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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Family and early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possible_reign_as_a_Pharaoh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_reign_as_a_Pharaoh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Possible reign as a Pharaoh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_reign_as_a_Pharaoh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Old theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>New theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Burial</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Burial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Burial subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-KV21B_mummy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KV21B_mummy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>KV21B mummy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KV21B_mummy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hittite_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hittite_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hittite letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hittite_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultural depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nefertiti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="نفرتيتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفرتيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نفرتیتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نفرتیتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="নেফেরতিতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেফেরতিতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96" title="Неферціці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неферціці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%96" title="Нэфэртыці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нэфэртыці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Νεφερτίτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεφερτίτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertito" title="Nefertito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nefertito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نفرتیتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفرتیتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9fertiti" title="Néfertiti – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Néfertiti" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neifirt%C3%ADt%C3%AD" title="Neifirtítí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Neifirtítí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%ED%8B%B0" title="네페르티티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네페르티티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Նեֆերտիտի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեֆերտիտի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="नफ़र्तीती – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नफ़र्तीती" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefert%C3%ADt%C3%AD" title="Nefertítí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nefertítí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99" title="נפרתיתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נפרתיתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნეფერტიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეფერტიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefert%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Nefertîtî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nefertîtî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertit%C4%97" title="Nefertitė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nefertitė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofertiti" title="Nofertiti – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nofertiti" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertity" title="Nefertity – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nefertity" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="നെഫെർതിതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെഫെർതിതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89" title="نفرتيتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نفرتيتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="नेफेरतिति – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नेफेरतिति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="ネフェルティティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネフェルティティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਫ਼ਰਤੀਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਫ਼ਰਤੀਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="نفرتيتي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نفرتيتي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofretete" title="Nofretete – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nofretete" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="नेफेरतिति – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नेफेरतिति" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92" title="නෙෆර්ටිටි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නෙෆර්ටිටි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="نيفرٽيٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيفرٽيٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefretete" title="Nefretete – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nefretete" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نفرتیتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نفرتیتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Нефертити – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нефертити" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80" title="நெஃபர்டீட்டீ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெஃபர்டீட்டீ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nifrtiti" title="Nifrtiti – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Nifrtiti" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="เนเฟอร์ติติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนเฟอร์ติติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96" title="Нефертіті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нефертіті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti" title="Nefertiti – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nefertiti" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Ancient Egyptian queen, wife of Akhenaten. For the wife of Ramsses, see <a href="/wiki/Nefertari" title="Nefertari">Nefertari</a>. For other individuals named Neferneferuaten, see <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Neferneferuaten (disambiguation)">Neferneferuaten (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Nefertiti</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg/220px-Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg/330px-Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg/440px-Nofretete_Neues_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1877" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">The <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_Bust" title="Nefertiti Bust">bust of Nefertiti</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum_of_Berlin" title="Egyptian Museum of Berlin">Egyptian Museum of Berlin</a> collection, currently in the <a href="/wiki/Neues_Museum" title="Neues Museum">Neues Museum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Great_Royal_Wife" title="Great Royal Wife">Queen consort</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">1353–1336 BC<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <br />1351–1334 BC<sup id="cite_ref-beckerath190_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckerath190-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(as <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a>, disputed) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1334–1332 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">unclear, <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1370 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1330 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meketaten" title="Meketaten">Meketaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten_Tasherit" title="Neferneferuaten Tasherit">Neferneferuaten Tasherit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferure" title="Neferneferure">Neferneferure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setepenre_(princess)" title="Setepenre (princess)">Setepenre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">18th of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a> <small>(possibly)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Iuy <small>(possibly)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:100%; width:300px; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; background: #FFFFDE [[Category:Egypt portal]]; color: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; line-height:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FFE39B [[Category:Egypt portal]]"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Neferneferuaten-Nefertiti in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color: #FFFFDE [[Category:Egypt portal]]; color: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; border: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]] 1px solid; padding: 0.4em;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35" alt="N35" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17" alt="M17" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35" alt="F35" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35" alt="F35" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35" alt="F35" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35" alt="F35" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table" style="width: 22px;"><tbody><tr><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35" alt="F35" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M18.png?e87c9" height="38" title="M18" alt="M18" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z4.png?dbdf8" height="14" title="Z4" alt="Z4" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_B1.png?ca40a" height="38" title="B1" alt="B1" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br />Neferneferuaten Nefertiti <br /> <i>Nfr nfrw itn Nfr.t jy.tj</i><br /><i>Beautiful are the Beauties of Aten, the Beautiful one has come</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:top; background-color: #EEEECD [[Category:Egypt portal]]; border: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]] 1px solid;"><div style="text-align:left; padding-left: 0.4em">  <a href="/wiki/Great_Royal_Wife" title="Great Royal Wife">Great Royal Wife</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nefertiti</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1370</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1330 BC</span>) was a queen of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Royal_Wife" title="Great Royal Wife">great royal wife</a> of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>. Nefertiti and her husband were known for their radical overhaul of state religious policy, in which they promoted the earliest known form of <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a>, centered on <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">the sun disc</a> and its direct connection to the royal household. With her husband, she reigned at what was arguably the wealthiest period of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> history.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her husband's death, some scholars believe that Nefertiti ruled briefly as the female <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> known by the throne name, <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a> and before the ascension of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>, although this identification is <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten#Nefertiti" title="Neferneferuaten">a matter of ongoing debate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If Nefertiti did rule as pharaoh, her reign was marked by the fall of <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a> and relocation of the capital back to the traditional city of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, Nefertiti was made famous by the discovery and display of <a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_Bust" title="Nefertiti Bust">her ancient bust</a>, now in Berlin's <a href="/wiki/Neues_Museum" title="Neues Museum">Neues Museum</a>. The bust is one of the most copied works of the <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">art of ancient Egypt</a>. It is attributed to the Egyptian sculptor <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_(sculptor)" title="Thutmose (sculptor)">Thutmose</a>, and was excavated from his buried studio complex in the early 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_titles">Names and titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names and titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nefertiti had many titles, including: </p> <ul><li>Neferneferuaten<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Beautiful is the beauty of Aten) <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nfr-nfrw-jtn" class="extiw" title="wikt:nfr-nfrw-jtn">nfr-nfrw-jtn</a></li> <li>Hereditary Princess (<a href="/wiki/Iry-pat" title="Iry-pat">iryt-p`t</a>)</li> <li>Great of Praises (wrt-Hzwt)</li> <li>Lady of Grace (nebet-imat, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nbt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:nbt">nbt</a>-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jm%EA%9C%A3t#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:jmꜣt">jmꜣt</a>)</li> <li>Sweet of Love (beneret-merut, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bnr#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bnr">bnr</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-t#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:-t">t</a>-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mrwt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mrwt">mrwt</a>)</li> <li>Lady of The Two Lands (nebet-tawi, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nbt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:nbt">nbt</a>-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%EA%9C%A3wj#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:tꜣwj">tꜣwj</a>)</li> <li>Main King's Wife, his beloved (hemet-nesut-aat meretef, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A5mt-nswt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ḥmt-nswt">ḥmt-nswt</a>-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%9C%A5%EA%9C%A3t" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ꜥꜣt">ꜥꜣt</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mrt#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mrt">mrt</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/.f#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:.f">.f</a>)</li> <li>Great