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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hardware subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Characterization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characterization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Characterization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characterization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calibration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calibration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Calibration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calibration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_profiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_profiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Color profiles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Color_profiles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Color profiles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Color_profiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Embedding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embedding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Embedding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embedding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Working_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Working_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Working spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Working_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_transformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_transformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Color transformation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Color_transformation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Color transformation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Color_transformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Profile_connection_space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Profile_connection_space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Profile connection space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Profile_connection_space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gamut_mapping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gamut_mapping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gamut mapping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gamut_mapping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rendering_intent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rendering_intent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Rendering intent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rendering_intent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Implementation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Color_management_module" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_management_module"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Color management module</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_management_module-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_system_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_system_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Operating system level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_system_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Apple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Android" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Android"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Android</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Android-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>File level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-File_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creative_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creative_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Creative software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creative_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_browsers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_browsers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Web browsers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_browsers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"> <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages"> <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إدارة الألوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدارة الألوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3_digital_del_color" title="Gestió digital del color – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gestió digital del color" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farvestyring" title="Farvestyring – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Farvestyring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farbmanagement" title="Farbmanagement – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Farbmanagement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesti%C3%B3n_del_color" title="Gestión del color – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gestión del color" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="مدیریت رنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدیریت رنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestion_de_la_couleur" title="Gestion de la couleur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gestion de la couleur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%89_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="색 관리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="색 관리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="रंग प्रबंधन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रंग प्रबंधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestione_digitale_del_colore" title="Gestione digitale del colore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gestione digitale del colore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="カラーマネージメントシステム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラーマネージメントシステム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargestyring" title="Fargestyring – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fargestyring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_zarz%C4%85dzania_kolorem" title="System zarządzania kolorem – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System zarządzania kolorem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Управление цветом – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управление цветом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4rgstyrning" title="Färgstyrning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Färgstyrning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5" title="ระบบการจัดการสี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบการจัดการสี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renk_y%C3%B6netimi" title="Renk yönetimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Renk yönetimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Управління кольором – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Управління кольором" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="色彩管理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色彩管理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Controlled data conversion between the color representations of various devices</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Color management</b> is the process of ensuring consistent and accurate colors across various devices, such as <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">monitors</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>, and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>. It involves the use of color profiles, which are standardized descriptions of how colors should be displayed or reproduced. </p><p>Color management is necessary because different devices have different color capabilities and characteristics. For example, a monitor may display colors differently than a printer can reproduce them. Without color management, the same image may appear differently on different devices, leading to inconsistencies and inaccuracies. </p><p>To achieve color management, a color profile is created for each device involved in the color workflow. This profile describes the device's color capabilities and characteristics, such as its color gamut (range of colors it can display or reproduce) and color temperature. These profiles are then used to translate colors between devices, ensuring consistent and accurate color reproduction. </p><p>Color management is particularly important in industries such as graphic design, photography, and printing, where accurate color representation is crucial. It helps to maintain color