplexes, interdependent networks, combined stem networks et al.) are comprised to describe and test socbots activities within competing information sharing tools, namely mass-media hubs, social networks, messengers, and e-mail at all phases of disasters. The scope and concomitant techniques present evidence that embedding such socbots into information sharing process crucially change the network topology of actor interactions. The change might improve or impair robustness of social network environment: it depends on who and how controls the socbots. It is demonstrated that the topological approach elucidates techno-social processes within the field and outline the roadmap to a safer world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20network%20platform" title="complex network platform">complex network platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterterrorism" title=" counterterrorism"> counterterrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20sharing%20topology" title=" information sharing topology"> information sharing topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20bots" title=" social bots"> social bots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90971/cyber-social-networks-in-preventing-terrorism-topological-scope" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1209</span> Making Social Accountability Initiatives Work in the Performance of Local Self-Governing Institutions: District-Level Analysis in Rural Assam, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Kumar%20Kalita">Pankaj Kumar Kalita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ineffectiveness of formal institutional mechanisms such as official audit to improve public service delivery has been a serious concern to scholars working on governance reforms in developing countries. Scholars argue that public service delivery in local self-governing institutions can be improved through application of informal mechanisms such as social accountability. Social accountability has been reinforced with the engagement of citizens and civic organizations in the process of service delivery to reduce the governance gap in developing countries. However, there are challenges that may impede the scope of establishing social accountability initiatives in the performance of local self-governing institutions. This study makes an attempt to investigate the factors that may impede the scope of establishing social accountability, particularly in culturally heterogeneous societies like India. While analyzing the implementation of two rural development schemes by Panchayats, the local self-governing institutions functioning in rural Assam in India, this study argues that the scope of establishing social accountability in the performance of local self-governing institutions, particularly in culturally heterogeneous societies in developing countries will be impeded by the absence of inter-caste and inter-religion networks. Data has been collected from five selected districts of Assam using in-depth interview method and survey method. The study further contributes to the debates on 'good governance' and citizen-centric approaches in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen%20engagement" title="citizen engagement">citizen engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20self-governing%20institutions" title=" local self-governing institutions"> local self-governing institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networks" title=" networks"> networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20accountability" title=" social accountability"> social accountability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47701/making-social-accountability-initiatives-work-in-the-performance-of-local-self-governing-institutions-district-level-analysis-in-rural-assam-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1208</span> Digital Individual Benefit Statement: The Use of a Triangulation Methodology to Design a Digital Platform for Switzerland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Equey%20Balzli">Catherine Equey Balzli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Old age retirement pensions are an important concern among the Swiss but estimating one’s income after retirement is difficult due to the Swiss insurance system’s complexity. This project’s aim is to prepare for developing a digital platform that will allow individuals to plan for retirement in a simplified manner. The main objective of the platform will be to give individuals the tools to check that their savings and retirement benefits will allow them to continue the lifestyle to which they are accustomed once they are retired. The research results from qualitative (focus group) and quantitative (survey) methodologies, recommend the scope and functionalities for a digital platform to be developed. A main outcome is the need to limit the platform’s scope to old-age pension only (excluding survivors’ or disability pensions, for instance). Furthermore, an outcome regarding the functionalities is the proposition of scenarios such as early retirement, changes to income, or modifications to personal status. The development of the digital platform will be a subsequent project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefit%20statement" title="benefit statement">benefit statement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20platform" title=" digital platform"> digital platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retirement%20financial%20planning" title=" retirement financial planning"> retirement financial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20insurance" title=" social insurance"> social insurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129284/digital-individual-benefit-statement-the-use-of-a-triangulation-methodology-to-design-a-digital-platform-for-switzerland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1207</span> The Standard of Reasonableness in Fundamental Rights Adjudication under the Indian Constitution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandita%20Narayan">Nandita Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In most constitutional democracies, courts have been the gatekeepers of fundamental rights. The task of determining whether a violation is in fact justified, therefore, is judicial. Any state action, legislative or administrative, has to be tested by the application of two standards – first, the action must be within the scope of the authority conferred by law and, second, it must be reasonable. If any action, within the scope of the authority conferred by law is found to be unreasonable, it will be struck down as unconstitutional or ultra vires. This paper seeks to analyse the varying standards of reasonableness adopted by the Supreme Court of India where there is a violation of fundamental rights by state action. This is sought to be done by scrutinising case laws and classifying the legality of the violation under one of three levels of judicial scrutiny—strict, intermediate, or weak. The paper concludes by proving that there is an irregularity in the standards adopted, thus resulting in undue discretionary power of the judiciary which strikes at the very concept of reasonableness and ultimately becomes arbitrary in nature. This conclusion is reached by the comparison of reasonableness review of fundamental rights in other jurisdictions such as the USA and Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title="constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20review" title=" judicial review"> judicial review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasonableness" title=" reasonableness"> reasonableness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499/the-standard-of-reasonableness-in-fundamental-rights-adjudication-under-the-indian-constitution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=41">41</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=42">42</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scope%20setter&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>