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Malhotra</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ravish Malhotra"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ravish Malhotra"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ravish Malhotra"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 39</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ravish Malhotra</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Intermetallic Phases in the Fusion Weld of CP Ti to Stainless Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juzar%20Vohra">Juzar Vohra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravish%20Malhotra"> Ravish Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Pasang"> Tim Pasang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mana%20Azizi"> Mana Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Tao"> Yuan Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masami%20Mizutani">Masami Mizutani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, dissimilar welding of titanium to stainless steels is reported. Laser Beam Welding (LBW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) were employed to join CPTi to SS304. The welds were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). FeTi, Ti2Cr and Fe2Ti dendrites are formed along with beta phase titanium matrix. The hardness values of these phases are high which makes them brittle and leading to cracking along the weld pool. However, it is believed that cracking, hence, fracturing of this weld joint is largely due to the difference in thermal properties of the two alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilar%20metals" title="dissimilar metals">dissimilar metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20welding" title=" fusion welding"> fusion welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallics" title=" intermetallics"> intermetallics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brittle" title=" brittle"> brittle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35283/intermetallic-phases-in-the-fusion-weld-of-cp-ti-to-stainless-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Achievement of Technical Students and Perspective Teachers: A Study of Haryana State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Malhotra">Anu Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra"> Rahul Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review paper is focused on achievement ability analysis of perspective teachers and students of technical education of Haryana. It is well known that women have higher verbal achievement, while men have higher achievement in non-verbal and scientific achievement. Chi-square analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of information and communication technology tools on the scientific, verbal and non-verbal achievement of the controlled and uncontrolled group of 204 students of Haryana. The computed value of expected count, which is more than 5, shows that there is a significant improvement in achievement ability of students of the controlled group when compared to the uncontrolled group. The research analyzes that the Information and communication technology tools play an important role in enhancing student’s achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement" title="achievement">achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perspective%20teacher" title=" perspective teacher"> perspective teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verbal%20achievement" title=" verbal achievement"> verbal achievement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94702/impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-achievement-of-technical-students-and-perspective-teachers-a-study-of-haryana-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Developing Elusive Frame for Creativity, ICT and Teacher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra">Rahul Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Malhotra"> Anu Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veena%20Bana"> Veena Bana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an imperative part in enhancing the quality of life, together with education. This research work is an important consequence to endow with substantiation for the effective use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools for educational rationale. Perspective teachers and students of technical education from various regions of Rajasthan participated in the survey based research work. Condensed from the analysis and interpretations of the data collected from Perspective teachers and students of technical education from various regions of Rajasthan, it is inevitable that use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for educational purpose can augment student’s creativity and achievement ability. The Chi-Square statistics produce the evidence of the effective use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing the creativity and achievement ability of the perspective teachers and students of technical education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title="ICT">ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elusive%20frame" title=" elusive frame "> elusive frame </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35101/developing-elusive-frame-for-creativity-ict-and-teacher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Design and Simulation of All Optical Fiber to the Home Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra">Rahul Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber based access networks can deliver performance that can support the increasing demands for high speed connections. One of the new technologies that have emerged in recent years is Passive Optical Networks. This paper is targeted to show the simultaneous delivery of triple play service (data, voice and video). The comparative investigation and suitability of various data rates is presented. It is demonstrated that as we increase the data rate, number of users to be accommodated decreases due to increase in bit error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title="BER">BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PON" title=" PON"> PON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDMPON" title=" TDMPON"> TDMPON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPON" title=" GPON"> GPON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWDM" title=" CWDM"> CWDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLT" title=" OLT"> OLT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ONT" title=" ONT"> ONT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34879/design-and-simulation-of-all-optical-fiber-to-the-home-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Bit Error Rate Analysis of Multiband OFCDM UWB System in UWB Fading Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20M.%20Gulhane">Sanjay M. Gulhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athar%20Ravish%20Khan"> Athar Ravish Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umesh%20W.