consistency throughout the entire workflow, from capturing an image to displaying or printing it. </p><p>Parts of color management are implemented in the <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (OS), helper libraries, the application, and devices. The type of color profile that is typically used is called an <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a>. A cross-platform view of color management is the use of an ICC-compatible color management system. The <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a> (ICC) is an industry consortium that has defined: </p> <ul><li>an open standard for a <i>Color Matching Module</i> (CMM) at the OS level</li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">color profiles</a> for: <ul><li>devices, including <span class="anchor" id="DeviceLink_profile"></span>DeviceLink profiles that transform one device profile (color space) to another device profile without passing through an intermediate color space,<sup id="cite_ref-Seggern2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seggern2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB_color_space" title="CIELAB color space">L*A*B*</a>, more accurately preserving color<sup id="cite_ref-Seggern2019_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seggern2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>working spaces</i>, the color spaces in which color data is meant to be manipulated</li></ul></li></ul> <p>There are other approaches to color management besides using ICC profiles. This is partly due to history and partly because of other needs than the ICC standard covers. The film and broadcasting industries make use of some of the same concepts, but they frequently rely on more limited boutique solutions. The film industry, for instance, often uses <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_LUT" class="mw-redirect" title="3D LUT">3D LUTs</a> (<a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup_table" title="Lookup table">lookup table</a>) to represent a complete color transformation for a specific RGB encoding. </p><p>At the consumer level, system wide color management is available in most of Apple's products (macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft Windows lacks system wide color management and virtually all applications do not employ color management.<sup id="cite_ref-dpreview.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dpreview.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows' media player API is not color space aware, and if applications want to color manage videos manually, they have to incur significant performance and power consumption penalties. Android supports system wide color management,<sup id="cite_ref-Color_Management_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Color_Management-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but most devices ship with color management disabled.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Characterize. Every color-managed device requires a personalized table, or "color profile," which characterizes the color response of that particular device.</li> <li>Standardize. Each color profile describes these colors relative to a standardized set of reference colors (the "Profile Connection Space").</li> <li>Translate. Color-managed software then uses these standardized profiles to translate color from one device to another. This is usually performed by a color management module (CMM).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characterization">Characterization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characterization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a></div> <p>To describe the behavior of various output devices, they must be compared (measured) in relation to a standard <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a>. Often a step called linearization is performed first, to undo the effect of <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma correction</a> that was done to get the most out of limited <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-bit_color" title="8-bit color">8-bit color</a> paths. Instruments used for measuring device colors include <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristimulus_colorimeter" title="Tristimulus colorimeter">colorimeters</a> and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrophotometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrophotometer">spectrophotometers</a>. As an intermediate result, the device <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> is described in the form of scattered measurement data. The transformation of the scattered measurement data into a more regular form, usable by the application, is called <i>profiling</i>. Profiling is a complex process involving mathematics, intense computation, judgment, testing, and iteration. After the profiling is finished, an idealized color description of the device is created. This description is called a <i>profile</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calibration">Calibration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Calibration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_calibration" title="Color calibration">Color calibration</a></div> <p>Calibration is like characterization, except that it can include the adjustment of the device, as opposed to just the measurement of the device. Color management is sometimes sidestepped by calibrating devices to a common standard color space such as <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a>; when such calibration is done well enough, no color translations are needed to get all devices to handle colors consistently. This avoidance of the complexity of color management was one of the goals in the development of sRGB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_profiles">Color profiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Color profiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CTPgifsm.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CTPgifsm.gif/220px-CTPgifsm.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CTPgifsm.gif/330px-CTPgifsm.gif 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/CTPgifsm.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="286"/></a><figcaption>A 3D view of two ICC profiles</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embedding">Embedding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Embedding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Image formats themselves (such as <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>, and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>) may contain embedded <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">color profiles</a> but are not required to do so by the image format. The <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a> standard was created to bring various developers and manufacturers together. The ICC standard permits the exchange of output device characteristics and color spaces in the form of <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. This allows the embedding of color profiles into images as well as storing them in a database or a profile directory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_spaces">Working spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Working spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Working spaces, such as <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe RGB</a> or <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPhoto_RGB_color_space" title="ProPhoto RGB color space">ProPhoto</a> are color spaces that facilitate good results while editing. For instance, pixels with equal values of R,G,B should appear neutral. Using a large (gamut) working space will lead to <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterization" title="Posterization">posterization</a>, while using a small working space will lead to <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">clipping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trade-off is a consideration for the critical image editor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_transformation">Color transformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Color transformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Color transformation, or color space conversion, is the transformation of the representation of a color from one <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> to another. This calculation is required whenever data is exchanged inside a color-managed chain and carried out by a <a href="#Color_management_module">Color Matching Module</a>. Transforming profiled color information to different output devices is achieved by referencing the profile data into a standard color space. It makes it easier to convert colors from one device to a selected standard color space and from that to the colors of another device. By ensuring that the reference color space covers the many possible colors that humans can see, this concept allows one to exchange colors between many different color output devices. Color transformations can be represented by two profiles (source profile and target profile) or by a devicelink profile. In this process there are approximations involved which make sure that the image keeps its important color qualities and also gives an opportunity to control on how the colors are being changed.