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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Hindustani" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Hindustani" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Betydninger_av_ordet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Betydninger_av_ordet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Betydninger av ordet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Betydninger_av_ordet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Betydninger av ordet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Betydninger_av_ordet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urdu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urdu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Urdu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urdu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Hindi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basarhindustani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basarhindustani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Basarhindustani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basarhindustani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Søsterspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Søsterspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Søsterspråk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Søsterspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offisiell_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offisiell_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Offisiell status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offisiell_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindustani_utenfor_Sør-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindustani_utenfor_Sør-Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hindustani utenfor Sør-Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindustani_utenfor_Sør-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hindustani</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 109 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C3%AD-%C3%BArd%C3%BA" title="Hindí-úrdú – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hindí-úrdú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestani" title="Hindoestani – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hindoestani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الهندستانية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الهندستانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hindostan%C3%AD" title="Idioma hindostaní – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma hindostaní" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indost%C3%A1nicu" title="Indostánicu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Indostánicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-urdu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Hindi-urdu ñe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hindi-urdu ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistani_dili" title="Hindistani dili – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistani dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هیندوستانی دیلی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندوستانی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Hindustani" title="Basa Hindustani – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিন্দুস্তানি ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিন্দুস্তানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Һиндостани – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостани" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Хіндустані – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хіндустані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-urdu" title="Hindi-urdu – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hindi-urdu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustaneg" title="Hindoustaneg – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hindoustaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A0nic" title="Hindustànic – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hindustànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Hindustánština – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hindustánština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindwstaneg" title="Hindwstaneg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hindwstaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_keel" title="Hindustani keel – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hindustani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ινδουστανική γλώσσα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδουστανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hindustani language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_indost%C3%A1nico" title="Idioma indostánico – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma indostánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustana_lingvo" title="Hindustana lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindustana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanera" title="Hindustanera – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hindustanera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان هندوستانی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان هندوستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_bhasa" title="Hindustani bhasa – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hindustani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustani" title="Hindoustani – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hindoustani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hindustana" title="Lingua hindustana – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hindustana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%96%B4" title="힌두스탄어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힌두스탄어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyanci" title="Indiyanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiyanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB-%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Հինդի-ուրդու – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հինդի-ուրդու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanski_jezici" title="Hindustanski jezici – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hindustanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" title="Hindi-Urdu – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustan" title="Bahasa Hindustan – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hindustani" title="Lingua hindustani – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua hindustani" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_indostana" title="Lingua indostana – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua indostana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הינדוסטנית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הינדוסטנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Indost%C3%A1niku" title="Amánung Indostániku – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Indostániku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3" title="ჰინდი-ურდუ – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰინდი-ურდუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хинди-урду – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хинди-урду" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustanek" title="Hindoustanek – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hindoustanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kihindustani" title="Kihindustani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kihindustani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoustani" title="Endoustani – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Endoustani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_industan" title="Lingaz industan – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz industan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Hindi-Urdu" title="Lingua Hindi-Urdu – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Hindustāņu valoda – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hindustāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustano_kalba" title="Hindustano kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hindustano kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_hindi-ordo" title="Fiteny hindi-ordo – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny hindi-ordo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" title="Hindi-Urdu – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟင်ဒီ-အူရဒူဘာသာစကား – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟင်ဒီ-အူရဒူဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestani" title="Hindoestani – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hindoestani" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="ヒンドゥスターニー語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒンドゥスターニー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostani" title="Indostani – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indostani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistoniy" title="Hindistoniy – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindistoniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستانی زبان – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہندوستانی زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustaansche_Spraak" title="Hindustaansche Spraak – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hindustaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hindustani" title="Język hindustani – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hindustani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hindust%C3%A2ni" title="Língua hindustâni – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hindustâni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_tili" title="Hindustani tili – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hindustani tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_hindustan%C4%83" title="Limba hindustană – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba hindustană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinrustani" title="Hinrustani – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hinrustani" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्थानीभाषा – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हिन्दुस्थानीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_leid" title="Hindustani leid – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hindustani leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_hindustani" title="Gjuha hindustani – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha hindustani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="හින්දුස්ථානී බස – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හින්දුස්ථානී බස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hindustani language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Hindustanščina – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hindustanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ھیندستانی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ھیندستانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хинди-урду – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хинди-урду" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanski_jezik" title="Hindustanski jezik – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hindustanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இந்துசுத்தானி மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்துசுத்தானி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_indostane" title="Lènga indostane – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga indostane" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Һиндстани – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстани" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="హిందుస్తానీ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హిందుస్తానీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาฮินดูสตานี – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฮินดูสตานี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A2n%C3%AE" title="Hindustânî – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindustânî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستانی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندوستانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hindustan" title="Tiếng Hindustan – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinindustani" title="Hinindustani – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hinindustani" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度斯坦语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הינדוסטאני – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הינדוסטאני" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Hindust%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Èdè Hindustánì – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Hindustánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%87" title="印度斯坦文 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度斯坦文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostan%C4%97itiu_kalba" title="Indostanėitiu kalba – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indostanėitiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度斯坦语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustani" title="Bahasa Hindustani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_zyvon" title="Hindustani zyvon – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindustani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11051#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hindustani0804.PNG/250px-Hindustani0804.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hindustani0804.PNG/375px-Hindustani0804.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hindustani0804.PNG/500px-Hindustani0804.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hindustani</b> (/ <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918143">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Code2000","MV Boli","MS Mincho","Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">hɪndustɑːniː</span> /;<b>हिन्दुस्तानी</b>, <b>ہندوستانی</b>), også kjent som <b>hindi-urdu</b>, er en benevnelse brukt av språkvitere for å beskrive en rekke nærliggende språk i den nordlige, sentrale og nordvestre delen av det indiske subkontinentet. To skriftlige standardiseringer inngår i dette språkområdet, nemlig <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a>, men også en rekke dialekter uten skriftlige tradisjoner. De to standardiseringene har en nær identisk grammatikk, og har også det grunnleggende ordforrådet til felles. Før delingen av Britisk India i <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> ble ordene hindustani og urdu brukt om hverandre.