%20Kaware"> Umesh W. Kaware</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) has received large attention as a modulation scheme to realize high data rate transmission. Multiband (MB) Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) Ultra Wide Band (UWB) system become promising technique for high data rate due to its large number of advantage over Singleband (UWB) system, but it suffer from coherent frequency diversity problem. In this paper we have proposed MB-OFCDM UWB system, in which two-dimensional (2D) spreading (time and frequency domain spreading), has been introduced, combining OFDM with 2D spreading, proposed system can provide frequency diversity. This paper presents the basic structure and main functions of the MB-OFCDM system, and evaluates the bit error rate BER performance of MB-OFDM and MB-OFCDM system under UWB indoor multi-path channel model. It is observe that BER curve of MB-OFCDM UWB improve its performance by 2dB as compare to MB-OFDM UWB system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MB-OFDM%20UWB%20system" title="MB-OFDM UWB system">MB-OFDM UWB system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MB-OFCDM%20UWB%20system" title=" MB-OFCDM UWB system"> MB-OFCDM UWB system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB%20IEEE%20channel%20model" title=" UWB IEEE channel model"> UWB IEEE channel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3112/bit-error-rate-analysis-of-multiband-ofcdm-uwb-system-in-uwb-fading-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Analysis of Delivery of Quad Play Services </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra">Rahul Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Sharma"> Anurag Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber based access networks can deliver performance that can support the increasing demands for high speed connections. One of the new technologies that have emerged in recent years is Passive Optical Networks. This paper is targeted to show the simultaneous delivery of triple play service (data, voice, and video). The comparative investigation and suitability of various data rates is presented. It is demonstrated that as we increase the data rate, number of users to be accommodated decreases due to increase in bit error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTTH" title="FTTH">FTTH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quad%20play" title=" quad play"> quad play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play%20service" title=" play service"> play service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20networks" title=" access networks"> access networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20rate" title=" data rate"> data rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14687/analysis-of-delivery-of-quad-play-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Investigation of Delivery of Triple Play Service in GE-PON Fiber to the Home Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Sharma">Anurag Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar"> Dinesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra"> Rahul Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Kumar"> Manoj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber based access networks can deliver performance that can support the increasing demands for high speed connections. One of the new technologies that have emerged in recent years is Passive Optical Networks. This paper is targeted to show the simultaneous delivery of triple play service (data, voice and video). The comparative investigation and suitability of various data rates is presented. It is demonstrated that as we increase the data rate, number of users to be accommodated decreases due to increase in bit error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title="BER">BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PON" title=" PON"> PON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDMPON" title=" TDMPON"> TDMPON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPON" title=" GPON"> GPON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWDM" title=" CWDM"> CWDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLT" title=" OLT"> OLT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ONT" title=" ONT"> ONT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4036/investigation-of-delivery-of-triple-play-service-in-ge-pon-fiber-to-the-home-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">733</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Biomedical Waste Management an Unsung Hero</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20Madan">Preeti Madan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shalini%20Malhotra"> Shalini Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirmaljit%20Kaur"> Nirmaljit Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charoo%20Hans"> Charoo Hans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VK%20Sabarwal"> VK Sabarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hospital is one of the most diverse and complex institutions frequented by people from every walk of life without any distinction between age, sex, gender, religion or intellect. This is over and above the normal inhabitant of hospital i.e. doctors, patients, and paramedical staff. The hospital waste generated 85% is non hazardous, 10% infectious and around 5% are non-infectious but hazardous waste. The management of biomedical waste is still in its infancy. There is a lot of confusion with the problems among the generators, operators, decision makers, and general community about the safe management of biomedical waste prompt action initiated to seek new scientific, safe, and cost-effective management of waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20waste" title="biomedical waste">biomedical waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nosocomial%20infection" title=" nosocomial infection"> nosocomial infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitals" title=" hospitals"> hospitals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22522/biomedical-waste-management-an-unsung-hero" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Performance Analysis of Next Generation OCDM-RoF-Based Hybrid Network under Diverse Conditions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Sharma">Anurag Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra"> Rahul Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Love%20Kumar"> Love Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjit%20Pal%20Singh"> Harjit Pal Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper demonstrates OCDM-ROF based hybrid architecture where data/voice communication is enabled via a permutation of Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) and Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) techniques under various diverse conditions. OCDM-RoF hybrid network of 16 users with DPSK modulation format has been designed and performance of proposed network is analyzed for 100, 150, and 200 km fiber span length under the influence of linear and nonlinear effect. It has been reported that Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) has the least effect while other nonlinearity affects the performance of proposed network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCDM" title="OCDM">OCDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RoF" title=" RoF"> RoF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPSK" title=" DPSK"> DPSK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMD" title=" PMD"> PMD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20diagram" title=" eye diagram"> eye diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%20factor" title=" Q factor"> Q factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16352/performance-analysis-of-next-generation-ocdm-rof-based-hybrid-network-under-diverse-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Enhancement of Hydrophobicity of Thermally Evaporated Bi Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravish%20K.%20Jain">Ravish K. Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatinder%20Kaur"> Jatinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaira%20Arora"> Shaira Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar"> Arun Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Chawla"> Amit K. Chawla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Khanna"> Atul Khanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface-dependent properties such as hydrophobicity can be modified significantly by oblique angle deposition technique. Bi thin films were studied for their hydrophobic nature. The effects of oblique angle deposition on structural, surface morphology, electrical and wettability properties of Bi thin films have been studied and a comparison of these physical properties of normally deposited and obliquely deposited Bi films has been carried out in this study. X-ray diffraction studies found that films have highly oriented hexagonal crystal structure and crystallite size is smaller for obliquely deposited (70 nm) film as compared to that of the normally deposited film (111 nm). Raman spectra of the films consist of peaks corresponding to E_g and A_1g first-order Raman modes of bismuth. The atomic force and scanning electron microscopy studies show that the surface roughness of obliquely deposited film is higher as compared to that of normally deposited film. Contact angle measurements revealed that both films are strongly hydrophobic in nature with the contact angles of 105ᵒ and 119ᵒ for normally and obliquely deposited films respectively. Oblique angle deposition enhances the hydrophobicity of the film. The electrical conductivity of the film is significantly reduced by oblique angle deposition. The activation energies for electrical conduction were determined by four-probe measurements and are 0.016 eV and 0.018 eV for normally and obliquely deposited films respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi%20thin%20films" title="bi thin films">bi thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20angle%20deposition" title=" oblique angle deposition"> oblique angle deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97326/enhancement-of-hydrophobicity-of-thermally-evaporated-bi-thin-films-by-oblique-angle-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Devising a Paradigm for the Assessment of Guilt across Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trisha%20S.%20Malhotra">Trisha S. Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While there exist frameworks to study the induction, manifestation, duration and general nature of emotions like shame, guilt, embarrassment and pride in humans, the same cannot be said for other species. This is because such 'complex' emotions have situational inductions and manifestations that supposedly vary due to differences between and within different species' ethology. This paper looks at the socio-adaptive functions of guilt to posit why this emotion might be observed across varying species. Primarily, the experimental paradigm of guilt-assessment in domesticated dogs is critiqued for lack of ethological consideration in its measurement and analysis. It is argued that a paradigm for guilt-assessment should measure the species-specific prosocial approach behavior instead of the immediate feedback of the 'guilty'. Finally, it is asserted that the origin of guilt is subjective and if it must be studied across a plethora of species, its definition must be tailored to fit accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guilt" title="guilt">guilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dogs" title=" dogs"> dogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosocial%20approach%20behavior" title=" prosocial approach behavior"> prosocial approach behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empathy" title=" empathy"> empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species" title=" species"> species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethology" title=" ethology"> ethology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104123/devising-a-paradigm-for-the-assessment-of-guilt-across-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Comparative Analysis of Geographical Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Malhotra">Rahul Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of wireless sensor networks (WSN) engages a lot of associates in the research community as an interdisciplinary field of interest. This type of network is inexpensive, multifunctionally attributable to advances in micro-electromechanical systems and conjointly the explosion and expansion of wireless communications. A mobile ad hoc network is a wireless network without fastened infrastructure or federal management. Due to the infrastructure-less mode of operation, mobile ad-hoc networks are gaining quality. During this work, we have performed an efficient performance study of the two major routing protocols: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols. We have used an accurate simulation model supported NS2 for this purpose. Our simulation results showed that AODV mitigates the drawbacks of the DSDV and provides better performance as compared to DSDV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing%20protocol" title="routing protocol">routing protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title=" MANET"> MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=On%20Demand%20Distance%20Vector%20Routing" title=" On Demand Distance Vector Routing"> On Demand Distance Vector Routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title=" DSR"> DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dynamic%20Source%20Routing" title=" Dynamic Source Routing"> Dynamic Source Routing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94683/comparative-analysis-of-geographical-routing-protocol-in-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Assessment of the Validity of Sentiment Analysis as a Tool to Analyze the Emotional Content of Text</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trisha%20Malhotra">Trisha Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sentiment analysis is a recent field of study that computationally assesses the emotional nature of a body of text. To assess its test-validity, sentiment analysis was carried out on the emotional corpus of text from a personal 15-day mood diary. Self-reported mood scores varied more or less accurately with daily mood evaluation score given by the software. On further assessment, it was found that while sentiment analysis was good at assessing ‘global’ mood, it was not able to ‘locally’ identify and differentially score synonyms of various emotional words. It is further critiqued for treating the intensity of an emotion as universal across cultures. Finally, the software is shown not to account for emotional complexity in sentences by treating emotions as strictly positive or negative. Hence, it is posited that a better output could be two (positive and negative) affect scores for the same body of text. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diary" title=" diary"> diary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mood" title=" mood"> mood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment" title=" sentiment"> sentiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104122/assessment-of-the-validity-of-sentiment-analysis-as-a-tool-to-analyze-the-emotional-content-of-text" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Importance of Ethics in Cloud Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Malhotra">Pallavi Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the importance of ethics in cloud computing. In the modern society, cloud computing is offering individuals and businesses an unlimited space for storing and processing data or information. Most of the data and information stored in the cloud by various users such as banks, doctors, architects, engineers, lawyers, consulting firms, and financial institutions among others require a high level of confidentiality and safeguard. Cloud computing offers centralized storage and processing of data, and this has immensely contributed to the growth of businesses and improved sharing of information over the internet. However, the accessibility and management of data and servers by a third party raise concerns regarding the privacy of clients’ information and the possible manipulations of the data by third parties. This document suggests the approaches various stakeholders should take to address various ethical issues involving cloud-computing services. Ethical education and training is key to all stakeholders involved in the handling of data and information stored or being processed in the cloud. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20ethics" title="IT ethics">IT ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing%20technology" title=" cloud computing technology"> cloud computing technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20privacy%20and%20security" title=" cloud privacy and security"> cloud privacy and security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20education" title=" ethical education"> ethical education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89975/importance-of-ethics-in-cloud-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Malhotra">Anu Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An Ad-hoc network is one that is an autonomous, self configuring network made up of mobile nodes connected via wireless links. Ad-hoc networks often consist of nodes, mobile hosts (MH) or mobile stations (MS, also serving as routers) connected by wireless links. Different routing protocols are used for data transmission in between the nodes in an adhoc network. In this paper two protocols (OLSR and AODV) are analyzed on the basis of two parameters i.e. time delay and throughput with different data rates. On the basis of these analysis, we observed that with same data rate, AODV protocol is having more time delay than the OLSR protocol whereas throughput for the OLSR protocol is less compared to the AODV protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing%20adhoc" title="routing adhoc">routing adhoc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20hosts" title=" mobile hosts"> mobile hosts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20stations" title=" mobile stations"> mobile stations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLSR%20protocol" title=" OLSR protocol"> OLSR protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV%20protocol" title=" AODV protocol"> AODV protocol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14695/evaluation-of-routing-protocols-in-mobile-adhoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Methodology for Obtaining Food Licenses in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rathna%20Malhotra%20Gaur">Rathna Malhotra Gaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to multiplicity and competition in the Indian food industry, it was always important for the government of India to bring in reforms that would protect the interest of the consumer and also the food operator. To further this objective, Food Safety, and Standards Act, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as FSSAI) was enacted for laying down science-based standards for articles and food and to regulate their storage, distribution, manufacture, same and import and to ensure safe food availability to the citizens of India. One of the safeguards towards consumer interest is the enactment of Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses, Regulation, 2011 within the mandate of FSSAI. It is mandatory for every food operator in India to get the registration certificate and procurement of food Licenses before starting operations in the country. All the nuances pertaining to the procurement of licenses are dealt with under these regulations. These regulations also lay down detailed provisions with regard to the conditions that the operator has to adhere to once the License is procured, going to the integrities of the safety and hygiene standards to be maintained by the food operators. This paper is an exhaustive effort to examine the provisions of obtaining the registration and License in India and the conditions that need to be fulfilled subsequently and further on the validity and renewal of these Food Licenses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20laws" title="food laws">food laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20licenses" title=" food licenses"> food licenses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20registration" title=" food registration"> food registration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalty" title=" penalty"> penalty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141893/methodology-for-obtaining-food-licenses-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Geographic Information System for District Level Energy Performance Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avichal%20Malhotra">Avichal Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerome%20Frisch"> Jerome Frisch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20van%20Treeck"> Christoph van Treeck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The utilization of semantic, cadastral and topological data from geographic information systems (GIS) has exponentially increased for building and urban-scale energy performance simulations. Urban planners, simulation scientists, and researchers use virtual 3D city models for energy analysis, algorithms and simulation tools. For dynamic energy simulations at city and district level, this paper provides an overview of the available GIS data models and their levels of detail. Adhering to different norms and standards, these models also intend to describe building and construction industry data. For further investigations, CityGML data models are considered for simulations. Though geographical information modelling has considerably many different implementations, extensions of virtual city data can also be made for domain specific applications. Highlighting the use of the extended CityGML models for energy researches, a brief introduction to the Energy Application Domain Extension (ADE) along with its significance is made. Consequently, addressing specific input simulation data, a workflow using Modelica underlining the usage of GIS information and the quantification of its significance over annual heating energy demand is presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CityGML" title="CityGML">CityGML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EnergyADE" title=" EnergyADE"> EnergyADE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20performance%20simulation" title=" energy performance simulation"> energy performance simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107577/geographic-information-system-for-district-level-energy-performance-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> An Empirical Evaluation of Performance of Machine Learning Techniques on Imbalanced Software Quality Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruchika%20Malhotra">Ruchika Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megha%20Khanna"> Megha Khanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of change prediction models can help the software practitioners in planning testing and inspection resources at early phases of software development. However, a major challenge faced during the training process of any classification model is the imbalanced nature of the software quality data. A data with very few minority outcome categories leads to inefficient learning process and a classification model developed from the imbalanced data generally does not predict these minority categories correctly. Thus, for a given dataset, a minority of classes may be change prone whereas a majority of classes may be non-change prone. This study explores various alternatives for adeptly handling the imbalanced software quality data using different sampling methods and effective MetaCost learners. The study also analyzes and justifies the use of different performance metrics while dealing with the imbalanced data. In order to empirically validate different alternatives, the study uses change data from three application packages of open-source Android data set and evaluates the performance of six different