CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: pier</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pier"> <meta name="keywords" content="pier"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="pier" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pier"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 67</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pier</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Influence of Pier Modification Techniques for Reducing Scour around Bridge Piers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Farooq">Rashid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Razzaq%20Ghumman"> Abdul Razzaq Ghumman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashim%20Nisar%20Hashmi"> Hashim Nisar Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bridge piers often fail all over the world and the whole structure may be endangered due to scouring phenomena. Scouring has been linked to catastrophic failures that lead into the loss of human lives. Various techniques have been employed to extenuate the scouring process in order to assist the bridge designs. Pier modifications plays vital role to control scouring at the vicinity of the pier. This experimental study aims at monitoring the effectiveness of pier modification and temporal development of scour depth around a bridge pier by providing a collar, a cable or openings under the same flow conditions. Provision of a collar around the octagonal pier reduced more scour depth than that for other two configurations. Providing a collar around the octagonal pier found to be the best in reducing scour. The scour depth in front of pier was found to be 19.5% less than that at the octagonal pier without any modifications. Similarly, the scour depth around the octagonal pier having provision of a cable was less than that at pier with provision of openings. The scour depth around an octagonal pier was also compared with a plain circular pier and found to be 9.1% less. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scour" title="Scour">Scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octagonal%20pier" title=" octagonal pier"> octagonal pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collar" title=" collar"> collar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable" title=" cable"> cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56625/influence-of-pier-modification-techniques-for-reducing-scour-around-bridge-piers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Investigation of Riprap Stability on Roughness Bridge Pier in River Bend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alireza%20Masjedi">A. Alireza Masjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Amir%20Taeedi"> B. Amir Taeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, by placing the two cylindrical piers without roughness and with roughness with riprap around its, they proceeded to a series of tests. Experiments were done by three relative diameters of riprap with density 2.1 and one rate of discharge 27 lit/s under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth measured in terms of failure threshold then stability number calculated by using data obtained. The results of the research showed that the riprap stability in pier with roughness is more pier without roughness because of the pier with roughness is sharp-pointed and reduced horseshoe vortex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riprap%20stability" title="riprap stability">riprap stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bend" title=" river bend"> river bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=froude%20number" title=" froude number"> froude number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35336/investigation-of-riprap-stability-on-roughness-bridge-pier-in-river-bend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Effect of Riprap Stability on Roughness Bridge Pier in River Bend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Masjedi">Alireza Masjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Taeedi"> Amir Taeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, by placing the two cylindrical piers without roughness and with roughness with riprap around its, they proceeded to a series of tests. Experiments were done by three relative diameters of riprap with density 2.1 and one rate of discharge 27 lit/s under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth measured in terms of failure threshold then stability number calculated by using data obtained. The results of the research showed that the riprap stability in pier with roughness is more pier without roughness because of the pier with roughness is sharp-pointed and reduced horseshoe vortex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riprap%20stability" title="riprap stability">riprap stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bend" title=" river bend"> river bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=froude%20number" title=" froude number"> froude number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24772/effect-of-riprap-stability-on-roughness-bridge-pier-in-river-bend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Assessment of Pier Foundations for Onshore Wind Turbines in Non-cohesive Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Terceros">Mauricio Terceros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jann-Eike%20Saathoff"> Jann-Eike Saathoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Achmus"> Martin Achmus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In non-cohesive soil, onshore wind turbines are often found on shallow foundations with a circular or octagonal shape. For the current generation of wind turbines, shallow foundations with very large breadths are required. The foundation support costs thus represent a considerable portion of the total construction costs. Therefore, an economic optimization of the type of foundation is highly desirable. A conceivable alternative foundation type would be a pier foundation, which combines the load transfer over the foundation area at the pier base with the transfer of horizontal loads over the shaft surface of the pier. The present study aims to evaluate the load-bearing behavior of a pier foundation based on comprehensive parametric studies. Thereby, three-dimensional numerical simulations of both pier and shallow foundations are developed. The evaluation of the results focuses on the rotational stiffnesses of the proposed soil-foundation systems. In the design, the initial rotational stiffness is decisive for consideration of natural frequencies, whereas the rotational secant stiffness for a maximum load is decisive for serviceability considerations. A systematic analysis of the results at different load levels shows that the application of the typical pier foundation is presumably limited to relatively small onshore wind turbines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=onshore%20wind%20foundation" title="onshore wind foundation">onshore wind foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier%20foundation" title=" pier foundation"> pier foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20stiffness%20of%20soil-foundation%20system" title=" rotational stiffness of soil-foundation system"> rotational stiffness of soil-foundation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20foundation" title=" shallow foundation"> shallow foundation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101482/assessment-of-pier-foundations-for-onshore-wind-turbines-in-non-cohesive-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Turbulent Flow Characteristics and Bed Morphology around Circular Bridge Pier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Acharya">Pratik Acharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scour is the natural phenomenon brought about by erosive action of the flowing stream in alluvial channels. Frequent scouring around bridge piers may cause damage to the structures. In alluvial channels, a complex interaction between the streamflow and the bed particles results in scouring around piers. Thus, the study of characteristics of flow around piers can give sound knowledge about the scouring process. The present research has been done to investigate the turbulent flow characteristics around bridge piers and corresponding changes in bed morphology. Laboratory experiments were carried out in a tilting flume with a sand bed. The velocities around the pier are measured by Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. Measurements show that at upstream of the pier velocity and Reynolds stresses are