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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZK1E8XKBLT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZK1E8XKBLT'); </script>  <title>WebElements Periodic Table » Europium » properties of compounds</title> <meta name="Description" content="This WebElements periodic table page contains properties of compounds for the element europium"> <meta name="keywords" content="europium, lattice energies, energy, bond enthalpy, bond energy, Standard Reduction Potentials, diatomic bond energies, chemistry, periodic table, periodic chart, periodic system, chemical elements, chemical, webelements, web-elements, Sheffield, science, element, elements, metal, gas, atoms"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_newlands/pure/pure-min.css" type="text/css"> 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</tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="samarium" href="../samarium/compound_properties.html">Sm</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f">Eu</th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="gadolinium" href="../gadolinium/compound_properties.html">Gd</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="plutonium" href="../plutonium/compound_properties.html">Pu</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="americium" href="../americium/compound_properties.html">Am</a></th> <th class="navpanel-f"><a title="curium" href="../curium/compound_properties.html">Cm</a></th> </tr> </table> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item v"> <div class="element_select_centre"><a class="imagelink" title="Switch to a different element from here" href="../index.html"><img class="" src="../_media/locs/Eu-loc.png" alt="Europium location" /></a> </div> </li>  <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../actinium/compound_properties.html">Actinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/compound_properties.html">Aluminium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../aluminium/compound_properties.html">Aluminum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../americium/compound_properties.html">Americium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../antimony/compound_properties.html">Antimony</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../argon/compound_properties.html">Argon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../arsenic/compound_properties.html">Arsenic</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../astatine/compound_properties.html">Astatine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../barium/compound_properties.html">Barium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../berkelium/compound_properties.html">Berkelium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../beryllium/compound_properties.html">Beryllium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bismuth/compound_properties.html">Bismuth</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../bohrium/compound_properties.html">Bohrium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../boron/compound_properties.html">Boron</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../bromine/compound_properties.html">Bromine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cadmium/compound_properties.html">Cadmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/compound_properties.html">Caesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../calcium/compound_properties.html">Calcium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../californium/compound_properties.html">Californium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../carbon/compound_properties.html">Carbon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../cerium/compound_properties.html">Cerium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../caesium/compound_properties.html">Cesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../chlorine/compound_properties.html">Chlorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../chromium/compound_properties.html">Chromium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../cobalt/compound_properties.html">Cobalt</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copernicium/compound_properties.html">Copernicium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../copper/compound_properties.html">Copper</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../curium/compound_properties.html">Curium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../darmstadtium/compound_properties.html">Darmstadtium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../dubnium/compound_properties.html">Dubnium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../dysprosium/compound_properties.html">Dysprosium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../einsteinium/compound_properties.html">Einsteinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../erbium/compound_properties.html">Erbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../europium/compound_properties.html">Europium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../fermium/compound_properties.html">Fermium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../flerovium/compound_properties.html">Flerovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../fluorine/compound_properties.html">Fluorine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../francium/compound_properties.html">Francium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../gadolinium/compound_properties.html">Gadolinium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../gallium/compound_properties.html">Gallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../germanium/compound_properties.html">Germanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../gold/compound_properties.html">Gold</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hafnium/compound_properties.html">Hafnium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../hassium/compound_properties.html">Hassium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../helium/compound_properties.html">Helium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../holmium/compound_properties.html">Holmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../hydrogen/compound_properties.html">Hydrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../indium/compound_properties.html">Indium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../iodine/compound_properties.html">Iodine</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../iridium/compound_properties.html">Iridium</a></li> <li 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href="../magnesium/compound_properties.html">Magnesium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../manganese/compound_properties.html">Manganese</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../meitnerium/compound_properties.html">Meitnerium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../mendelevium/compound_properties.html">Mendelevium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../mercury/compound_properties.html">Mercury</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../molybdenum/compound_properties.html">Molybdenum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../moscovium/compound_properties.html">Moscovium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neodymium/compound_properties.html">Neodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../neon/compound_properties.html">Neon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../neptunium/compound_properties.html">Neptunium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../nickel/compound_properties.html">Nickel</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nihonium/compound_properties.html">Nihonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../niobium/compound_properties.html">Niobium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../nitrogen/compound_properties.html">Nitrogen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../nobelium/compound_properties.html">Nobelium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oganesson/compound_properties.html">Oganesson ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../osmium/compound_properties.html">Osmium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../oxygen/compound_properties.html">Oxygen</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../palladium/compound_properties.html">Palladium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../phosphorus/compound_properties.html">Phosphorus</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../platinum/compound_properties.html">Platinum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../plutonium/compound_properties.html">Plutonium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../polonium/compound_properties.html">Polonium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../potassium/compound_properties.html">Potassium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../praseodymium/compound_properties.html">Praseodymium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../promethium/compound_properties.html">Promethium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../protactinium/compound_properties.html">Protactinium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../radium/compound_properties.html">Radium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../radon/compound_properties.html">Radon ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhenium/compound_properties.html">Rhenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rhodium/compound_properties.html">Rhodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../roentgenium/compound_properties.html">Roentgenium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../rubidium/compound_properties.html">Rubidium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../ruthenium/compound_properties.html">Ruthenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../rutherfordium/compound_properties.html">Rutherfordium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../samarium/compound_properties.html">Samarium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../scandium/compound_properties.html">Scandium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../seaborgium/compound_properties.html">Seaborgium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../selenium/compound_properties.html">Selenium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../silicon/compound_properties.html">Silicon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../silver/compound_properties.html">Silver</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../sodium/compound_properties.html">Sodium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link s" href="../strontium/compound_properties.html">Strontium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/compound_properties.html">Sulfur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../sulfur/compound_properties.html">Sulphur</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tantalum/compound_properties.html">Tantalum</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../technetium/compound_properties.html">Technetium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tellurium/compound_properties.html">Tellurium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tennessine/compound_properties.html">Tennessine ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../terbium/compound_properties.html">Terbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../thallium/compound_properties.html">Thallium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thorium/compound_properties.html">Thorium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../thulium/compound_properties.html">Thulium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../tin/compound_properties.html">Tin</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../titanium/compound_properties.html">Titanium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../tungsten/compound_properties.html">Tungsten</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../uranium/compound_properties.html">Uranium ☢</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../vanadium/compound_properties.html">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/compound_properties.html">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/compound_properties.html">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/compound_properties.html">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/compound_properties.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/compound_properties.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Eu.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Europium - <sub>63</sub>Eu</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Eu.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button f_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Europium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Європій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 銪</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Europium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Europium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Europium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 אירופיום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Europio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 ユウロピウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Európio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Europio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Europium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Европий</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="f">Europium - <sub><small>63</small></sub>Eu: properties of compounds</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a href="../europium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Eu Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../europium/contents.html">List all Eu properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <p class="p_first">The <a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_bond/" title="View definition of diatomic bond enthalpy">bond energy in the gaseous diatomic species</a> EuEu is 33.5 ±17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <h2 class="f">Europium: bond enthalpies in gaseous diatomic species</h2> <p class="p_first">The following values refer to neutral heterodiatomic molecules in the gas phase. These numbers may well differ considerably from, say, single bond energies in a solid. All values are given in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table pure-table-striped"> <caption><strong>Diatomic EuX bond enthalpies. All values are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</strong> Each formula in the table (EuO, EuF, and so on) is a link - select these to see visual periodicity representations for bond enthalpies involving europium to elements of your choice.