machine learning techniques. The results of the study indicate extensive improvement in the performance of the classification models when using resampling method and robust performance measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20proneness" title="change proneness">change proneness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20validation" title=" empirical validation"> empirical validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalanced%20learning" title=" imbalanced learning"> imbalanced learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning%20techniques" title=" machine learning techniques"> machine learning techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-oriented%20metrics" title=" object-oriented metrics"> object-oriented metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41990/an-empirical-evaluation-of-performance-of-machine-learning-techniques-on-imbalanced-software-quality-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Application of Bioreactors in Regenerative Dentistry: Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Malhotra">Neeraj Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Bioreactors in tissue engineering are used as devices that apply mechanical means to influence biological processes. They are commonly employed for stem cell culturing, growth and expansion as well as in 3D tissue culture. Contemporarily there use is well established and is tested extensively in the medical sciences, for tissue-regeneration and tissue engineering of organs like bone, cartilage, blood vessels, skin grafts, cardiac muscle etc. Methodology: Literature search, both electronic and hand search, was done using the following MeSH and keywords: bioreactors, bioreactors and dentistry, bioreactors & dental tissue engineering, bioreactors and regenerative dentistry. Articles published only in English language were included for review. Results: Bioreactors like, spinner flask-, rotating wall-, flow perfusion-, and micro-bioreactors and in-vivo bioreactor have been employed and tested for the regeneration of dental and like-tissues. These include gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, mucosa, cementum and blood vessels. Based on their working dynamics they can be customized in future for regeneration of pulp tissue and whole tooth regeneration. Apart from this, they have been successfully used in testing the clinical efficacy and biological safety of dental biomaterials. Conclusion: Bioreactors have potential use in testing dental biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches aimed at regenerative dentistry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioreactors" title="bioreactors">bioreactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20process" title=" biological process"> biological process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20stimulation" title=" mechanical stimulation"> mechanical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20dentistry" title=" regenerative dentistry"> regenerative dentistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title=" stem cells"> stem cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80359/application-of-bioreactors-in-regenerative-dentistry-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Using Audit Tools to Maintain Data Quality for ACC/NCDR PCI Registry Abstraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikrum%20Malhotra">Vikrum Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manpreet%20Kaur"> Manpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Ghotto"> Ayesha Ghotto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cardiac registries such as ACC Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Registry require high quality data to be abstracted, including data elements such as nuclear cardiology, diagnostic coronary angiography, and PCI. Introduction: The audit tool created is used by data abstractors to provide data audits and assess the accuracy and inter-rater reliability of abstraction performed by the abstractors for a health system. This audit tool solution has been developed across 13 registries, including ACC/NCDR registries, PCI, STS, Get with the Guidelines. Methodology: The data audit tool was used to audit internal registry abstraction for all data elements, including stress test performed, type of stress test, data of stress test, results of stress test, risk/extent of ischemia, diagnostic catheterization detail, and PCI data elements for ACC/NCDR PCI registries. This is being used across 20 hospital systems internally and providing abstraction and audit services for them. Results: The data audit tool had inter-rater reliability and accuracy greater than 95% data accuracy and IRR score for the PCI registry in 50 PCI registry cases in 2021. Conclusion: The tool is being used internally for surgical societies and across hospital systems. The audit tool enables the abstractor to be assessed by an external abstractor and includes all of the data dictionary fields for each registry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abstraction" title="abstraction">abstraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20registry" title=" cardiac registry"> cardiac registry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20registry" title=" cardiovascular registry"> cardiovascular registry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=registry" title=" registry"> registry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148403/using-audit-tools-to-maintain-data-quality-for-accncdr-pci-registry-abstraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Practice among Patients Attending Dental Institution: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Gupta">Vinay Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Malhotra"> Seema Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Patients who usually consume tobacco are unaware of its ill effects completely therefore it becomes necessary to educate and counselling them after obtaining their knowledge about tobacco. Aim: To measure prevalence of tobacco use among dental outpatients and to evaluation of tobacco user attending dental outpatients (OPD) prepared to quit. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, which was carried out on patients attending Outside Patient Department (OPD) of dental college of King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India. All the patients who consumed tobacco attending the Dental College were asked to participate in the study. The questionnaire was written in English/ Hindi (local language). Participation in this study was voluntary and the questionnaire was anonymous and self-administered. The proposal of this survey had been approved by the ethical committee of institution. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Results: Prevalence of tobacco user attending the Dental OPD was 46.4%. Male tobacco user represented 85.9%. Smokeless tobacco (57%) user were more than smoking (1.4%) and 18.9% were using both smokeless and smoking tobacco. 40.7% start using tobacco since less than 5 years. 55.3% uses tobacco after get up in the morning. 87.1% tobacco user knows that it cause cancer. 54.8% respond that warning sign on packet/pouch effect on mind but due to addiction, it would not work out. 54.8% attempted for quitting but not successful. 90.0% willing to quit in future if facility provide. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of tobacco usage among study population and will to quit in future shows need of cessation clinic in every dental institution in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobacco" title="tobacco">tobacco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counselling" title=" counselling"> counselling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88690/prevalence-of-tobacco-use-and-practice-among-patients-attending-dental-institution-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Development of selective human matrix metalloproteinases-9 (hMMP-9) inhibitors as potent diabetic wound healing agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetakshi%20Arora">Geetakshi Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danish%20Malhotra"> Danish Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetic wounds are serious health issues and often fail to heal, leading to limb amputation that makes the life of the patient miserable. Delayed wound healing has been characterized by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Thus research throughout the world has been going on to develop selective MMP-9 inhibitors for aiding diabetic wound healing. Bioactive constituents from natural sources always served as potential leads in drug development with high rates of success. Considering the need for novel selective MMP-9 inhibitors and the importance of natural bioactive compounds in drug development, we have screened a library of bioactive constituents from plant sources that were effective in diabetic wound healing on human MMP-9 (hMMP-9) using molecular docking studies. Screened constituents are ranked according to their dock score, ∆G value (binding affinity), and Ligand efficiency evaluated from FleXX docking and Hyde scoring modules available with drug designing platform LeadIT. Rhamnocitrin showed the highest correlation between dock score, ∆G value (binding affinity), and Ligand efficiency was further explored for binding interactions with hMMP-9. The overall study suggest that Rhamnocitrin is sufficiently decorated with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substitutions that perfectly block hMMP-9 and act as a potential lead in the design and development of selective hMMP-9 inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMP-9" title="MMP-9">MMP-9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20wound" title=" diabetic wound"> diabetic wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoconstituents" title=" phytoconstituents"> phytoconstituents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155307/development-of-selective-human-matrix-metalloproteinases-9-hmmp-9-inhibitors-as-potent-diabetic-wound-healing-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Design of a Permanent Magnet Based Focusing Lens for a Miniature Klystron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumud%20Singh">Kumud Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janvin%20Itteera"> Janvin Itteera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Ukarde"> Priti Ukarde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Malhotra"> Sanjay Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20PMarathe"> P. PMarathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayan%20Bandyopadhay"> Ayan Bandyopadhay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Meena"> Rakesh Meena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikram%20Rawat"> Vikram Rawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Joshi"> L. M. Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of Permanent magnet technology to high frequency miniature klystron tubes to be utilized for space applications improves the efficiency and operational reliability of these tubes. But nevertheless the task of generating magnetic focusing forces to eliminate beam divergence once the beam crosses the electrostatic focusing regime and enters the drift region in the RF section of the tube throws several challenges. Building a high quality magnet focusing lens to meet beam optics requirement in cathode gun and RF interaction region is considered to be one of the critical issues for these high frequency miniature tubes. In this paper, electromagnetic design and particle trajectory studies in combined electric and magnetic field for optimizing the magnetic circuit using 3D finite element method (FEM) analysis software is presented. A rectangular configuration of the magnet was constructed to accommodate apertures for input and output waveguide sections and facilitate coupling of electromagnetic fields into the input klystron cavity and out from output klystron cavity through coupling loops. Prototype lenses have been built and have been tested after integration with the klystron tube. We discuss the design requirements and challenges, and the results from beam transmission of the prototype lens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20transmission" title="beam transmission">beam transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brillouin" title=" Brillouin"> Brillouin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20flow" title=" confined flow"> confined flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniature%20klystron" title=" miniature klystron "> miniature klystron </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35550/design-of-a-permanent-magnet-based-focusing-lens-for-a-miniature-klystron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Effect of Clinical Parameters on Strength of Reattached Tooth Fragment in Anterior Teeth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Malhotra">Neeraj Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramya%20Shenoy"> Ramya Shenoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To assess the effect of clinical parameters (bonding agent, preparation design & storage media) on the strength of reattached anterior tooth fragment. Methodology: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis for articles referred from MEDLINE, PUBMED, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. The articles on tooth reattachment and clinical factors affecting fracture strength/bond strength/fracture resistance of the reattached tooth fragment in anterior teeth and published in English from 1999 to 2016 were included for final review. Results: Out of 120 shortlisted articles, 28 articles were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis based on 3 clinical parameters i.e. bonding agent, tooth preparation design & storage media. Forest plot & funnel plots were generated based on individual clinical parameter and their effect on strength of reattached anterior tooth fragment. Results based on analysis suggest combination of both conclusive evidence favoring the experimental group as well as in-conclusive evidence for individual parameter. Conclusion: There is limited evidence as there are fewer articles supporting each parameter in human teeth. Bonding agent had showed better outcome in selected studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonding%20agent" title="bonding agent">bonding agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20strength" title=" fracture strength"> fracture strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation%20design" title=" preparation design"> preparation design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reattachment" title=" reattachment"> reattachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20media" title=" storage media"> storage media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80832/effect-of-clinical-parameters-on-strength-of-reattached-tooth-fragment-in-anterior-teeth-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Deciphering Electrochemical and Optical Properties of Folic Acid for the Applications of Tissue Engineering and Biofuel Cell </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharda%20Nara">Sharda Nara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bansi%20Dhar%20Malhotra"> Bansi Dhar Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investigation of the vitamins as an electron transfer mediator could significantly assist in merging the area of tissue engineering and electronics required for the implantable therapeutic devices. The present study report that the molecules of folic acid released by Providencia rettgeri via fermentation route under the anoxic condition