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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="جورج سبنسر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج سبنسر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_John_Spencer,_2._hrab%C4%9B_Spencer" title="George John Spencer, 2. hrabě Spencer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George John Spencer, 2. hrabě Spencer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer,_2._Earl_Spencer" title="George Spencer, 2. Earl Spencer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Spencer, 2. Earl Spencer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer" title="George Spencer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Spencer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer_(2e_comte_Spencer)" title="George Spencer (2e comte Spencer) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Spencer (2e comte Spencer)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer,_II_conte_Spencer" title="George Spencer, II conte Spencer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Spencer, II conte Spencer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%89)" title="جورج سبنسر (سياسى من مملكه بريطانيا العظمى) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج سبنسر (سياسى من مملكه بريطانيا العظمى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC_(%E7%AC%AC2%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5)" title="ジョージ・スペンサー (第2代スペンサー伯爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・スペンサー (第2代スペンサー伯爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer,_2._jarl_Spencer" title="George Spencer, 2. jarl Spencer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Spencer, 2. jarl Spencer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer_(hrabia)" title="George Spencer (hrabia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Spencer (hrabia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer,_2.%C2%BA_Conde_Spencer" title="George Spencer, 2.º Conde Spencer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Spencer, 2.º Conde Spencer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6,_2-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Спенсер, Джордж, 2-й граф Спенсер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спенсер, Джордж, 2-й граф Спенсер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer,_2:e_earl_Spencer" title="George Spencer, 2:e earl Spencer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Spencer, 2:e earl Spencer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E8%B3%93%E8%B3%BD%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%B3%93%E8%B3%BD" title="第二代史賓賽伯爵喬治·史賓賽 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二代史賓賽伯爵喬治·史賓賽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British government minister (1758–1834)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Earl Spencer</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Spencer%2C_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg/200px-George_Spencer%2C_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Spencer%2C_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg/300px-George_Spencer%2C_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Spencer%2C_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg/400px-George_Spencer%2C_2nd_Earl_Spencer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Lord Spencer by <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a>, 1800.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 February 1806 – 25 March 1807</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">The Lord Grenville</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">The Lord Hawkesbury</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">The Lord Hawkesbury</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 1794 – January 1801</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Pitt,_2nd_Earl_of_Chatham" title="John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham">John Pitt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Jervis,_1st_Earl_of_St_Vincent" title="John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent">Earl St Vincent</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1758-09-01</span>)</span>1 September 1758<br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 November 1834<span style="display:none">(1834-11-10)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Althorp" title="Althorp">Althorp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whig_(British_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whig (British political party)">Whig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Spencer,_Countess_Spencer" title="Lavinia Spencer, Countess Spencer">Lady Lavinia Bingham</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1781; died 1831)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lyttelton,_Baroness_Lyttelton" title="Sarah Lyttelton, Baroness Lyttelton">Sarah Lyttelton, Baroness Lyttelton</a></li> <li>Hon. Richard Spencer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cavendish_Spencer" title="Robert Cavendish Spencer">Robert Cavendish Spencer</a></li> <li>Hon. William Spencer</li> <li>Lady Harriet Spencer</li> <li>Lady Georgiana Quin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Spencer,_4th_Earl_Spencer" title="Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer">Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Spencer" title="Ignatius Spencer">Father Ignatius Spencer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_1st_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer">John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Spencer,_Countess_Spencer" title="Georgiana Spencer, Countess Spencer">Margaret Georgiana Poyntz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span></span> (1 September 1758 – 10 November 1834), styled <b>Viscount Althorp</b> from 1765 to 1783, was a British <a href="/wiki/Whig_(British_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whig (British political party)">Whig</a> politician. He served as <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> from 1806 to 1807 in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_All_the_Talents" title="Ministry of All the Talents">Ministry of All the Talents</a>. He was also the father of <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Spencer" title="Ignatius Spencer">the Venerable Father Ignatius of St Paul</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> convert to the priesthood. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_education">Background and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg/150px-George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg/225px-George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg/300px-George_John_Spencer_2nd_Earl_Spencer_1774_76.