King's Wife, his beloved (hemet-nesut-weret meretef, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A5mt-nswt-wrt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ḥmt-nswt-wrt">ḥmt-nswt-wrt</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mrt#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mrt">mrt</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/.f#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:.f">.f</a>)</li> <li>Lady of All Women (henut-hemut-nebut, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A5nwt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ḥnwt">ḥnwt</a>-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A5mwt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ḥmwt">ḥmwt</a>-nbwt)</li> <li>Mistress of Upper & Lower Egypt (henut-shemau-mehu, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A5nwt#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ḥnwt">ḥnwt</a>-šmꜣw-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%E1%B8%A5w#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mḥw">mḥw</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>While modern <a href="/wiki/Egyptological" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptological">Egyptological</a> pronunciation renders her name as <i>N<b>e</b>fertiti</i>, her name was the sentence <i>nfr.t jj.tj</i> (or <i>Nfr.t-jy.tj</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), meaning "the beautiful one has come", and probably contemporarily pronounced <i>Naftita</i> from older <i>Nafrat-ita</i> or perhaps <i>Nafert-yiti</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_early_life">Family and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree</a></div><p>Almost nothing is known about Nefertiti's life before her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>. Scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_Nobles_(Amarna)" title="Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna)">tombs of the nobles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a> mention that Nefertiti had a sister, named <a href="/wiki/Mutbenret" title="Mutbenret">Mutbenret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amarnaI&II_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amarnaI&II-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amarnaV&VI_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amarnaV&VI-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PM_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, a woman named <a href="/wiki/Tey" title="Tey">Tey</a> carried the title of "Nurse of the Great Royal Wife."<sup id="cite_ref-Dijk_1996_31_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dijk_1996_31-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Tey's husband <a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a> carried the title "God's Father." Some Egyptologists believe that this title was used for a man whose daughter married the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dijk_1996_31-32_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dijk_1996_31-32-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on these titles, it has been proposed that <a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a> was in fact Nefertiti's father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, neither Ay nor Tey are explicitly referred to as Nefertiti's parents in the existing sources. At the same time, no sources exist that directly contradict Ay's fatherhood which is considered likely due to the great influence he wielded during Nefertiti's life and after her death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another theory, Nefertiti was the daughter of Ay and a woman besides Tey, but Ay's first wife died before Nefertiti's rise to the position of queen, whereupon Ay married Tey, making her Nefertiti's stepmother. Nevertheless, this entire proposal is based on speculation and conjecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687–88_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687–88-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been proposed that Nefertiti was Akhenaten's full sister, though this is contradicted by her titles which do not include the title of "King's Daughter" or "King's Sister," usually used to indicate a relative of a pharaoh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theory about her parentage that gained some support identified Nefertiti with the <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a> princess <a href="/wiki/Tadukhipa" title="Tadukhipa">Tadukhipa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyldesley-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> partially based on Nefertiti's name ("The Beautiful Woman has Come") which has been interpreted by some scholars as signifying a foreign origin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Tadukhipa was already married to Akhenaten's father and there is no evidence for any reason why this woman would need to alter her name in a proposed marriage to Akhenaten, nor any hard evidence of a foreign non-Egyptian background for Nefertiti. </p><p>The exact dates when Nefertiti married Akhenaten and became the king's great royal wife are uncertain. They are known to have had at least six daughters together, including <a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meketaten" title="Meketaten">Meketaten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenpaaten</a> (later called Ankhesenamun when she married Tutankhamun), <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten_Tasherit" title="Neferneferuaten Tasherit">Neferneferuaten Tasherit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neferneferure" title="Neferneferure">Neferneferure</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Setepenre_(princess)" title="Setepenre (princess)">Setepenre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PM_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyldesley-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was once considered as a candidate for the mother of Tutankhamun, however a genetic study conducted on discovered mummies suggests that she was not.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alabaster_sunken_relief_depicting_Akhenaten,_Nefertiti,_and_daughter_Meritaten._Early_Aten_cartouches_on_king%27s_arm_and_chest._From_Amarna,_Egypt._18th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alabaster_sunken_relief_depicting_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_daughter_Meritaten._Early_Aten_cartouches_on_king%27s_arm_and_chest._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._18th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/200px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alabaster_sunken_relief_depicting_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_daughter_Meritaten._Early_Aten_cartouches_on_king%27s_arm_and_chest._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._18th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alabaster_sunken_relief_depicting_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_daughter_Meritaten._Early_Aten_cartouches_on_king%27s_arm_and_chest._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._18th_Dynasty._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/400px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4006" data-file-height="3827" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Alabaster sunken relief depicting Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and their daughter Meritaten. Early Aten cartouches on king's arm and chest. From Amarna, Egypt. 18th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png/200px-NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png/300px-NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png/400px-NefertitiRelief_SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Close-up of a limestone relief depicting Nefertiti smiting a female captive on a royal barge. On display at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Nefertiti first appears in scenes in <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Egypt)">Thebes</a>. In the damaged tomb (<a href="/wiki/TT188" title="TT188">TT188</a>) of the royal butler <a href="/wiki/Parennefer" title="Parennefer">Parennefer</a>, the new king <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenhotep IV">Amenhotep IV</a> is accompanied by a royal woman, and this lady is thought to be an early depiction of Nefertiti. The king and queen are shown worshiping the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. In the tomb of the vizier <a href="/wiki/Ramose_(TT55)" title="Ramose (TT55)">Ramose</a>, Nefertiti is shown standing behind <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenhotep IV">Amenhotep IV</a> in the Window of Appearance during the reward ceremony for the vizier.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyldesley-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg/210px-Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="555" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg/315px-Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg/420px-Nefertiti_Standing-striding_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1869" /></a><figcaption>A standing/striding figure of Nefertiti made of limestone. Originally from Amarna, part of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ägyptisches Museum Berlin">Ägyptisches Museum Berlin</a> collection.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early years in Thebes, Akhenaten (still known as Amenhotep IV) had several temples erected at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>. One of the structures, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Amenhotep_IV" title="Temple of Amenhotep IV">Mansion of the Benben</a> (hwt-ben-ben), was dedicated to Nefertiti. She is depicted with her daughter <a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a> and in some scenes the princess <a href="/wiki/Meketaten" title="Meketaten">Meketaten</a> participates as well. In scenes found on the <a href="/wiki/Talatat" title="Talatat">talatat</a>, Nefertiti appears almost twice as often as her husband. She is shown appearing behind her husband the pharaoh in offering scenes in the role of the queen supporting her husband, but she is also depicted in scenes that would have normally been the prerogative of the king. She is shown smiting the enemy, and captive enemies decorate her throne.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fourth year of his reign, Amenhotep IV decided to move the capital to <a href="/wiki/Akhetaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhetaten">Akhetaten</a> (modern Amarna). In his fifth year, Amenhotep IV officially changed his name to Akhenaten, and Nefertiti was henceforth known as Neferneferuaten-Nefertiti. The name change was a sign of the ever-increasing importance of the cult of the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. It changed Egypt's religion from a <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheistic</a> religion to a religion which may have been better described as a <a href="/wiki/Monolatrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Monolatrism">monolatry</a> (the depiction of a single god as an object for worship) or <a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">henotheism</a> (one god, who is not the only god).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Stelae_of_Akhenaten" title="Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten">boundary stelae</a> of years 4 and 5 mark the boundaries of the new city and suggest that the move to the new city of <a href="/wiki/Akhetaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhetaten">Akhetaten</a> occurred around that time. The new city contained several large open-air temples dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. Nefertiti and her family would have resided in the Great Royal Palace in the centre of the city and possibly at the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Palace_(Amarna)" title="Northern Palace (Amarna)">Northern Palace</a> as well. Nefertiti and the rest of the royal family feature prominently in the scenes at the palaces and in the <a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_Nobles_(Amarna)" title="Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna)">tombs of the nobles</a>. Nefertiti's steward during this time was an official named <a href="/wiki/Meryre_II" title="Meryre II">Meryre II</a>. He would have been in charge of running her household.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyldesley-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inscriptions in the tombs of <a href="/wiki/Huya_(Noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huya (Noble)">Huya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meryre_II" title="Meryre II">Meryre II</a> dated to Year 12, 2nd month of Peret, Day 8 show a large foreign tribute. The people of Kharu (the north) and Kush (the south) are shown bringing gifts of gold and precious items to Akhenaten and Nefertiti. In the tomb of Meryre II, Nefertiti's steward, the royal couple is shown seated in a kiosk with their six daughters in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyldesley-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is one of the last times princess <a href="/wiki/Meketaten" title="Meketaten">Meketaten</a> is shown alive. </p><p>Two representations of Nefertiti that were excavated by <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> appear to show Nefertiti in the middle to later part of Akhenaten's reign 'after the exaggerated style of the early years had relaxed somewhat'.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One is a small piece on limestone and is a preliminary sketch of Nefertiti wearing her distinctive tall crown with carving began around the mouth, chin, ear and tab of the crown. Another is a small inlay head (Petrie Museum Number UC103) modeled from reddish-brown quartzite that was clearly intended to fit into a larger composition. </p><p>Meketaten may have died in year 13 or 14. Nefertiti, Akhenaten, and three princesses are shown mourning her.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last dated inscription naming her and Akhenaten comes from a building inscription in the limestone quarry at <a href="/wiki/Deir_Abu_Hinnis" title="Deir Abu Hinnis">Deir Abu Hinnis</a>. It dates to year 16 of the king's reign and is also the last dated inscription naming the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_reign_as_a_Pharaoh">Possible reign as a Pharaoh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Possible reign as a Pharaoh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many scholars believe Nefertiti had a role elevated from that of great royal wife, and was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Coregency" title="Coregency">co-regent</a> by her husband Pharaoh Akhenaten before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is depicted in many <a href="/wiki/Archaeological" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological">archaeological</a> sites as equal in stature to a King, smiting Egypt's enemies, riding a <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a>, and worshipping the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a> in the manner of a pharaoh.