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridgeincolour.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgeincolour.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Profile_connection_space">Profile connection space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Profile connection space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the terminology of the <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a>, a translation between two color spaces can go through a <i>profile connection space</i> (PCS): Color Space 1 → PCS (<a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELAB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIELAB">CIELAB</a> or <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIEXYZ" class="mw-redirect" title="CIEXYZ">CIEXYZ</a>) → Color space 2; conversions into and out of the PCS are each specified by a profile.<sup id="cite_ref-rodney_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rodney-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gamut_mapping">Gamut mapping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gamut mapping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In nearly every translation process, we have to deal with the fact that the color <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> of different devices vary in range which makes an accurate reproduction impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridgeincolour.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgeincolour.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They therefore need some rearrangement near the borders of the gamut. Some colors must be shifted to the inside of the gamut, as they otherwise cannot be represented on the output device and would simply be clipped. This so-called gamut mismatch occurs for example, when we translate from the RGB color space with a wider gamut into the CMYK color space with a narrower gamut range. In this example, the dark highly saturated purplish-blue color of a typical computer monitor's "blue" primary is impossible to print on paper with a typical <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a> printer. The nearest approximation within the printer's gamut will be much less saturated. Conversely, an inkjet printer's "cyan" primary, a saturated mid-brightness blue, is outside the gamut of a typical computer monitor. The color management system can utilize various methods to achieve desired results and give experienced users control of the gamut mapping behavior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rendering_intent">Rendering intent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rendering intent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the gamut of source color space exceeds that of the destination, saturated colors are liable to become <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">clipped</a> (inaccurately represented), or more formally <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_(image)" title="Burned (image)">burned</a>. The color management module can deal with this problem in several ways. The ICC specification includes four different rendering intents, listed below.<sup id="cite_ref-rodney_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rodney-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cic_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cic-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the actual rendering intent is carried out, one can temporarily simulate the rendering by <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_proofing" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft proofing">soft proofing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a useful tool as it predicts the outcome of the colors and is available as an application in many color management systems: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1228772891">.mw-parser-output .glossary dt{margin-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .glossary dt+dt{margin-top:-0.2em}.mw-parser-output .glossary .templatequote{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:-0.5em}</style> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="absolute_colorimetric"><dfn>Absolute colorimetric</dfn></dt> <dd>Absolute colorimetry and relative colorimetry actually use the same table but differ in the adjustment for the white point media. If the output device has a much larger gamut than the source profile, i.e., all the colors in the source can be represented in the output, using the absolute colorimetry rendering intent would ideally (ignoring noise, precision, etc.) give an exact output of the specified CIELAB values. Perceptually, the colors may appear incorrect, but instrument measurements of the resulting output would match the source. Colors outside of the proof print system's possible color are mapped to the boundary of the color gamut. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Absolute colorimetry is useful to get an exact specified color (e.g., IBM blue), or to quantify the accuracy of mapping methods.</dd> <dt id="relative_colorimetric"><dfn>Relative colorimetric</dfn></dt> <dd>The goal in relative colorimetry is to be truthful to the specified color, with only a correction for the media. Relative colorimetry is useful in proofing applications, since it can be used to get an idea of how a print on one device will appear on a different device. Media differences are the only thing that one really should adjust for, although some gamut mapping also needs to be applied. Usually this is done in a way where hue and lightness are maintained at the cost of reduced saturation. By default, in-gamut colors are unchanged, while out-of-gamut colors are clamped. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Relative colorimetric is the default rendering intent on many systems.</dd> <dt id="perceptual"><dfn>Perceptual</dfn></dt> <dd>The perceptual intent smoothly moves out-of-gamut colors into gamut, preserving gradations, but distorts in-gamut colors in the process. Like the saturation intent, the results really depend upon the profile maker. This is even how some of the competitors in this market differentiate themselves. The profile maker tries to make results pleasing on this intent. Perceptual rendering is recommended for color separation.</dd> <dt id="saturation"><dfn>Saturation</dfn></dt> <dd>The saturation intent is designed to present eye-catching business graphics by preserving the saturation (colorfulness). It is most useful in charts and diagrams, where there is a discrete palette of colors that the designer wants saturated to make them intense, but where specific hue is less important.</dd> </dl> <p>In practice, photographers almost always use relative or perceptual intent, as for natural images, absolute causes <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_cast" class="mw-redirect" title="Color cast">color cast</a>, while saturation produces unnatural colors. If an entire image is in-gamut, relative is perfect, but when there are out of gamut colors, which is preferable depends on a case-by-case basis. CMMs may offer options for BPC and partial chromatic adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-srgbv4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srgbv4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A black point correction (BPC) is not applied for absolute colorimetric or devicelink profiles. For ICCv4, it is always applied to the perceptual intent.<sup id="cite_ref-ICCv4.4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICCv4.4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> ICCv2 sRGB profiles differ among each other in a number of ways, one of which being whether BPC is applied.