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Betydninger_av_ordet">Betydninger av ordet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Betydninger av ordet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Betydninger av ordet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opprinnelig ble termen «hindustani» («fra Induslandet») brukt av de tyrkiske og persiske mogulene som erobret India om <i>khariboli</i>, som var dialekten i bruk i Delhi om omlandet. Dette språket mottok som følge av de fremmede, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamske</a> erobrerne store mengder ord fra persisk, <a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk" title="Tyrkisk">tyrkisk</a>. Ettersom <a href="/wiki/Stormogul" title="Stormogul">stormogulene</a> erobret større deler av India, ble dette språket tatt i bruk som handels- og kommunikasjonsspråk over hele Nord-India. I fire århundrer fungerte dette språket som <i>lingua franca</i>, og oppviste store variasjoner alt etter hvilke lokalspråk det kom i kontakt med. Språket ble også tatt i bruk som litteraturspråk ved mogulhoffet, hvor det var i bruk sammen med persisk. Etterhvert ble det kalt <i>urdu</i>(<i>zabān-e Urdu</i> زبان اردو, ज़बान-ए ), «leirspråket» på persisk, avledet fra det tyrkiske «<i>Ordū</i>» «leir»). </p><p>Da britene tok kontrollen over de nordindiske slettene på 1800-tallet, brukte de termene <i>hindustani</i> og <i>urdu</i> om hverandre, og språket ble tatt i bruk som administrasjonsspråk ved siden av engelsk. Dermed var grunnlaget lagt for hindi og urdu som offisielle språk i India og Pakistan. </p><p>Da India ble delt i <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> tok de to nye statene i bruk hindustani som offisielt språk. Pakistan tok i bruk perso-arabisk skrift, mens India brukte <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a>-alfabetet som stammer fra sanskrit. Ordet urdu brukes dermed ikke lenger som synonym med hindustani. </p><p>Ordet hindustani har dermed en sammensatt historie, og betyr ulike ting for ulike mennesker. Hindustani er for eksempel en betegnelse for det bevisst nøytrale språket som brukes i <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>-filmer. Ved å bruke et nøytralt språk, kan Bollywood-filmer selges både i India og Pakistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urdu">Urdu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Urdu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Urdu"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> er nasjonalspråket i <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> og også et offisielt regionspråk i India. I statene <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_og_Kashmir" title="Jammu og Kashmir">Jammu og Kashmir</a> og i <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> er urdu et av de offisielle språkene. Ordet kommer fra <i>zabān-e Urdu-e mo'alla</i>, som betyr «leirspråket». Ordet urdu har dermed samme opprinnelse som vårt ord <i>horde</i>, og henspiller på de tyrkiskspråklige forfedrene til stormogulene. Som standardisert skriftspråk utviklet urdu seg ved mogulenes hoff i byer som <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra_(by_i_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra (by i India)">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>. </p><p>Urdu skrives med en tilpasning av det arabiske alfabetet, kalt <i>Nasta'liq</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindi">Hindi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hindi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hindi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rigveda_MS2097.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rigveda_MS2097.jpg/160px-Rigveda_MS2097.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rigveda_MS2097.jpg/240px-Rigveda_MS2097.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Rigveda_MS2097.jpg/320px-Rigveda_MS2097.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Del av diktverket <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> skrevet i <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a>-skrift (tidlig 1800-tall)</figcaption></figure> <p>Standardisert <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> er Indias offisielle språk, og stammer fra <i>khariboli</i>-dialekten fra Delhi. Forskjellen fra urdu er først og fremst at det skrives med et opprinnelig indisk alfabet, devanagari, og at det finnes langt færre persiske ord. Mange forfattere bruker i dag en <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a>-inspirert form fra den hellige byen <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, basert på østlige dialekter. Sanskrit er Indias klassiske språk, som ikke snakkes lenger, men som ned igjennom historien har spilt en lignende rolle som <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> i Vest-Europa. </p><p>Ordet «hindustani» er som regel ikke i bruk i India, utenom som betegnelse på en type klassisk musikk fra Nord-India. Vanligvis brukes ordet «hindi», uansett hvor mange persiske ord som er i bruk. Brukerne av hindustani kan fordeles på en skala med det sterkt persiskpåvirkede urdu i den ene enden og klassisk, sanskrit-preget Varanasi-hindi på den andre siden. I vanlig språkbruk i India brukes hindi om alle disse variantene foruten standardisert urdu. </p><p>Dermed kan ordet «hindi» blant annet bety: </p> <ul><li>Standardisert hindi, slik som det blir undervist i skoler i hele India.</li> <li>Formell hindi med en sterk innflytelse fra sanskrit.</li> <li>Alle dialekter av hindi og urdu som snakkes i India.</li> <li>Den nøytraliserte, muntlige formen av språket som brukes på fjernsyn og i filmer.</li> <li>Den mer formelle nøytrale varianten brukt i nyhetssendinger og skriftlige nyhetsreportasjer.</li></ul> <p>Noen bruker ordet «hindustani» for å distansere seg fra den etnisk-religiøse konflikten som førte til Indias deling i 1947. Dermed er alle ord i hindustani tillatt, enten de er persiske eller basert på sanskrit. Denne ordbruken er spesielt utbredt i sekulære kretser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basarhindustani">Basarhindustani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Basarhindustani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Basarhindustani"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordet kan også brukes om dagligspråket eller gatespråket, i motsetning til de mer «raffinerte» skriftformene hindi og urdu. Den amerikansk-engelske ordboka Webster kaller dermed hindustani <i>the principal dialect of Hindi/Urdu, used as a trade language throughout north India and Pakistan.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Søsterspråk"><span id="S.C3.B8sterspr.C3.A5k"></span>Søsterspråk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Søsterspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Søsterspråk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Talt urdu og hindi kan sees på som dialekter av et felles språk, hindustani. Forskjellene er imidlertid langt større i litterær hindi og urdu. Hindi henter sine kulturord fra de gamle språkene sanskrit og <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakrit">prakrit</a>, mens urdu henter sine kulturord fra persisk og arabisk. De fleste pronomen, verb, preposisjoner osv er de samme i begge språkene. </p><p>Talt, folkelig hindustani er imidlertid svært utbredt i store områder i India som kommunikasjonsspråk, <i>lingua franca</i>. </p><p>Dersom man teller hindi og urdu sammen, er det verdens tredje største språk etter <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mandarin (språk)">mandarinkinesisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offisiell_status">Offisiell status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Offisiell status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Offisiell status"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den indiske grunnoven erklærer hindi som offisielt språk i Den indiske unionen. I tillegg er hindi offisielt språk i delstatene <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> og <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. I noen av disse delstatene finnes det flere offisielle språk, vanligvis urdu. I tillegg har hindi status som andre offisielle språk i delstater og territorier som <a href="/wiki/Andamanene_og_Nikobarene" title="Andamanene og Nikobarene">Andamanene og Nikobarene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daman_og_Diu" title="Daman og Diu">Daman og Diu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> og <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" title="Punjab (India)">Punjab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindi undervises i skolene i alle delstatene unntatt <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, samt i Karaikal-enklaven i <a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urdu, den andre standardiseringen, er nasjonalspråket i Pakistan, hvor også engelsk er offisielt språk. Selv om flertallet i Pakistan snakker <a href="/wiki/Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi">punjabi</a> og engelsk er i bruk, nyter likevel urdu en høy status. Urdu er også annet offisielt språk i de indiske delstatene <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_og_Kashmir" title="Jammu og Kashmir">Jammu og Kashmir</a> og <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, samt i Den indiske union. På universiteter som i <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> snakkes og lærer urdu som et prestisjespråk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hindustani_utenfor_Sør-Asia"><span id="Hindustani_utenfor_S.C3.B8r-Asia"></span>Hindustani utenfor Sør-Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hindustani utenfor Sør-Asia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hindustani utenfor Sør-Asia"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hindustani snakkes også utenfor sitt kjerneområde i Sør-Asia, og da av utvandrere og deres etterkommere. </p><p>På <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> er <a href="/wiki/Fijiansk_hindustani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijiansk hindustani">Fijiansk hindustani</a> ett av tre offisielle språk. Denne varianten er utviklet av østlige dialekter. Dette språket har utviklet en del særtrekk, men er fremdeles helt forståelig for indere. Nesten alle indo-fijianere snakker dette språket, og de utgjør 38,1% av befolkningen på Fiji. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia">Karibia</a> snakkes hindustani av en stor gruppe indisk-karibiske grupper i <a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> og <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_og_Tobago" title="Trinidad og Tobago">Trinidad og Tobago</a>. Navnet på språket her er <i>karibisk hindustani</i>. I Surinam er hindustani det nest mest talte språket. </p><p>Tadj-Uzbeki er en form for hindustani som snakkes av etterkommere etter indiske utvandrerer på grensa mellom <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a>. Denne varianten av hindustani er påvirket av usbekisk, tadsjikisk og russisk. </p><p>Hindustani snakkes også av store immigrantgrupper i Nord-Amerika, Europa, Afrika og Midtøsten. I et land som Mauritius er flertallet av befolkningen av indisk opprinnelse, men deres muntlige variant av hindustani, bjojpuri, taper nå terreng overfor fransk-kreolsk. I Norge gis det morsmålsundervisning i <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a> for den store gruppen pakistansk-norske barn. Imidlertid har denne gruppen stort sett <a href="/wiki/Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi">punjabi</a> som morsmål. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford English Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford English Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927062910/http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm">Arkivert</a> 27. september 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/mallikarjunmalaysiapaper1.html">LANGUAGE IN INDIA: Volume 4 : 11 November 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.nic.in/natpol_new.asp">Government of India: National Policy on Education</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060620100111/http://education.nic.in/natpol_new.asp">Arkivert</a> 20. juni 2006 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Asher, R. E. (1994). Hindi. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 1547-1549).</li> <li>Asher, R. E. (Ed.). (1994). <i>The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics</i>. Oxford: Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0080359434" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-08-035943-4</a>.</li> <li>Bailey, Thomas G. (1950). <i>Teach yourself Hindustani</i>. London: English Universities Press.</li> <li>Chatterji, Suniti K. (1960). <i>Indo-Aryan and Hindi</i> (rev. 2nd ed.). Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay.</li> <li>Dua, Hans R. (1992). Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language. In M. G. Clyne (Ed.), <i>Pluricentric languages: Differing norms in different nations</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3110128551" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-11-012855-1</a>.</li> <li>Dua, Hans R. (1994a). Hindustani. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 1554).</li> <li>Dua, Hans R. (1994b). Urdu. In Asher (Ed.) (pp. 4863-4864).</li> <li>Rai, Amrit. (1984). <i>A house divided: The origin and development of Hindi-Hindustani</i>. Delhi: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/019561643X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-561643-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustani&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" title="Fil:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu_phrasebook" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Hindi-Urdu phrasebook">Hindi-Urdu phrasebook</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li>Shakespear, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/">A Dictionary, Hindustani and English.</a> 3rd ed., much enl. London: Printed for the author by J.L. Cox and Son: Sold by Parbury, Allen, & Co., 1834.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HIG_HOR/HINDOSTANI_properly_Hindustani_.html">Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition: Hindostani</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204628/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HIG_HOR/HINDOSTANI_properly_Hindustani_.html">Arkivert</a> 3. mars 2016 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030217173457/http://members.aol.com/yahyam/hindustani.html">Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, <i>khaRî bolî</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020415084142/http://www.geocities.com/sikmirza/arabic/hindustani.html">Hindi-Urdu FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languageinindia.com/march2003/hindustani.html">Hindustani as an anxiety between Hindi-Urdu Commitment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923205724/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Hindinote.html">Hindi? Urdu? Hindustani? Hindi-Urdu?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adaniel.tripod.com/hindustani.htm">History of Hindustani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexicool.com/dlink.asp?ID=0FW3HU5663&L1=34&L2=44">Hindi/Urdu-English-Kalasha-Khowar-Nuristani-Pashtu Comparative Word List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90987">Ethnologue Report for Hindustani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalrecordings.net/language/747">GRN Report for Hindustani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615203847/http://indolink.com/Poetry/">Hindustani Poetry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827233430/http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/lss/staff/erica/CALL/hindi.html">Hindi-Urdu online resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004443/http://www.yoindia.com/forums/">Biggest Hindustani-Indian poetry forum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070804053902/http://www.nla.gov.pk/">National Language Authority (Urdu), Pakistan (muqtadera qaumi zaban)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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