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, portrait in oil by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>, 1774 - 1776</figcaption></figure> <p>Lord Spencer was born at <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Park_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimbledon Park House">Wimbledon Park House</a>, London, the son of <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_1st_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer">John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer</a>, and his wife <a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Spencer,_Countess_Spencer" title="Georgiana Spencer, Countess Spencer">Margaret Georgiana Poyntz</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Poyntz" title="Stephen Poyntz">Stephen Poyntz</a>, and was baptised there on 16 October 1758. His godparents were <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">King George II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/William_Clavering-Cowper,_2nd_Earl_Cowper" title="William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper">Earl Cowper</a> (his grandmother's second husband) and his great-aunt the Dowager <a href="/wiki/Viscountess_Bateman" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountess Bateman">Viscountess Bateman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His sister <a href="/wiki/Georgiana,_Duchess_of_Devonshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire">Lady Georgiana Spencer</a> married the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_5th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire">Duke of Devonshire</a> and became a famed Whig hostess. He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow School</a> from 1770 to 1775 and he won the school's <i>Silver Arrow</i> (an archery prize) in 1771. He then attended <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, from 1776 to 1778 and graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He acceded to the earldom on the death of his father in 1783.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke1833_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke1833-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lord Spencer was Whig <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Northampton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton</a> from 1780 to 1782 and Whig MP for <a href="/wiki/Surrey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)">Surrey</a> from 1782 to 1783. He was sworn of the <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Council</a> in 1794 and served under <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> in 1794 and as <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> from 1794 to 1801. He was later <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> from 1806 to 1807 under <a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_All_the_Talents" title="Ministry of All the Talents">Ministry of All the Talents</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_public_positions">Other public positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other public positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lord Spencer was also High Steward of <a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a> from 1783 to 1807, Mayor of St Albans in 1790, President of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution" title="Royal Institution">Royal Institution</a> from 1813 to 1825 and Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Record_Commission" title="Record Commission">Public Records</a> in 1831. He became a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in 1780<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a> in 1785.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> in 1799.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 18 February 1793, he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_lieutenant" title="Deputy lieutenant">deputy lieutenant</a> of Northamptonshire.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book_collecting">Book collecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Book collecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spencer was known for an interest in literature, particularly <a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">early examples of printing</a>. He was the instigator and first President of the exclusive, bibliophilic <a href="/wiki/Roxburghe_Club" title="Roxburghe Club">Roxburghe Club</a> founded in 1812. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibliotheca_Spenceriana;_or,_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John,_earl_Spencer_(1814)_(14595730909).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bibliotheca_Spenceriana%3B_or%2C_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John%2C_earl_Spencer_%281814%29_%2814595730909%29.jpg/220px-Bibliotheca_Spenceriana%3B_or%2C_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John%2C_earl_Spencer_%281814%29_%2814595730909%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bibliotheca_Spenceriana%3B_or%2C_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John%2C_earl_Spencer_%281814%29_%2814595730909%29.jpg/330px-Bibliotheca_Spenceriana%3B_or%2C_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John%2C_earl_Spencer_%281814%29_%2814595730909%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bibliotheca_Spenceriana%3B_or%2C_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John%2C_earl_Spencer_%281814%29_%2814595730909%29.jpg/440px-Bibliotheca_Spenceriana%3B_or%2C_A_descriptive_catalogue_of_the_library_of_George_John%2C_earl_Spencer_%281814%29_%2814595730909%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2354" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption>The St Christopher <a href="/wiki/Blockprint" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockprint">blockprint</a>, dated 1423</figcaption></figure> <p>Spencer's tens of thousands of volumes included the most nearly complete collection of <a href="/wiki/Aldine_Press" title="Aldine Press">Aldine editions</a> ever brought together. It was acquired in 1892 by <a href="/wiki/Enriqueta_Rylands" class="mw-redirect" title="Enriqueta Rylands">Enriqueta Rylands</a> for the <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands Library">John Rylands Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and catalogued by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Margaret_Cooke" title="Alice Margaret Cooke">Alice Margaret Cooke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-perrone_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perrone-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manuscripts of Spencer's collection are relatively few; one has pasted into it a St Christopher block print dated 1423.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1789 to 1818 Earl Spencer employed Tomaso d'Ocheda, an Italian, as his librarian; he had until 1789 been the librarian of Pierre-Antoine Bolongaro-Crevenna.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> was in the process of the <a href="/wiki/German_Mediatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="German Mediatisation">secularization of religious houses in southern Germany</a>, Spencer used the local British agent and <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine monk">Benedictine monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Horn" title="Alexander Horn">Alexander Horn</a>, to acquire many of their rare books and manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rev. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frognall_Dibdin" title="Thomas Frognall Dibdin">Thomas Frognall Dibdin</a>, a Church of England clergyman and bibliographer, wrote the first of many bibliographical works: <i>Introduction to the Knowledge of Editions of the Classics</i> (1802), which brought him to the notice of Earl Spencer, to whom he owed important aid in his bibliographical pursuits. The rich library at Althorp was thrown open to him; he spent much time there and in 1814–1815 published <i>Bibliotheca Spenceriana</i>. As the library was not open to the public, the information was found useful, but as its author was unable even to read the characters in which the books he described were written, it was marred by errors, as were almost all his productions. In 1818 Dibdin was commissioned by Earl Spencer to buy books for him on the continent, an expedition described in his sumptuous <i>Bibliographical, Antiquarian and Picturesque Tour in France and Germany</i> (1821). He also wrote <i>Aedes Althorpianae</i>, an account of Althorp giving many details of the library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reynolds_-_Lavinia,_Countess_Spencer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Reynolds_-_Lavinia%2C_Countess_Spencer.jpg/200px-Reynolds_-_Lavinia%2C_Countess_Spencer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Reynolds_-_Lavinia%2C_Countess_Spencer.jpg/300px-Reynolds_-_Lavinia%2C_Countess_Spencer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Reynolds_-_Lavinia%2C_Countess_Spencer.jpg/400px-Reynolds_-_Lavinia%2C_Countess_Spencer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>Lady Lavinia Bingham, 1781 (<a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Lord Spencer married <a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Bingham,_Countess_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavinia Bingham, Countess Spencer">Lady Lavinia Bingham</a> (1762–1831), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bingham,_1st_Earl_of_Lucan" title="Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan">Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan</a>, on 6 March 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke1833_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke1833-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had nine children: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer</a> (1782–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lyttelton,_Baroness_Lyttelton" title="Sarah Lyttelton, Baroness Lyttelton">Lady Sarah Spencer</a> (1787–1870), who married <a href="/wiki/William_Lyttelton,_3rd_Baron_Lyttelton" title="William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton">William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton</a>, and had issue</li> <li>Hon. Richard Spencer (1789–1791) died in infancy.</li> <li>Captain Hon. <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Cavendish_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer">Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer</a> (1791–1830), died unmarried at sea.</li> <li>Hon. William Spencer (born and died 1792), died in infancy.</li> <li>Lady Harriet Spencer (born and died 1793), died in infancy.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_(1794-1823)_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_%281794-1823%29_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg/100px-Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_%281794-1823%29_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_%281794-1823%29_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg/150px-Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_%281794-1823%29_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_%281794-1823%29_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg/200px-Georgiana_Charlotte_Quin_%281794-1823%29_by_Henry_Pierce_Bone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Georgiana Charlotte (<a href="/wiki/Henry_Pierce_Bone" title="Henry Pierce Bone">Henry Pierce Bone</a>)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Lady Georgiana Charlotte Spencer (1794–1823), married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_George_Quin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord George Quin (page does not exist)">Lord George Quin</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taylour,_1st_Marquess_of_Headfort" title="Thomas Taylour, 1st Marquess of Headfort">Thomas Taylour, 1st Marquess of Headfort</a>, and had issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Spencer,_4th_Earl_Spencer" title="Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer">Vice-Admiral Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer</a> (1798–1857)</li> <li>Very Reverend Hon. George Spencer (later known as <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Spencer" title="Ignatius Spencer">The Venerable Father Ignatius Spencer</a>) (1799–1864), a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> convert who was declared <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">Venerable</a> on 20 February 2021</li></ul> <p>Lady Spencer died in June 1831, aged 68. Lord Spencer survived her by three years and died in November 1834, aged 76, at Althorp, and was buried in the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Great_Brington" title="Great Brington">Great Brington</a> on 19 November of that year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spencer_jacket">Spencer jacket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spencer jacket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)" title="Spencer (clothing)">Spencer</a>, a type of short jacket from which the UK military <a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">mess jacket</a> is derived, is named after George Spencer,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reportedly because he had a tail-coat adapted after its tails were burned by coals from a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/90px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/135px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg/180px-Coronet_of_a_British_Earl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spencer_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Spencer_Arms.svg/100px-Spencer_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Spencer_Arms.svg/150px-Spencer_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Spencer_Arms.svg/200px-Spencer_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Coronet</dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet of an Earl</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>Out of a Ducal Coronet Or a Griffin's Head Azure gorged with a Bar Gemelle Gules between two Wings expanded of the second</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a Fret Or over all on a Bend Sable three Escallops of the first</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>Dexter: A Griffin per fess Ermine and Erminois gorged with a Collar Sable the edges flory-counterflory and chained of the last and on the Collar