CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913386a7fcdf5cd6',cH: 'UlqamB7ahqY4172SMxHTPs9yDbgT2DOmKMcsPJu4.Ro-1739771700-1.2.1.1-y4N7oOFOMy1oYLEyhdx_XHJxPBGgPmdeGJebNkcyqU6shZKrEYgol_.oIrm716Mb',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=machine%20learning&__cf_chl_tk=Zqr.eNH7oScbIY3RpT3.EH01hZeF3Z3XQJ53U_ehUPY-1739771700-1.0.1.1-4ChtmZ2XWeUe.k.mb4tcD7.wyCdlBZo1zPTJycvH5o4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739771700',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=machine%20learning&__cf_chl_f_tk=Zqr.eNH7oScbIY3RpT3.EH01hZeF3Z3XQJ53U_ehUPY-1739771700-1.0.1.1-4ChtmZ2XWeUe.k.mb4tcD7.wyCdlBZo1zPTJycvH5o4",md: "71oPSpiL0nJrvqi1sEQ.zlWyaF3ykMVpFKvaAf4v.n4-1739771700-1.2.1.1-qw_6B6c_fZdUGqhqHIZ5I7U.lEsbdCsBHMf.S2gP7QxnGnir6Dif_2q2AGgX1ZluT9OCibUpZ.QxsRv_7Hy9p9Vyw0dgq.ZwPihuoQ5RGzeBbLusL_hd1NFzpxFzEAuyTEafnvhzqMZ7gczou5GGpHvIGLRctsH.lNtXYPqfn35vxqmLwNK75bLYDMztuWEGjz92q48mi0_7CM1U7DVpIqKpDDjXmNbOceUubSVy8aZiqrexVlMseI7tJ0FbMmzsCzKoskJwiTU.pTsSgttZrtFD1UGLXGgL12mAyci3EEdR6wICSTmesKi9xsmc797uYXQARDEhwCBfn_mFwyOxUL2NrJKLO7Hlgr01dyaGmb2IyT3zYmsb3kShuCmweu6XraWuHcL32BE6BvrFpdinul3I2j.WdpuoUcaNIbHnXsaRLeeRM1NJORU6uwHywnOIydUpV98F3GGIsSfZNiYn03f.afhXvbzhJ8ixT4ArqMoFf3LZGSzY46U4bUPh.kDpIaO.a0e1B2_BwQPQFgQnnFwVnoW39KJhiZ2KjoUnj8U3t8IRt333OZ9DKCprjq8cbuflyrrzNDntjJXG7PrIK4eh7LCm1v8FEUKw_plg7BzfrknLkgUUZvEC0H0z1Gdn1N3e_7HTd2XgqwQhG3NpDIImDtCfEtX6XY68M3RPW1r6XhuYH9QSZkiSqW6zr4XpB9_blIaGo3Vjq.ooWhVh3yRqUR0ZLLiHZJh9HnE2pCejBcnGEejVluUUtzM9NurRtGwi46JV8A28EX4Lz8JyvzEz8auQmXUsr1QPhDIMnZ3k_9260o2DIc1.eoNUg_bKNZ_RJCt83i_T.T4QBLi.dFAdW6QK2GOsrFu91vaWAMqSBoysqDbG3TyC8jOqU4KBomXpPCQeOf3vFu7UPFSNO6RSpABrGizwBeE.s2R7lpFyxcVgBspSzHwOCwHZevUELlmyu1N1YMTKAo3.n.axRFM_MjJafA79v1oLnB_Ta7oc4NiKEBOpCH8wjEU9rzi7ZiDuXZ.cJjvEiiQhP93QFdq0yqOOl.gehRW0ZikA6GstRnVG6d0uyKEqo1lq_L3Z81JsWe9T09tbQTU114kYQb0WcsZxowluFTDJ3weI3E9VLEqsk7G.F4LT3V6_FLKUkBNrFm1DjX3MwYhNc8I7m6MGkG4v93zJImqXX64K22x7THRMaGBWue52Cu0wgQet5.nsFURXMhuVLwTcvskKU_q_4g9FNJPIo.LDtUIQ_6x.ExhRz2KTqOA.R715PAICwN7DO43mk0r.NUyv2dDGHZvAFZwfzucpKDtYPe0VaCXXgTAg0lB4u_.2IQzoEh9UfQzpulihUYau_UaKFPS01zVI5oBoAh9JWMTZaq1Z7hzGeABazSSNCxy_Jc_PEq7c6by3WhZrD9Kd4uhc.nrdejt4CzyUMyYu4jCFRo0qb74PzuP2FDq82tltmGvzN4i9.CIWODa3uWFvEFIOCXK.8oxCuXonuVyp_uHB9zKVIEuF1obxiFwW28LAaVh3LStgRLqzFwY3nJG1XSQPEfoSMmC.I4f.Ugw1qCPGgghoaFlA50_Kl8g1UHPnI0eb0mzHY_F31U7ZmUO73F0wBt_bPKGjy6FMGIC4MzlGX1Mum52fpm300OxSB0MhF9Ecv53G7s4fuK5bE39waPV63QHBZ2hiKD3Tsu6Op2laFKdDWmqNCc9BaTdzNRRvGtnotSaCeOjgfGNXNGQSJq1Lb1NRSHBfoOl76EYVNxhtZCrq4FCmqxq0vsVLWOVxnZVECG2YoWxyxIbQw1LYtUEFxrjHfQOELHQuGNXPAAXis9Mr7CVLeWj3USRLhM8ragzNjtaoJ6yxhGqYTOLmg9PHpCp6sQRjmVUs_ImmXgI8re27Kzl8kRu2PTuuTPN4XaurLpIMGV7G8fvZwr9AUGPmwBgIlQ",mdrd: "73R6.QNUljROK1xaHbWv1C25zT8XkzXPLAsII5XTMtM-1739771700-1.2.1.1-ym.p83fYsNJXAubphPrhOjiJRWlZtuPV5M2m7LDR925U86a0N7Ofhytom9w9HEubg5Zr6v8WU9Bs8Ye9cqKyjXTd3u1xCfzo0xegcvSYIoqVmvFIgF_nqzWNBGXrYIIeZvI7fI6AjvK5Ndartz0ncMBjBnUp0tBATRLW814qhE7yRFi88PWBOJ7vXhUA3WGxdSyIyg.j7hxB9BvImNl5JNOOPaDT6_v3gKHH2XCXGd6Wb2xLRVOG91x8iU.cv9M3ZQO60jY2ssF.hTELMnxSq03JVYIxFkZvkL11NbM3FHe3pl63uk5XS6ienWvyHojriGoR7V3E61HASWvf1i_ltwOkURXVy_fgu_59ygtojeU9_iaCYHdsTboAyy8QA_rofr7xwjJeK63WQubZDmsguM_ku4hPnxXIszWmpU9nZjsIHuGFeDPlRakhvP4IaVEx2wDSvauC0YjtwQsQCJatHE57BVXVLzQ.MyydLcv.WXQbngA2CG3ayx0PtjSSbEGDaiAKgWYtX4eyQ2xlZVKnn727jxCGavSJEWlKqO7gad9nnr0ONOzz5llBAxt58g1J1UbSkcKa2WVrgFNFcKfS2wD_tjZSDlctSNEhOz68qapDaKqDFgEX0FnjqOp64OASmn8h6gWG27Qi3h5cVz6clfVR_LLda2pokFKJS28r5FB7u.XkqpXLe3YzbFToT_6b1qCYpOwigP3RFI4one7Icn34cpQIsvVbnyFb.jhWeWKj.y8Zyl7qdz6YlAIkciM.IpfPhdDHOH7P8xFkG8TZxQA0m21JL5gunKm6W.YP0zaqX6M6jcmlbeVhuA.7X3BoW64OPuBfAWyk_H1EPajPmQ_MD9Ed84QhZjY0pyUv3.jkKCErg0gc7vg3.eOq.q2dy6AFzXW1qdDbkxt_zCJdWGQZ5eJOs5.CrofMkMu._5WFz3K2aLY.hSf_Bnu558nvomsD7Rnn6X6r2P4_FfHzU_o1kzV8xyQ5Il9aR_QWpA6v1sWK5__EpW72TP_CzmE8ySvFdBleLQTKdzGhVAP_i5pYl1Tz4uAn.6zP0Nte8yuMej_hY4cZjWoHm9WyFvlg_sU5h8KN_x5imzlyLRNKW2Xnc51TFukMdJov7T_JWGreMOqt8ET2sfPC9GXMz3YDdglXeD5NDGcZArp1IboMaKf5ELzMylXRYIE_SmKhQkLlFG7IOWC36JjOTm.iAbQSFBKpg5TxusG5ird5Pe1nXQE6FKCMIWhJlm4zUMRrlOWELzUnI9dteBlxY68RFr1DWV_0.BTN77yyfhyGlUV3fmP1rOMNtgn0jy8e_FZR5vnJXk9q9rFosc0.0YSQnHfCAJv14L6GbHxRkE66VsviAfzLEud_K_pfg2zF8.mQsuSHu3Bnbb0vmvGRNDtid9pvspSkXegIc0uvKZpPqepeWP_S2pk98EgrNjSb395x2SkZ3NpaHDfL8_2aVsi8CTysN0kaVEHmncj9pTczmI_15gK3UU8z_vvjgQjBy9dG85iK0kFTy3O3NCuTqNfXgz3iMmRXGSskjJvCwTQ3mKdeevOJKIHTylY3gM7zYVu1.h_LUbaZ2l.jmvu7UGHDZ6UUHaLySiv4b2DiUQoKVYj3k2mCt8l9cpWBIBi3BvKuyG9oUfFs534.kKF6oe5W5fcbOZ1yUQkkXv0ChMTtiWDgH3N85w4RBPfh4LzPgdHfjTceEQMJSGBeIQZXL.pZbiBt.BcxnegBNoxFBaheTNM3DE4HoCj.8mSdkGySutVvbCZ._3h7LNj3DXoQPEgpP0bdOQ.Wr.8F87p8EU6Vl0qbjmz5P48y.1JR6Yo63JdlIsYpv054JecdS_IzT01ETeT4z3XWOa6l5Rqbzhy0djXV5v9qXYeoywORovzz8G8NDtJqeZgAINk5XVzw45xJ5bDzjK3fAkHMmJ8oQZoAYrH3hCL4xN21cFGYawa2eNmwHA8WKIUUZOLTY.7jYZkJxT3G"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913386a7fcdf5cd6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=machine%20learning&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Zqr.eNH7oScbIY3RpT3.EH01hZeF3Z3XQJ53U_ehUPY-1739771700-1.0.1.1-4ChtmZ2XWeUe.k.mb4tcD7.wyCdlBZo1zPTJycvH5o4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>