</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MH/">EuH</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MHe/">EuHe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MLi/">EuLi</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBe/">EuBe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MB/">EuB</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MC/">EuC</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MN/">EuN</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MO/">EuO</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MF/">EuF</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MNe/">EuNe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>66.9 ±2.9</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>479 ±10</td> <td>544</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MNa/">EuNa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MMg/">EuMg</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MAl/">EuAl</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSi/">EuSi</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MP/">EuP</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MS/">EuS</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MCl/">EuCl</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MAr/">EuAr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>362.3 ±13.0</td> <td>about 326</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MK/">EuK</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MCa/">EuCa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MGa/">EuGa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MGe/">EuGe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MAs/">EuAs</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSe/">EuSe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBr/">EuBr</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MKr/">EuKr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>301 ±14.6</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MRb/">EuRb</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSr/">EuSr</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MIn/">EuIn</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSn/">EuSn</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MSb/">EuSb</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MTe/">EuTe</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MI/">EuI</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MXe/">EuXe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>243 ±14.6</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MCs/">EuCs</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBa/">EuBa</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MTl/">EuTl</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MPb/">EuPb</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MBi/">EuBi</a></td> <td>EuPo</td> <td>EuAt</td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MRn/">EuRn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MFr/">EuFr</a></td> <td><a href="../periodicity/enth_diatomics_MRa/">EuRa</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <figure><img class="pure-img" src= "../_media/periodicity/tables/periodic_table_columns_white/enth_diatomics_MM_col_w.png" alt="Image showing periodicity of element-element diatomic bond energies for the chemical elements as size-coded columns on a periodic table grid." /><figcaption>Image showing periodicity of element-element diatomic bond energies for the chemical elements as size-coded columns on a periodic table grid.</figcaption></figure> <h3 class="f">Notes</h3> <p class="p_first">I am grateful to Professor J.A. Kerr (University of Birmingham, UK) for the provision of the bond strengths of diatomic molecules data.</p> <p>The values given here are at 298 K. All values are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. Generally, these data were obtained by spectroscopic or mass spectrometric means. You should consult reference 1 for further details. A note of caution: the strength of, say, the C-H bond in the gaseous diatomic species CH (not an isolable species) is not necessarily, the same as the strength of a C-H bond in, say, methane.</p> <p>The strongest bond for a diatomic species is that of carbon monoxide, CO (1076.5 ± 0.4 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>). The strongest bond for a homonuclear diatomic species is that of dinitrogen, N<sub>2</sub> (945.33 ± 0.59 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>).</p> <h3 class="f">References</h3> <ol> <li>J.A. Kerr in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849304814/webelements">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></em>, D.R. Lide, (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.</li> </ol> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="4479092381" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> <h2 class="f">Europium: lattice energies</h2> <p class="p_first">All values of <a href="../periodicity/enthalpy_lattice/">lattice energies</a> are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table class="pure-table pure-table-striped"> <caption>Table. All values of <a href="../periodicity/enthalpy_lattice/">lattice energies</a> are quoted in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>Compound</th> <th>Thermochemical cycle / kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></th> <th>Calculated / kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td colspan="3">No data for any fluorides of europium.</td></tr> <tr class="data"> <td class="data">EuCl<sub>3</sub></td> <td class="data">(no value)</td> <td class="data">4393</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3">No data for any bromides of europium.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3">No data for any iodides of europium.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3">No data for any hydrides of europium.</td></tr> <tr class="data"> <td class="data">Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td> <td class="data">(no value)</td> <td class="data">12945</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <ol> <li>H.D.B. Jenkins - personal communication. I am grateful to Prof Don Jenkins (University of Warwick, UK) who provided the lattice energy data, which are adapted from his contribution contained within reference 2.</li> <li>H.D.B. Jenkins in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849304814/webelements">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1999-2000 : A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></em>, D.R. Lide, (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.</li> </ol> <h2 class="f">Standard Reduction Potentials</h2> <div><figure><img class="pure-img" src="../_media/elements/potentials/Eu.gif" alt="Standard reduction potentials of Eu" /><figcaption>Standard reduction potentials of europium</figcaption></figure></div> <h3 class="f">References</h3> <p>The standard reduction potentials given here for aqueous solutions are adapted from the IUPAC publication reference 1 with additional data and an occasional correction incorporated from many other sources, in particular, references 2-7.</p> <ol> <li>A.J. Bard, R. Parsons, and J. Jordan, <em>Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions</em>, IUPAC (Marcel Dekker), New York, USA, 1985.</li> <li>N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0750633654/webelements">Chemistry of the Elements</a></em>, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.</li> <li>F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471199575/webelements">Advanced Inorganic Chemistry</a></em>, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1988.</li> <li>B. Douglas, D.H. McDaniel, and J.J. Alexander, <em>Concepts and models of Inorganic Chemistry</em>, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1983.</li> <li>D.F. Shriver, P.W. Atkins, and C.H. Langford, <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0716736241/webelements">Inorganic Chemstry</a></em>, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1999.</li> <li>J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in <em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/006042995X/webelements">Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity</a></em>, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.</li> <li>G.T. Seaborg and W.D. Loveland in <em>The elements beyond uranium</em>, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1990.</li> </ol> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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