three Escallops Argent; Sinister: A Wyvern Erect on his tail Ermine similarly collared and chained</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Dieu Defend Le Droit (God defend the right)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_of_Sunderland" title="Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland">Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="John Spencer (British politician)">The Hon. John Spencer</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Spencer,_Countess_of_Sunderland_(1683-1716)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Spencer, Countess of Sunderland (1683-1716)">Lady Anne Churchill</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_1st_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer">John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/John_Carteret,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville">John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. Lady Georgina Carolina Carteret</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Frances Worsley</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. William Poyntz</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. Stephen Poyntz</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Jane Monteage</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Georgiana_Poyntz,_Countess_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, Countess Spencer">Margaret Georgiana Poyntz</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. Hon. Lewis Mordaunt</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Anna Maria Mordaunt</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Mary Collyer</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gulf" title="Spencer Gulf">Spencer Gulf</a>, Australia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-environs/vol1/pp519-540">"Wimbledon Pages 519-540 The Environs of London: Volume 1, County of Surrey. Originally published by T Cadell and W Davies, London, 1792"</a>. <i>British History Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+History+Online&rft.atitle=Wimbledon+Pages+519-540+The+Environs+of+London%3A+Volume+1%2C+County+of+Surrey.+Originally+published+by+T+Cadell+and+W+Davies%2C+London%2C+1792.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Flondon-environs%2Fvol1%2Fpp519-540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Spencer%2C+2nd+Earl+Spencer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADSPNR776GJ" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=SPNR776GJ&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Spencer, George John, Viscount Althorp (SPNR776GJ)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spencer%2C+George+John%2C+Viscount+Althorp+%28SPNR776GJ%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DSPNR776GJ%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Spencer%2C+2nd+Earl+Spencer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke1833-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burke1833_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burke1833_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1833" class="citation book cs1">Burke, John (1833). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yeo8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA466"><i>A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire</i></a>. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. p. 466.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+General+and+Heraldic+Dictionary+of+the+Peerage+and+Baronetage+of+the+British+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=H.+Colburn+and+R.+Bentley&rft.date=1833&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyeo8AQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Spencer%2C+2nd+Earl+Spencer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette13708" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/13708/page/987">"No. 13708"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 27 September 1794. p. 987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+13708&rft.pages=987&rft.date=1794-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F13708%2Fpage%2F987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Spencer%2C+2nd+Earl+Spencer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony Lister (1989), "The Althorp Library... its Formation and Growth". In: <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_John_Rylands_University_Library_of_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester">Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester</a></i>, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 67–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perrone-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-perrone_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernanda Helen Perrone, 'Cooke, Alice Margaret (1867–1940)', <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>, Oxford University Press, 2004 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/62414,">accessed 26 December 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. G. Duff, ed. <i>Catalogue of the Printed Books and Manuscripts in the John Rylands Library, Manchester</i>. 3 vols, Manchester: J. E. Cornish, 1899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lister (1989), p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Dilworth, 'Horn, Alexander (1762–1820)’, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>, Oxford University Press, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Spencer, n.2, 2". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/186258"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spencer%2C+n.2%2C+2&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F186258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Spencer%2C+2nd+Earl+Spencer" class="Z3988"></span> <i>OED states that the jacket is named after the earl but does not suggest why.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402081803/http://www.spencerofalthorp.com/heritage/unique-family/george-john-second-earl-spencer">"George John, Second Earl Spencer"</a>. Althorp. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spencerofalthorp.com/heritage/unique-family/george-john-second-earl-spencer">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+John%2C+Second+Earl+Spencer&rft.pub=Althorp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spencerofalthorp.com%2Fheritage%2Funique-family%2Fgeorge-john-second-earl-spencer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Spencer%2C+2nd+Earl+Spencer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024165310/http://leighrayment.com/">Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages </a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (February 2012)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2012)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215181722/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons.htm">Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Spencer,_2nd_Earl_Spencer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer">George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-george-spencer-2">contributions in Parliament by George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer</a></li> <li>Lister, Anthony (1989) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2217&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF">"The Althorp Library of Second Earl Spencer, now in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester: its formation and growth".