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Nefertiti's name disappears from historical records, it is replaced by that of a co-regent named <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a>, who became a female Pharaoh.<sup id="cite_ref-Deep_Blue_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deep_Blue-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems likely that Nefertiti, in a similar fashion to the previous female Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>, assumed the kingship under the name Pharaoh Neferneferuaten after her husband's death. She was then succeeded by Tutankhamun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It seems less possible that Nefertiti disguised herself as a male and assumed the male <a href="/wiki/Alter_ego" title="Alter ego">alter ego</a> of <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a>. According to Van Der Perre, Smenkhkare is thought to be a co-regent of Akhenaten who died before Neferneferuaten assumed the kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If Nefertiti did rule Egypt as a Pharaoh, it has been theorized that she would have attempted damage control and may have re-instated the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> priests. She would have raised <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> in the worship of the traditional gods.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeologist and Egyptologist Dr. <a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Zahi Hawass</a> theorized that Nefertiti returned to <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> from Amarna to rule as a Pharaoh, based on <a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">ushabti</a> and other feminine evidence of a female pharaoh found in <a href="/wiki/KV62" class="mw-redirect" title="KV62">Tutankhamun's tomb</a>, as well as evidence of Nefertiti smiting Egypt's enemies which was a duty reserved to kings.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Amarna_succession" title="Amarna succession">Amarna succession</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Nefertiti,_Limestone_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Queen_Nefertiti%2C_Limestone_relief.jpg/160px-Queen_Nefertiti%2C_Limestone_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Queen_Nefertiti%2C_Limestone_relief.jpg/240px-Queen_Nefertiti%2C_Limestone_relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Queen_Nefertiti%2C_Limestone_relief.jpg/320px-Queen_Nefertiti%2C_Limestone_relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Nefertiti worshipping the Aten. She is given the title of <i>Mistress of the Two Lands</i>. On display at the <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>, Oxford.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_theories">Old theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Old theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragment_with_cartouche_of_Akhenaten,_which_is_followed_by_epithet_Great_in_his_Lifespan_and_the_title_of_Nefertiti_Great_King%27s_Wife._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fragment_with_cartouche_of_Akhenaten%2C_which_is_followed_by_epithet_Great_in_his_Lifespan_and_the_title_of_Nefertiti_Great_King%27s_Wife._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fragment_with_cartouche_of_Akhenaten%2C_which_is_followed_by_epithet_Great_in_his_Lifespan_and_the_title_of_Nefertiti_Great_King%27s_Wife._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fragment_with_cartouche_of_Akhenaten%2C_which_is_followed_by_epithet_Great_in_his_Lifespan_and_the_title_of_Nefertiti_Great_King%27s_Wife._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4738" data-file-height="3258" /></a><figcaption>Fragment with cartouche of Akhenaten, which is followed by epithet Great in his Lifespan and the title of Nefertiti Great King's Wife. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London</figcaption></figure> <p>Pre-2012 Egyptological theories thought that Nefertiti vanished from the historical record around Year 12 of Akhenaten's reign, with no word of her thereafter. Conjectured causes included injury, a plague that was sweeping through the city, and a natural cause. This theory was based on the discovery of several <a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">ushabti</a> fragments inscribed for Nefertiti (now located in the Louvre and the Brooklyn Museum). </p><p>A previous theory that she fell into disgrace was discredited when deliberate erasures of monuments belonging to a queen of Akhenaten were shown to refer to <a href="/wiki/Kiya" title="Kiya">Kiya</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-PM_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Akhenaten's reign (and perhaps after), Nefertiti enjoyed unprecedented power. By the twelfth year of his reign, there is evidence she may have been elevated to the status of co-regent:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equal in status to the pharaoh, as may be depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Coregency_Stela" title="Coregency Stela">Coregency Stela</a>. </p><p>It is possible that Nefertiti is the ruler named Neferneferuaten. Some theorists believe that Nefertiti was still alive and held influence on the younger royals. If this is the case, that influence and presumably Nefertiti's own life would have ended by year 3 of Tutankhaten's reign (1331 BC). In that year, Tutankhaten changed his name to Tutankhamun. This is evidence of his return to the official worship of <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>, and abandonment of Amarna to return the capital to Thebes.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_theories">New theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, the discovery of an inscription dated to Year 16, month 3 of <a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Inundation" title="Season of the Inundation">Akhet</a>, day 15 of the reign of Akhenaten was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_der_Perre_2012_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_der_Perre_2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 196–197">: 196–197 </span></sup> It was discovered within Quarry 320 in the largest wadi of the limestone quarry at Dayr Abū Ḥinnis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201468_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201468-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-line inscription, written in red ochre, mentions the presence of the "Great Royal Wife, His Beloved, Mistress of the Two Lands, Neferneferuaten Nefertiti".<sup id="cite_ref-Van_der_Perre_2012_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_der_Perre_2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 197">: 197 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201473_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201473-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final line of the inscription refers to ongoing building work being carried out under the authority of the king's scribe <a href="/wiki/Penthu" title="Penthu">Penthu</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Small_Aten_Temple" title="Small Aten Temple">Small Aten Temple</a> in Amarna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201476_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201476-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van der Perre stresses that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This inscription offers incontrovertible evidence that both Akhenaten and Nefertiti were still alive in the 16th year of his [Akhenaten's] reign and, more importantly, that they were still holding the same positions as at the start of their reign. This makes it necessary to rethink the final years of the Amarna Period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201477_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201477-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>This means that Nefertiti was alive in the second to last year of Akhenaten's reign, and demonstrates that Akhenaten still ruled alone, with his wife by his side. Therefore, the rule of the female Amarna pharaoh known as <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a> must be placed between the death of Akhenaten and the accession of Tutankhamun. Neferneferuaten, this female pharaoh, specifically used the epithet 'Effective for her husband' in one of her cartouches,<sup id="cite_ref-Deep_Blue_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deep_Blue-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which means she was either Nefertiti or her daughter Meritaten (who was married to king <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burial">Burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg/220px-Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg/330px-Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg/440px-Unfinished_portrait_head_of_queen_Nefertiti_with_sketches_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Limestone trial piece showing head of Nefertiti.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg/246px-Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg/370px-Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg/493px-Heads_of_Akhenaten_and_Nefertiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3982" data-file-height="5973" /></a><figcaption>Heads of Akhenaten and Nefertiti 18th Dynasty Egypt</figcaption></figure> <p>Nefertiti's burial was intended to be made within the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tomb_of_Akhenaten" title="Royal Tomb of Akhenaten">Royal Tomb</a> as laid out in the <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Stelae_of_Akhenaten" title="Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten">Boundary Stelae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murnane_1995_p.78_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murnane_1995_p.78-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that the unfinished annex of the Royal Tomb was intended for her use.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_2018_p.18_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson_2018_p.18-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, given that Akhenaten appears to have predeceased her it is highly unlikely she was ever buried there. One <a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">shabti</a> is known to have been made for her.<sup id="cite_ref-Kemp_2014_p.255_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kemp_2014_p.255-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unfinished Tomb 29, which would have been of very similar dimensions to the Royal Tomb had it been finished, is the most likely candidate for a tomb begun for Nefertiti's exclusive use.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given that it lacks a burial chamber, she was not interred there either. </p><p>In 2015, English archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Reeves" title="Nicholas Reeves">Nicholas Reeves</a> announced that high resolution scans revealed voids behind the walls of <a href="/wiki/KV62" class="mw-redirect" title="KV62">Tutankhamun's tomb</a> which he proposed to be the burial chamber of Nefertiti,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but subsequent radar scans showed that there are no hidden chambers.<sup id="cite_ref-Sambuelli_et_al_2019_p.8_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sambuelli_et_al_2019_p.8-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sambuelli_et_al_2019_p.9_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sambuelli_et_al_2019_p.9-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898, French archeologist <a href="/wiki/Victor_Loret" title="Victor Loret">Victor Loret</a> found two female mummies among those cached inside the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a> in <a href="/wiki/KV35" title="KV35">KV35</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings" title="Valley of the Kings">Valley of the Kings</a>. These two mummies, known as '<a href="/wiki/The_Elder_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="The Elder Lady">The Elder Lady</a>' and '<a href="/wiki/The_Younger_Lady_(mummy)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Younger Lady (mummy)">The Younger Lady</a>', were identified as likely candidates of her remains. </p><p>An article in <i><a href="/wiki/Kmt_(magazine)" title="Kmt (magazine)">KMT</a></i> magazine in 2001 suggested that the Elder Lady might be Nefertiti.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was subsequently shown that the 'Elder Lady' is in fact <a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a>, mother of Akhenaten. A lock of hair found in a coffinette bearing an inscription naming Queen Tiye proved a near perfect match to the hair of the 'Elder Lady'.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_et_al_1978_p.1151_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_et_al_1978_p.1151-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DNA analysis confirmed that she was the daughter of Tiye's parents <a href="/wiki/Yuya" title="Yuya">Yuya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuya" title="Thuya">Thuya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-640-641_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-640-641-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 June 2003 archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Joann_Fletcher" title="Joann Fletcher">Joann Fletcher</a>, a specialist in ancient hair from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a> in England, announced that Nefertiti's mummy may have been the Younger Lady. This theory was criticised by <a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Zahi Hawass</a> and several other Egyptologists.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a subsequent research project led by Hawass, the mummy was put through <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> analysis and <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> analysis. Researchers concluded that she is Tutankhamun's biological mother, an unnamed daughter of <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> and Tiye, not Nefertiti.