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style="position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div class="layout02" id="layout02"> <div class="boxleft" id="boxleft"> <div class="commonbox2" id="box1"> <div class="doctopic"> <h1 title="多晶PERC电池抗LeTID研究进展及相关测试标准-王伟-协鑫集成.pdf"> <img alt="" style="margin-top: 2px" src="images/s.gif" class="pdf">多晶PERC电池抗LeTID研究进展及相关测试标准-王伟-协鑫集成.pdf</h1> <div class="content Hidden">多晶PERC电池LeTID研究进展及相关测试标准协鑫集成 2018年11月9日目录 CONTENTS 1 1 LeTID研究进展 GCL抗LeTID研究进展 2 2 LeTID测试标准 3 3观点或结论认同该观点的单位 1. 相比于单晶PERC，多晶PERC电池在50˚C以上会表现出更缓慢的光衰效应所有研究单位 2. 多晶PERC的衰减与BO对、FeB无关几乎所有研究单位 3. 高温可加速衰减和恢复过程 SCHOTT、UNSW、Konstanz大学、Qcells 4. 晶界处衰减幅度小 Fraunhofer ISE、Konstanz大学等 5. 衰减主要是由间隙金属缺陷引起的 ISFH、Aalto大学、Konstanz大学 6. 恢复过程对应着间隙金属迁移到表面并被陷住的过程 ISFH、Aalto大学 7. 吸杂可降低衰减幅度 Konstanz大学 8. 两次烧结和高温激光处理均可降低衰减幅度，两者相结合可完全消除衰减；暗退火可加速光照导致衰减和恢复的过程，且最大衰减幅度也与烧结温度相关； UNSW 9 衰减幅度与烧结有关，烧结温度越高，衰减越大 Fraunhofer ISE、UNSW 10.烧结过程中，升温、降温速率放慢可以抑制衰减 Fraunhofer ISE 关于LeTID的部分观点：经过试验验证可行 少子寿命衰减曲线分为一个快速衰减阶段和一个慢速指数衰减阶段；  650˚C烧结的硅片无衰减；存在一个临界温度，介于650 ˚C 和900 ˚C之间  作者提出了一个假设：高温烧结时，金属沉淀Mp溶解生成间隙金属原子Mi，低温烧结时，金属沉淀Mp不会溶解；高温烧结降温过程中，间隙金属原子Mi被其他杂质X（O、C、N、 H等）俘获生成Mi-X对，Mi-X对是弱复合中心。一定温度光照过程中，Mi-X重构生成较强复合中心Mi-X*，更长时间光照后，分解成Mi和X。Mi-X的重构过程对应衰减阶段一 – 快速衰减阶段；Mi-X分解成Mi对应衰减阶段二 – 慢速指数衰减。再继续光照，Mi会运动到硅片表面被陷住，该过程对应恢复过程。在硅片薄的区域，Mi需要走的距离短，所以会先开始恢复。X很有可能是H. 阶段1 - 快速衰减阶段2 - 慢速指数衰减 Dennis Bredemeier et al, “Lifetime degradation and regeneration in multicrystalline silicon under illumination at elevated temperature,” Fraunhofer ISFH ，2016 烧结温度与LeTID关系 最佳烧结峰值温度是630˚C，该温度能充分激活钝化，且衰减幅度最小 Catherine E. Chan et al, “Rapid Stabilization of High-Performance Multicrystalline P-type Silicon PERC Cells,” UNSW ，2016  两次烧结可减小衰减幅度，且合适的两次烧结温度还能提高初始少子寿命（565 - 660˚C) 烧结温度与LeTID关系 烧结过程中，升温、降温速率放慢可以抑制衰减 Rebekka Eberle et al, “Firing temperature profile impact on light induced degradation in mc silicon,” Fraunhofer ISE ，2017 烧结过程升降温速率目录 CONTENTS 1 1 抗LeTID研究进展 GCL抗LeTID研究进展 2 2 LeTID测试标准 3 3 根据不同升降温速率调试两种烧结曲线，曲线A、曲线B  测试条件:1000W/m 2 ，80±5℃，开路测试，每个点为20片电池衰减的平均数据  测试电池起始平均效率20.4%，掺B，电阻率~1.1Ω.cm  光衰至320h，优化的曲线B光衰率1.91% 不同烧结曲线光衰对比： GCL 抗LeTID研究进展 基于曲线B，调试不同烧结峰值温度，峰值温度降低，效率损失增加(曲线A的Temp1效率损失约0.1%)  测试条件:1000W/m 2 ，80±5℃，开路测试，每个点为20片电池衰减的平均数据  片源及电阻率：掺B，电阻率1-3Ω.cm  光衰至285h，优化曲线匹配低峰值温度，光衰率降至1.36% 优化烧结曲线不同峰值温度光衰对比： GCL 抗LeTID研究进展 叠加抗光衰工艺后, 多晶PERC电池LeTID内部长期测试（最近更新）  测试条件:1000W/m 2 ，80±5℃，开路测试，每个点为20片电池衰减的平均数据  基于优化抗LeTID工艺，1000kWh光衰率低于2%  预计在组件最大功率点的测试条件上衰减小于1.5%  测试电池起始平均效率20.2%，电阻率均值1~3ohm.cm GCL 抗LeTID研究进展Fraunhofer 测试报告（抗LID/LETID工艺:16-7-2018）  Fraunhofer LID(右侧 2 modules)和LeTID (左侧 2 modules) 测试流程如下: Fraunhofer 测试报告（抗LID工艺:16-7-2018） LID测试结果(55 ℃) • Data1: 20kWh/m 2 • Data2: 40kWh/m 2 • Data3: 60kWh/m 2 使用前期掺镓硅片Fraunhofer 测试报告2（抗LeTID工艺:16-7-2018） LeTID测试结果(85 ℃) • Data1: 96h current soaking • Data2: 192h current soaking • Data3: 288h current soaking 使用前期掺镓硅片目录 CONTENTS 1 1 抗LeTID研究进展 