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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Banbury</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Banbury" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Banbury" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" 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open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Banbury_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Banbury (disambiguation)">Banbury (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style>Banbury is an historic <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Cherwell" title="River Cherwell">River Cherwell</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, South East England. It had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.<a href="#cite_note-bua2021-1">[1]</a> <table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Banbury</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">Market town</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg/240px-Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg/360px-Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg/480px-Banbury_Town_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1773" data-file-height="2130"></a><div><a href="/wiki/Banbury_Town_Hall" title="Banbury Town Hall">Banbury Town Hall</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Banbury is located in Oxfordshire"><img alt="Banbury is located in Oxfordshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Oxfordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1266"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.2%;left:39.608%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Banbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Banbury</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">21.04 km2 (8.12 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">54,335 (2021 Census)<a href="#cite_note-bua2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,582/km2 (6,690/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=52.056563~-1.345107&lvl=10&sp=Point.52.056563_-1.345107_Banbury&sty=s&style=s">SP4540</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">64 mi (103 km) <a href="/wiki/Points_of_the_compass" title="Points of the compass">SE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_(district)" title="Cherwell (district)">Cherwell</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BANBURY</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OX_postcode_area" title="OX postcode area">OX16</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01295</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Police" title="Thames Valley Police">Thames Valley</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Oxfordshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Ambulance_Service" title="South Central Ambulance Service">South Central</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Banbury</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banbury.gov.uk">www.banbury.gov.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List of places</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Oxfordshire" title="List of places in Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Banbury&params=52.061_N_1.336_W_region:GB_type:city(54335)">52°03′40″N 1°20′10″W / 52.061°N 1.336°W / 52.061; -1.336</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the world's largest coffee-processing facility (<a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Douwe_Egberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Douwe Egberts">Jacobs Douwe Egberts</a>), built in 1964. The town is famed for <a href="/wiki/Banbury_cakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Banbury cakes">Banbury cakes</a>, a spiced sweet pastry. Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a> and 22 miles (35 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Toponymy">1.1 Toponymy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#General_history">1.2 General history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Banburyshire">1.3 Banburyshire</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Local_development_plans">1.4 Local development plans</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Local_government">2 Local government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Mayor_of_Banbury">2.1 Mayor of Banbury</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Industry_and_commerce">4 Industry and commerce</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Motorsport">4.1 Motorsport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Employment">4.2 Employment</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Companies_and_charities">4.3 Companies and charities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Cattle_market">4.4 Cattle market</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Transport">5 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Railway">5.1 Railway</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Buses_and_coaches">5.2 Buses and coaches</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Roads">5.3 Roads</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Canal">5.4 Canal</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Media">6 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Places_of_interest">7 Places of interest</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Banbury_Cross">7.1 Banbury Cross</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Banbury_Museum_&_Gallery">7.2 Banbury Museum & Gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Tooley's_Boatyard">7.3 Tooley's Boatyard</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Spiceball_Centre_and_Park">7.4 Spiceball Centre and Park</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Other_recreational_areas_and_parks">7.5 Other recreational areas and parks</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Notable_place_names">7.6 Notable place names</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Education">8 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Religion">9 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Demographics">10 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Sport">11 Sport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Twinning">12 Twinning</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Notable_people">13 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Arms">14 Arms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#See_also">15 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#References">16 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Further_reading">17 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#External_links">18 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The name Banbury may derive from "Banna", a Saxon chieftain said to have built a stockade there in the 6th century (or possibly a <a href="/wiki/Byname" class="mw-redirect" title="Byname">byname</a> from <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: bana meaning felon, murderer<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>), and burgh / burh meaning settlement.