negative near the bed and near the free surface at downstream of the pier. At the downstream of the pier, Reynolds stresses changes rapidly due to the formation of wake vortices. Experimental results show that secondary currents are more predominant at the downstream of the pier. As the flowing stream hits the pier, the flow gets separated in the form of downflow along the face of the pier due to a strong pressure gradient and along the sides of the piers. Separation of flow around the pier leads to scour the bed material and develop the vortex. The downflow hits the bed and removes the bed material, which can be carried forward by the flow circulations along sides of the piers. Eroded bed material is deposited along the centerline at the rear side of the pier and produces hump in the downstream region. Initially, the rate of scouring is high and reduces gradually with increasing time. After a certain limit, equilibrium sets between the erosive capacity of the flowing stream and resistance to the motion by bed particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20doppler%20velocimeter" title="acoustic doppler velocimeter">acoustic doppler velocimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier" title=" pier"> pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20stress" title=" Reynolds stress"> Reynolds stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20depth" title=" scour depth"> scour depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127886/turbulent-flow-characteristics-and-bed-morphology-around-circular-bridge-pier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Finite Element Analysis of the Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabin%20Raj%20Chaulagain">Nabin Raj Chaulagain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the concrete bridges in Nepal constructed during 90's and before are made up of low strength ordinary concrete which might be one of the reasons for damage in higher magnitude earthquake. Those bridges were designed by the outdated bridge codes which might not account the large seismic loads. This research investigates the seismic vulnerability of the existing single column ordinary concrete bridge pier by finite element modeling, using the software Seismostruct. The existing bridge pier capacity has been assessed using nonlinear pushover analysis and performance is compared after retrofitting those pier models with CFRP. Furthermore, the seismic evaluation was made by conducting cyclic loading test at different drift percentage. The performance analysis of bridge pier by nonlinear pushover analysis is further validated by energy dissipation phenomenon measured from the hysteric loop for each model of ordinary concrete piers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title="finite element modeling">finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20concrete%20bridge%20pier" title=" ordinary concrete bridge pier"> ordinary concrete bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20analysis" title=" performance analysis"> performance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrofitting" title=" retrofitting"> retrofitting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73406/finite-element-analysis-of-the-ordinary-reinforced-concrete-bridge-piers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Predicting Bridge Pier Scour Depth with SVM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Goel">Arun Goel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prediction of maximum local scour is necessary for the safety and economical design of the bridges. A number of equations have been developed over the years to predict local scour depth using laboratory data and a few pier equations have also been proposed using field data. Most of these equations are empirical in nature as indicated by the past publications. In this paper, attempts have been made to compute local depth of scour around bridge pier in dimensional and non-dimensional form by using linear regression, simple regression and SVM (Poly and Rbf) techniques along with few conventional empirical equations. The outcome of this study suggests that the SVM (Poly and Rbf) based modeling can be employed as an alternate to linear regression, simple regression and the conventional empirical equations in predicting scour depth of bridge piers. The results of present study on the basis of non-dimensional form of bridge pier scour indicates the improvement in the performance of SVM (Poly and Rbf) in comparison to dimensional form of scour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title="modeling">modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier%20scour" title=" pier scour"> pier scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM%20%28Poly%20and%20Rbf%20kernels%29" title=" SVM (Poly and Rbf kernels)"> SVM (Poly and Rbf kernels)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19599/predicting-bridge-pier-scour-depth-with-svm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Structural Performance of a Bridge Pier on Dubious Deep Foundation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V%C3%ADctor%20Cecilio">V铆ctor Cecilio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20G%C3%B3mez"> Roberto G贸mez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Alberto%20Escobar"> J. Alberto Escobar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9ctor%20Guerrero"> H茅ctor Guerrero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the structural behavior of a support/pier of an elevated viaduct in Mexico City is presented. Detection of foundation piles with uncertain integrity prompted the review of possible situations that could jeopardy the structural safety of the pier. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the structural conditions of the support, taking into account the type of anomaly reported and the depth at which it is located, the position of the pile with uncertain integrity in the foundation system, the stratigraphy of the surrounding soil and the geometry and structural characteristics of the pier. To carry out the above, dynamic analysis, spectral modal, and step-by-step, with elastic and inelastic material models, were performed. Results were evaluated in accordance with the standards used for the design of the original structural project and with the Construction Regulations for Mexico鈥檚 Federal District (RCDF-2017, 2017). Comments on the response of the analyzed models are issued, and the conclusions are presented from a structural point of view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title="dynamic analysis">dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20models" title=" inelastic models"> inelastic models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dubious%20foundation" title=" dubious foundation"> dubious foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title=" bridge pier"> bridge pier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116289/structural-performance-of-a-bridge-pier-on-dubious-deep-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Seismic Behavior of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Reinforced Concrete Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghabendra%20Yadav">Raghabendra Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baochun%20Chen"> Baochun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huihui%20Yuan"> Huihui Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhibin%20Lian"> Zhibin Lian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pseudo-dynamic test (PDT) method is an advanced seismic test method that combines loading technology with computer technology. Large-scale models or full scale seismic tests can be carried out by using this method. CFST-RC columns are used in civil engineering structures because of their better seismic performance. A CFST-RC column is composed of four CFST limbs which are connected with RC web in longitudinal direction and with steel tube in transverse direction. For this study, a CFST-RC pier is tested under Four different earthquake time histories having scaled PGA of 0.05g. From the experiment acceleration, velocity, displacement and load time histories are observed. The dynamic magnification factors for acceleration due to Elcentro, Chi-Chi, Imperial Valley and Kobe ground motions are observed as 15, 12, 17 and 14 respectively. The natural frequency of the pier is found to be 1.40 Hz. The result shows that this type of pier has excellent static and earthquake resistant properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title="bridge pier">bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFST-RC%20pier" title=" CFST-RC