<sup id="cite_ref-srgbv4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srgbv4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_management_module">Color management module</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Color management module"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Color matching module</i> (also -<i>method</i> or -<i>system</i>) is a software algorithm that adjusts the numerical values that get sent to or received from different devices so that the perceived color they produce remains consistent. The key issue here is how to deal with a color that cannot be reproduced on a certain device in order to show it through a different device as if it were visually the same color, just as when the reproducible color range between color transparencies and printed matters are different. There is no common method for this process, and the performance depends on the capability of each color matching method. </p><p>Some well known CMMs are <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a>, Adobe CMM, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_CMS" title="Little CMS">Little CMS</a>, and ArgyllCMS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_system_level">Operating system level</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Operating system level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png/330px-Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png/495px-Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png/660px-Colour_profile_viewer_on_KDE_Plasma_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="516"/></a><figcaption>Color profile viewer on <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma 5</a>, showing an ICC color profile</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apple">Apple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Apple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple's</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> operating systems have provided OS-level color management APIs since 1993, through <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a>. macOS has added automatic color management (assuming sRGB for most things) automatically in the OS, but applications can explicitly target other color spaces if they wish to. System wide color management is used in iOS, iPadOS and watchOS as well.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Windows">Windows</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1997 color management in Windows is available through an ICC color management system: ICM (Image Color Management). </p><p>Beginning with <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> introduced a new color architecture known as WCS (<a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Color_System" title="Windows Color System">Windows Color System</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WCS supplements the ICM system in <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, originally written by <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberger_Druckmaschinen" title="Heidelberger Druckmaschinen">Heidelberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apps need to be aware of color management and tag the content appropriately to accurately display colors. Otherwise, (unlike macOS) Windows will display the colors to the maximum extent of the display's gamut, resulting in over-saturated colors on wide-gamut displays.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To fix this issue, Microsoft includes a new feature called "Auto Color Management" since Windows 11 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Windows Photo Viewer</a> from Windows 7 (also included in later Windows versions) performs proper color management, however, the newer <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Windows Photos</a> app in Windows 8, 10, 11 does not perform color management<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until version v2022.31070.26005.0.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Windows components, including <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Microsoft Paint</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Desktop">Windows Desktop</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Explorer">Windows Explorer</a>, do not perform color management.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unfortunately, the vast majority of applications do not use the Windows Color System.<sup id="cite_ref-dpreview.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dpreview.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For applications that do employ color management (typically <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>), color management tend to apply for only images and UI, but not videos. This is because Windows' media player <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> is not color space aware. Thus, browsers (<a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a>) are only able to do color management for images but not video.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the same reason, virtually no video players on Windows support color management (including the default Movies & TV app and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC</a>), with <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Player_Classic_Home_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Media Player Classic Home Cinema">Media Player Classic Home Cinema</a> being a rare exception.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (December 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Android">Android</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Android"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Android, system wide color management is introduced in <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Oreo" title="Android Oreo">Android Oreo 8.1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Color_Management_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Color_Management-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most Android phones are shipped with color management disabled (ex: 'adaptive' color profile on <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Pixel" title="Google Pixel">Google Pixel</a>, 'vivid' color profile on <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy" title="Samsung Galaxy">Samsung Galaxy</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). This oversaturates <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> content to the native display gamut, typically <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a>. Users need to manually select the 'natural' color profile to enable color management, enabling accurate display of sRGB and P3 wide color content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operating systems that use the <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> for graphics can use <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profiles</a>, and support for <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_color_management" title="Linux color management">color management on Linux</a>, still less mature than on other platforms, is coordinated through OpenICC at <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a> and makes use of <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LittleCMS" class="mw-redirect" title="LittleCMS">LittleCMS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_level">File level</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: File level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain image filetypes (<a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a> and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>) include the notion of <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Color channel">color channels</a> for specifying the <i>color mode</i> of the file. The most commonly used channels are <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> (mainly for display (monitors) but also for some desktop printing) and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a> (for commercial printing). An additional <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(digital_image)#Alpha_channel" title="Channel (digital image)"><i>alpha</i> channel</a> may specify a transparency mask value. Some image software (such as <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>) perform automatic <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Color separation">color separation</a> to maintain color information in CMYK mode using a specified <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a> such as <b>US Web Coated (SWOP) v2</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creative_software">Creative software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Creative software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adobe software includes its own color management engine - Adobe Color Engine. It is also available as a separate Color Management Module - Adobe CMM for use by non-Adobe applications that supports 3rd-party CMMs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_browsers">Web browsers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Web browsers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, most <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> ignored color profiles.