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Anglo Saxon</a> it was called Banesburh (dative Banesbyrig).<a href="#cite_note-information-britain.co.uk-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-rotary-6">[6]</a> The name appears as Banesberie in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086.<a href="#cite_note-information-britain.co.uk-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-rotary-6">[6]</a> Another known spelling was Banesebury in medieval times. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_history">General history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Banbury" title="History of Banbury">History of Banbury</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg/220px-Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="470"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg/220px-Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg/330px-Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg/440px-Banbury_town_hall_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The town hall in December 2005</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg/220px-Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="589"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg/220px-Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg/330px-Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg/440px-Banbury_Peoples%27_park_10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>People's Park in 2001</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg/220px-The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg/220px-The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg/330px-The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg/440px-The_Reindeer_Inn_-_Banbury.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Banbury's oldest pub, the Reindeer Inn</figcaption></figure> During excavations for the construction of an office building in Hennef Way in 2002, the remains of a <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">British Iron Age</a> settlement with circular buildings dating back to 200 BC were found. The site contained around 150 pieces of pottery and stone. Later there was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_villa" title="Roman villa">Roman villa</a> at nearby Wykham Park.<a href="#cite_note-information-britain.co.uk-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-hist-7">[7]</a> The area was settled by the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> around the late 5th century.<a href="#cite_note-information-britain.co.uk-5">[5]</a> In about 556 Banbury was the scene of a battle between the local <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cynric" title="Cynric">Cynric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceawlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceawlin">Ceawlin</a>, and the local <a href="/wiki/Britons_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (historical)">Romano-British</a>. It was a local centre for Anglo-Saxon settlement by the mid-6th century.<a href="#cite_note-information-britain.co.uk-5">[5]</a> Banbury developed in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a> period<a href="#cite_note-hist-7">[7]</a> under <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Danish</a> influence, starting in the late 6th century. It was assessed at 50 hides in the Domesday survey and was then held by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a>. The Saxons built Banbury on the west bank of the River Cherwell. On the opposite bank they built <a href="/wiki/Grimsbury" title="Grimsbury">Grimsbury</a>, which was formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>. Another district, <a href="/wiki/Neithrop" title="Neithrop">Neithrop</a>, is one of the oldest areas in Banbury, having first been recorded as a <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlet</a> in the 13th century. Both Grimsbury and Neithrop were formally incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> of Banbury in 1889.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Banbury stands at the junction of two ancient roads: Salt Way (used as a bridle path to the west and south of the town), its primary use being transport of salt; and Banbury Lane, which began near Northampton and is closely followed by the modern 22-mile-long (35 km) road. It continued through what is now Banbury's High Street and towards the <a href="/wiki/Fosse_Way" title="Fosse Way">Fosse Way</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stow-on-the-Wold" title="Stow-on-the-Wold">Stow-on-the-Wold</a>. Banbury's <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> prosperity was based on <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Castle" title="Banbury Castle">Banbury Castle</a> was built from 1135 by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Lincoln" title="Alexander of Lincoln">Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln</a>, and survived into the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a>, when it was besieged. Due to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, the King's capital, Banbury was at one stage a Royalist town, but the inhabitants were known to be strongly <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a>. Banbury played an important part in the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> as a base of operations for <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, who is reputed to have planned the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edge_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Edge Hill">Battle of Edge Hill</a> in the back room (which can still be visited) of a local inn, the Reindeer Inn as it was then known (today's Ye Olde Reine Deer Inn).