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tag-vaccine-delivery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://thepharma.net/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/image-26-min-scaled-e1726234719559.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Innovations in Microneedle Technology for Transdermal Drug Delivery</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-13T19:08:51+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 13, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-13T16:52:27+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 13, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://thepharma.net/archive/author/thepharma/" title="View all posts by thepharma" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">thepharma</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transdermal drug delivery has been projected for several years to provide a non-invasive, controllable mode of drug delivery among patients, providing dosage forms that can deliver drugs into the skin without necessarily passing the GIT. Systemic circulation fosters first-pass metabolism, resulting in better and more efficient bioavailability without “first-pass metabolism.” However, the limitations of prepared transdermal patches promise limitations in delivering expansive molecules or an adequate dose of the required drug. Enter microneedle technology, an innovative revolution in TDDS. Microneedle-like structures that form microchannels in the skin allow the delivery of drugs with enhanced permission without going much deeper into the skin to block the pain receptors. Microneedles work out to offer a prospective, painless, and efficient alternative to drug administration. This paper looks deeper into various innovations in microneedle technology, highlighting its potential to revolutionize the architecture of transdermal drug delivery.</span></p> <h3><b>Types of microneedles</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"> It can be further classified as material-based and drug delivery mechanism-based classifications, which include: solid microneedles, coated microneedles, dissolving microneedles, and hydrogel-forming microneedles.</span></p> <h4><b>Solid micro needles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These needles are mainly used to form microchannels on the skin. Once the desired channel formation is done, the drug patch is delivered to the specific area to let the drug diffuse through those microchannels.</span></p> <h4><b>Coated Microneedles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The drug can be coated or attached to the microneedles. They will be rejected into the skin during administration. It will be accurate, and waste doesn’t occur in this case.</span></p> <h4><b>Dissolving microneedles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These types of microneedles are fabricated from biocompatible and biodegradable materials. They encapsulate the drug within. After they are injected into the skin, they are dissolved, and right at that site, the drug is rejected right into the dermal layers.</span></p> <h4><b>Hydrogel-forming Microneedles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These microneedles would swell upon insertion into the skin and form a hydrogel, which could act as a reservoir for the drug, allowing a sustained release over time.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://thepharma.net/publication-trends/index/microneedles" target="_blank" title="microneedles - yearwise publication trends">microneedles</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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They provide flexibility, biocompatibility, and the possibility of being modified to dissolve at particular rates. Polymeric microneedles have been utilized in the delivery of a broad class of drugs, from small molecules to larger biological agents like proteins and peptides.</span></p> <h4><b>3D-Printed Micro Needless</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The introduction of 3D printing technology made it</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">possible to precisely put into place several micro needles with complex geometries and design customization. This innovation will practically make it possible to customize the production of microneedles depending on specific drug delivery needs, thereby maximizing efficiency and effectiveness.</span></p> <h4><b>Micro Needle Arrays for High-Throughput Screening</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other developments of a remarkable nature include the creation of microneedle arrays included in high-throughput drug screening. These arrays enable the testing of multiple drug formulations and their dosages at the same time, thus making the drug development process very rapid and fast.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Applying through temperature Thermally-controlled transport across the skin is one of the issues related to transdermal drug delivery. Thermo-stable micro-needles have been designed to deal with this problem. These devices ensure drug efficacy irrespective of storage or use temperatures.</span></p> <h4><b>Vaccine Delivery</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Microneedles have shown great potential in vaccine delivery. This is achieved because of the ability of the micro needles to deliver the vaccines directly into immune cells in the skin; this makes it possible to enhance immune responses and be a more effective strategy in vaccination. The other advantage of microneedles is their stability, which leads to easy use in the distribution of vaccines in resource-limited settings.</span></p> <h4><b>Diabetes management</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The administration of insulin with the use of micro-needles could not only significantly lower the invasiveness of insulin owing to injection but also potentially make patients more receptive to insulin administration, thus having a direct impact on patient adherence and quality of life. It is possible to achieve a controlled release of insulin effectively at the rates it would in the body.</span></p> <h4><b>Cosmeceuticals</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the dermatology and cosmetology industries, micro needles have been used to administer anti-aging agents, vitamins, and other cosmeceutical products directly to the skin for maximum activity and skin etc.</span></p> <h4><b>Pain Management</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Microneedles are considered for delivering analytics to introduce rapid action against pain without oral or IV administration. It is especially well suited for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /> </span><b>Clinical Trials and Research</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A good number of clinical trials have proven the efficacy and safety of microneedle technology. Several recent studies have validated microneedles as effective in delivering a great number of different drugs, from small molecules like lidocaine to much larger biological agents such as monoclonal antibodies.</span></p> <h4><b>Patient Acceptance</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A high level of acceptance of microneedle technology among the patients was registered due to its invasiveness and consequently low pain in comparison with conventional needles. High acceptance makes it possible to apply the technology of microneedles to practical medicine.</span></p> <h4><b>Commercialization and Market Growth</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The commercialization of microneedle products is in the initial stage, and various companies have developed and marketed microneedle-based drug delivery systems. Over the next couple of years and beyond, the market for microneedle technology should grow steadily given the need to reach a painless method of drug delivery quickly.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://thepharma.net/recent-publications/index/microneedles" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="microneedles - yearwise publication list">microneedles</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://thepharma.net/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Development of ropivacaine hydrochloride-loaded dissolving microneedles as a local anesthetic agent: A proof-of-concept.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38885777", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Multifunctional composite soluble microneedle patch based on \\\\\\\"one stone, three birds\\\\\\\" strategy for promoting the healing of infectious wounds.