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable exceptions were <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>, starting with version 2.0, and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</a> starting with version 3. Although disabled by default in Firefox 3.0, ICC v2 and ICC v4 color management could be enabled by using an add-on<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or setting a configuration option.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of July 2019, Safari, Chrome and Firefox fully support color management.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is important to note that most browsers only do color management for images and CSS elements, but not video. </p> <ul><li>Firefox: version 3.5 (released in 2011) onwards supports ICC v2 tagged images,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and version 8.0 (released in 2011) adds ICC v4 profiles support.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Version 89 (released in 2021) and above apply color management to all untagged images and page elements by default.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Internet Explorer: support ICC profiles from version 9 onwards, but only converts non-sRGB images to the sRGB profile, regardless of the actual monitor colorspace.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a>: uses the system provided ICC v2 and v4 support on <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, and from version 22 (released in 2012) supports ICC v2 profiles by default on other platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> macOS versions of Chrome correctly render video.</li> <li>Safari: has support starting with version 2.0 (released in 2005)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Supports v2 and v4 ICC profiles, and correctly renders video.</li> <li>Opera: has support since 12.10 (released in 2012)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for ICC v4.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Moon_(web_browser)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pale Moon (web browser)">Pale Moon</a> supported ICC v2 from its first release, and v4 since Pale Moon 20.2 (released in 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Regarding mobile browsers, Safari 13.1 (on iOS 13.4.1) recognizes the device color profile and can displays images accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#Platforms" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 83</a> (on <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Pie" title="Android Pie">Android 9</a>) ignores the display profile, simply converting all images to sRGB.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#Platforms" title="Google Chrome">Chrome 114</a>, <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Browser" class="mw-redirect" title="Android Browser">Android Browser 114</a> and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox_for_Android" title="Firefox for Android">Firefox for Android 115</a> support multiple colorspaces.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same is valid for their desktop counterparts: Chrome 118, Edge 114, Safari 16.6, Firefox 117 and <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> 100.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">Gamma correction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Color chart</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_printing" title="Digital printing">Digital printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT8" title="IT8">IT8</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Seggern2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seggern2019_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seggern2019_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2023</span>. <q>A DeviceLink profile is always between two color spaces and it does not pass through L*a*b*to do its conversion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pdfa.org&rft.atitle=Why+DeviceLink+profiles+should+interest+you&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.aulast=von+Seggern&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdfa.org%2Fwhy-devicelink-profiles-should-interest-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2313/_index.html">"Technical Note TN2313: Best Practices for Color Management in OS X and iOS"</a>. <i>developer.apple.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+role+of+working+spaces+in+Adobe+applications&rft.series=Technical+Paper&rft.pub=Adobe&rft.aulast=Rodney&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fdigitalimag%2Fpdfs%2Fphscs2ip_colspace.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridgeincolour.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambridgeincolour.com_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridgeincolour.com_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-space-conversion.htm">"Color Management: Color Space Conversion"</a>. <i>www.cambridgeincolour.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cambridgeincolour.com&rft.atitle=Color+Management%3A+Color+Space+Conversion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeincolour.com%2Ftutorials%2Fcolor-space-conversion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rodney-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rodney_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rodney_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodney2005" class="citation book cs1">Rodney, Andrew (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://archive.org/details/colormanagementf00rodn"><i>Color Management for Photographers</i></a></span>. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_Press" title="Focal Press">Focal Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://archive.org/details/colormanagementf00rodn/page/n45">32</a>–33. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-80649-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-80649-2"><bdi>0-240-80649-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Management+for+Photographers&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-240-80649-2&rft.aulast=Rodney&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolormanagementf00rodn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cic-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cic_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-space-conversion.htm">Color Management: Color Space Conversion</a>, Cambridge in Color</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.color.org/specification/ICC1v43_2010-12.pdf">https://www.color.org/specification/ICC1v43_2010-12.pdf</a> ICC Specification ICC.1:2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/soft-proofing.htm">"Soft Proofing: Matching On-Screen Photos with Prints"</a>. <i>www.cambridgeincolour.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cambridgeincolour.com&rft.atitle=Soft+Proofing%3A+Matching+On-Screen+Photos+with+Prints&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeincolour.com%2Ftutorials%2Fsoft-proofing.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-srgbv4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-srgbv4_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-srgbv4_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.color.org/ICC_White_Paper_26_Using_the_V4_sRGB_ICC_profile.pdf">"Using the sRGB_v4_ICC_preference.icc profile"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span 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specification.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Specification+ICC.1%3A2022+%28Profile+version+4.4.0.0%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.color.org%2Fspecification%2FICC.1-2022-05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2313/_index.html">"Technical Note TN2313: Best Practices for Color Management in OS X and iOS"</a>. <i>developer.apple.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=developer.apple.com&rft.atitle=Technical+Note+TN2313%3A+Best+Practices+for+Color+Management+in+OS+X+and+iOS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Flibrary%2Farchive%2Ftechnotes%2Ftn2313%2F_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upton, Steve (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://www.colorwiki.com/wiki/Vista%27s_New_Color_Management_System_-_WCS">Vista's New Color Management System: WCS</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft1997" class="citation web cs1">Microsoft (April 23, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1997/apr97/linopr.mspx">"Microsoft Licenses LinoColorCMM Technology To Improve Color Management in Windows"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Licenses+LinoColorCMM+Technology+To+Improve+Color+Management+in+Windows&rft.date=1997-04-23&rft.au=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fpresspass%2Fpress%2F1997%2Fapr97%2Flinopr.