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The town was pro-Parliamentarian, but the castle was manned by a <a href="/wiki/Cavaliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavaliers">Royalist</a> garrison who supported <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a>. In 1645 during the Civil War, <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentary</a> troops were billeted in nearby <a href="/wiki/Hanwell,_Oxfordshire" title="Hanwell, Oxfordshire">Hanwell</a><a href="#cite_note-Lobel-11">[11]</a> for nine weeks and villagers petitioned the Warwickshire Committee of Accounts to pay for feeding them.<a href="#cite_note-Lobel-11">[11]</a> The castle was demolished after the war.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Banbury_1.jpg/220px-Banbury_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Banbury_1.jpg/220px-Banbury_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Banbury_1.jpg/330px-Banbury_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Banbury_1.jpg/440px-Banbury_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The modern <a href="/wiki/Castle_Quay_Shopping_Centre" title="Castle Quay Shopping Centre">Castle Quay Shopping Centre</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Canal" title="Oxford Canal">Oxford Canal</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Museum" title="Banbury Museum">Banbury Museum</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finelady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Finelady.jpg/220px-Finelady.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Finelady.jpg/220px-Finelady.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Finelady.jpg/330px-Finelady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Finelady.jpg/440px-Finelady.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Banbury's 'Fine Lady' Statue.</figcaption></figure> The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Canal" title="Oxford Canal">Oxford Canal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hawkesbury_Junction" title="Hawkesbury Junction">Hawkesbury Junction</a> to Banbury on 30 March 1778 gave the town a cheap and reliable supply of <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> coal.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 1787 the Oxford Canal was extended southwards,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> finally opening to Oxford on 1 January 1790.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The canal's main boat yard was the original outlay of today's <a href="/wiki/Tooley%27s_Boatyard" title="Tooley's Boatyard">Tooley's Boatyard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tooleysboatyard.co.uk-16">[16]</a> People's Park was set up as a private park in 1890 and opened in 1910, along with the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Bowling_green" title="Bowling green">bowling green</a>. The land south of The New Foscote Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Calthorpe,_Oxfordshire" title="Calthorpe, Oxfordshire">Calthorpe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easington,_Cherwell" title="Easington, Cherwell">Easington</a> Farm were mostly open farmland until the early 1960s as shown by the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> maps of 1964, 1955 and 1947. It had only a few farmsteads, the odd house, an allotment field (now under the Sainsbury's store), the Municipal Borough of Banbury council's small reservoir just south of Easington Farm and a water spring lay to the south of it. The <a href="/wiki/Ruscote" title="Ruscote">Ruscote</a> estate, which now has a notable South Asian community, was expanded in the 1950s because of the growth of the town due to the <a href="/wiki/London_overspill" title="London overspill">London overspill</a> and further grew in the mid-1960s. <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Railways</a> closed <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Merton_Street_railway_station" title="Banbury Merton Street railway station">Merton Street railway station</a> and the Buckingham to Banbury line to passenger traffic at the end of 1960. Merton Street goods depot continued to handle livestock traffic for Banbury's cattle market until 1966, when this too was discontinued and the railway dismantled. In March 1962 Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a> celebrated the line from Culworth Junction in his poem Great Central Railway, Sheffield Victoria to Banbury. British Railways closed this line too in 1966. The main railway station, previously called Banbury General but now called simply <a href="/wiki/Banbury_railway_station" title="Banbury railway station">Banbury</a>, is now served by trains running from <a href="/wiki/London_Paddington" class="mw-redirect" title="London Paddington">London Paddington</a> via <a href="/wiki/Reading_railway_station" title="Reading railway station">Reading</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_railway_station" title="Oxford railway station">Oxford</a> once daily, from <a href="/wiki/London_Marylebone" class="mw-redirect" title="London Marylebone">London Marylebone</a> via <a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe_railway_station" title="High Wycombe railway station">High Wycombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bicester_North_railway_station" title="Bicester North railway station">Bicester</a> onwards to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill_railway_station" title="Birmingham Snow Hill railway station">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kidderminster_railway_station" title="Kidderminster railway station">Kidderminster</a> and by CrossCountry Trains from <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_railway_station" title="Bournemouth railway station">Bournemouth</a> and Reading to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_station" title="Manchester Piccadilly station">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_railway_station" title="Newcastle railway station">Newcastle</a>. Banbury used to have a <a href="/wiki/Cattle_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle market">cattle market</a>, Western Europe's largest.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Situated on Merton Street in <a href="/wiki/Grimsbury" title="Grimsbury">Grimsbury</a>, for many decades, cattle and other farm animals were <a href="/wiki/Drovers%27_road" title="Drovers' road">driven there on the hoof</a> from as far as <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to be sold to feed the growing population of London and other towns. Since its closure in June 1998, a new housing development has been built on its site which includes Dashwood Primary School. The estate, which lies between Banbury and <a href="/wiki/Hanwell,_Oxfordshire" title="Hanwell, Oxfordshire">Hanwell</a>, was built on the grounds of Hanwell Farm during 2005 and 2006. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banburyshire">Banburyshire</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Banburyshire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aynho.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aynho.JPG/220px-Aynho.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aynho.JPG/220px-Aynho.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aynho.JPG/330px-Aynho.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Aynho.JPG/440px-Aynho.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Some old houses in <a href="/wiki/Aynho" title="Aynho">Aynho</a>, which is claimed to be in Banburyshire</figcaption></figure> Banburyshire is an informal area centred on Banbury, claimed to include parts of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> as well as north <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>. Use of the term dates from the early to mid 19th century. It was common in the 19th century for <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market towns</a> in England to describe their <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> by tacking "shire" onto the town's name.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> "Stones Map of Banburyshire" held by the Centre of Banbury Studies was published in the 1870s or 1880s<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and it asserted that the term originated in the 1830s<a href="#cite_note-Where_is_Banburyshire-20">[20]</a> but no source is given for that assertion. In the 1850s magazine articles used "Banburyshire" or the hyphenated term "Banbury-shire".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Banburyshire Natural History Society was formed in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In the 20th century a number of books used the term "Banburyshire" in their titles, dating from the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-EW-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-BS-26">[26]</a> The county of Oxfordshire has two main commercial centres, the city of Oxford itself that serves most of the south of the county, and Banbury that serves the north (such as <a href="/wiki/Adderbury" title="Adderbury">Adderbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cropredy" title="Cropredy">Cropredy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deddington" title="Deddington">Deddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wroxton" title="Wroxton">Wroxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Bourton" title="Great Bourton">Great Bourton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bloxham" title="Bloxham">Bloxham</a>) plus parts of the neighbouring counties of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Where_is_Banburyshire-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-banburyshire.com-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The villages of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Sutton" title="King's Sutton">King's Sutton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Cheney" title="Middleton Cheney">Middleton Cheney</a>, and possibly also <a href="/wiki/Aynho" title="Aynho">Aynho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenny_Compton" title="Fenny Compton">Fenny Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlton,_Northamptonshire" title="Charlton, Northamptonshire">Charlton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croughton,_Northamptonshire" title="Croughton, Northamptonshire">Croughton</a> could be considered part of Banburyshire, as well as <a href="/wiki/Brailes" title="Brailes">Upper and Lower Brailes</a>. The settlements of <a href="/wiki/Bicester" title="Bicester">Bicester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinton-in-the-Hedges" title="Hinton-in-the-Hedges">Hinton-in-the-Hedges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chipping_Norton" title="Chipping Norton">Chipping Norton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hook_Norton" title="Hook Norton">Hook Norton</a> are on the border of Banburyshire's area.<a href="#cite_note-banburyshire.com-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_development_plans">Local development plans</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Local development plans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There was a plan in the late 2000s to expand the Bretch Hill estate westwards into local farmland,<a href="#cite_note-cherweb.cherwell-dc.gov.uk-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indeterminate-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-waterwaysworld.com-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-propertywide.co.uk-34">[34]</a> but this has now been suspended due to the <a href="/wiki/Credit_crunch" title="Credit crunch">credit crunch</a> and local hostility to the plan, including the southern expansion towards <a href="/wiki/Bodicote" title="Bodicote">Bodicote</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cherweb.cherwell-dc.gov.uk-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indeterminate-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-waterwaysworld.com-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-propertywide.co.uk-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-dehavilland.co.uk-35">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hanwell_Fields_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanwell Fields Estate">Hanwell Fields Estate</a> was built in the north between 2001 and 2009.<a href="#cite_note-cherweb.cherwell-dc.gov.uk-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indeterminate-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-waterwaysworld.com-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-propertywide.co.uk-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-dehavilland.co.uk-35">[35]</a> It was intended to provide affordable social housing to the west and north of Banbury, and more <a href="/wiki/Upmarket" class="mw-redirect" title="Upmarket">upmarket</a> housing in the Hanwell fields area.