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38908043", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Improvement of lidocaine skin permeation by using passive and active enhancer methods.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38914351", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Gelatin methacryloyl microneedle loaded with 3D-MSC-Exosomes for the protection of ischemia-reperfusion.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38936568", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A quick paster type of soluble nanoparticle microneedle patch for the treatment of obesity.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38941683", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Microneedle-mediated drug delivery for neurological diseases.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950662", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38958376", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Spatiotemporal fate of nanocarriers-embedded dissolving microneedles: the impact of needle dissolving rate.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38962819", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Advances in novel biomaterials combined with traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation technology in treatment of peripheral nerve injury.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38938781", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Swellable Microneedles in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38931458", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Chitosan non-particulate vaccine delivery systems.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39114808", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Oxygen-Propelled Dual-Modular Microneedles with Dopamine-Enhanced RNA Delivery for Regulating Each Stage of Diabetic Wounds.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39105463", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Corn-inspired high-density plasmonic metal-organic frameworks microneedles for enhanced SERS detection of acetaminophen.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38924988", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Emerging innovations in portable chemical sensing devices: Advancements from microneedles to hydrogel, microfluidic, and paper-based platforms.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38924993", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Single-dose of integrated bilayer microneedles for enhanced hypertrophic scar therapy with rapid anti-inflammatory and sustained inhibition of myofibroblasts.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39106821", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Novel lipid nanovesicle-loaded dissolving microarray patches for fenretinide in breast cancer chemoprevention.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39111598", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Catalase-templated nanozyme-loaded microneedles integrated with polymyxin B for immunoregulation and antibacterial activity in diabetic wounds.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38653074", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Microneedles: A Minimally Invasive Delivery System for Ocular Treatment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38821480", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "3D DLP-printed cannabinoid microneedles patch and its pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38656627", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Nanocarrier-Integrated Microneedles: Divulging the Potential of Novel Frontiers for Fostering the Management of Skin Ailments.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38660711", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Going Forward and Challenges</b></h3> <h4><b>Manufacturing and Scalability</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scalable and cost-effective manufacturing of microneedle devices is one of the major challenges. However, developments in manufacturing, such as those in microfabrication and 3D printing, are promising directions for solving these problems and making production more accessible and affordable.</span></p> <h4><b>Regulatory Approval</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similar to any other medical device, it can be complex and time-demanding to get regulatory approval for issues related to microneedle products. One of the most critical ingredients in the commercial success of microneedle devices is ensuring that such devices meet all safety and efficacy standards.</span></p> <h4><b>Long-term Stability and Storage</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Long-term stability should be sustained for drugs delivered through microneedles, particularly vaccines and biologics. The ongoing research includes the development of formulations and microneedle designs to enable drug stability over extended periods of time.</span></p> <h4><b>Propulsion to Wearable Devices</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An advancement that can be focused on in the future is to apply this microneedle technology in combination with some wearable devices for continuous delivery and monitoring applications. That would narrate a different tale of chronic disease management without a possible delay, responding in real time, such that every individual can be with them uniquely.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Microneedle technology is an innovative breakthrough in transdermal drug delivery since it provides a painless, efficient, and veratile way of delivering a wide range of therapeutics to the body. From vaccines and insulin to cosmeceuticals and analgesics, microneedles stand poised to transform patient care while increasing compliance. Predicated on continued research and development to overcome additional manufacturing, regulatory approval, and long-term stability hurdles, microneedle technology will clearly come of age and find its place within the mainstream of clinical practice. The future of drug delivery by microneedles through the skin looks bright and has an edge in this dynamic field.</span></p> <p>[keywords_start]Micro needles, Transdermal drug delivery, Polymeric microneedles, 3D printing, Vaccine delivery, Diabetes management, Cosmeceuticals, Pain management<br /> [keywords_end]</p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Nguyen HX, Nguyen CN. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/277">Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals</a>. <em>Pharmaceutics</em>. 2023; 15(1):277. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010277.</li> <li>Turner, J.G., White, L.R., Estrela, P. and Leese, H.S., 2021. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mabi.202000307">Hydrogel‐forming microneedles: current advancements and future trends.</a> <i>Macromolecular Bioscience</i>, <i>21</i>(2), p.2000307.</li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dissolving polymer microneedles for controlled drug delivery.</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Micro needle enhanced delivery of cosmeceutical peptides</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Microneedle-based drug delivery for diabetes management</span></li> <li>Jamaledin, R., Di Natale, C., Onesto, V., Taraghdari, Z.B., Zare, E.N., Makvandi, P., Vecchione, R. and Netti, P.A., 2020. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/2/542">Progress in microneedle-mediated protein delivery.</a> <i>Journal of clinical medicine</i>, <i>9</i>(2), p.542.</li> <li>McAllister, D.V., Wang, P.M., Davis, S.P., Park, J.H., Canatella, P.J., Allen, M.G. and Prausnitz, M.R., 2003. <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2331316100">Microfabricated needles for transdermal delivery of macromolecules and nanoparticles: fabrication methods and transport studies.</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, <i>100</i>(24), pp.13755-13760.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">microneedles</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://thepharma.net/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://thepharma.net/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://thepharma.net/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "zUrAK4wBWBy50K-rFl38": { "aid": "zUrAK4wBWBy50K-rFl38", "name": "P. 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