</a> (published in: <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_John_Rylands_University_Library_of_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester">Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester</a></i>; vol. 71, no. 2 (summer 1989), pp. 67–86 )</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilbraham_Tollemache,_6th_Earl_of_Dysart" title="Wilbraham Tollemache, 6th Earl of Dysart">Hon. Wilbraham Tollemache</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Robinson,_5th_Baronet" title="Sir George Robinson, 5th Baronet">Sir George Robinson, Bt</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Northampton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton (UK Parliament constituency)">Member of Parliament for Northampton</a> </b><br />1780–1783 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_2nd_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 2nd Baron Rodney">George Rodney</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_2nd_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 2nd Baron Rodney">George Rodney</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bingham,_1st_Earl_of_Lucan" title="Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan">The Lord Lucan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Mawbey,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Mawbey, 1st Baronet">Sir Joseph Mawbey, Bt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Keppel,_1st_Viscount_Keppel" title="Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel">Hon. Augustus Keppel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Surrey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)">Member of Parliament for Surrey</a> </b><br />1783 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Mawbey,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Mawbey, 1st Baronet">Sir Joseph Mawbey, Bt</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Joseph_Mawbey,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joseph Mawbey, 1st Baronet">Sir Joseph Mawbey, Bt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Clayton,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Clayton, 3rd Baronet">Sir Robert Clayton, Bt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Marquess_of_Stafford" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford">The Marquess of Stafford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> </b><br />1794 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Pitt,_2nd_Earl_of_Chatham" title="John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham">The Earl of Chatham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Pitt,_2nd_Earl_of_Chatham" title="John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham">The Earl of Chatham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> </b><br />1794–1801 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Jervis,_1st_Earl_of_St_Vincent" title="John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent">The Earl of St Vincent</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">The Lord Hawkesbury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for the Home Department">Home Secretary</a> </b><br />1806–1807 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">The Lord Hawkesbury</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain" title="Peerage of Great Britain">Peerage of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_1st_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer">John Spencer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_Spencer_(peerage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Spencer (peerage)">Earl Spencer</a> </b><br />1783–1834 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">John Charles Spencer</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Secretaries" title="Template:Home Secretaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Secretaries" title="Template talk:Home Secretaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Secretaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Secretaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Home_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham,_2nd_Earl_of_Chichester" title="Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Philip_Yorke" title="Charles Philip Yorke">Yorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ryder_(politician,_born_1766)" title="Richard Ryder (politician, born 1766)">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Sidmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sturges_Bourne" title="William Sturges Bourne">Sturges Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ponsonby,_4th_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough">Duncannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Phipps,_1st_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="Constantine Phipps, 1st Marquess of Normanby">Normanby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Graham,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._S._Sotheron-Estcourt" title="T. H. S. Sotheron-Estcourt">Sotheron-Estcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Grey,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Horatio_Walpole" title="Spencer Horatio Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathorne_Gathorne-Hardy,_1st_Earl_of_Cranbrook" title="Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Cross,_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._A._Cross,_1st_Viscount_Cross" title="R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Matthews,_1st_Viscount_Llandaff" title="Henry Matthews, 1st Viscount Llandaff">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_White_Ridley,_1st_Viscount_Ridley" title="Matthew White Ridley, 1st Viscount Ridley">Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_Akers-Douglas,_1st_Viscount_Chilston" title="Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston">Akers-Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gladstone,_1st_Viscount_Gladstone" title="Herbert Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cave,_1st_Viscount_Cave" title="George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shortt" title="Edward Shortt">Shortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeman,_1st_Viscount_Bridgeman" title="William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman">Bridgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joynson-Hicks,_1st_Viscount_Brentford" title="William Joynson-Hicks, 1st Viscount Brentford">Joynson-Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Gilmour,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet">Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Somervell,_Baron_Somervell_of_Harrow" title="Donald Somervell, Baron Somervell of Harrow">Somervell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe,_1st_Earl_of_Kilmuir" title="David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir">Maxwell-Fyfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwilym_Lloyd_George" title="Gwilym Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Cumnor" title="Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Soskice" title="Frank Soskice">Soskice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlyn_Rees" title="Merlyn Rees">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Waddington" title="David Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">K. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">C. Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Smith" title="Jacqui Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Shapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suella_Braverman" title="Suella Braverman">Braverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Cooper</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_Crown_%26_Garter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/100px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/150px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/200px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Lords_of_the_Admiralty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Lords_of_the_Admiralty" title="Template:First Lords of the Admiralty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Lords_of_the_Admiralty" title="Template talk:First Lords of the Admiralty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Lords_of_the_Admiralty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Lords of the Admiralty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Lords_of_the_Admiralty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lords of the Admiralty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">of England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">The Earl of Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bertie,_1st_Earl_of_Lindsey" title="Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey">The Earl of Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Percy,_10th_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland">The Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">The Lord Cottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Capell,_Baron_Capell_of_Tewkesbury" title="Henry Capell, Baron Capell of Tewkesbury">Sir Henry Capell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_2nd_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham">The Earl of Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Torrington" title="Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington">The Earl of Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herbert,_8th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke">The Earl of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_3rd_Baron_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis">The Lord Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cary,_5th_Viscount_Falkland" title="Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland">The Viscount Falkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">The Earl of Orford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton,_3rd_Earl_of_Bridgewater" title="John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater">The Earl of Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herbert,_8th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke">The Earl of Pembroke</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">of Great Britain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">The Earl of Orford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leake" title="John Leake">Sir John Leake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth,_1st_Earl_of_Strafford_(1672%E2%80%931739)" title="Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1672–1739)">The Earl of Strafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">The Earl of Orford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Berkeley,_3rd_Earl_of_Berkeley" title="James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley">The Earl of Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Torrington" title="George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington">The Viscount Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wager" title="Charles Wager">Sir Charles Wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_8th_Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea">The Earl of Winchilsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_4th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford">The Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">The Earl of Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Anson,_1st_Baron_Anson" title="George Anson, 1st Baron Anson">The Lord Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grenville-Temple,_2nd_Earl_Temple" title="Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple">The Earl Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_8th_Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea">The Earl of Winchilsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Anson,_1st_Baron_Anson" title="George Anson, 1st Baron Anson">The Lord Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montagu-Dunk,_2nd_Earl_of_Halifax" title="George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax">The Earl of Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">George Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">The Earl of Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perceval,_2nd_Earl_of_Egmont" title="John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont">The Earl of Egmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Saunders_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Charles Saunders (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Charles Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hawke,_1st_Baron_Hawke" title="Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke">Sir Edward Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">The Earl of Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Keppel,_1st_Viscount_Keppel" title="Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel">The Viscount Keppel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">The Viscount Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Keppel,_1st_Viscount_Keppel" title="Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel">The Viscount Keppel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">The Viscount Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pitt,_2nd_Earl_of_Chatham" title="John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham">The Earl of Chatham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Earl Spencer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">of the United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jervis,_1st_Earl_of_St_Vincent" title="John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent">The Earl of St Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">The