<a href="#cite_note-dehavilland.co.uk-35">[35]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Local_government">Local government</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Local government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Banbury,_Oxfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Banbury, Oxfordshire">History of Banbury, Oxfordshire</a></div> In January 1554 Banbury was granted a royal charter that established the town as a borough to be governed by the aldermen of the town.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The same charter created the position of <a href="/wiki/High_Steward_of_Banbury" title="High Steward of Banbury">High Steward of Banbury</a>. Banbury was one of the boroughs reformed by the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Reform_Act_1835" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Reform Act 1835">Municipal Reform Act 1835</a>. It retained a borough council until 1974, when under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> it became part of the traditionally Conservative-ruled <a href="/wiki/Cherwell_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherwell District Council">Cherwell District Council</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished area</a> with <a href="/wiki/Charter_Trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter Trustees">Charter Trustees</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parish</a> with a town council was set up in 2000. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_of_Banbury">Mayor of Banbury</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mayor of Banbury" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The post of the mayor of Banbury was created in 1607.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The first mayor was Thomas Webb. A number of roads are named after former mayors of the town, including Mascord Road, Mold Crescent and Fairfax Close. Another former mayor, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Billingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Billingham">Angela Billingham</a>, went into national politics. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Banbury_map.png/170px-Banbury_map.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="1070"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Banbury_map.png/170px-Banbury_map.png" data-width="170" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Banbury_map.png/255px-Banbury_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Banbury_map.png/340px-Banbury_map.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of Banbury</figcaption></figure> Banbury is in the Cherwell Valley with many hills in and around the town. Apart from the town centre, much of Banbury is on a slope and each entry into the town is downhill. Estates such as <a href="/wiki/Bretch_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretch Hill">Bretch Hill</a> and Hardwick are built on top of a hill and much of the town can be seen from both. Other notable hills include the suburban, <a href="/wiki/Crouch_Hill,_Banbury" title="Crouch Hill, Banbury">Crouch Hill</a> and the more central Pinn Hill, and Strawberry Hill on the outskirts of Easington. Mine Hill and Rye Hill lie, along with many others, to the northeast, southeast and west of Banbury. Banbury is located at the bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Cherwell" title="River Cherwell">River Cherwell</a> which sweeps through the town, going just east of the town centre with <a href="/wiki/Grimsbury" title="Grimsbury">Grimsbury</a> being the only estate east of the river. Banbury is at the northern extreme of the UK's <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a> region, less than two miles (3 km) from the boundary with the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a>, and three miles (5 km) from that with the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a>. As such it has close cultural links with neighbouring Midlands towns such as <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leamington_Spa" title="Leamington Spa">Leamington Spa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a>. In 1998 and 2007, Banbury was subject to heavy flooding due to its location by the River Cherwell. Heavy <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ironstone" title="Ironstone">Ironstone</a> deposits surround Banbury.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Industry_and_commerce">Industry and commerce</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industry and commerce" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Banbury" title="History of Banbury">History of Banbury</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg/220px-High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg/220px-High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg/330px-High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg/440px-High_Street_-_Banbury.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Banbury High Street.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg/220px-Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg/220px-Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg/330px-Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg/440px-Banbury_Market_Place_-_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Banbury Market Place.</figcaption></figure> The Domesday Book in 1086 listed three mills, with a total fiscal value of 45 <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shillings</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Demesne" title="Demesne">demesne</a> lands, and a fourth which was leased to Robert son of Waukelin by the Bishop. Among Banbury's four <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> mills was probably a forerunner of Banbury Mill, first referred to by this name in 1695.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a> In the year 1279, Laurence of Hardwick was also paying 3 marks (equivalent to 40 shillings) in annual rent to the Bishop for a mill in the then Hardwick hamlet.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a> The forerunners of Butchers Row were probably long standing butchers' stalls which were known to be in situ by 1438.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a> The old Victorian <a href="/wiki/Cornhill_Corn_Exchange,_Banbury" title="Cornhill Corn Exchange, Banbury">Corn Exchange</a> is now used as an entrance to a shopping centre.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The Northern Aluminium Co. Ltd. or <a href="/wiki/Alcan" title="Alcan">Alcan Industries Ltd.