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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dans_la_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dans_la_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dans la culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dans_la_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">.onion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 33 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(.onion)" title="نطاق أنيون (.onion) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نطاق أنيون (.onion)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title=".অনিয়ন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title=".অনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toppdom%C3%A4n#Generiska_toppdomäner" title="Toppdomän – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Toppdomän" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion" title=".onion – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title=".onion" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q848715#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.onion" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:.onion" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.onion"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.onion"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/.onion" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/.onion" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&oldid=220311953" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=.onion&id=220311953&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F.onion"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F.onion"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=.onion"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=.onion&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q848715" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Paronymie" title="Aide:Paronymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur la paronymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cet article possède un <a href="/wiki/Paronymie" title="Paronymie">paronyme</a>, voir <a href="/wiki/Oignon" title="Oignon">oignon</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-email.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Circle-icons-email.svg/40px-Circle-icons-email.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Circle-icons-email.svg/60px-Circle-icons-email.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Circle-icons-email.svg/120px-Circle-icons-email.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.</strong> </p> <div class="nomobile"> Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</div> </div></div> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete informatique" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;color:black;">.onion<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r188801372">.mw-parser-output .entete.informatique{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Picto-infoboxinfo.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article .onion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/280px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/420px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/560px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; color:inherit; background-color:#CCCCFF;" /></td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Début </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Type </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau" title="Domaine de premier niveau">Domaine de premier niveau</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Registre </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Tor (réseau)">Tor</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Destiné à </th> <td>Utilisé par les utilisateurs de Tor pour accéder à des services internétiques de manière anonyme pour l'utilisateur comme pour le fournisseur de contenus. </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Structure </th> <td>Les noms sont des suites de caractère alphanumériques générés aléatoirement à partir de clés publiques </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Documents </th> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Request for comments" lang="en">RFC</abbr> 7686<sup id="cite_ref-RFC-7686_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFC-7686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Site Web </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.torproject.org">https://www.torproject.org</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #CCCCFF solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Domaine_de_premier_niveau" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>.onion</b> est un <a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau#Domaine_de_premier_niveau_réservé" title="Domaine de premier niveau">domaine de premier niveau réservé</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, accessible uniquement par l'intermédiaire du réseau <a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Tor (réseau)">Tor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spécificité"><span id="Sp.C3.A9cificit.C3.A9"></span>Spécificité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Spécificité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Spécificité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le domaine .onion est un domaine de premier niveau qui n’est pas destiné à être utilisé dans le <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_nom_de_domaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Système de nom de domaine">système de nom de domaine</a> (<i>Domain Name System</i>) d’<a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> : on parle de domaine spécial ou réservé. Il ne fait pas partie des domaines de premier niveau dits génériques (par exemple, .org ou .com) ou nationaux (par exemple, .fr ou .it), accessibles à l'aide de n'importe quel ordinateur connecté à Internet avec une configuration standard. </p><p>Le domaine .onion renvoie en fait à des <a href="/wiki/Adresse_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Adresse Web">adresses</a> anonymes accessibles par l’intermédiaire du réseau <a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Tor (réseau)">Tor</a>. En utilisant un <a href="/wiki/Serveur_mandataire" class="mw-redirect" title="Serveur mandataire">proxy</a> approprié, des programmes tels que les navigateurs Web peuvent accéder à des adresses en .onion en envoyant la demande de résolution de nom de domaine à des serveurs appartenant au réseau Tor (<i>directory servers<sup id="cite_ref-Dingledine_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dingledine-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>), et non aux <a href="/wiki/Serveur_racine_du_DNS" title="Serveur racine du DNS">serveurs racines</a> du système DNS standard. </p><p>Contrairement aux serveurs racines du DNS, les <i>directory servers</i> de Tor ne communiquent pas l'adresse IP du <a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)#Services_onions" title="Tor (réseau)">service .onion</a> requêté en clair au <a href="/wiki/Client_(informatique)" title="Client (informatique)">client</a> demandant la connexion, mais organisent un <i>rendez-vous</i> dans un <a href="/wiki/Serveur_informatique" title="Serveur informatique">serveur</a> au sein du réseau Tor. Ainsi, le client ne connaît pas l'adresse IP du serveur, et le serveur ne connaît l'adresse IP du client. Le but d’un tel système est de rendre à la fois le client et le serveur plus difficiles à tracer, l’un par rapport à l’autre mais aussi par un serveur intermédiaire ou par tout autre utilisateur du réseau<sup id="cite_ref-Dingledine_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dingledine-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le nom « onion » se rapporte au <a href="/wiki/Routage" title="Routage">routage</a> « en oignon » mis en œuvre par le réseau <a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Tor (réseau)">Tor</a> dans un but d’anonymat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-09-09" data-sort-value="2015-09-09">9 septembre 2015</time>, l'<a href="/wiki/Internet_Corporation_for_Assigned_Names_and_Numbers" title="Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers">ICANN</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a> ont ajouté .onion à la liste des « domaines spéciaux » encadrés par le <abbr class="abbr" title="Request for comments" lang="en">RFC</abbr> 6761<sup id="cite_ref-RFC-6761_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFC-6761-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, lui conférant donc une existence officielle. Cette reconnaissance fait suite à la proposition <abbr class="abbr" title="Request for comments" lang="en">RFC</abbr> 7686<sup id="cite_ref-RFC-7686_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFC-7686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> faite par <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Appelbaum" title="Jacob Appelbaum">Jacob Appelbaum</a>, membre du <a href="/wiki/The_Onion_Router" class="mw-redirect" title="The