Viscount Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Middleton,_1st_Baron_Barham" title="Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham">The Lord Barham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Viscount Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grenville" title="Thomas Grenville">Thomas Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Phipps,_1st_Earl_of_Mulgrave" title="Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave">The Lord Mulgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Philip_Yorke" title="Charles Philip Yorke">Charles Philip Yorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dundas,_2nd_Viscount_Melville" title="Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville">The Viscount Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">The Duke of Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dundas,_2nd_Viscount_Melville" title="Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville">The Viscount Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Graham,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet">Sir James Graham, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">The Lord Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Grey,_2nd_Earl_de_Grey" title="Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey">The Earl de Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">The Lord Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_2nd_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto">The Earl of Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hamilton,_9th_Earl_of_Haddington" title="Thomas Hamilton, 9th Earl of Haddington">The Earl of Haddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Earl_of_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough">The Earl of Ellenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">The Earl of Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baring,_1st_Baron_Northbrook" title="Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook">Sir Francis Baring, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Percy,_4th_Duke_of_Northumberland" title="Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland">The Duke of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Graham,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet">Sir James Graham, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood,_1st_Viscount_Halifax" title="Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax">Sir Charles Wood, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pakington,_1st_Baron_Hampton" title="John Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton">Sir John Pakington, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_St_Maur,_12th_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edward St Maur, 12th Duke of Somerset">The Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pakington,_1st_Baron_Hampton" title="John Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton">Sir John Pakington, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lowry-Corry_(1803%E2%80%931873)" title="Henry Lowry-Corry (1803–1873)">Henry Lowry-Corry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Hugh Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">George Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ward_Hunt" title="George Ward Hunt">George Ward Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">William Henry Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baring,_1st_Earl_of_Northbrook" title="Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook">The Earl of Northbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">The Marquess of Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">The Earl Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">George Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Palmer,_2nd_Earl_of_Selborne" title="William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne">The Earl of Selborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Campbell,_3rd_Earl_Cawdor" title="Frederick Campbell, 3rd Earl Cawdor">The Earl Cawdor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Marjoribanks,_2nd_Baron_Tweedmouth" title="Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth">The Lord Tweedmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">Reginald McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Geddes" title="Eric Geddes">Sir Eric Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lee,_1st_Viscount_Lee_of_Fareham" title="Arthur Lee, 1st Viscount Lee of Fareham">The Viscount Lee of Fareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Amery" title="Leo Amery">Leo Amery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">The Viscount Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bridgeman,_1st_Viscount_Bridgeman" title="William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman">The Viscount Bridgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">A. V. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Sir Austen Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Eyres-Monsell,_1st_Viscount_Monsell" title="Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell">The Viscount Monsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duff_Cooper" title="Duff Cooper">Duff Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_7th_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope">The Earl Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">A. V. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bracken" title="Brendan Bracken">Brendan Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">A. V. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hall,_1st_Viscount_Hall" title="George Hall, 1st Viscount Hall">The Viscount Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Lord Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas,_1st_Viscount_Cilcennin" title="James Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennin">Viscount Cilcennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">The Viscount Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Douglas-Hamilton,_10th_Earl_of_Selkirk" title="George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk">The Earl of Selkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">The Lord Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jellicoe,_2nd_Earl_Jellicoe" title="George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe">The Earl Jellicoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/101164548">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88132834">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spencer, George John"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V275596">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810681729205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/277085">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278140505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21547512">Belgium</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14120278">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/840207">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd101164548.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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