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KV21B_mummy">KV21B mummy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: KV21B mummy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/KV21#KV21B" title="KV21">KV21 § KV21B</a></div> <p>One of the two female mummies found in <a href="/wiki/KV21" title="KV21">KV21</a> has been suggested as the body of Nefertiti. DNA analysis did not yield enough data to make a definitive identification but confirmed she was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty royal line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hawass_et_al_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawass_et_al-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CT-scanning revealed she was about 45 at the time of her death; her left arm had been bent over her chest in the 'queenly' pose. The possible identification is based on her association with the mummy tentatively identified as Ankhesenamun. It is suggested that just as a mother and daughter (Tiye and the Younger Lady) were found lying together in KV35, the same was true of these mummies.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hittite_letters">Hittite letters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hittite letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A document was found in the ancient Hittite capital of <a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a> which dates to the Amarna period. The document is part of the so-called <i>Deeds</i> of <a href="/wiki/Suppiluliuma_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppiluliuma I">Suppiluliuma I</a>. While laying siege to <a href="/wiki/Karkemish" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkemish">Karkemish</a>, the Hittite ruler receives a letter from the Egyptian queen. The letter reads:<sup id="cite_ref-Guterbock_1956_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guterbock_1956-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons. You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband... I am afraid.</p></blockquote> <p>This proposal is considered extraordinary as New Kingdom royal women never married foreign royalty.<sup id="cite_ref-Schulman_1979_p.179-180_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_1979_p.179-180-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uppiluliuma_I" title="Šuppiluliuma I">Suppiluliuma I</a> was understandably surprised and exclaimed to his courtiers:<sup id="cite_ref-Guterbock_1956_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guterbock_1956-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Nothing like this has happened to me in my entire life!</p></blockquote> <p>Understandably, he was wary, and had an envoy investigate the situation, but by so doing, he missed his chance to bring Egypt into his empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Guterbock_1956_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guterbock_1956-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eventually did send one of his sons, <a href="/wiki/Zannanza" title="Zannanza">Zannanza</a>, but the prince died, perhaps murdered, en route.<sup id="cite_ref-Guterbock_1956_107_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guterbock_1956_107-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kuhrt252_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuhrt252-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The identity of the queen who wrote the letter is uncertain. She is called <a href="/wiki/Dakhamunzu" title="Dakhamunzu">Dakhamunzu</a> in the Hittite annals, a translation of the Egyptian title <i>Ta hemet nesu</i> (The King's Wife).<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Darnell_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darnell-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APE_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APE-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possible candidates are Nefertiti, <a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grajetzki64_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grajetzki64-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenamun</a>. Ankhesenamun once seemed the likeliest, since there were no candidates for the throne on the death of her husband, Tutankhamun, whereas Akhenaten had at least two legitimate successors. But this was based on the assumption of a 27-year reign for the last 18th Dynasty pharaoh, <a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a>, who is now accepted to have had a shorter reign of only 14 years. This makes the deceased Egyptian king appear to be Akhenaten instead, rather than Tutankhamun.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Furthermore, the phrase regarding marriage to 'one of my subjects' (translated by some as 'servants') is possibly either a reference to the Grand Vizier <a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a> or a secondary member of the Egyptian royal family line. Since Nefertiti was depicted as being as powerful as her husband in official monuments smiting Egypt's enemies, she might be the <a href="/wiki/Dakhamunzu" title="Dakhamunzu">Dakhamunzu</a> in the Amarna correspondence, as <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Reeves" title="Nicholas Reeves">Nicholas Reeves</a> believes.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Headless_bust_of_Akhenaten_or_Nefertiti._Part_of_a_composite_red_quartzite_statue._Intentional_damage._Four_pairs_of_early_Aten_cartouches._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Headless bust of Akhenaten or Nefertiti. Part of a composite red quartzite statue. Intentional damage. Four pairs of early Aten cartouches. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London"><img alt="Headless bust of Akhenaten or Nefertiti. Part of a composite red quartzite statue. Intentional damage. Four pairs of early Aten cartouches. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Headless_bust_of_Akhenaten_or_Nefertiti._Part_of_a_composite_red_quartzite_statue._Intentional_damage._Four_pairs_of_early_Aten_cartouches._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/119px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Headless_bust_of_Akhenaten_or_Nefertiti._Part_of_a_composite_red_quartzite_statue._Intentional_damage._Four_pairs_of_early_Aten_cartouches._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/179px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Headless_bust_of_Akhenaten_or_Nefertiti._Part_of_a_composite_red_quartzite_statue._Intentional_damage._Four_pairs_of_early_Aten_cartouches._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/238px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3925" data-file-height="3952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Headless bust of Akhenaten or Nefertiti. Part of a composite red quartzite statue. Intentional damage. Four pairs of early Aten cartouches. Reign of Akhenaten. From <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna, Egypt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology">Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten,_Nefertiti,_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limestone statuette of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, or Amenhotep III and Tiye,[60] and a princess. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London"><img alt="Limestone statuette of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, or Amenhotep III and Tiye,[60] and a princess. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/94px-Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/141px-Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/189px-Limestone_statuette_of_Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiti%2C_and_a_princess._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3755" data-file-height="4774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Limestone statuette of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, or Amenhotep III and Tiye,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a princess. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limestone_relief_fragment._A_princess_holding_sistrum_behind_Nefertiti,_who_is_partially_seen._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limestone relief fragment. A princess holding sistrum behind Nefertiti, who is partially seen. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London"><img alt="Limestone relief fragment. A princess holding sistrum behind Nefertiti, who is partially seen. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Limestone_relief_fragment._A_princess_holding_sistrum_behind_Nefertiti%2C_who_is_partially_seen._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/97px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Limestone_relief_fragment._A_princess_holding_sistrum_behind_Nefertiti%2C_who_is_partially_seen._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/146px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Limestone_relief_fragment._A_princess_holding_sistrum_behind_Nefertiti%2C_who_is_partially_seen._Reign_of_Akhenaten._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/195px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="4951" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Limestone relief fragment. A princess holding sistrum behind Nefertiti, who is partially seen. Reign of Akhenaten. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siliceous_limestone_fragment_relief_of_Nefertiti._Extreme_style_of_portrait._Reign_of_Akhenaten,_probably_early_Amarna_Period._From_Amarna,_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siliceous limestone fragment relief of Nefertiti. Extreme style of portrait. Reign of Akhenaten, probably early Amarna Period. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London"><img alt="Siliceous limestone fragment relief of Nefertiti. Extreme style of portrait. Reign of Akhenaten, probably early Amarna Period. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Siliceous_limestone_fragment_relief_of_Nefertiti._Extreme_style_of_portrait._Reign_of_Akhenaten%2C_probably_early_Amarna_Period._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/80px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Siliceous_limestone_fragment_relief_of_Nefertiti._Extreme_style_of_portrait._Reign_of_Akhenaten%2C_probably_early_Amarna_Period._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Siliceous_limestone_fragment_relief_of_Nefertiti._Extreme_style_of_portrait._Reign_of_Akhenaten%2C_probably_early_Amarna_Period._From_Amarna%2C_Egypt._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/160px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="6015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Siliceous limestone fragment relief of Nefertiti. Extreme style of portrait. Reign of Akhenaten, probably early Amarna Period. From Amarna, Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Granite head statue of Nefertiti. The securing post at head apex allows for different hairstyles to adorn the head. Altes Museum, Berlin."><img alt="Granite head statue of Nefertiti. The securing post at head apex allows for different hairstyles to adorn the head. Altes Museum, Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png/82px-StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png/123px-StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png/164px-StatueHeadOfNefertiti01.png 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Granite head statue of Nefertiti. The securing post at head apex allows for different hairstyles to adorn the head. <a href="/wiki/Altes_Museum" title="Altes Museum">Altes Museum</a>, Berlin.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_(Berlin_21352).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Head statue of Nefertiti, Altes Museum, Berlin."><img alt="Head statue of Nefertiti, Altes Museum, Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_%28Berlin_21352%29.JPG/90px-Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_%28Berlin_21352%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_%28Berlin_21352%29.JPG/135px-Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_%28Berlin_21352%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_%28Berlin_21352%29.JPG/180px-Portraitkopf_der_Nofretete_%28Berlin_21352%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Head statue of Nefertiti, <a href="/wiki/Altes_Museum" title="Altes Museum">Altes Museum</a>, Berlin.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their daughters before the Aten. Stela of Akhenaten and his family, Egyptian Museum, Cairo."><img alt="Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their daughters before the Aten. Stela of Akhenaten and his family, Egyptian Museum, Cairo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG/120px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG/180px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG/240px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%C3%A9e066.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>, Nefertiti and their daughters before the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stela_of_Akhenaten_and_his_family" title="Stela of Akhenaten and his family">Stela of Akhenaten and his family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Egyptian Museum</a>, Cairo.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nefertiti offering oil to the Aten. Brooklyn Museum."><img alt="Nefertiti offering oil to the Aten. Brooklyn Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg/120px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg/180px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg/240px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Nefertiti_ca_1352-1336_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nefertiti offering oil to the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Talatat showing Nefertiti worshipping the Aten. Altes Museum."><img alt="Talatat showing Nefertiti worshipping the Aten. Altes Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png/120px-ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png/180px-ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png/240px-ReliefFragmentOfNefertitiWithSunDiskOfAten.png 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1146" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Talatat" title="Talatat">Talatat</a> showing Nefertiti worshipping the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Altes_Museum" title="Altes Museum">Altes Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Relief fragment with Nefertiti, Brooklyn Museum."><img alt="Relief fragment with Nefertiti, Brooklyn Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg/120px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg/180px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg/240px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_sandstone_Nefertiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Relief fragment with Nefertiti, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Akhenaten and Nefertiti. Louvre Museum, Paris."><img alt="Akhenaten and Nefertiti. Louvre Museum, Paris." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg/80px-Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg/120px-Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg/160px-Akhenathon_and_Nefertiti_E15593_mp3h8771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> and Nefertiti. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre Museum</a>, Paris.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nefertiti presenting an image of the goddess Maat to the Aten. Brooklyn Museum."