</a> pig and rolled aluminium factory was opened in 1931 on land acquired in 1929 on the east of the Southam road, in the then hamlet of Hardwick. The various Alcan facilities on the 53-acre site closed between 2006 and 2007.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a> The factory was demolished between 2008 and 2009. The laboratory was also closed in 2004 and is now used as offices for numerous companies.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Another major employer is <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Douwe_Egberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Douwe Egberts">Jacobs Douwe Egberts</a>, which produces <a href="/wiki/Instant_coffee" title="Instant coffee">instant coffee</a>. The facility moved to Banbury from <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a> In the central area were built many large shops, a bus station, and a large car park north of Castle Street. In 1969 proposals for the redevelopment of the central area were in hand, leading to the creation of the Castle shopping centre in 1977 (the centre was later combined into the Castle Quay centre). The 1977 plans to build a <a href="/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-storey car park">multi-storey car park</a> on what is now the open air car park behind <a href="/wiki/Matalan" title="Matalan">Matalan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poundland" title="Poundland">Poundland</a> were scrapped in 1978 and another one was built to the rear of the Castle Shopping Centre in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The former <a href="/wiki/Hunt_Edmunds" title="Hunt Edmunds">Hunt Edmunds</a> brewery premises became <a href="/wiki/Crest_Hotels" title="Crest Hotels">Crest Hotels</a> headquarters, but closed in the late 1970s and was abandoned in the late 1980s, while the Crown Hotel and the Foremost Tyres/Excel Exhausts shops found new owners after they closed in 1976 due to falling sales. <a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a>, a vehicle electronics firm, closed its factory on the Southam Road in the mid-2000s. The <a href="/wiki/Ironmonger" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironmonger">ironmonger</a>, Hoods, opened in the mid-1960s and closed in 2007, with the shop becoming part of the then enlarged <a href="/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marks and Spencer">Marks and Spencer</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Motorsport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Owing to the surrounding area's notable links with world <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a>, the town is home to many well known organisations within the industry. <a href="/wiki/Prodrive" title="Prodrive">Prodrive</a>, one of the world's largest motorsport and automotive technology specialists, is based in the town as are a host of race teams involved in competition across many different disciplines and countries. Within <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>, two teams have had their base of operations in Banbury. The <a href="/wiki/Simtek" title="Simtek">Simtek</a> team which competed in the 1994 and 1995 F1 World Championships was based on the Wildmere Industrial Estate. The <a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia F1</a> team had its manufacturing and production facility sited on Thorpe Way Industrial Estate using the building formerly owned by <a href="/wiki/Ascari_Cars" title="Ascari Cars">Ascari Cars</a>, a luxury sports car manufacturer. Both Simtek and Marussia F1 had been brought to Banbury by <a href="/wiki/Nick_Wirth" title="Nick Wirth">Nick Wirth</a> who owned the Simtek team and was the former Technical Director at Marussia. After Marussia F1 went into administration in 2014, their base was purchased by the United States–based <a href="/wiki/Haas_F1_Team" title="Haas F1 Team">Haas F1 Team</a> to service their cars during the European races.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Until 2017, when the team went into administration and subsequently folded, <a href="/wiki/Manor_Racing" title="Manor Racing">Manor Racing</a> (the successor to Marussia) was based in the town. <a href="/wiki/Arden_International" title="Arden International">Arden Motorsport</a>, a British multi-formula motorsports team (founded by <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a> boss <a href="/wiki/Christian_Horner" title="Christian Horner">Christian Horner</a>), is also based in the town. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Employment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Banbury has one of the UK's lowest unemployment rates, as of April 2016 it stood at 0.7%.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Once Poland joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 2004, a number of Banbury-based <a href="/wiki/Employment_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Employment agencies">employment agencies</a> began advertising for staff in major Polish newspapers. In 2006 one estimate placed between 5,000 and 6,000 Poles in the town. With the influx of the largely <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Poles, one local church was offering a <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> said partially in Polish and specialist Polish food shops had opened.<a href="#cite_note-Polish-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies_and_charities">Companies and charities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Companies and charities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraft_Banbutry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kraft_Banbutry.jpg/220px-Kraft_Banbutry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1767" data-file-height="1181"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kraft_Banbutry.jpg/220px-Kraft_Banbutry.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kraft_Banbutry.jpg/330px-Kraft_Banbutry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kraft_Banbutry.jpg/440px-Kraft_Banbutry.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Douwe_Egberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Douwe Egberts">Jacobs Douwe Egberts</a> factory in Banbury has been a major employer in the town since the mid-1960s.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Douwe_Egberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Douwe Egberts">Jacobs Douwe Egberts</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Ruscote" title="Ruscote">Ruscote</a> ward of Banbury, is a large food and coffee producing factory.