pier"> CFST-RC pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo%20dynamic%20test" title=" pseudo dynamic test"> pseudo dynamic test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history" title=" time history"> time history</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81610/seismic-behavior-of-concrete-filled-steel-tube-reinforced-concrete-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> A Fundamental Study for Real-Time Safety Evaluation System of Landing Pier Using FBG Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heungsu%20Lee">Heungsu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngseok%20Kim"> Youngseok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonghwa%20Yi"> Jonghwa Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Park"> Chul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A landing pier is subjected to safety assessment by visual inspection and design data, but it is difficult to check the damage in real-time. In this study, real - time damage detection and safety evaluation methods were studied. As a result of structural analysis of the arbitrary landing pier structure, the inflection point of deformation and moment occurred at 10%, 50%, and 90% of pile length. The critical value of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor was set according to the safety factor, and the FBG sensor application method for real - time safety evaluation was derived. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FBG%20sensor" title="FBG sensor">FBG sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harbor%20structure" title=" harbor structure"> harbor structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20evaluation%20system" title=" safety evaluation system"> safety evaluation system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84883/a-fundamental-study-for-real-time-safety-evaluation-system-of-landing-pier-using-fbg-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Experimental Study of Local Scour Depth around Cylindrical Bridge Pier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20T.%20Shukri">Mohammed T. Shukri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The failure of bridges due to excessive local scour during floods poses a challenging problem to hydraulic engineers. The failure of bridges piers is due to many reasons such as localized scour combined with general riverbed degradation. In this paper, we try to estimate the temporal variation of scour depth at nonuniform cylindrical bridge pier, by experimental work conducted in hydraulic laboratories of Gaziantep University Civil Engineering Department on a flume having dimensions of 8.3 m length, 0.8 m width and 0.9 m depth. The experiments will be carried on 20 cm depth of sediment layer having d<sub>50</sub>=0.4 mm. Three bridge pier shapes having different scaled models will be constructed in a 1.5m of test section in the channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title="scour">scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20scour" title=" local scour"> local scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20piers" title=" bridge piers"> bridge piers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20depth" title=" scour depth"> scour depth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63562/experimental-study-of-local-scour-depth-around-cylindrical-bridge-pier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Three-Dimensional CFD Modeling of Flow Field and Scouring around Bridge Piers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Deepak%20Kumar">P. Deepak Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20R.%20Maiti"> P. R. Maiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, sediment scour near bridge piers and abutment is a serious problem which causes nationwide concern because it has resulted in more bridge failures than other causes. Scour is the formation of scour hole around the structure mounted on and embedded in erodible channel bed due to the erosion of soil by flowing water. The formation of scour hole around the structures depends upon shape and size of the pier, depth of flow as well as angle of attack of flow and sediment characteristics. The flow characteristics around these structures change due to man-made obstruction in the natural flow path which changes the kinetic energy of the flow around these structures. Excessive scour affects the stability of the foundation of the structure by the removal of the bed material. The accurate estimation of scour depth around bridge pier is very difficult. The foundation of bridge piers have to be taken deeper and to provide sufficient anchorage length required for stability of the foundation. In this study, computational model simulations using a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model were conducted to examine the mechanism of scour around a cylindrical pier. Subsequently, the flow characteristics around these structures are presented for different flow conditions. Mechanism of scouring phenomenon, the formation of vortex and its consequent effect is discussed for a straight channel. Effort was made towards estimation of scour depth around bridge piers under different flow conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title="bridge pier">bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multigrid" title=" multigrid"> multigrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier%20shape" title=" pier shape"> pier shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title=" scour"> scour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47338/three-dimensional-cfd-modeling-of-flow-field-and-scouring-around-bridge-piers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> The Structural System Concept of Reinforced Concrete Pier Accompanied with Friction Device plus Gap in Numerical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angga%20S.%20Fajar">Angga S. Fajar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Takahashi"> Y. Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kiyono"> J. Kiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sawada"> S. Sawada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of medium span bridge bearing support in the extreme temperatures fluctuation region is deterioration in case the suppression of superstructure that sustains temperature expansion. The other hand, the behavior and the parameter of RC column accompanied with friction damping mechanism were determined successfully based on the experiment and numerical analysis. This study proposes the structural system of RC pier accompanied with multi sliding friction damping mechanism to substitute the conventional system of pier together with bearing support. In this system, the pier has monolith behavior to the superstructure with flexible small deformation to accommodate thermal expansion of the superstructure. The flexible small deformation behavior is realized by adding the gap mechanism in the multi sliding friction devices form. The important performances of this system are sufficient lateral flexibility in small deformation, sufficient elastic deformation capacity, sufficient lateral force resistance, and sufficient energy dissipation. Numerical analysis performed for this system with fiber element model. It shows that the structural system has good performance not only under small deformation due to thermal expansion of the superstructure but also under seismic load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20Pier" title="RC Pier">RC Pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20expansion" title=" thermal expansion"> thermal expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20sliding%20friction%20device" title=" multi sliding friction device"> multi sliding friction device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20small%20deformation" title=" flexible small deformation"> flexible small deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58179/the-structural-system-concept-of-reinforced-concrete-pier-accompanied-with-friction-device-plus-gap-in-numerical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Comparison of Selected Pier-Scour Equations for Wide Piers Using Field Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordila%20Ahmad">Nordila Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamer%20Mohammad"> Thamer Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20W.