of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) exhibit characteristic electrochemical and optical properties, as indicated by absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and cyclic voltammetry studies. The absorption spectroscopy has depicted an absorption peak at 263 nm with a small bulge around 293 nm on day two of bacterial culture, whereas an additional peak was observed at 365 nm on the twentieth day. Furthermore, the PL spectra has indicated that the maximum emission occurred at various wavelengths 420, 425, 440, and 445 nm when excited by 310, 325, 350, and 365 nm. The change of emission spectra with varying excitation wavelength might be indicating the presence of tunable optical bands in the folic acid molecules co-related with the redox activity of the molecules. The results of cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that the oxidation and reduction occurred at 0.25V and 0.12V, respectively, indicating the electrochemical behavior of the folic acid. This could be inferred that the released folic acid molecules in a MFC might undergo inter as well as intra molecular electron transfer forming different intermediate states while transferring electrons to the electrode surface. Synchronization of electrochemical and optical properties of folic acid molecules could be potentially promising for the designing of electroactive scaffold and biocompatible conductive surface for the applications of tissue engineering and biofuel cells, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel%20cell" title="biofuel cell">biofuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroactivity" title=" electroactivity"> electroactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folic%20acid" title=" folic acid"> folic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering "> tissue engineering </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130686/deciphering-electrochemical-and-optical-properties-of-folic-acid-for-the-applications-of-tissue-engineering-and-biofuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Efficacy and Safety of Probiotic Treatment in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Malhotra">Samir Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajan%20K.%20Khandotra"> Rajan K. Khandotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20K.%20Dhiman"> Rakesh K. Dhiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Chadha"> Neelam Chadha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is paucity of data about safety and efficacy of probiotic treatment on patient outcomes in cirrhosis. Specifically, it is important to know whether probiotics can improve mortality, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), number of hospitalizations, ammonia levels, quality of life, and adverse events. Probiotics may improve outcomes in patients with acute or chronic HE. However, it is also important to know whether probiotics can prevent development of HE, even in situations where patients do not have acute HE at the time of administration. It is also important to know if probiotics are useful as primary prophylaxis of HE. We aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of probiotics in patients with cirrhosis. We searched PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, SCI, Google Scholar, conference proceedings, and references of included studies till June 2017 to identify randomised clinical trials comparing probiotics with other treatments in cirrhotics. Data was analyzed using MedCalc. Probiotics had no effect on mortality but significantly reduced HE (14 trials, 1073 patients, OR 0.371; 95% CI 0.282 to 0.489). There was not enough data to conduct a meta-analysis on outcomes like hospitalizations and quality of life. The effect on plasma ammonia levels was not significant (SMD -0.429; 95%CI -1.034 – 0.177). There was no difference in adverse events. To conclude, although the included studies had a high risk of bias, the available evidence does suggest a beneficial effect on HE. Larger studies with longer periods of follow-up are needed to determine if probiotics can reduce all-cause mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cirrhosis" title="cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatic%20encephalopathy" title=" hepatic encephalopathy"> hepatic encephalopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76915/efficacy-and-safety-of-probiotic-treatment-in-patients-with-liver-cirrhosis-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anit%20S.%20Malhotra">Anit S. Malhotra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Duseja"> Ajay Duseja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Chadha"> Neelam Chadha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor to atherosclerosis, and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery is the commonest method to evaluate endothelial function in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders encountered in clinical practice. An earlier meta-analysis had quantitatively assessed the degree of endothelial dysfunction using FMD. However, the largest study investigating the relation of FMD with NAFLD was published after that meta-analysis. In addition, that meta-analysis did not include some studies, including one from our centre. Therefore, an updating the previous meta-analysis was considered important. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, SCI, Google Scholar, conference proceedings, and references of included studies till June 2017 to identify observational studies evaluating endothelial function using FMD in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Data was analyzed using MedCalc. Fourteen studies were found eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Patients with NAFLD had lower brachial artery FMD as compared to controls, standardized mean difference (random effects model) being –1.279%; 95% confidence interval (CI), –1.478 to –0.914. The effect size became smaller after addition of the recent study with the largest sample size was included compared with the earlier meta-analysis. In conclusion, patients with NAFLD had low FMD values indicating that they are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease although our results suggest the effect size is not as large as reported previously. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endothelial%20dysfunction" title="endothelial dysfunction">endothelial dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow-mediated%20dilatation" title=" flow-mediated dilatation"> flow-mediated dilatation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-alcoholic%20fatty%20liver%20disease" title=" non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"> non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76914/endothelial-dysfunction-in-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-an-updated-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Impact of Digitization and Diversification in Reducing Volatility in Art Markets </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishi%20Malhotra">Nishi Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Art has developed as a mode of investment and saving. Art and culture of any nation is the source of foreign direct investment (FDI) generation and growth development. Several intermediaries and skill-building organizations thrive on at and culture for their earnings. Indian art market has grown to Rs. 2000 Crores. Art establishment houses access to privileged information is the main reason for arbitrariness and volatility in the market. The commercialization of art and development of the markets with refinement in the taste of the customers have led to the development of art as an investment avenue. Investors keen on investing in these products can do so, and earnings from art are taxable too, like any other capital asset. This research paper is aimed at exploring the role of art and culture as an investment