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padding:10px 0 0 220px; color:#960;">Sadarak</p> </div> <div id="container"> <article id="post-855" class="post-855 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-regions tag-agoglan-piri tag-agoglan-shrine tag-araz-cayi tag-heydarabad-settlement tag-heydrabad-qsbsi tag-historical-sites tag-kars-agreement tag-naxcivan-mssr-tarixi tag-qars-muqavilsi-1921 tag-recent-history tag-sadarak tag-sadarak-fights tag-sadarak-place-name tag-sdrk tag-sdrk-doyuslri tag-the-aras tag-the-aras-place-name"> <div id="content"> <section class="entry-content"> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #993300;">This is the only Azerbaijani district bordering on Turkey. In the years of blockade Nakhchivan’s only “road of life” passed through Sadarak, which is considered NAR’s fortress. Mount Agri Dagi is visible from here. The bridge over the Aras, also called the “bridge of hope”, links Azerbaijan with Turkey. It was opened in a ceremony on 26 May 1992 and proved instrumental in eliminating the blockade Nakhchivan was subjected to in the 1990s. The Nakhchivan-Istanbul bus route passes through the bridge.</span></p> <table width="700"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;" width="225"> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Note</span></strong></p> <p>Established in 1990, the district covers 151 sq. km. and has three villages. The distance to Yerevan is 60 km. Located in the north-west of NAR, Sadarak shares an 11-km border with Turkey and a 24-km one with Armenia. Its climate is continental with hot summer and cold winter.</p> <p>15th century Turkish traveler Evliya Chelebi described Sadarak in his Seyahatname (Itinerary) in the following way:</p> <p>“We have reached Sadarak. This Nakhchivan village is beautiful and comfortable. It has 1000 nice houses, many gardens and vineyards and pleasant climate. Its population is Shiite. There is a hot water spring at the foot of a tall mountain here.”</p> <p>Indeed, mineral water springs similar to Istisu and Jeleznovodsk were discovered in Sadarak in 1980.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Heydarabad settlement</span></strong></p> <p>This administrative center of the district was established on the initiative of Heydar Aliyev in the 1970s. Due to its closeness to Armenia, it has repeatedly come under attacks during the war. It was restored in the late 1990s and named after Heydar Aliyev on his 75th birthday anniversary. Sadarak is located in the north-west of NAR on the southern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus on the Dahna and Validag mounds. The Garachay, Chapan and Aras rivers flow through the district.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• The Aras</span></strong></p> <p>It is the biggest tributary of the Kura and the second biggest river in the South Caucasus for affluence. It is 1072-meter long. Its 600-km section forms Azerbaijan’s state borders with Armenia, Iran and Turkey. Information about the Aras is provided by antique and medieval authors. The archeological sites discovered in its valley are evidence of old dwellings. Magnificent and rare structures such as the Khodaafarin Bridges with 11 and 15 passes are a wonderful example of Nakhchivan’s architectural school.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• The Aras place-name</span></strong></p> <p>The name dates back to the 3rd-1st centuries B.C. Some researchers suggest that in ancient Persian language it means river and water. In Greek it means “digging” (due to its rapid flow), in Persian “running”, while in Arabic “to run”.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Historical note</span></strong></p> <p>Following a long-running war between Iran and Russia, Azer-baijani lands were divided in two under agreements signed in 1813 and 1828. According to the 1828 Turkmenchay agreement, the Aras river became the border between Iran and Russia. The border was shut down but reopened 161 ye-ars later.</td> <td style="text-align: left;" width="225"> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Recent history</span></strong></p> <p>31 December 1989 saw an extraordinary event in USSR history as state borders called “the metal grating” were knocked down enabling people to cross the Aras. In early 1990, the Supreme Council of the Nakhchivan SSR passed a shocking decision to secede from the USSR. Proceeding from the Kars agreement, the autonomous republic’s legislature asked Turkey, Iran, the UN and other international organizations for help. The decision came like thunder from a clear sky. It was the first time in USSR history when a decision to break away from it was passed by an autonomous republic, not even a fully-fledged republic.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Sadarak fights</span></strong></p> <p>On 19-20 January 1990, Armenian armed units attacked and seized Sadarak’s Karki village. All Sadarak villages came under attack. The district was exposed to 14 Armenian hardware attacks in 1990-1994. Although the autonomous republic was in a state of blockade and hundreds of its people were killed, the local population never left Sadarak. It found shelter in foothill areas and fought back. The 1990-1993 period went down in history as Sadarak fights. Karki is the only village in Nakhchivan to be occupied by Armenians. There is a grave of a Turkish soldier here. Local people’s accounts of those days are bloodcurdling. The district is still within walking distance from enemy entrenchments. <em> </em></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Historical sites</span></strong></p> <p>At first sight there is not much to see. Sadarak was an important medieval settlement on the Yerevan-Nakhchivan trade road. There are remains of the Sadarak fortress 955 meters above sea level, three medieval mosques, ruins of defense structures, a caravansary, the Agoglan shrine, and a 19-20th century bath-house here. Sadarak’s archeological sites were registered in 1958. The best-known of them is the Agoglan shrine attributed to the 7-11th centuries.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Agoglan shrine</span></strong></p> <p>Its age remains unknown. According to a legend, a husband and a wife used to live in this lonely valley. There was no-one else here. The two lived on animals from surrounding mountains and were buried here when they died. The tomb over the woman’s grave is called Seyid Pari, while Agoglan was her son. The legend goes that Agoglan killed a malicious dervish much to the joy of the local population. Those suffering from different health problems often visit the shrine. The water from a local spring is said to be sacred.