%20Melville"> Bruce W. Melville</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuliziana%20Suif"> Zuliziana Suif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current methods for predicting local scour at wide bridge piers, were developed on the basis of laboratory studies and very limited scour prediction were tested with field data. Laboratory wide pier scour equation from previous findings with field data were presented. A wide range of field data were used and it consists of both live-bed and clear-water scour. A method for assessing the quality of the data was developed and applied to the data set. Three other wide pier-scour equations from the literature were used to compare the performance of each predictive method. The best-performing scour equation were analyzed using statistical analysis. Comparisons of computed and observed scour depths indicate that the equation from the previous publication produced the smallest discrepancy ratio and RMSE value when compared with the large amount of laboratory and field data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20data" title="field data">field data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20scour" title=" local scour"> local scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20equation" title=" scour equation"> scour equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide%20piers" title=" wide piers"> wide piers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67466/comparison-of-selected-pier-scour-equations-for-wide-piers-using-field-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Studying the Effect of Froude Number and Densimetric Froude Number on Local Scours around Circular Bridge Piers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Abdullah%20Al%20Faruque">Md Abdullah Al Faruque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A very large percentage of bridge failures are attributed to scouring around bridge piers and this directly influences public safety. Experiments are carried out in a 12-m long rectangular open channel flume made of transparent tempered glass. A 300 mm thick bed made up of sand particles is leveled horizontally to create the test bed and a 50 mm hollow plastic cylinder is used as a model bridge pier. Tests are carried out with varying flow depths and velocities. Data points of various scour parameters such as scour depth, width, and length are collected based on different flow conditions and visual observations of changes in the stream bed downstream the bridge pier are also made as the scour progresses. Result shows that all three major flow characteristics (flow depth, Froude number and densimetric Froude number) have one way or other affect the scour profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier%20scour" title="bridge pier scour">bridge pier scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densimetric%20Froude%20number" title=" densimetric Froude number"> densimetric Froude number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20depth" title=" flow depth"> flow depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Froude%20number" title=" Froude number"> Froude number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93838/studying-the-effect-of-froude-number-and-densimetric-froude-number-on-local-scours-around-circular-bridge-piers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Seismic Behavior of Pile-Supported Bridges Considering Soil-Structure Interaction and Structural Non-Linearity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tariq%20A.%20Chaudhary">Muhammad Tariq A. Chaudhary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil-structure interaction (SSI) in bridges under seismic excitation is a complex phenomenon which involves coupling between the non-linear behavior of bridge pier columns and SSI in the soil-foundation part. It is a common practice in the study of SSI to model the bridge piers as linear elastic while treating the soil and foundation with a non-linear or an equivalent linear modeling approach. Consequently, the contribution of soil and foundation to the SSI phenomenon is disproportionately highlighted. The present study considered non-linear behavior of bridge piers in FEM model of a 4-span, pile-supported bridge that was designed for five different soil conditions in a moderate seismic zone. The FEM model of the bridge system was subjected to a suite of 21 actual ground motions representative of three levels of earthquake hazard (i.e. Design Basis Earthquake, Functional Evaluation Earthquake and Maximum Considered Earthquake). Results of the FEM analysis were used to delineate the influence of pier column non-linearity and SSI on critical design parameters of the bridge system. It was found that pier column non-linearity influenced the bridge lateral displacement and base shear more than SSI for majority of the analysis cases for the class of bridge investigated in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20model" title=" FEM model"> FEM model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20pier" title=" reinforced concrete pier"> reinforced concrete pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20foundation" title=" pile foundation"> pile foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20loading" title=" seismic loading"> seismic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20interaction" title=" soil-structure interaction"> soil-structure interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77619/seismic-behavior-of-pile-supported-bridges-considering-soil-structure-interaction-and-structural-non-linearity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> 2D-Numerical Modelling of Local Scour around a Circular Pier in Steady Current </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Rajab%20Peer%20Mohamed">Mohamed Rajab Peer Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiruvenkatasamy%20Kannabiran"> Thiruvenkatasamy Kannabiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present investigation, the scour around a circular pier subjected to a steady current were studied numerically using two-dimensional MIKE21 Flow Model (FM) and Sand Transport (ST)Modulewhich is developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI), Denmark. The unstructured flexible mesh generated with rectangular flume dimension of 10 m wide, 1 m deep, and 30 m long. The grain size of the sand was d50 = 0.16 mm, sediment size, sediment gradation=1.16, pier diameter D= 30 mm and depth-averaged current velocity, U = 0.449 m/s are considered in the model. The estimated scour depth obtained from this model is validated and it is observed that the results of the model have good agreement with flume experimental results.In order to estimate the scour depth, several simulations were made for three cases viz., Case I:change in sediment transport model description in the numerical model viz, i) Engelund-Hansen model, ii) Engelund-Freds酶e model, and iii) Van Rijn model, Case II: change in current velocity for keeping constant pile diameter D=0.03 m and Case III:change in pier diameter for constant depth averaged current speed U=0.449 m/s.In case I simulations, the results indicate that the scour depth S/D is the order of 1.73 for Engelund-Hansen model, 0.64 for Engelund-Freds酶e model and 0.46 for VanRijn model. The scour depth estimates using Engelund-Hansen method compares well the experimental results.In case II, simulations show that the scour depth increases with increasing current component of the flow.In case III simulations, the results indicate that the scour depth increases with increase in pier diameter and it stabilize attains steady value when the Froude number> 2.71.All the results of the numerical simulations are clearly matches with reported values of the experimental results. Hence, this MIKE21 FM 鈥揝and Transport model can be used as a suitable tool to estimate the scour depth for field applications. Moreover, to provide suitable scour protection methods, the maximum scour depth is to be predicted, Engelund-Hansen method can be adopted to estimate the scour depth in the steady current region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20pier" title="circular pier">circular pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIKE21" title=" MIKE21"> MIKE21</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20model" title=" numerical model"> numerical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title=" scour"> scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20transport" title=" sediment transport "> sediment transport </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75924/2d-numerical-modelling-of-local-scour-around-a-circular-pier-in-steady-current" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Seismic Behaviour of