<a href="#cite_note-kraftfoods.co.uk-50">[50]</a> It was built in 1964 and has gone through a number of ownership changes since. It is still sometimes known by its previous names of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bird" title="Alfred Bird">Bird's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraft">Kraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Foods" title="General Foods">General Foods</a> or GF. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Group" title="Westminster Group">Westminster Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbar_Torque" title="Norbar Torque">Norbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(company)" title="Arrival (company)">Arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_%26_Resources_Action_Programme" title="Waste & Resources Action Programme">Waste & Resources Action Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_for_Good" title="Dogs for Good">Dogs for Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburtons" title="Warburtons">Warburtons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cattle_market">Cattle market</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cattle market" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Banbury was once home to Western Europe's largest cattle market, on Merton Street in Grimsbury. The market was a key feature of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> life in the town and county. It was formally closed in June 1998, after being abandoned several years earlier and was replaced with a new housing development and Dashwood Primary School.<a href="#cite_note-information-britain.co.uk-5">[5]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Railway" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg/220px-Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="404"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg/220px-Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg/330px-Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg/440px-Banbury_station_forecourt_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1086042.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Banbury railway station</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Banbury_railway_station" title="Banbury railway station">Banbury railway station</a> is served by three train operating companies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Railways" title="Chiltern Railways">Chiltern Railways</a> operates services on the <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Main_Line" title="Chiltern Main Line">Chiltern Main Line</a> between <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill_railway_station" title="Birmingham Snow Hill railway station">Birmingham Snow Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_station" title="Marylebone station">London Marylebone</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Warwick_railway_station" title="Warwick railway station">Warwick</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway_(train_operating_company)" title="Great Western Railway (train operating company)">Great Western Railway</a> runs services to <a href="/wiki/Oxford_railway_station" title="Oxford railway station">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Didcot_Parkway_railway_station" title="Didcot Parkway railway station">Didcot Parkway</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossCountry" title="CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a> operates <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">inter-city</a> services between <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Piccadilly railway station">Manchester Piccadilly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_railway_station" title="Bournemouth railway station">Bournemouth</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham New Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reading_railway_station" title="Reading railway station">Reading</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Central_railway_station" title="Southampton Central railway station">Southampton Central</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses_and_coaches">Buses and coaches</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Buses and coaches" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg/220px-Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="721"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg/220px-Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg/330px-Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg/440px-Optare_SoloSR_Stagecoach47833_BanburyB7.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A Stagecoach in Oxfordshire bus in Bridge Street, on route B7 to <a href="/wiki/Neithrop" title="Neithrop">Neithrop</a></figcaption></figure> The town's bus routes are operated primarily by <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_in_Oxfordshire" title="Stagecoach in Oxfordshire">Stagecoach in Oxfordshire</a> both within the town and linking it with <a href="/wiki/Brackley" title="Brackley">Brackley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chipping_Norton" title="Chipping Norton">Chipping Norton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and places further afield including <a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leamington_Spa" title="Leamington Spa">Leamington Spa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Roads" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Hennef Way (<a href="/wiki/A422_road" title="A422 road">A422</a>) was upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a>, easing traffic on the heavily congested road and providing north Banbury and the town centre with higher-capacity links to the <a href="/wiki/M40_motorway" title="M40 motorway">M40 motorway</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canal">Canal</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Canal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Canal" title="Oxford Canal">Oxford Canal</a> is a popular place for pleasure trips and tourism. The canal's main boatyard is now the listed site <a href="/wiki/Tooley%27s_Boatyard" title="Tooley's Boatyard">Tooley's Boatyard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tooleysboatyard.co.uk-16">[16]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Guardian" title="Banbury Guardian">Banbury Guardian</a> is published weekly on Thursdays by <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Press" title="Johnston