Onion Router">Tor Project</a>, et par Alec Muffet, ingénieur sécurité chez <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(entreprise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (entreprise)">Facebook</a>. Elle n'a été acceptée qu'après des débats houleux à l'IETF<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Format" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Format"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les adresses dans le pseudo-domaine .onion sont des suites de caractères sans signification, générées aléatoirement à partir d’une <a href="/wiki/Cryptographie_asym%C3%A9trique" title="Cryptographie asymétrique">clef publique</a> lors de la configuration d’un service caché sur le réseau Tor. Les caractères qui permettent de les composer sont les lettres de l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_latin" title="Alphabet latin">alphabet latin</a> et des chiffres compris entre 2 et 7 inclus. Il est possible de chercher à générer une adresse plus lisible en générant un grand nombre de <a href="/wiki/Chiffrement_%C3%A0_cl%C3%A9_publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiffrement à clé publique">paires de clés</a> jusqu'à obtenir un résultat satisfaisant. Par exemple, l'adresse v.2 du service .onion officiel de <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> avait pour <a href="/wiki/Adresse_Facebook_.onion" title="Adresse Facebook .onion">adresse</a> « facebookcorewwwi.onion »<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (dépréciée depuis juillet 2021<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Deux types d'adresses .onion sont utilisées aujourd'hui : des adresses de seize caractères dites de « deuxième génération », et des adresses de cinquante-six caractères dites de « troisième génération. » </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dans_la_culture">Dans la culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Dans la culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dans la culture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dans le deuxième épisode de la cinquième saison de la série <a href="/wiki/Le_Bureau_des_l%C3%A9gendes" title="Le Bureau des légendes"><i>Le bureau des légendes</i></a>, l'espion français surnommé Mille Sabords reçoit un lien vers une vidéo sous forme d'un lien .onion : jfmilffdzx=11kcp$$$cdsqq.onion, qui ne correspond cependant pas à un format d'adresse utilisable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.onion&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RFC-7686-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RFC-7686_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-RFC-7686_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7686"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Request for comments</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 7686</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/special-use-domain-names/special-use-domain-names.xhtml"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Special-Use Domain Names</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.iana.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-09-14" data-sort-value="2015-09-14">14 septembre 2015</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dingledine-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dingledine_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Dingledine_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="DingledineMathewsonSyverson2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roger_DingledineNick_MathewsonPaul_Syverson2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> Roger <span class="nom_auteur">Dingledine</span>, Nick <span class="nom_auteur">Mathewson</span> et Paul <span class="nom_auteur">Syverson</span>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svn.torproject.org/svn/projects/design-paper/tor-design.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router</cite></a> », San Diego, CA, USENIX Association, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-08" data-sort-value="2004-08">août 2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-10-24" data-sort-value="2012-10-24">24 octobre 2012</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFC-6761-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RFC-6761_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6761"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Request for comments</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6761</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bortzmeyer.org/6761.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Blog Stéphane Bortzmeyer: RFC 6761: Special-Use Domain Names</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.bortzmeyer.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-07-17" data-sort-value="2018-07-17">17 juillet 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bortzmeyer.org/7686.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Blog Stéphane Bortzmeyer: RFC 7686: The .onion Special-Use Domain Name</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.bortzmeyer.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-07-17" data-sort-value="2018-07-17">17 juillet 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Champeau2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guillaume_Champeau2014">Guillaume Champeau, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.numerama.com/magazine/31150-facebook-embrasse-le-darkweb-avec-une-adresse-tor.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Facebook embrasse le darkweb avec une adresse Tor !</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">numerama.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-11-01" data-sort-value="2014-11-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre 2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-09-16" data-sort-value="2018-09-16">16 septembre 2018</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.torproject.org/onionservices/#v2-deprecation"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Onion Services | Tor Project | Support</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">support.torproject.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-01-01" data-sort-value="2022-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2022</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Domaines_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9riques_de_premier_niveau_d%27Internet" title="Modèle:Palette Domaines génériques de premier niveau d'Internet"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Domaines_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9riques_de_premier_niveau_d%27Internet&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rique" title="Domaine de premier niveau générique">Domaines de premier niveau génériques</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Génériques ouverts</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.bike" title=".bike">.bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.blog" title=".blog">.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.camera" title=".camera">.camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ceo" title=".ceo">.ceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.clothing" title=".clothing">.clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.construction" title=".construction">.construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.contractors" title=".contractors">.contractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.diamonds" title=".diamonds">.diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.directory" title=".directory">.directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.equipment" title=".equipment">.equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gallery" title=".gallery">.gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.graphics" title=".graphics">.graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.guru" title=".guru">.guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.holdings" title=".holdings">.holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.info" title=".info">.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kitchen" title=".kitchen">.kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.land" title=".land">.land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lighting" title=".lighting">.lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ooo" title=".ooo">.ooo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.photography" title=".photography">.photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.plumbing" title=".plumbing">.plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.singles" title=".singles">.singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.technology" title=".technology">.technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.today" title=".today">.today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tokyo" title=".tokyo">.tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ventures" title=".ventures">.ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xyz" title=".xyz">.xyz</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Génériques restreints</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz">.biz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.name" title=".name">.name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pro" title=".pro">.pro</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Commandités en fonction</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.aero" title=".aero">.aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.alsace" title=".alsace">.alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.asia" title=".asia">.asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.brussels" title=".brussels">.brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bzh" title=".bzh">.bzh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cat" title=".cat">.cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.catholic" title=".catholic">.catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.coop" title=".coop">.coop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.corsica" title=".corsica">.corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eus" title=".eus">.eus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gent" title=".gent">.gent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">.int</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.jobs" title=".jobs">.jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.london" title=".london">.london</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mil" title=".mil">.mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mobi" title=".mobi">.mobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.museum" title=".museum">.museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.paris" title=".paris">.paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.post" title=".post">.post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.quebec" title=".quebec">.quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.swiss" title=".swiss">.swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tel" title=".tel">.tel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.travel" title=".travel">.travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.vlaanderen" title=".vlaanderen">.vlaanderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xxx" title=".xxx">.xxx</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Commandités proposés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".kids (page inexistante)">.kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mail" title=".mail">.mail</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Spécial</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.arpa" title=".arpa">.arpa</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Réservés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.example" title=".example">.example</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.invalid" title=".invalid">.invalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.localhost" title=".localhost">.localhost</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.test" title=".test">.test</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Pseudo-domaines</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.bitnet" title=".bitnet">.bitnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.csnet" title=".csnet">.csnet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.lan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".lan (page inexistante)">.lan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.local&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".local (page inexistante)">.local</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.root&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".root (page inexistante)">.root</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.uucp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".uucp (page inexistante)">.uucp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau" title="Domaine de premier niveau">.tld</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Retirés / supprimés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_domaine" title="Nom de domaine">Nom de domaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_domaine_internationalis%C3%A9" title="Nom de domaine internationalisé">Internationalisé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau" title="Domaine de premier niveau">Domaine de premier niveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau_national" title="Domaine de premier niveau national">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau_national_internationalis%C3%A9" title="Domaine de premier niveau national internationalisé">National internationalisé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rique" title="Domaine de premier niveau générique">Générique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau_parrain%C3%A9" title="Domaine de premier niveau parrainé">Parrainé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_domaines_Internet_de_premier_niveau" title="Liste des domaines Internet de premier niveau">Liste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_deuxi%C3%A8me_niveau" title="Domaine de deuxième niveau">Domaine de deuxième niveau</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_R%C3%A9seau_Tor" title="Modèle:Palette Réseau Tor"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_R%C3%A9seau_Tor&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Tor (réseau)">Tor (réseau)</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Personnalités</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Bowden" title="Caspar Bowden">Caspar Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dingledine" title="Roger Dingledine">Roger Dingledine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Goldberg" title="Ian Goldberg">Ian Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendy_Seltzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendy Seltzer (page inexistante)">Wendy Seltzer</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Seltzer" class="extiw" title="en:Wendy Seltzer"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Wendy Seltzer »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shari_Steele" title="Shari Steele">Shari Steele</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Technologie" title="Technologie">Technologies</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Tor (réseau)">Tor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.onion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onion_routing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onion routing (page inexistante)">onion routing</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/onion_routing" class="extiw" title="en:onion routing"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « onion routing »">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Logiciel" title="Logiciel">Logiciel</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidalia_(logiciel)" title="Vidalia (logiciel)">Vidalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbot" title="Orbot">Orbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet_(logiciel)" title="Ricochet (logiciel)">Ricochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tails_(syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation)" title="Tails (système d'exploitation)">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor-ramdisk" title="Tor-ramdisk">Tor-ramdisk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tor2web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tor2web (page inexistante)">Tor2web</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor2web" class="extiw" title="en:Tor2web"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Tor2web »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TorChat" title="TorChat">TorChat</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Wiki" title="The Hidden Wiki">The Hidden Wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_services_cach%C3%A9s_du_r%C3%A9seau_Tor" title="Liste de services cachés du réseau Tor">Liste de services cachés du réseau Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Tor_(r%C3%A9seau)" title="Catégorie:Tor (réseau)">Catégorie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Internet" title="Portail d’Internet"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Circle-icons-email.svg/40px-Circle-icons-email.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Circle-icons-email.svg/60px-Circle-icons-email.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Internet" title="Portail:Internet">Portail d’Internet</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_informatique" title="Portail de la sécurité informatique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Circle-icons-key.svg/40px-Circle-icons-key.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Circle-icons-key.svg/60px-Circle-icons-key.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_informatique" title="Portail:Sécurité informatique">Portail de la sécurité informatique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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