CFST-RC Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghabendra%20Yadav">Raghabendra Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baochun%20Chen"> Baochun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huihui%20Yuan"> Huihui Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhibin%20Lian"> Zhibin Lian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns are widely used in Civil Engineering Structures due to their abundant properties. CFST-RC column is a built up column in which CFST members are connected with RC web. The CFST-RC column has excellent static and earthquake resistant properties, such as high strength, high ductility and large energy absorption capacity. CFST-RC columns have been adopted as piers in Ganhaizi Bridge in high seismic risk zone with a highest pier of 107m. The experimental investigation on scaled models of similar type of the CFST-RC pier are carried out. The experimental investigation on scaled models of similar type of the CFST-RC pier are carried out. Under cyclic loading, the hysteretic performance of CFST-RC columns, such as failure modes, ductility, load displacement hysteretic curves, energy absorption capacity, strength and stiffness degradation are studied in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFST" title="CFST">CFST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20load" title=" cyclic load"> cyclic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganhaizi%20bridge" title=" Ganhaizi bridge"> Ganhaizi bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67884/seismic-behaviour-of-cfst-rc-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Optimal Design of RC Pier Accompanied with Multi Sliding Friction Damping Mechanism Using Combination of SNOPT and ANN Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angga%20S.%20Fajar">Angga S. Fajar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Takahashi"> Y. Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kiyono"> J. Kiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sawada"> S. Sawada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural system concept of RC pier accompanied with multi sliding friction damping mechanism was developed based on numerical analysis approach. However in the implementation, to make design for such kind of this structural system consumes a lot of effort in case high of complexity. During making design, the special behaviors of this structural system should be considered including flexible small deformation, sufficient elastic deformation capacity, sufficient lateral force resistance, and sufficient energy dissipation. The confinement distribution of friction devices has significant influence to its. Optimization and prediction with multi function regression of this structural system expected capable of providing easier and simpler design method. The confinement distribution of friction devices is optimized with SNOPT in Opensees, while some design variables of the structure are predicted using multi function regression of ANN. Based on the optimization and prediction this structural system is able to be designed easily and simply. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20Pier" title="RC Pier">RC Pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20sliding%20friction%20device" title=" multi sliding friction device"> multi sliding friction device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20design" title=" optimal design"> optimal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20small%20deformation" title=" flexible small deformation"> flexible small deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58178/optimal-design-of-rc-pier-accompanied-with-multi-sliding-friction-damping-mechanism-using-combination-of-snopt-and-ann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Development a Forecasting System and Reliable Sensors for River Bed Degradation and Bridge Pier Scouring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fong-Zuo%20Lee">Fong-Zuo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihn-Sung%20Lai"> Jihn-Sung Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Bin%20Lin"> Yung-Bin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqin%20Liu"> Xiaoqin Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Chun%20Chang"> Kuo-Chun Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi-Xian%20Yang"> Zhi-Xian Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Dar%20Guo"> Wen-Dar Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Hao%20Hong"> Jian-Hao Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, climate change is a major factor to increase rainfall intensity and extreme rainfall frequency. The increased rainfall intensity and extreme rainfall frequency will increase the probability of flash flood with abundant sediment transport in a river basin. The floods caused by heavy rainfall may cause damages to the bridge, embankment, hydraulic works, and the other disasters. Therefore, the foundation scouring of bridge pier, embankment and spur dike caused by floods has been a severe problem in the worldwide. This severe problem has happened in many East Asian countries such as Taiwan and Japan because of these areas are suffered in typhoons, earthquakes, and flood events every year. Results from the complex interaction between fluid flow patterns caused by hydraulic works and the sediment transportation leading to the formation of river morphology, it is extremely difficult to develop a reliable and durable sensor to measure river bed degradation and bridge pier scouring. Therefore, an innovative scour monitoring sensor using vibration-based Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) was developed. This vibration-based MEMS sensor was packaged inside a stainless sphere with the proper protection of the full-filled resin, which can measure free vibration signals to detect scouring/deposition processes at the bridge pier. In addition, a friendly operational system includes rainfall runoff model, one-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical model, and the applicability of sediment transport equation and local scour formulas of bridge pier are included in this research. The friendly operational system carries out the simulation results of flood events that includes the elevation changes of river bed erosion near the specified bridge pier and the erosion depth around bridge piers. In addition, the system is developed with easy operation and integrated interface, the system can supplies users to calibrate and verify numerical model and display simulation results through the interface comparing to the scour monitoring sensors. To achieve the forecast of the erosion depth of river bed and main bridge pier in the study area, the system also connects the rainfall forecast data from Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute. The results can be provided available information for the management unit of river and bridge engineering in advance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20flood" title="flash flood">flash flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bed%20degradation" title=" river bed degradation"> river bed degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier%20scouring" title=" bridge pier scouring"> bridge pier scouring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20friendly%20operational%20system" title=" a friendly operational system"> a friendly operational system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85915/development-a-forecasting-system-and-reliable-sensors-for-river-bed-degradation-and-bridge-pier-scouring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Scour Depth Prediction around Bridge Piers Using Neuro-Fuzzy and Neural Network Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bonakdari">H. Bonakdari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Ebtehaj"> I. Ebtehaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of scour depth around bridge piers is frequently considered in river engineering. One of the key aspects in efficient and optimum bridge structure design is considered to be scour depth estimation around bridge piers. In this study, scour depth around bridge piers is estimated using two methods, namely the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Therefore, the effective parameters in scour depth prediction are determined using the ANN and ANFIS methods via dimensional analysis, and subsequently, the parameters are predicted. In the current study, the methods’ performances are compared with the nonlinear regression (NLR) method. The results show that both methods presented in this study outperform existing methods. Moreover, using the ratio of pier length to flow depth, ratio of median diameter of particles to flow depth, ratio