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reader may verify this by examining the <i>Properties</i> of any ICM profile. The <i>Profile Information</i> tab should contain the entry "LinoColorCMM © by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://unfocus.medium.com/windows-color-management-a-rant-b82445fda15">"Windows Color Management, a Rant"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Color+Management%2C+a+Rant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funfocus.medium.com%2Fwindows-color-management-a-rant-b82445fda15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/directx/auto-color-management/">"Advancing the State of Color Management in Windows"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advancing+the+State+of+Color+Management+in+Windows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdirectx%2Fauto-color-management%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.dpreview.com/forums/thread/3901921">"Why do my colours look so different in Windows Photo Viewer?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+do+my+colours+look+so+different+in+Windows+Photo+Viewer%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpreview.com%2Fforums%2Fthread%2F3901921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdFpJFSTMVw">"You're Using Your Monitor WRONG! (Here's How to Fix It)"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=You%27re+Using+Your+Monitor+WRONG%21+%28Here%27s+How+to+Fix+It%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFdFpJFSTMVw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wH9Lk2c6lQ">"3 Free Windows 10 Alternatives Color Managed Image Viewers! (Fix Windows 10 Color Issues)"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=3+Free+Windows+10+Alternatives+Color+Managed+Image+Viewers%21+%28Fix+Windows+10+Color+Issues%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4wH9Lk2c6lQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.asus.com/support/FAQ/1051315/">"[Windows 11] Color Management - Common FAQs for "Microsoft Photos"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BWindows+11%5D+Color+Management+-+Common+FAQs+for+%22Microsoft+Photos%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asus.com%2Fsupport%2FFAQ%2F1051315%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Inuk1aTwyc">"ICC Colour Profiles, AdobeRGB & sRGB, and "Colour Management" on Windows. 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September 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICC+color+management+in+Media+Player+Classic+Home+Cinema&rft.date=2010-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoxelium.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F09%2F20%2Ficc-color-management-in-media-player-classic-home-cinema%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://forum.videolan.org/viewtopic.php?t=149755">"VLC for Mac 2019 - still not color managed! - The VideoLAN Forums"</a>. <i>forum.videolan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=forum.videolan.org&rft.atitle=VLC+for+Mac+2019+-+still+not+color+managed%21+-+The+VideoLAN+Forums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforum.videolan.org%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D149755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.xda-developers.com/samsung-galaxy-s10-display-review/">"Samsung Galaxy S10 Display Review: An ambassador that Android needs"</a>. <i>XDA</i>. March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XDA&rft.atitle=Samsung+Galaxy+S10+Display+Review%3A+An+ambassador+that+Android+needs&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xda-developers.com%2Fsamsung-galaxy-s10-display-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/kb/adobe-color-management-module.html">"Download Adobe Color Management Module"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Download+Adobe+Color+Management+Module&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelpx.adobe.com%2Fphotoshop%2Fkb%2Fadobe-color-management-module.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_ColinKabili,_Jan2005" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Colin; Kabili, Jan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://books.google.com/books?id=I1H0fNcAPHcC&q=web+browsers+ignore+%22icc+profiles%22&pg=PT17"><i>How to Wow: Photoshop CS2 for the Web</i></a>. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press. p. 13. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-39394-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-39394-5"><bdi>0-321-39394-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2008</span>. <q>Many designers choose not to include ICC Profiles with Web files because most Web browsers can't read them and they increase the size of a file.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Wow%3A+Photoshop+CS2+for+the+Web&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Peachpit+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-321-39394-5&rft.au=Smith%2C+Colin&rft.au=Kabili%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1H0fNcAPHcC%26q%3Dweb%2Bbrowsers%2Bignore%2B%2522icc%2Bprofiles%2522%26pg%3DPT17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/color-management/">Color Management add-on</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://web.archive.org/web/20181001183444/https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/color-management/">Archived</a> 2018-10-01 at the <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Sean Hayes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The value <code>gfx.color_management.enabled</code> can be set to "true" in the "<a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About:_URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="About: URI scheme">about:config</a>" file of Firefox since version 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://www.dria.org/wordpress/archives/2008/04/29/633/">Firefox 3: Color profile support (oh the pretty, pretty colors)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://web.archive.org/web/20080501232028/http://www.dria.org/wordpress/archives/2008/04/29/633/">Archived</a> 2008-05-01 at the <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Deb Richardson, Mozilla Corporation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://cameratico.com/guides/web-browser-color-management-guide/">"Web browser color management guide"</a>. <i>cameratico.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cameratico.com&rft.atitle=Web+browser+color+management+guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcameratico.com%2Fguides%2Fweb-browser-color-management-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=463221">"463221 - color reftesting"</a>. <i>bugzilla.mozilla.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bugzilla.mozilla.org&rft.atitle=463221+-+color+reftesting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D463221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=679371">"679371 - Investigate color management test results"</a>. <i>bugzilla.mozilla.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bugzilla.mozilla.org&rft.atitle=679371+-+Investigate+color+management+test+results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D679371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://cameratico.com/color-management/firefox/">"How to configure Firefox color management"</a>. <i>cameratico.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cameratico.com&rft.atitle=How+to+configure+Firefox+color+management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcameratico.com%2Fcolor-management%2Ffirefox%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=143">"143 - Handle color profiles in tagged images - chromium - Monorail"</a>. <i>bugs.chromium.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bugs.chromium.org&rft.atitle=143+-+Handle+color+profiles+in+tagged+images+-+chromium+-+Monorail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugs.chromium.org%2Fp%2Fchromium%2Fissues%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unified/1210/">http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unified/1210/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004948/http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unified/1210/">Archived</a> 2013-07-31 at the <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Opera Changelog 12.10 stable</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://web.archive.org/web/20121004234405/http://my.opera.com/ODIN/blog/whats-new-in-opera-12-10-beta">"Opera Developer News - What's new in Opera 12.10 beta"</a>. October 4, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://my.opera.com/ODIN/blog/whats-new-in-opera-12-10-beta">the original</a> on October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opera+Developer+News+-+What%27s+new+in+Opera+12.10+beta&rft.date=2012-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.opera.com%2FODIN%2Fblog%2Fwhats-new-in-opera-12-10-beta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/http://www.palemoon.org/releasenotes-archived.shtml">"Pale Moon - Release Notes for Archived Versions"</a>. <i>www.palemoon.