><img alt="Nefertiti presenting an image of the goddess Maat to the Aten. Brooklyn Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png/120px-ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png/180px-ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png/240px-ParapetFragment-NefertitiPresentsMaatToAten_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="1407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nefertiti presenting an image of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Talatat representing Nefertiti and Akhenaten worshipping the Aten. Royal Ontario Museum."><img alt="Talatat representing Nefertiti and Akhenaten worshipping the Aten. Royal Ontario Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png/120px-AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png/180px-AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png/240px-AmarnaEra-NefertitAndAkhenatenWorshippingAten-ROM.png 2x" data-file-width="1987" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Talatat" title="Talatat">Talatat</a> representing Nefertiti and Akhenaten worshipping the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum" title="Royal Ontario Museum">Royal Ontario Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela,_Tell_el-Amarna,_18th_Dynasty,_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Boundary stele of Amarna with Nefertiti and her daughter, princess Meketaten, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art."><img alt="Boundary stele of Amarna with Nefertiti and her daughter, princess Meketaten, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela%2C_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_18th_Dynasty%2C_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG/120px-Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela%2C_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_18th_Dynasty%2C_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela%2C_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_18th_Dynasty%2C_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG/180px-Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela%2C_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_18th_Dynasty%2C_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela%2C_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_18th_Dynasty%2C_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG/240px-Queen_Nefert-iti_and_Princess_Meket-Aten_on_boundary_stela%2C_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_18th_Dynasty%2C_1353-1336_BCE_-_Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC08150.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boundary stele of <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a> with Nefertiti and her daughter, princess <a href="/wiki/Meketaten" title="Meketaten">Meketaten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art" title="Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art">Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limestone relief of Nefertiti kissing one of her daughters, Brooklyn Museum."><img alt="Limestone relief of Nefertiti kissing one of her daughters, Brooklyn Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg/120px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg/180px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg/240px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Relief_of_Nefertiti_Kissing_one_of_her_daughters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Limestone relief of Nefertiti kissing one of her daughters, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Talatat with an aged Nefertiti, Brooklyn Museum."><img alt="Talatat with an aged Nefertiti, Brooklyn Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png/120px-AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png/180px-AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png/240px-AmarnaRelief-Nefertiti-LateReliefImage_BrooklynMuseum.png 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Talatat" title="Talatat">Talatat</a> with an aged Nefertiti, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nefertiti was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Chaplin" title="Geraldine Chaplin">Geraldine Chaplin</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Nefertiti_y_Aquenatos" title="Nefertiti y Aquenatos">Nefertiti and Akhenaton</a></i> (1973), Mexican short film by <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Araiza_(director)" title="Raúl Araiza (director)">Raul Araiza.</a></li> <li>Nefertiti was portrayed again by <a href="/wiki/Riann_Steele" title="Riann Steele">Riann Steele</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> (2012), in the episode <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurs_on_a_Spaceship" title="Dinosaurs on a Spaceship">Dinosaurs on a Spaceship</a>.</li> <li>Nefertiti (presented as the same person as <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a>) is a key part of the archaeological topics in Jacqueline Benson's 2024 historical fantasy novel, <i>Tomb of the Sun King</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005276/Akhenaton">"Akhenaton"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070526165648/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005276/Akhenaton">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Akhenaton&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9005276%2FAkhenaton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beckerath190-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beckerath190_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Beckerath1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">von Beckerath, Jürgen</a> (1997). <i>Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten</i>. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. p. 190.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronologie+des+Pharaonischen+%C3%84gypten&rft.place=Mainz&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Philipp+von+Zabern&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=von+Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nefertiti">"Nefertit"</a>. <i>Collins Dictionary</i>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230745/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nefertiti?showCookiePolicy=true">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Nefertit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fnefertiti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedD'AuriaMarkowitz1999" class="citation book cs1">Freed, R. E.; D'Auria, S.; Markowitz, Y. J. (1999). <i>Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen</i>. Leiden: Museum of Fine Arts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pharaohs+of+the+Sun%3A+Akhenaten%2C+Nefertiti%2C+Tutankhamen&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Museum+of+Fine+Arts&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Freed&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft.au=D%27Auria%2C+S.&rft.au=Markowitz%2C+Y.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodson-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dodson_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodson_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodson_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodson_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodson2009" class="citation book cs1">Dodson, Aidan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia800701.us.archive.org/7/items/AmarnaSunset/Amarna%20Sunset.pdf"><i>Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The American University in Cairo Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">36–</span>38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-304-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-304-3"><bdi>978-977-416-304-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amarna+Sunset%3A+Nefertiti%2C+Tutankhamun%2C+Ay%2C+Horemheb%2C+and+the+Egyptian+Counter-Reformation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-977-416-304-3&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia800701.us.archive.org%2F7%2Fitems%2FAmarnaSunset%2FAmarna%2520Sunset.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_de_Perre2014" class="citation journal cs1">Van de Perre, Athena (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6682743">"The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis: A contribution to the study of the later years of Nefertiti"</a>. <i>Journal of Egyptian History</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">67–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18741665-12340014">10.1163/18741665-12340014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+History&rft.atitle=The+Year+16+graffito+of+Akhenaten+in+Dayr+Ab%C5%AB+%E1%B8%A4innis%3A+A+contribution+to+the+study+of+the+later+years+of+Nefertiti&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18741665-12340014&rft.aulast=Van+de+Perre&rft.aufirst=Athena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F6682743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadger_Utopia2017" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Badger Utopia (11 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401104146/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czSww5m39q4&t=2259s"><i>Nefertiti - Mummy Queen of Mystery</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czSww5m39q4&t=2259s">the original</a> on 1 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2017</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nefertiti+-+Mummy+Queen+of+Mystery&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.au=Badger+Utopia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DczSww5m39q4%26t%3D2259s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodson2020" class="citation book cs1">Dodson, A. (2020). <i>Nefertiti, Queen and Pharaoh of Egypt: Her Life and Afterlife</i>. 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London: Golden House Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9547218-9-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9547218-9-3"><bdi>978-0-9547218-9-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Queens%3A+A+Hieroglyphic+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Golden+House+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9547218-9-3&rft.aulast=Grajetzki&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson2016">Dodson (2016)</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchenkel1983" class="citation book cs1">Schenkel, W. (1983). <i>Zur Rekonstruktion deverbalen Nominalbildung des Ägyptischen</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. pp. 212, 214, 247.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zur+Rekonstruktion+deverbalen+Nominalbildung+des+%C3%84gyptischen&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=212%2C+214%2C+247&rft.pub=Harrasowitz&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Schenkel&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2014" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James P. (24 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cK-BAwAAQBAJ"><i>Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-05364-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-05364-9"><bdi>978-1-107-05364-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Language+and+Culture+of+Hieroglyphs&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft.isbn=978-1-107-05364-9&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcK-BAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amarnaI&II-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amarnaI&II_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/N._de_Garis_Davies" title="N. de Garis Davies">Norman De Garis Davies</a>, The rock tombs of el-Amarna, Parts I and II: Part 1 The tomb of Meryra & Part 2 The tombs of Panehesy and Meyra II, Egypt Exploration Society (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amarnaV&VI-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amarnaV&VI_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman De Garis Davies, The rock tombs of el-Amarna, Parts V and VI: Part 5 Smaller tombs and boundary stelae & Part 6 Tombs of Parennefer, Tutu and Ay, Egypt Exploration Society (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PM-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PM_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PM_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PM_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodsonHilton2004" class="citation book cs1">Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). <i>The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt</i>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05128-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05128-3"><bdi>0-500-05128-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-500-05128-3&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft.au=Hilton%2C+Dyan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dijk_1996_31-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dijk_1996_31_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Dijk1996" class="citation journal cs1">van Dijk, Jacobus (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092253/http://www.jacobusvandijk.nl/docs/BACE_7.pdf">"Horemheb and the Struggle for the Throne of Tutankhamun"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology</i>. <b>7</b>: 32. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacobusvandijk.nl/docs/BACE_7.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Australian+Centre+for+Egyptology&rft.atitle=Horemheb+and+the+Struggle+for+the+Throne+of+Tutankhamun&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=van+Dijk&rft.aufirst=Jacobus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacobusvandijk.nl%2Fdocs%2FBACE_7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dijk_1996_31-32-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dijk_1996_31-32_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Dijk1996" class="citation journal cs1">van Dijk, J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacobusvandijk.nl/docs/BACE_7.pdf">"Horemheb and the Struggle for the Throne of Tutankhamun"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology</i>: <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Australian+Centre+for+Egyptology&rft.atitle=Horemheb+and+the+Struggle+for+the+Throne+of+Tutankhamun&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=van+Dijk&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacobusvandijk.nl%2Fdocs%2FBACE_7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson201687–88-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson201687–88_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson2016">Dodson (2016)</a>, p. 87–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyldesley-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyldesley_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyldesley1998" class="citation book cs1">Tyldesley, Joyce (1998). <i>Nefertiti: Egypt's Sun Queen</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86998-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-86998-8"><bdi>0-670-86998-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nefertiti%3A+Egypt%27s+Sun+Queen&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-670-86998-8&rft.aulast=Tyldesley&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawasSaleem2016" class="citation book cs1">Hawas, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). <i>Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies</i>. New York: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-673-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-673-0"><bdi>978-977-416-673-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scanning+the+Pharaohs%3A+CT+Imaging+of+the+New+Kingdom+Royal+Mummies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-977-416-673-0&rft.aulast=Hawas&rft.aufirst=Zahi&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Sahar+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedford1987" class="citation book cs1">Redford, Donald B. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eF5_QgAACAAJ"><i>Akhenaten, the Heretic King</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691002170" title="Special:BookSources/9780691002170"><bdi>9780691002170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akhenaten%2C+the+Heretic+King&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780691002170&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeF5_QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontserrat2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Montserrat" title="Dominic Montserrat">Montserrat, Dominic</a> (2003). <i>Akhenaten: History, Fantasy and Ancient Egypt</i>. Psychology Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akhenaten%3A+History%2C+Fantasy+and+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Montserrat&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTropeQuirkeLacovara2005" class="citation book cs1">Trope, B.; Quirke, S.; Lacovara, P. (2005). <i>Excavating Egypt. Great Discoveries from the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</i>. Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-928917-06-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-928917-06-2"><bdi>1-928917-06-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excavating+Egypt.+Great+Discoveries+from+the+Petrie+Museum+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.pub=Michael+C.+Carlos+Museum%2C+Emory+University&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-928917-06-2&rft.aulast=Trope&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Quirke%2C+S.&rft.au=Lacovara%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurnane1995" class="citation book cs1">Murnane, William J. (1995). <i>Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt</i>. Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55540-966-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55540-966-0"><bdi>1-55540-966-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texts+from+the+Amarna+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-55540-966-0&rft.aulast=Murnane&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre2014_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Perre2014">van der Perre 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/nefertiti">"Nefertiti - Ancient History - HISTORY.com"</a>. <i>HISTORY.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY.com&rft.atitle=Nefertiti+-+Ancient+History+-+HISTORY.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fancient-history%2Fnefertiti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAncientHistory2017" class="citation cs2">AncientHistory (28 April 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106174348/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyYurJrSiRA&gl=US&hl=en"><i>Nefertiti's Odyssey - National Geographic Documentary</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyYurJrSiRA">the original</a> on 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nefertiti%27s+Odyssey+-+National+Geographic+Documentary&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft.au=AncientHistory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DiyYurJrSiRA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deep_Blue-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deep_Blue_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deep_Blue_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrand" class="citation book cs1">Brand, P. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012051415/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/M_Gabolde.pdf">"Under a Deep Blue Starry Sky"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>21. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Under+a+Deep+Blue+Starry+Sky&rft.btitle=Causing+His+Name+to+Live%3A+Studies+in+Egyptian+Epigraphy+and+History+in+Memory+of+William+J.+Murnane&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcassian.memphis.edu%2Fhistory%2Fmurnane%2FM_Gabolde.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAncientHistory2014" class="citation audio-visual cs1">AncientHistory (16 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308132614/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Kht878XLsg&gl=US&hl=en"><i><span></span>'Queen Nefertiti' The Most Beautiful Face of Egypt (Discovery Channel)</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Kht878XLsg">the original</a> on 8 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Queen+Nefertiti%27+The+Most+Beautiful+Face+of+Egypt+%28Discovery+Channel%29&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft.au=AncientHistory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7Kht878XLsg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadger_Utopia2017" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Badger Utopia (11 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czSww5m39q4"><i>Nefertiti - Mummy Queen of Mystery</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nefertiti+-+Mummy+Queen+of+Mystery&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.au=Badger+Utopia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DczSww5m39q4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reeves, Nicholas. <cite><i>Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet</i></cite>. p.172 Thames & Hudson. 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-28552-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-28552-7">0-500-28552-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_der_Perre_2012-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Van_der_Perre_2012_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Van_der_Perre_2012_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Perre2012" class="citation book cs1">Van der Perre, Athena (2012). Seyfried, Friederike (ed.). <i>In the Light of Amarna: 100 Years of the Nefertiti discovery</i>. Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86568-848-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86568-848-4"><bdi>978-3-86568-848-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Light+of+Amarna%3A+100+Years+of+the+Nefertiti+discovery&rft.pub=%C3%84gyptisches+Museum+und+Papyrussammlung%2C+Staatliche+Museen+zu+Berlin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-86568-848-4&rft.aulast=Van+der+Perre&rft.aufirst=Athena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201468-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201468_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Perre2014">van der Perre 2014</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201473-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201473_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Perre2014">van der Perre 2014</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201476-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201476_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Perre2014">van der Perre 2014</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201477-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Perre201477_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Perre2014">van der Perre 2014</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murnane_1995_p.78-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murnane_1995_p.78_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurnane1995" class="citation book cs1">Murnane, William J. (1995). <i>Texts from the Amarna period in Egypt</i>. United States of America: Scholars Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55540-966-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55540-966-0"><bdi>1-55540-966-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texts+from+the+Amarna+period+in+Egypt&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Scholars+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-55540-966-0&rft.aulast=Murnane&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodson_2018_p.18-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dodson_2018_p.18_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodson2018" class="citation book cs1">Dodson, Aidan (2018). <i>Amarna sunset : Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian counter-reformation</i> (Revised ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-859-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-416-859-8"><bdi>978-977-416-859-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amarna+sunset+%3A+Nefertiti%2C+Tutankhamun%2C+Ay%2C+Horemheb%2C+and+the+Egyptian+counter-reformation&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=18&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-977-416-859-8&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kemp_2014_p.255-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kemp_2014_p.255_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp2014" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Barry (2014). <i>The city of Akhenaten and Nefertiti : Amarna and its people</i>. New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-29120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-29120-7"><bdi>978-0-500-29120-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+city+of+Akhenaten+and+Nefertiti+%3A+Amarna+and+its+people&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-500-29120-7&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Barry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amarnaproject.com/documents/pdf/Amarna-Royal-Tombs.pdf"><i>The Amarna Royal Tombs at Amarna</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://amarnaproject.com/documents/pdf/Amarna-Royal-Tombs.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amarna+Royal+Tombs+at+Amarna&rft.pages=6&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famarnaproject.com%2Fdocuments%2Fpdf%2FAmarna-Royal-Tombs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2015" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Sean (11 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/archaeologist-believes-hidden-passageway-tomb-tutankhamun-leads-resting-place-nefertiti-1514990">"Archaeologist believes hidden passageway in tomb of Tutankhamun leads to resting place of Nefertiti"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Archaeologist+believes+hidden+passageway+in+tomb+of+Tutankhamun+leads+to+resting+place+of+Nefertiti&rft.date=2015-08-11&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Farchaeologist-believes-hidden-passageway-tomb-tutankhamun-leads-resting-place-nefertiti-1514990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151130100141/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151128-tut-tomb-scans-hidden-chambers/">"Radar Scans in King Tut's Tomb Suggest Hidden Chambers"</a>. <i>National Geographic News</i>. 28 November 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=Radar+Scans+in+King+Tut%27s+Tomb+Suggest+Hidden+Chambers&rft.date=2015-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2F2015%2F11%2F151128-tut-tomb-scans-hidden-chambers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sambuelli_et_al_2019_p.8-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sambuelli_et_al_2019_p.8_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSambuelliCominaCatanzaritiBarsuglia2019" class="citation journal cs1">Sambuelli, Luigi; Comina, Cesare; Catanzariti, Gianluca; Barsuglia, Filippo; Morelli, Gianfranco; Porcelli, Francesco (May 2019). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weekly+Column+-+Dr.+Zahi+Hawass&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zahihawass.com%2Fwc_no_discrimination.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawass_et_al-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hawass_et_al_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawassGadSomaiaKhairat2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Hawass, Zahi</a>; Gad, Yehia Z.; Somaia, Ismail; Khairat, Rabab; Fathalla, Dina; Hasan, Naglaa; Ahmed, Amal; Elleithy, Hisham; Ball, Markus; Gaballah, Fawzi; Wasef, Sally; Fateen, Mohamed; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Selim, Ashraf; Zink, Albert; Pusch, Carsten M. (17 February 2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/185393">"Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family"</a></span>. <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>. <b>303</b> (7). Chicago, Illinois: American Medical Association: <span class="nowrap">638–</span>647. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2010.121">10.1001/jama.2010.121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-3598">1538-3598</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20159872">20159872</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tutankhamun%27s+Armies%3A+Battle+and+Conquest+During+Ancient+Egypt%27s+Late+Eighteenth+Dynasty&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007-08-03&rft.isbn=978-0-471-74358-3&rft.aulast=Darnell&rft.aufirst=John+Coleman&rft.au=Manassa%2C+Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7MvtJ2LbKgwC%26dq%3DDakhamunzu%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APE-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APE_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthewsRoemer2016" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Roger; Roemer, Cornelia, eds. (16 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I7AYDQAAQBAJ&dq=Dakhamunzu&pg=PT163"><i>Ancient Perspectives on Egypt</i></a>. Routledge. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-43491-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-43491-9"><bdi>978-1-315-43491-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Perspectives+on+Egypt&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-315-43491-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI7AYDQAAQBAJ%26dq%3DDakhamunzu%26pg%3DPT163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grajetzki64-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grajetzki64_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrajetzki2000" class="citation book cs1">Grajetzki, Wolfram (2000). <i>Ancient Egyptian Queens; a hieroglyphic dictionary</i>. London: Golden House. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Queens%3B+a+hieroglyphic+dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Golden+House&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Grajetzki&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Reeves,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7415055/Tutankhamuns_Mask_Reconsidered_in_press_corrected_proof_2015_">Tutankhamun's Mask Reconsidered</a> BES 19 (2014), pp.523</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, W. Raymond (1996). "Amenhotep III and Amarna: Some New Considerations". <i>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i>. <b>82</b>: 76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030751339608200112">10.1177/030751339608200112</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822115">3822115</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193461821">193461821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Amenhotep+III+and+Amarna%3A+Some+New+Considerations&rft.volume=82&rft.pages=76&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A193461821%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3822115%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030751339608200112&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=W.+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodson2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Dodson" title="Aidan Dodson">Dodson, Aidan</a> (2016) [2014]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hOPfBgAAQBAJ"><i>Amarna Sunrise: Egypt from Golden Age to Age of Heresy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/American_University_in_Cairo_Press" title="American University in Cairo Press">American University in Cairo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781617975608" title="Special:BookSources/9781617975608"><bdi>9781617975608</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amarna+Sunrise%3A+Egypt+from+Golden+Age+to+Age+of+Heresy&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781617975608&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhOPfBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Perre2014" class="citation journal cs1">van der Perre, Athena (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6682743">"The Year 16 graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. A Contribution to the Study of the Later Years of Nefertiti"</a>. <i>Journal of Egyptian History</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">67–</span>106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18741665-12340014">10.1163/18741665-12340014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+History&rft.atitle=The+Year+16+graffito+of+Akhenaten+in+Dayr+Ab%C5%AB+%E1%B8%A4innis.+A+Contribution+to+the+Study+of+the+Later+Years+of+Nefertiti&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E106&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18741665-12340014&rft.aulast=van+der+Perre&rft.aufirst=Athena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F6682743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANefertiti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefertiti&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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.sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Nefertiti</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nefertiti" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Nefertiti">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nefertiti" class="extiw" title="q:Nefertiti">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/sammlungen/details.php?lang=en&objectId=2">Staatliche Museen zu Berlin: Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100702044305/http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/sammlungen/details.php?lang=en&objectId=2">Archived</a> 2010-07-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/14406398/The_Burial_of_Nefertiti_2015_">C. Nicholas Reeves: The Burial of Nefertiti?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16769699/Who_else_might_be_in_Pharaoh_Tutankhamun_s_tomb_KV_62_c._1325_BC_">Habicht M. et al: Who else might be in Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb (KV 62, c. 1325 BC)?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sketchfab.com/models/0de77041bfb74f259b313cf9ed81fbaa">A 3D model of a bust of Nefertiti</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Queens_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Template:Queens of ancient Egypt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Queens_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Template talk:Queens of ancient Egypt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Queens_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Queens of ancient Egypt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Queens_of_ancient_Egypt67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_royal_consorts" title="List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts">Queens of ancient Egypt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_Period_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic Period</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Period429" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neithhotep" title="Neithhotep">Neithhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benerib" title="Benerib">Benerib</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khenthap" title="Khenthap">Khenthap</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herneith" title="Herneith">Herneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhtneith" title="Nakhtneith">Nakhtneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penebui" title="Penebui">Penebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneith" title="Merneith">Merneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshemetka" title="Seshemetka">Seshemetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semat" title="Semat">Semat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serethor" title="Serethor">Serethor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betrest" title="Betrest">Betrest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Menka_(queen)" title="Menka (queen)">Menka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimaathap" title="Nimaathap">Nimaathap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hetephernebti" title="Hetephernebti">Hetephernebti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Djeseretnebti" title="Djeseretnebti">Djeseretnebti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djefatnebti" title="Djefatnebti">Djefatnebti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_I" title="Meresankh I">Meresankh I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hetepheres_I" title="Hetepheres I">Hetepheres I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritites_I" title="Meritites I">Meritites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henutsen" title="Henutsen">Henutsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentetka" title="Khentetka">Khentetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_II" title="Meresankh II">Meresankh II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetepheres_II" title="Hetepheres II">Hetepheres II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_III" title="Meresankh III">Meresankh III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamerernebty_I" title="Khamerernebty I">Khamerernebty I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persenet" title="Persenet">Persenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekenuhedjet" title="Hekenuhedjet">Hekenuhedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamerernebty_II" title="Khamerernebty II">Khamerernebty II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhetre" title="Rekhetre">Rekhetre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunefer" title="Bunefer">Bunefer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_I" title="Khentkaus I">Khentkaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhetepes_(wife_of_Userkaf)" title="Neferhetepes (wife of Userkaf)">Neferhetepes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretnebty" title="Meretnebty">Meretnebty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_II" title="Khentkaus II">Khentkaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_III" title="Khentkaus III">Khentkaus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptynub" title="Reptynub">Reptynub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuit_I" title="Khuit I">Khuit I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebunebty" title="Nebunebty">Nebunebty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meresankh_IV" title="Meresankh IV">Meresankh IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setibhor" title="Setibhor">Setibhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebet_(queen)" title="Nebet (queen)">Nebet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenut" title="Khenut">Khenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimaathap_II" title="Nimaathap II">Nimaathap II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iput" title="Iput">Iput I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuit">Khuit II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_I" title="Ankhesenpepi I">Ankhesenpepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_II" title="Ankhesenpepi II">Ankhesenpepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubwenet" title="Nubwenet">Nubwenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritites_IV" title="Meritites IV">Meritites IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inenek-Inti" title="Inenek-Inti">Inenek-Inti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjeftet" title="Nedjeftet">Nedjeftet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith_(wife_of_Pepi_II)" title="Neith (wife of Pepi II)">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iput_II" title="Iput II">Iput II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udjebten" title="Udjebten">Udjebten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_III" title="Ankhesenpepi III">Ankhesenpepi III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpepi_IV" title="Ankhesenpepi IV">Ankhesenpepi IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitocris" title="Nitocris">Nitocris</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neferu_I" title="Neferu I">Neferu I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferukayet" title="Neferukayet">Neferukayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah_(queen)" title="Iah (queen)">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_(queen)" title="Tem (queen)">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferu_II" title="Neferu II">Neferu II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashayet" title="Ashayet">Ashayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henhenet" title="Henhenet">Henhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeh_(queen)" title="Sadeh (queen)">Sadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawit_(queen)" title="Kawit (queen)">Kawit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemsit" title="Kemsit">Kemsit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferitatjenen" title="Neferitatjenen">Neferitatjenen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferu_III" title="Neferu III">Neferu III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keminub" title="Keminub">Keminub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senet_(queen)" title="Senet (queen)">Senet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenemetneferhedjet_I" title="Khenemetneferhedjet I">Khenemetneferhedjet I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nofret_II" title="Nofret II">Nofret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenmet" title="Khenmet">Khenmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenemetneferhedjet_II" title="Khenemetneferhedjet II">Khenemetneferhedjet II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferthenut" title="Neferthenut">Neferthenut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meretseger_(queen)" title="Meretseger (queen)">Meretseger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aat_(queen)" title="Aat (queen)">Aat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenemetneferhedjet_III" title="Khenemetneferhedjet III">Khenemetneferhedjet III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nofret_(13th_Dynasty_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nofret (13th Dynasty queen)">Nofret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubhetepti" title="Nubhetepti">Nubhetepti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senebhenas" title="Senebhenas">Senebhenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neni" title="Neni">Neni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senebsen" title="Senebsen">Senebsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjan_(queen)" title="Tjan (queen)">Tjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineni_(queen)" title="Ineni (queen)">Ineni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkhaes" title="Nubkhaes">Nubkhaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aya_(queen)" title="Aya (queen)">Aya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetni" title="Abetni">Abetni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsobek" title="Satsobek">Satsobek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tati_(queen)" title="Tati (queen)">Tati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_(queen)" title="Mentuhotep (queen)">Mentuhotep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubemhat" title="Nubemhat">Nubemhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_(queen)" title="Sobekemsaf (queen)">Sobekemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haankhes" title="Haankhes">Haankhes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetisheri" title="Tetisheri">Tetisheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahhotep_I" title="Ahhotep I">Ahhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_Inhapy" title="Ahmose Inhapy">Ahmose Inhapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitdjehuti" title="Sitdjehuti">Sitdjehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahhotep_II" title="Ahhotep II">Ahhotep II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Sitkamose" title="Ahmose-Sitkamose">Ahmose-Sitkamose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Henuttamehu" title="Ahmose-Henuttamehu">Ahmose-Henuttamehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Meritamun" title="Ahmose-Meritamun">Ahmose-Meritamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_(queen)" title="Ahmose (queen)">Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutnofret" title="Mutnofret">Mutnofret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iset_(queen)" title="Iset (queen)">Iset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satiah" title="Satiah">Satiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merytre-Hatshepsut" title="Merytre-Hatshepsut">Merytre-Hatshepsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtu" title="Nebtu">Nebtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhet,_Menwi_and_Merti" title="Menhet, Menwi and Merti">Menhet, Menwi and Merti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsemi" title="Nebsemi">Nebsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaa" title="Tiaa">Tiaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertari_(18th_dynasty)" title="Nefertari (18th dynasty)">Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaret" title="Iaret">Iaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutemwiya" title="Mutemwiya">Mutemwiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilukhipa" title="Gilukhipa">Gilukhipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamun" title="Sitamun">Sitamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iset_(daughter_of_Amenhotep_III)" title="Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)">Iset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadukhipa" title="Tadukhipa">Tadukhipa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kiya" title="Kiya">Kiya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nefertiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tey" title="Tey">Tey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutnedjmet" title="Mutnedjmet">Mutnedjmet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebetnehat" title="Nebetnehat">Nebetnehat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitre" title="Sitre">Sitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuya_(queen)" title="Tuya (queen)">Tuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanedjemet" title="Tanedjemet">Tanedjemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertari" title="Nefertari">Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isetnofret" title="Isetnofret">Isetnofret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henutmire" title="Henutmire">Henutmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maathorneferure" title="Maathorneferure">Maathorneferure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritamen" title="Meritamen">Meritamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintanath" title="Bintanath">Bintanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebettawy" title="Nebettawy">Nebettawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merytre" title="Merytre">Merytre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isetnofret_II" title="Isetnofret II">Isetnofret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhat" title="Takhat">Takhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaa_(wife_of_Seti_II)" title="Tiaa (wife of Seti II)">Tiaa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anuketemheb" title="Anuketemheb">Anuketemheb</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiy-Merenese" title="Tiy-Merenese">Tiy-Merenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iset_Ta-Hemdjert" title="Iset Ta-Hemdjert">Iset Ta-Hemdjert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyti" title="Tyti">Tyti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiye_(20th_dynasty)" title="Tiye (20th dynasty)">Tiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duatentopet" title="Duatentopet">Duatentopet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henutwati" title="Henutwati">Henutwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawerettenru" title="Tawerettenru">Tawerettenru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkhesbed" title="Nubkhesbed">Nubkhesbed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baketwernel" title="Baketwernel">Baketwernel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentamun_(20th_dynasty)" title="Tentamun (20th dynasty)">Tentamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentamun_(21st_dynasty)" title="Tentamun (21st dynasty)">Tentamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutnedjmet_(21st_dynasty)" title="Mutnedjmet (21st dynasty)">Mutnedjmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimala" title="Karimala">Karimala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karomama_A" title="Karomama A">Karomama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penreshnes" title="Penreshnes">Penreshnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maatkare_B" title="Maatkare B">Maatkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashedkhonsu" title="Tashedkhonsu">Tashedkhonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesitaudjatakhet" title="Nesitaudjatakhet">Nesitaudjatakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesitanebetashru" title="Nesitanebetashru">Nesitanebetashru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapes" title="Kapes">Kapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karomama_I" title="Karomama I">Karomama I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadibast_III" title="Tadibast III">Tadibast III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karomama_II" title="Karomama II">Karomama II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pebatjma" title="Pebatjma">Pebatjma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabiry" title="Tabiry">Tabiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abar_(Queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abar (Queen)">Abar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensa" title="Khensa">Khensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peksater" title="Peksater">Peksater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arty_(Queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arty (Queen)">Arty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalhata" title="Qalhata">Qalhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabekenamun" title="Tabekenamun">Tabekenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takahatenamun" title="Takahatenamun">Takahatenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naparaye" title="Naparaye">Naparaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atakhebasken" title="Atakhebasken">Atakhebasken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaqaye" title="Malaqaye">Malaqaye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_Period_and_Hellenistic_Period_(664–30_BC)67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom#History" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Hellenistic Period</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (664–30 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nobold">Pharaoh<sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></sup></span></li> <li><span class="nobold"><i>uncertain</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehytenweskhet" title="Mehytenweskhet">Mehytenweskhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedebneithirbinet_I" title="Khedebneithirbinet I">Khedebneithirbinet I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhuit" title="Takhuit">Takhuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentkheta" title="Tentkheta">Tentkheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhtubasterau" title="Nakhtubasterau">Nakhtubasterau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladice_(Cyrenaean_princess)" title="Ladice (Cyrenaean princess)">Ladice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atossa" title="Atossa">Atossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artystone" title="Artystone">Artystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmys" title="Parmys">Parmys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amestris" title="Amestris">Amestris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaspia" title="Damaspia">Damaspia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parysatis" title="Parysatis">Parysatis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stateira_(wife_of_Darius_III)" title="Stateira (wife of Darius III)">Stateira I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom#History" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Hellenistic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateira_(wife_of_Alexander_the_Great)" title="Stateira (wife of Alexander the Great)">Stateira II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parysatis_II" title="Parysatis II">Parysatis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_II_of_Macedon" title="Eurydice II of Macedon">Eurydice II of Macedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_I_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice I of Egypt">Berenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_I" title="Arsinoe I">Arsinoe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III of Egypt">Arsinoe III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra Selene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI" title="Cleopatra VI">Cleopatra VI</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV" title="Berenice IV">Berenice IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/15px-Double_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/23px-Double_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Double_crown.svg/30px-Double_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt family tree (page does not exist)">2<sup>nd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt family tree (page does not exist)">3<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amarna_Period160" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amarna_Period" title="Template:Amarna Period"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amarna_Period" title="Template talk:Amarna Period"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amarna_Period" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amarna Period"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amarna_Period160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amarna_Period" title="Amarna Period">Amarna Period</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharaohs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akhenaten,_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/233px-Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-Akhenaten%2C_Nefertiri_and_three_daughers_beneath_the_Aten_-_Neues_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3994" data-file-height="3303" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nefertiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiya" title="Kiya">Kiya</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Younger_Lady" title="The Younger Lady">The Younger Lady</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tey" title="Tey">Tey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritaten" title="Meritaten">Meritaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meketaten" title="Meketaten">Meketaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten_Tasherit" title="Neferneferuaten Tasherit">Neferneferuaten Tasherit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferure" title="Neferneferure">Neferneferure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setepenre_(princess)" title="Setepenre (princess)">Setepenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritaten_Tasherit" title="Meritaten Tasherit">Meritaten Tasherit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenpaaten_Tasherit" title="Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit">Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Nobles</li><li>Officials</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aperel" title="Aperel">Aperel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bek_(sculptor)" title="Bek (sculptor)">Bek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huya_(noble)" title="Huya (noble)">Huya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(noble)" title="Ipy (noble)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahu_(noble)" title="Mahu (noble)">Mahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia_(nurse)" title="Maia (nurse)">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_(noble)" title="May (noble)">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryneith" title="Meryneith">Meryneith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryre" title="Meryre">Meryre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryre_II" title="Meryre II">Meryre II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutbenret" title="Mutbenret">Mutbenret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhtpaaten" title="Nakhtpaaten">Nakhtpaaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkheperu-her-sekheper" title="Neferkheperu-her-sekheper">Neferkheperuhersekheper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paatenemheb" title="Paatenemheb">Paatenemheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panehesy" title="Panehesy">Panehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parennefer" title="Parennefer">Parennefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthu" title="Penthu">Penthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramose_(TT55)" title="Ramose (TT55)">Ramose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_(sculptor)" title="Thutmose (sculptor)">Thutmose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Akhetaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Amenhotep_IV" title="Temple of Amenhotep IV">Karnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KV55" title="KV55">KV55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KV62" class="mw-redirect" title="KV62">KV62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_Nobles_(Amarna)" title="Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna)">Amarna Tombs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_succession" title="Amarna succession">Amarna succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhamunzu" title="Dakhamunzu">Dakhamunzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarna_art" title="Amarna art">Amarna Art Style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40930#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1942" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40930#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1942" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40930#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000093382861">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16015127">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1837102/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc3Dwxx69wyw8Wg4DCfbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11858846X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50032731">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098341n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098341n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701303&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000043528">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/171893">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007450905105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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