of pier width to flow depth, the Froude number and standard deviation of bed grain size parameters leads to optimal performance in scour depth estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neuro-fuzzy%20inference%20system%20%28ANFIS%29" title="adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)">adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network%20%28ANN%29" title=" artificial neural network (ANN)"> artificial neural network (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title=" bridge pier"> bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20depth" title=" scour depth"> scour depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20regression%20%28NLR%29" title=" nonlinear regression (NLR)"> nonlinear regression (NLR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73889/scour-depth-prediction-around-bridge-piers-using-neuro-fuzzy-and-neural-network-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Analysis of a Damage-Control Target Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier for Seismic Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ritzman%20Abdul%20Karim">Mohd Ritzman Abdul Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaohui%20Huang"> Zhaohui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A current focus in seismic engineering practice is the development of seismic design approach that focuses on the performance-based design. Performance-based design aims to design the structures to achieve specified performance based on the damage limit states. This damage limit is more restrictive limit than life safety and needs to be carefully estimated to avoid damage in piers due to failure in transverse reinforcement. In this paper, a different perspective of damage limit states has been explored by integrating two damage control material limit state, concrete and reinforcement by introduced parameters such as expected yield stress of transverse reinforcement where peak tension strain prior to bar buckling is introduced in a recent study. The different perspective of damage limit states with modified yield displacement and the modified plastic-hinge length is used in order to predict damage-control target displacement for reinforced concreate (RC) bridge pier. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model has been developed for estimating damage target displacement to validate proposed damage limit states. The result from 3D FE analysis was validated with experimental study found in the literature. The validated model then was applied to predict the damage target displacement for RC bridge pier and to validate the proposed study. The tensile strain on reinforcement and compression on concrete were used to determine the predicted damage target displacement and compared with the proposed study. The result shows that the proposed damage limit states were efficient in predicting damage-control target displacement consistent with FE simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage-control%20target%20displacement" title="damage-control target displacement">damage-control target displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20limit%20states" title=" damage limit states"> damage limit states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20bridge%20pier" title=" reinforced concrete bridge pier"> reinforced concrete bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20displacement" title=" yield displacement"> yield displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99016/analysis-of-a-damage-control-target-displacement-of-reinforced-concrete-bridge-pier-for-seismic-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Assessment of Bridge Performance with Laminated versus Spring Seismic Isolation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Ramli">M. Z. Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Adnan"> A. Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chee%20Wei%20Tan"> Chee Wei Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To gain a better understanding of earthquake forces on reinforced concrete bridge piers with different bearing condition, a series of experiments was conducted on a realistic, 1:4 scale reinforced concrete bridge pier. The normal practices of laminated seismic isolation bearing is compared with the new design spring seismic isolation bearing where invented by Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research (e-SEER), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The nonlinear behavior of piers is modeled using the fibre beam theory to verify the experimental works. The hysteresis of bridge pier with different bearing condition was illustrated under different Peak Ground Acceleration (PGAs). The average slope of the hysteresis respectively to the global stiffness was also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20seismic%20isolation" title=" laminated seismic isolation"> laminated seismic isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spring%20seismic%20isolation" title=" spring seismic isolation"> spring seismic isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peak%20Ground%20Acceleration" title=" Peak Ground Acceleration"> Peak Ground Acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15807/assessment-of-bridge-performance-with-laminated-versus-spring-seismic-isolation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Experimental Study of Local Scour Downstream of Cylindrical Bridge Piers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Traeq%20Shukri">Mohammed Traeq Shukri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scour is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive action of flowing stream on alluvial beds, which removes the sediment around or near structures located in flowing water. It means the lowering of the riverbed level by water erosions such that there is a tendency to expose the foundations of a structure. It is the result of the erosive action of flowing water, excavating and carrying away material from the bed and banks of streams and from around the piers of bridges. The failure of bridges due to excessive local scour during floods poses a challenging problem to hydraulic engineers. The failure of bridges piers is due to many reasons such as localized scour combined with general riverbed degradation. In this paper, we try to estimate the temporal variation of scour depth at non-uniform cylindrical bridge pier, by experimental work in civil engineering hydraulic laboratories of Gaziantep University on a channel have dimensions of 8.3m length, 0.8m width and 0.9m depth. The experiments will be carried on 20 cm depth of sediment layer having d50=0.4 mm. Three bridge pier shapes having different scaled models will be constructed in a 1.5m of test section in the channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title="scour">scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20scour" title=" local scour"> local scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20piers" title=" bridge piers"> bridge piers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20depth" title=" scour depth"> scour depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex" title=" vortex"> vortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horseshoe%20vortex" title=" horseshoe vortex"> horseshoe vortex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47121/experimental-study-of-local-scour-downstream-of-cylindrical-bridge-piers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Comparison of High Speed Railway Bride Foundation Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Yousif%20Aziz">Hussein Yousif Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discussed the design and analysis of bridge foundation subjected to load of train with three codes, namely AASHTO code, British Standard BS Code 8004 (1986), and Chinese code (TB10002.5-2005).The study focused on the design and analysis of bridge鈥檚 foundation manually with the three codes and found which code is better for design and controls the problem of high settlement due to the applied loads. The results showed the Chinese codes are costly that the number of reinforcement bars in the pile cap and piles is more than those with AASHTO code and BS code with the same dimensions. Settlement of the bridge was calculated depending on the data collected from the project site. The vertical ultimate bearing capacity of single pile for three codes is also discussed. Other analyses by using the two-dimensional Plaxis program and other programs like SAP2000 14, PROKON many parameters are calculated. The maximum values of the vertical displacement are close to the calculated ones. The