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.palemoon.org&rft.atitle=Pale+Moon+-+Release+Notes+for+Archived+Versions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palemoon.org%2Freleasenotes-archived.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://www.eizoglobal.com/library/management/color-management-mobile-devices/">"Color Management for Creators - Mobile Devices | EIZO"</a>. <i>www.eizoglobal.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eizoglobal.com&rft.atitle=Color+Management+for+Creators+-+Mobile+Devices+%26%23124%3B+EIZO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eizoglobal.com%2Flibrary%2Fmanagement%2Fcolor-management-mobile-devices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://caniuse.com/css-color-function">"CSS color() function | Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc"</a>. <i>caniuse.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caniuse.com&rft.atitle=CSS+color%28%29+function+%7C+Can+I+use...+Support+tables+for+HTML5%2C+CSS3%2C+etc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaniuse.com%2Fcss-color-function&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser,_BruceBunting,_FredMurphy,_Chris2004" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Bruce; Bunting, Fred; Murphy, Chris (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://archive.org/details/realworldcolorma00fras_0"><i>Real World Color Management</i></a></span>. Berkeley, CA, USA: Peachpit Press. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-77340-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-77340-6"><bdi>0-201-77340-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real+World+Color+Management&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Peachpit+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-201-77340-6&rft.au=Fraser%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Bunting%2C+Fred&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frealworldcolorma00fras_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiorgianni,_Edward_J.Madden,_Thomas_E.1998" class="citation book cs1">Giorgianni, Edward J.; Madden, Thomas E. (1998). <i>Digital Color Management</i>. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63426-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63426-0"><bdi>0-201-63426-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Color+Management&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-201-63426-0&rft.au=Giorgianni%2C+Edward+J.&rft.au=Madden%2C+Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwartz2004" class="citation book cs1">Swartz, Charles S. (2004). <i>Understanding Digital Cinema: A Professional Handbook</i>. Focal Press. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-80617-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-80617-4"><bdi>978-0-240-80617-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Digital+Cinema%3A+A+Professional+Handbook&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-240-80617-4&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorovic2008" class="citation book cs1">Morovic, Jan (2008). <i>Color Gamut Mapping</i>. Wiley. <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-03032-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-03032-5"><bdi>978-0-470-03032-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Gamut+Mapping&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-03032-5&rft.aulast=Morovic&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+management" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_management&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241116232827/https://web.archive.org/web/20111221111848/http://www.normankoren.com/color_management.html">Color management and color science: Introduction</a> by Norman Koren</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Photography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Photography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Photography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Photography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">softbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-focus_lens" title="Long-focus lens">long-focus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel_lens" title="Swivel lens">swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">telephoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)" title="Angle of view (photography)">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion" title="Perspective distortion">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candid_photography" title="Candid photography">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_photography" title="Eclipse photography">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">Monochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruins_photography" title="Ruins photography">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">space selfie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">Toy camera</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenizer_method" title="Brenizer method">Brenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs" title="Hand-colouring of photographs">Hand-colouring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo-fi_photography" title="Lo-fi photography">Lo-fi photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminogram" title="Luminogram">Luminogram</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_photography" title="Pigeon photography">Pigeon photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_burst" title="Zoom burst">Zoom burst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippmann_plate" title="Lippmann plate">Lippmann plate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">Tintype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Bangladesh" title="Photography in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Canada" title="Photography in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_China" title="Photography in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Greece" title="Photography in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_India" title="Photography in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Japan" title="Photography in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Korea" title="Photography in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Luxembourg" title="Photography in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Norway" title="Photography in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_the_Philippines" title="Photography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Serbia" title="Photography in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Turkey" title="Photography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_the_United_States" title="Photography in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Uzbekistan" title="Photography in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_in_Vietnam" title="Photography in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Color management</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br/>processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_photographs" title="List of largest photographs">Largest photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_museums_devoted_to_one_photographer" title="List of museums devoted to one photographer">Museums devoted to one photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photography_periodicals" title="List of photography periodicals">Photography periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_camera#Lomography" title="Toy camera">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaroid_art" title="Polaroid art">Polaroid art</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></span></span> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Photography" title="Category:Photography">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200"/></span></span> <a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_photography" title="Outline of photography">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Color_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Color_topics" title="Template:Color topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Color_topics" title="Template talk:Color topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Color_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Color topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Color_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_science" title="Color science">Color science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow" title="Rainbow">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">Chromophore</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_coloration" title="Structural coloration">Structural coloration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_of_chemicals" title="Color of chemicals">Color of chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_of_water" title="Color of water">Water</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution" title="Spectral power distribution">Spectral power distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Color perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromesthesia" title="Chromesthesia">Chromesthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonochromatism" title="Sonochromatism">Sonochromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_calibration" title="Color calibration">Color calibration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_constancy" title="Color constancy">Color constancy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_task" title="Color task">Color task</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_code" title="Color code">Color code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_vision_test" title="Color vision test">Color vision test</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision" title="Evolution of color vision">Evolution of color vision</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impossible_color" title="Impossible color">Impossible colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamerism_(color)" title="Metamerism (color)">Metamerism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">Opponent process</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_hues" title="Unique hues">Unique hues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy" title="Tetrachromacy">Tetrachromacy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress">The dress</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_psychology" title="Color psychology">Color psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_symbolism" title="Color symbolism">Color symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_preferences" title="Color preferences">Color preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCscher_color_test" title="Lüscher color test">Lüscher color test</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruithof_curve" title="Kruithof curve">Kruithof curve</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">National colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_reproduction" title="Color reproduction">Color reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_cast" title="Colour cast">Color cast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Color management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-primary_color_display" title="Multi-primary color display">Multi-primary color display</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">Color model</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color space</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Color mapping">Color mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/100px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20241116232827im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/200px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_color" title="Philosophy of color">Color<br/>philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">Color scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Color tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic colors">Monochromatic colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary_colors" title="Complementary colors">Complementary colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogous_colors" title="Analogous colors">Analogous colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Achromatic colors (Neutral)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychromatic colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-on-dark_color_scheme" title="Light-on-dark color scheme">Light-on-dark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_mixing" title="Color mixing">Color mixing</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">Primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">Secondary color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">Chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">Color solid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">Color wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">Color triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_analysis" title="Color analysis">Color analysis</a> (fashion)</li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_realism_(art_style)" title="Color realism (art style)">Color realism (art style)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours" title="On Vision and Colours">On Vision and Colours</a></i> (Schopenhauer)</li> <li><i><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> (Goethe)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_term#Basic_color_terms" title="Color term">Basic terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown" title="Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Color_in_culture" title="Category:Color in culture">Cultural differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate" title="Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate">Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_distinction_in_language" title="Blue–green distinction in language">Blue–green distinction in language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Color history <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_in_culture" title="Blue in culture">Blue in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_in_Chinese_culture" title="Color in Chinese culture">Color in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan" title="Traditional colors of Japan">Traditional colors of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color" title="Human skin color">Human skin color</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichromatism" title="Dichromatism">Dichromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">Colorfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastel_(color)" title="Pastel (color)">Pastel colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">Lightness</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">Brightness</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tint,_shade_and_tone" title="Tint, shade and tone">Tint, shade and tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color<br/>organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group" title="Color Marketing Group">Color Marketing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Color Association of the United States">Color Association of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Colour_Authority" title="International Colour Authority">International Colour Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE)</li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Colour_Association" title="International Colour Association">International Colour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of colors: A–F">List of colors: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors:_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of colors: G–M">List of colors: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors:_N%E2%80%93Z" title="List of colors: N–Z">List of colors: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colors (compact)">List of colors (compact)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">List of colors by shade</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">List of color palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses" title="List of color spaces and their uses">List of color spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">List of Crayola crayon colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Crayola_crayons" title="History of Crayola crayons">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Color chart</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_RAL_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RAL colors">List of RAL colors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">List of web colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">Shades of:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Magenta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Contrast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20241116232827/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img 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