avenue in India and reasons for increasing volatilities in the art market. Based on an extensive literature review and secondary research, a benchmarking study has been conducted to capture the growth of the art as an investment avenue. These studies indicate that during the financial crisis of 2008-10, the art emerged as an alternative investment avenue. The paper aims at discussing the financial engineering of various art funds and instruments. Based on secondary data available from Sotheby’s, Christies, Bonham, there is a positive correlation between strategic diversification and increasing return in the Art market. Similarly, digitization has led to disintermediation in the art markets and also helped to increase the market base. The data clearly enumerates the growing interest of the Indian investor towards art as an investment option. Much like any other broad asset class, art market too thrives on excess returns provided by diversification. Many financial intermediaries and art funds have emerged, to offer valuable investment planning advisory to a genuine investor. This paper clearly highlights the increasing returns of strategic diversification and its impact on reducing volatility in the art markets. Moreover, with coming up of e-auctions and websites, investors are able to analyse art more objectively. Digitization and commercialization of art have definitely helped in reducing volatility in world art markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art" title="art">art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment%20avenue" title=" investment avenue"> investment avenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversification" title=" diversification"> diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitization" title=" digitization"> digitization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110872/impact-of-digitization-and-diversification-in-reducing-volatility-in-art-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Experimental Investigation on the Role of Thermoacoustics on Soot Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambit%20Supriya%20Dash">Sambit Supriya Dash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Ravi%20R"> Rahul Ravi R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikram%20Ramanan"> Vikram Ramanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Malhotra"> Vinayak Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion in itself is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction and interplay of multiple phenomena, the combined effect of which gives rise to the common flame that we see and use in our daily life applications from cooking to propelling our vehicles to space. The most important thing that goes unnoticed about these flames is the effect of the various phenomena from its surrounding environment that affects its behavior and properties. These phenomena cause a variety of energy interactions that lead to various types of energy transformations which in turn affect the flame behavior. This paper focuses on experimentally investigating the effect of one such phenomenon, which is the acoustics or sound energy on diffusion flames. The subject in itself is extensively studied upon as thermo-acoustics globally, whereas the current work focuses on studying its effect on soot formation on diffusion flames. The said effect is studied in this research work by the use of a butane as fuel, fitted with a nozzle that houses 3 arrays consisting of 4 holes each that are placed equidistant to each other and the resulting flame impinged with sound from two independent and similar sound sources that are placed equidistant from the centre of the flame. The entire process is systematically video graphed using a 60 fps regular CCD and analysed for variation in flame heights and flickering frequencies where the fuel mass flow rate is maintained constant and the configuration of entrainment holes and frequency of sound are varied, whilst maintaining constant ambient atmospheric conditions. The current work establishes significant outcomes on the effect of acoustics on soot formation; it is noteworthy that soot formation is the main cause of pollution and a major cause of inefficiency of current propulsion systems. This work is one of its kinds, and its outcomes are widely applicable to commercial and domestic appliances that utilize combustion for energy generation or propulsion and help us understand them better, so that we can increase their efficiency and decrease pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustics" title="thermoacoustics">thermoacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrainment" title=" entrainment"> entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propulsion%20system" title=" propulsion system"> propulsion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95303/experimental-investigation-on-the-role-of-thermoacoustics-on-soot-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Intermittent Effect of Coupled Thermal and Acoustic Sources on Combustion: A Spatial Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Gajjar">Pallavi Gajjar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Malhotra"> Vinayak Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rockets have been known to have played a predominant role in spacecraft propulsion. The quintessential aspect of combustion-related requirements of a rocket engine is the minimization of the surrounding risks/hazards. Over time, it has become imperative to understand the combustion rate variation in presence of external energy source(s). Rocket propulsion represents a special domain of chemical propulsion assisted by high speed flows in presence of acoustics and thermal source(s). Jet noise leads to a significant loss of resources and every year a huge amount of financial aid is spent to prevent it. External heat source(s) induce high possibility of fire risk/hazards which can sufficiently endanger the operation of a space vehicle. Appreciable work had been done with justifiable simplification and emphasis on the linear variation of external energy source(s), which yields good physical insight but does not cater to accurate predictions. Present work experimentally attempts to understand the correlation between inter-energy conversions with the non-linear placement of external energy source(s). The work is motivated by the need to have better fire safety and enhanced combustion. The specific objectives of the work are a) To interpret the related energy transfer for combustion in presence of alternate external energy source(s) viz., thermal and acoustic, b) To fundamentally understand the role of key controlling parameters viz., separation distance, the number of the source(s), selected configurations and their non-linear variation to resemble real-life cases. An experimental setup was prepared using incense sticks as potential fuel and paraffin wax candles as the external energy source(s). The acoustics was generated using frequency generator, and source(s) were placed at selected locations. Non-equidistant parametric experimentation was carried out, and the effects were noted on regression rate changes. The results are expected to be very helpful in offering a new perspective into futuristic rocket designs and safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title="combustion">combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20energy" title=" acoustic energy"> acoustic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20energy%20sources" title=" external energy sources"> external energy sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20rate" title=" regression rate"> regression rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102008/intermittent-effect-of-coupled-thermal-and-acoustic-sources-on-combustion-a-spatial-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span 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