results indicate that the AASHTO code is economics and safer in the bearing capacity of single pile. The purpose of this project is to study out the pier on the basis of the design of the pile foundation. There is a 32m simply supported beam of box section on top of the structure. The pier of bridge is round-type. The main component of the design is to calculate pile foundation and the settlement. According to the related data, we choose 1.0m in diameter bored pile of 48m. The pile is laid out in the rectangular pile cap. The dimension of the cap is 12m 9 m. Because of the interaction factors of pile groups, the load-bearing capacity of simple pile must be checked, the punching resistance of pile cap, the shearing strength of pile cap, and the part in bending of pile cap, all of them are very important to the structure stability. Also, checking soft sub-bearing capacity is necessary under the pile foundation. This project provides a deeper analysis and comparison about pile foundation design schemes. Firstly, here are brief instructions of the construction situation about the Bridge. With the actual construction geological features and the upper load on the Bridge, this paper analyzes the bearing capacity and settlement of single pile. In the paper the Equivalent Pier Method is used to calculate and analyze settlements of the piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20foundation" title="pile foundation">pile foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title=" bearing capacity"> bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20engineering" title=" civil engineering"> civil engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15317/comparison-of-high-speed-railway-bride-foundation-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> A Study on the Safety Evaluation of Pier According to the Water Level Change by the Monte-Carlo Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Kwon">Minho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonghee%20Lim"> Jeonghee Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeongseok%20Jeong"> Yeongseok Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donghoon%20Shin"> Donghoon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoung%20Kim"> Kiyoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, global warming phenomenon has led to natural disasters caused by global environmental changes, and due to abnormal weather events, the frequency and intensity of heavy rain storm typhoons are increasing. Therefore, it is imperative to prepare for future heavy rain storms and typhoons. This study selects arbitrary target bridges and performs numerical analysis to evaluate the safety of bridge piers in the event that the water level changes. The numerical model is based on two-dimensional surface elements. Actual reinforced concrete was simulated by modeling concrete to include reinforcements, and a contact boundary model was applied between the ground and the concrete. The water level applied to the piers was considered at 18 levels between 7.5 m and 16.1 m. The elastic modulus, compressive strength, tensile strength, and yield strength of the reinforced concrete were calculated using 250 random combinations and numerical analysis was carried out for each water level. In the results of analysis, the bridge exceeded the stated limit at 15.0 m. At the maximum water level of 16.1m, the concrete鈥檚 failure rate was 35.2%, but the probability that the reinforcement would fail was 61.2%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte-Carlo%20method" title="Monte-Carlo method">Monte-Carlo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier" title=" pier"> pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20level%20change" title=" water level change"> water level change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20state" title=" limit state"> limit state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88922/a-study-on-the-safety-evaluation-of-pier-according-to-the-water-level-change-by-the-monte-carlo-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Effect of Site Amplification on Seismic Safety Evaluation of Flyover Pier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Raihan%20Mukhlis">Mohammad Raihan Mukhlis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdur%20Rahman%20Bhuiyan"> M. Abdur Rahman Bhuiyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh is a developing country in which a lot of multi-span simply/continuous supported flyovers are being constructed in its major cities. Being situated in a seismically active region, seismic safety evaluation of flyovers is essential for seismic risk reduction. Effects of site amplification on seismic safety evaluation of flyover piers are the main concern of this study. In this regard, failure mode, lateral strength and displacement ductility of piers of a typical multi-span simply supported flyover have been evaluated by Japan Road Association (JRA) recommended guidelines, with and without considering site amplification. Ultimate flexural strengths of piers have been computed using the pushover analysis results. Shear capacity of piers has been calculated using the guidelines of JRA. Lateral strengths have been determined depending on the failure modes of the piers. Displacement ductility of piers has been computed using yield and ultimate displacements of the piers obtained from the pushover analysis results. Selected earthquake time history is used in seismic safety evaluation of the flyover piers. Finally, the ductility design method is used to conduct the seismic safety evaluation of the piers with and without considering site amplification. From the numerical results, it has been revealed that the effects of site amplification on seismic safety evaluation of bridge structures should be carefully taken into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20ductility" title="displacement ductility">displacement ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flyover%20pier" title=" flyover pier"> flyover pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20strength" title=" lateral strength"> lateral strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20evaluation" title=" safety evaluation"> safety evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20amplification" title=" site amplification"> site amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98971/effect-of-site-amplification-on-seismic-safety-evaluation-of-flyover-pier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Technical Non-Destructive Evaluation of Burnt Bridge at CH. 57+450 Along Abuja-Abaji-Lokoja Road, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20O.%20Olaniyi">Abraham O. Olaniyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluyemi%20Oke"> Oluyemi Oke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atilade%20Otunla"> Atilade Otunla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural performance of bridges decreases progressively throughout their service life due to many contributing factors (fatigue, carbonation, fire incidents etc.). Around the world, numerous bridges have attained their estimated service life and many have approached this limit. The structural integrity assessment of the burnt composite bridge located at CH57+450, Koita village along Abuja-Abaji-Lokoja road, Nigeria, is presented as a case study and shall be forthwith referred to as the 'Koita bridge' in this paper. From the technical evaluation, the residual compressive strength of the concrete piers was found to be below 16.0 N/mm2. This value is very low compared to the expected design value of 30.0 N/mm2. The pier capping beam at pier location 1 has a very low residual compressive strength. The cover to the reinforcement of certain capping beams has an outline of reinforcement which signifies poor concrete cover and the mean compressive strength is also less than 20.0 N/mm2. The steel girder indicated black colouration as a result of the fire incident without any significant structural defect like buckling or warping of the steel section. This paper reviews the structural integrity assessment and repair methodology of the Koita bridge; a composite bridge damaged by fire, highlighting the various challenges of limited obtainable guidance documents about the bridge. The objectives are to increase the understanding of processes and versatile equipment required to test and assess a fire-damaged bridge in order to improve the quality of structural appraisal and rehabilitation; thus, eliminating the prejudice associated with current visual inspection techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title=" bridge"> bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability "> sustainability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33381/technical-non-destructive-evaluation-of-burnt-bridge-at-ch-57450-along-abuja-abaji-lokoja-road-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> A Comprehensive Approach to Scour Depth Estimation Through HEC-RAS 2D and Physical Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashvinie%20Thembiliyagoda">Ashvinie Thembiliyagoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasun%20De%20Silva"> Kasun De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nimal%20Wijayaratna"> Nimal Wijayaratna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lowering of the riverbed level as a result of water erosion is termed as scouring. This phenomenon remarkably undermines the potential stability of the bridge pier, causing a threat of failure or collapse. The formation of vortices in the vicinity of bridges due to the obstruction caused by river flow is the main reason behind this pursuit. Scouring is aggravated by factors including high flow rates, bridge pier geometry, sediment configuration etc. Tackling scour-related problems when they become severe is more costly and disruptive compared to implementing preventive measures based on predicted scour depths. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the development of a numerical model that could reproduce the scouring effect around bridge piers and estimate the scour depth. The numerical model was developed for one selected bridge in Sri Lanka, the Kelanisiri Bridge. HEC-RAS two-dimensional (2D) modeling approach was utilized for the development of the model and was calibrated and validated with field data. To further enhance the reliability of the model, a physical model was developed, allowing for additional validation. Results from the numerical model were compared with those obtained from the physical model, revealing a strong correlation between the two methods and confirming the numerical model's accuracy in predicting scour depths. The findings from this study underscore the ability of the HEC-RAS two-dimensional modeling approach for the estimation of scour depth around bridge piers. The developed model is able to estimate the scour depth under varying flow conditions, and its flexibility allows it to be adapted for application to other bridges with similar hydraulic and geomorphological conditions, providing a robust tool for widespread use in scour estimation. The developed two-dimensional model not only offers reliable predictions for the case study bridge but also holds significant potential for broader implementation, contributing to the improved design and maintenance of bridge structures in diverse environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piers" title="piers">piers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scouring" title=" scouring"> scouring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEC-RAS" title=" HEC-RAS"> HEC-RAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20model" title=" physical model"> physical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193088/a-comprehensive-approach-to-scour-depth-estimation-through-hec-ras-2d-and-physical-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Damages of Highway Bridges in Thailand during the 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajwanlop%20Kumpoopong">Rajwanlop Kumpoopong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukit%20Yindeesuk"> Sukit Yindeesuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pornchai%20Silarom"> Pornchai Silarom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On May 5, 2014, an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 Richter hit the Northern part of Thailand. The epicenter was in Phan District, Chiang Rai Province. This earthquake or the so-called 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake is the strongest ground shaking that Thailand has ever been experienced in her modern history. The 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake confirms the geological evidence, which has previously been ignored by most engineers, that earthquakes of considerable magnitudes 6 to 7 Richter can occurr within the country. This promptly stimulates authorized agencies to pay more attention at the safety of their assets and promotes the comprehensive review of seismic resistance design of their building structures. The focus of this paper is to summarize the damages of highway bridges as a result of the 2014-Chiang Rai ground shaking, the remedy actions, and the research needs. The 2014-Chiang Rai Earthquake caused considerable damages to nearby structures such as houses, schools, and temples. The ground shaking, however, caused damage to only one highway bridge, Mae Laos Bridge, located several kilometers away from the epicenter. The damage of Mae Laos Bridge was in the form of concrete spalling caused by pounding of cap beam on the deck structure. The damage occurred only at the end or abutment span. The damage caused by pounding is not a surprise, but the pounding by only one bridge requires further investigation and discussion. Mae Laos Bridge is a river crossing bridge with relatively large approach structure. In as much, the approach structure is confined by strong retaining walls. This results in a rigid-like approach structure which vibrates at the acceleration approximately equal to the ground acceleration during the earthquake and exerts a huge force to the abutment causing the pounding of cap beam on the deck structure. Other bridges nearby have relatively small approach structures, and therefore have no capability to generate pounding. The effect of mass of the approach structure on pounding of cap beam on the deck structure is also evident by the damage of one pedestrian bridge in front of Thanthong Wittaya School located 50 meters from Mae Laos Bridge. The width of the approach stair of this bridge is wider than the typical one to accommodate the stream of students during pre- and post-school times. This results in a relatively large mass of the approach stair which in turn exerts a huge force to the pier causing pounding of cap beam on the deck structure during ground shaking. No sign of pounding was observed for a typical pedestrian bridge located at another end of Mae Laos Bridge. Although pounding of cap beam on the deck structure of the above mentioned bridges does not cause serious damage to bridge structure, this incident promotes the comprehensive review of seismic resistance design of highway bridges in Thailand. Given a proper mass and confinement of the approach structure, the pounding of cap beam on the deck structure can be easily excited even at the low to moderate ground shaking. In as much, if the ground shaking becomes stronger, the pounding is certainly more powerful. This may cause the deck structure to be unseated and fall off in the case of unrestrained bridge. For the bridge with restrainer between cap beam and the deck structure, the restrainer may prevent the deck structure from falling off. However, preventing free movement of the pier by the restrainer may damage the pier itself. Most highway bridges in Thailand have dowel bars embedded connecting cap beam and the deck structure. The purpose of the existence of dowel bars is, however, not intended for any seismic resistance. Their ability to prevent the deck structure from unseating and their effect on the potential damage of the pier should be evaluated. In response to this expected situation, Thailand Department of Highways (DOH) has set up a team to revise the standard practices for the seismic resistance design of highway bridges in Thailand. In addition, DOH has also funded the research project 'Seismic Resistance Evaluation of Pre- and Post-Design Modifications of DOH鈥檚 Bridges' with the scope of full-scale tests of single span bridges under reversed cyclic static loadings for both longitudinal and transverse directions and computer simulations to evaluate the seismic performance of the existing bridges and the design modification bridges. The research is expected to start in October, 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway%20bridge" title=" highway bridge"> highway bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pounding" title=" pounding"> pounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20resistance" title=" seismic resistance "> seismic resistance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16730/damages-of-highway-bridges-in-thailand-during-the-2014-chiang-rai-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pier&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>