GCL抗LeTID 研究进展 2 2 LeTID测试标准 3 3可参考的测试标准(方法) Sample Method Procedures Conditions IEC61215:2016 Modules 1-step Light soaking Indoor:800~1000W/m 2 ,50 ±10℃, MPPT Outdoor: 500W/m 2 , environment temp. GBT 6495.11-2016 Cells 1-step Light soaking 1 sun, 60 ±10℃ IEC 61215-1 ED2 Modules 2-step 1 st step: MQT 19.1 Initial stabilization, light soaking 2 nd step: MQT 23.1 LeTID degradation, current injection 1 st step: 1 sun, 50℃ 2 nd step: Isc-Impp, 75℃ IEC 62302-1 Cells 1-step Light soaking 1 sun, 60 ±5℃, max 20kWh/m 2 SEMI_draft_LID standard Cells 1-step Current injection 10A, temp. and time as parameter电池LID测试标准-目前还没有电池LeTID测试的相关标准 IV measurement GBT 6495.11-2016 Light exposure (2kWh/m 2 @50-70 ℃) At least 20 pcs of cells IV measurement Light exposure (1kWh/m 2 @50-70 ℃) IV measurement Stable? N Y End IV measurement Light exposure (5kWh/m 2 @60 ±5℃) IV measurement Light exposure (1kWh/m 2 @60 ±5 ℃) IV measurement End Stable or accumulate radiation reach 20kWh/m 2 Y N Draft of IEC62302-1 At least 20 pcs of cells Light intensity: 600-1000W/m 2 Light intensity: 1000W/m 2 可参考的测试标准 Module LeTID test in IEC 61215-1 ED2 •1 st step, MQT 19.1, Initial Stabilization •2 nd step, MQT 23.1, LeTID Degradation • Labeled as “LeTID sensitive” if LeTID degradation 5% 可参考的测试标准(方法)“LeTID”测试提案 IV measurement Light exposure (10kWh/m 2 @80 ±5 ℃) At least 20 pcs of cells IV measurement Light exposure (5kWh/m 2 @80 ±5 ℃) IV measurement Stable? or 20kWh/m2 N Y End Light exposure (20kWh/m 2 @45 ℃) • Procedure a) I-V measurement b) 1 st step light soaking for 20kWh/m2 at 45℃ c) I-V measurement d) calculate LID by difference in efficiency between a) c) e) Light soaking for 10kWh/m2 at 80±5℃ f) I-V measurement g) Light exposure for another 5kWh/m2 in conditions of e) h) I-V measurement i) Repeat g) h) till stabilized or reach 20kWh/m2 termination criteria j) Calculate LeTID (difference in efficiency between c) i) IV measurement 1 st step 2 nd step 合并成一步？ IEC、SEMI已提出立项申请并获得通过目前参编单位有：协鑫集成、阿特斯、众森、爱旭、隆基 Email: wangwei6@gclsi.com协鑫集成科技股份有限公司 www.gclsi.com 地址:江苏省苏州工业园区新庆路28号协鑫能源中心电话: 86-512-6983 2999 传真: 86-512-6983 2875 </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="page_view" id="pageContainer" oncontextmenu="return false"> <script language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { initPage(); $("#loading").hide(); });</script>  </div> <div id="outer_page_more" style="margin-bottom:20px;background-color:#FFF; overflow:hidden;"> <div class="inner_page_more" id="page_more" style="width: 917px; overflow:hidden;border:solid 1px #ccc;box-shadow:0 1px 5px #ccc; height: 260px; line-height: 30px;"> <div id="html-reader-go-more" class="banner-wrap more-btn-banner" style="padding-top: 40px; width: 920px; position:relative;"> <div id="loading" style="text-align:center;width: 920px; padding-bottom:100px; 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