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Sadarak place-name</span></strong></p> <p>There are different theories about the word’s origin. Some say Sadarak means three valleys in Farsi. Indeed, there are three valleys in Sadarak: Chanagchichay, Chahannamdara, Bagirsag (due to its length). Linguists link the word to “sed rang”, i.e. a hundred colors. Sedrak means a place inhabited by many people in Arabic. In the 14th century, it was inhabited by the Saadli tribe. Local etymology suggests that Sadarak is made up of sel and garak (flood-prone). Researchers believe that the word relates to a place called Sakrak mentioned in the Book of Dada Gorgud.</td> <td style="text-align: left;" width="225"> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• History</span></strong></p> <p>The Barda-Yerevan-Nakhchivan-Julfa- Tabriz section of the Great Silk Way linking Azerbaijan’s north with MiddleEastern countries passed through Sadarak. 17th century French traveler Jean Chardin shares his impressions of a journey to Iran where he was taking jewelry items for Shah Abbas. This is what he wrote about his journey from Yerevan to Nakhchivan in April 1673:</p> <p>“I passed a major settlement called Sadarak. It turns out that due to its strategic location Sadarak was Sharur’s main city. Its mayor also lived in Sadarak.”</p> <p>During the 1722 attack of Peter the Great on the Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan fell under the influence of the Ottomans, while following the 1828 Turkmenchay agreement it was passed on to Russia to become part of Yerevan province. In a letter to Gen Paskevich from 23 September 1828, A. Griboyedov provided information about the Nakhchivan population. In an effort to expand its borders and step up its positions, Czarist Russia abolished local khanates on 21 March 1828 and started massive settlement of Armenian families in Nakhchivan. Under a 1828 decree of Czar Nicolas the First, an “Armenian province” was established on the territory of Yerevan and Nakhchivan khanates and about 130,000 Armenians resettled there from Iran and Turkey.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• History of the Nakhchivan SSR</span></strong></p> <p>The Nakhchivan-Aras republic was established in 1918. Thanks to the efforts of the local population and the Turkish army, the annexation of Nakhchivan to Armenia was prevented. After Nakhchivan had become part of the USSR, Moscow passed Zangezur on to Armenia. Thus, a 45-km-wide strip stretching towards the Aras was cut off from the rest of Azerbaijan, eventually preconditioning the provision of Nakhchivan with the autonomy status. The territory between Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan was passed on to the Armenian SSR in November 1921 when Soviet power was established there. Considering Nakhchivan’s Azerbaijani origin, it received the status of an autonomy within the Azerbaijan SSR. The NAR was established in 1924. Prior to that, to preserve Nakhchivan within Azerbaijan, the Kars agreement was signed.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #993300;">• Kars agreement (1921)</span></strong></p> <p>The agreement involving Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia Soviet Socialist Republics and the RSFSR was signed in Kars. According to Clause 3 of Article 5, Nakhchivan territorial affiliation was confirmed again:</p> <p>“The governments of Soviet Armenia and Azerbaijan agree that the Nakhchivan province will form an autonomous region of Azerbaijan with the borders established under Annex III to the present agreement.”</p> <p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"></div><div name="#" class="buttons_share" style="text-align:left; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:5px;">  <div class="facebook-button"> <noindex><a rel="nofollow" title="Share to Facebook" href="#facebook" name="facebook" onclick="new_window('https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/sadarak/');"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442im_/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/azerbaijan/plugins/share-buttons/images/social/original_count/facebook_en.png" alt="Share to Facebook"/></a></noindex> </div> <div class="googleplus-button"> <noindex><g:plusone 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<figure class="gallery-item"> <a class="colorbox" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/azerbaijan/uploads/2011/07/Heydərabad-qəsəbəsi.jpg" title="Heydərabad qəsəbəsi" rel="attachment"> <img width="200" height="200" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442im_/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/azerbaijan/uploads/2011/07/Heydərabad-qəsəbəsi-200x200.jpg" class="attachment-gallery-thumb" alt="Heydərabad qəsəbəsi" title="Heydərabad qəsəbəsi"/> </a> </figure> <figure class="gallery-item"> <a class="colorbox" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/azerbaijan/uploads/2011/07/Məscid.jpg" title="Məscid" rel="attachment"> <img width="200" height="200" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442im_/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/azerbaijan/uploads/2011/07/Məscid-200x200.jpg" class="attachment-gallery-thumb" alt="Məscid" title="Məscid"/> </a> </figure> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </section> <div class="entry-header"> <aside class="entry-meta"> <ul> </ul> </aside> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </article> <div id="sidebar" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="text-5" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title"> Cities and regions</h3> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/baku/" title="Absheron – Baku">Absheron – Baku</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/lankaran/" title="Lankaran">Lankaran</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/quba/" title="Guba">Guba</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/nakhchivan/" title="Nakhchivan">Nakhchivan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/khizi/" title="Khizi">Khizi</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/siyazan/" title="Siyazan">Siyazan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/sumgayit/" title="Sumgayit">Sumgayit</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/shabran/" title="Shabran">Shabran</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gusar/" title="Gusar">Gusar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/khachmaz/" title="Khachmaz">Khachmaz</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gabala/" title="Gabala">Gabala</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/oghuz/" title="Oghuz">Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/sheki/" title="Shaki">Shaki</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/qax/" title="Gakh">Gakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/zaqatala/" title="Zagatala">Zagatala</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/balaken/" title="Balakan">Balakan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/qobustan/" title="Gobustan">Gobustan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/shamakhi/" title="Shamakhy">Shamakhy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/aghsu/" title="Aghsu">Aghsu</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/ismayilli/" title="Ismayilli">Ismayilli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/kurdemir/" title="Kurdemir">Kurdemir</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/ucar/" title="Ujar">Ujar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/goychay/" title="Goychay">Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/aghdash/" title="Aghdash">Aghdash</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/zardab/" title="Zardab">Zardab</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/salyan/" title="Salyan">Salyan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/neftchala/" title="Netftchala">Netftchala</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/bilasuvar/" title="Bilasuvar">Bilasuvar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/jalilabad/" title="Jalilabad">Jalilabad</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/masalli/" title="Masalli">Masalli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/yardimli/" title="Yardimli">Yardimli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/lerik/" title="Lerik">Lerik</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/astara/" title="Astara">Astara</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/sabirabad/" title="Sabirabad">Sabirabad</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/hajigabul/" title="Hajigabul">Hajigabul</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/saatli/" title="Saatli">Saatli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/imishli/" title="İmishli">İmishli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/shirvan/" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/beylagan/" title="Beylagan">Beylagan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/yevlakh/" title="Yevlakh">Yevlakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/mingachevir/" title="Mingachevir">Mingachevir</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/ganja/" title="Ganja">Ganja</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/ganjabasar/" title="Ganjabasar">Ganjabasar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/shamkir/" title="Shamkir">Shamkir</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/goranboy/" title="Goranboy">Goranboy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gadabay/" title="Gadabay">Gadabay</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/tovuz/" title="Tovuz">Tovuz</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/aghstafa/" title="Aghstafa">Aghstafa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gazakh/" title="Gazakh">Gazakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/karabakh/" title="Karabakh">Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/khankandi/" title="Khankandi">Khankandi</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/barda/" title="Barda">Barda</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/tartar/" title="Tartar">Tartar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/kalbacar/" title="Kalbajar">Kalbajar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/khojavend/" title="Khojavend">Khojavend</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/aghdam/" title="Aghdam">Aghdam</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/aghjabadi/" title="Aghjabadi">Aghjabadi</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/khojali/" title="Khojali">Khojali</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/shusha/" title="Shusha">Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/jabrayil/" title="Jabrayil">Jabrayil</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/lachin/" title="Lachin">Lachin</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/fizuli/" title="Fizuli">Fizuli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/gubadli/" title="Gubadli">Gubadli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/zangilan/" title="Zangilan">Zangilan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/babek/" title="Babek">Babek</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/julfa/" title="Julfa">Julfa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/ordubad/" title="Ordubad">Ordubad</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/kangarli/" title="Kangarli">Kangarli</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/sharur/" title="Sharur">Sharur</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/shahbuz/" title="Shahbuz">Shahbuz</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://discoverazerbaijan.az/en/sadarak/" title="Sadarak">Sadarak</a></li> </ul></div> </aside> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div id="footer-area" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title">-</h3> <div class="textwidget"><font size="2px"><font color="gray">Produced by</font> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://ireli.az/" target="blank">"IRELI"</a><font color="gray"> Public Union</font> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://ireli.az/itc" target="blank">ITC</a></font> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442/http://www.netty.az/"><img border="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911025442im_/http://www.netty.az/img/netty2013but.gif" width="120" height="60"></a></div> </aside> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <nav id="access" 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