Press">Johnston Press</a>, is priced for sale and is a tabloid. The <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Cake_(newspaper)" title="Banbury Cake (newspaper)">Banbury Cake</a> was formerly a free newspaper:<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> its print edition ceased publication in 2017 and its website subsequently also closed. Regional TV news is provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_South" title="BBC South">BBC South</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Meridian" title="ITV Meridian">ITV Meridian</a>. Television signals received from the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_transmitting_station" title="Oxford transmitting station">Oxford</a> TV transmitter, <a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> although some parts of the town get a better TV signal from the local relay transmitter which is served by <a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">BBC West Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">ITV Central</a>. <a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Oxford" title="BBC Radio Oxford">BBC Radio Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_South" title="Heart South">Heart South</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capital_Mid-Counties" title="Capital Mid-Counties">Capital Mid-Counties</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Music_Radio" title="Banbury Music Radio">Banbury Music Radio</a> was a local Internet <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio station</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Places of interest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banbury_Cross">Banbury Cross</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Banbury Cross" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LadyAndCross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/LadyAndCross.jpg/170px-LadyAndCross.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/LadyAndCross.jpg/170px-LadyAndCross.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/LadyAndCross.jpg/255px-LadyAndCross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/LadyAndCross.jpg/340px-LadyAndCross.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The 'Fine Lady' statue and Banbury Cross. The cross was designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Gibbs_(architect)" title="John Gibbs (architect)">John Gibbs</a> and erected in 1859.</figcaption></figure> At one time Banbury had many <a href="/wiki/Market_cross" title="Market cross">crosses</a> (the High Cross, the Bread Cross and the White Cross), but these were destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritans</a> in 1600.<a href="#cite_note-hist-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-bancross-58">[58]</a> Banbury remained without a cross for more than 250 years until the current Banbury Cross was erected in 1859 at the centre of the town to commemorate the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal" title="Victoria, Princess Royal">Victoria, Princess Royal</a> (eldest child of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Prince Frederick of Prussia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The current Banbury Cross is a stone, spire-shaped monument decorated in <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian Gothic">Gothic form</a>. Statues of Queen Victoria, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> were added in 1914 to commemorate the coronation of George V. The cross is 52 feet 6 inches (16 m) high, and topped by a gilt cross. Towns with crosses in England before the reformation were places of Christian pilgrimage. The English <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhyme</a> "<a href="/wiki/Ride_a_cock_horse_to_Banbury_Cross" title="Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross">Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross</a>", in its several forms, may refer to one of the crosses destroyed by Puritans in 1600.<a href="#cite_note-bancross-58">[58]</a> In April 2005, <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Anne</a> unveiled a large bronze statue depicting the Fine Lady upon a White Horse of the nursery rhyme.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> It stands on the corner of West Bar and South Bar, just yards from the present Banbury Cross. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banbury_Museum_&_Gallery">Banbury Museum & Gallery</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Banbury Museum & Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Banbury_Museum" title="Banbury Museum">Banbury Museum</a></div> Banbury has a museum in the town centre near Spiceball Park, replacing the old museum near Banbury Cross.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> It is accessible over a bridge from the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Quay_Shopping_Centre" title="Castle Quay Shopping Centre">Castle Quay Shopping Centre</a> or via Spiceball Park Road. Admission to the museum is free. The town's tourist information centre is located in the museum entrance in the Castle Quay Shopping Centre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tooley's_Boatyard">Tooley's Boatyard</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tooley's Boatyard" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Tooley%27s_Boatyard" title="Tooley's Boatyard">Tooley's Boatyard</a> was built in 1778 and is a historic site with a nearly 250-year-old blacksmiths' shop and narrow boat dry dock. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiceball_Centre_and_Park">Spiceball Centre and Park</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Spiceball Centre and Park" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiceball_center_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spiceball_center_2010.png/220px-Spiceball_center_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="892"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spiceball_center_2010.png/220px-Spiceball_center_2010.png" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spiceball_center_2010.png/330px-Spiceball_center_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spiceball_center_2010.png/440px-Spiceball_center_2010.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Spiceball centre in 2010</figcaption></figure> Spiceball Park is the largest <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">park</a> in Banbury. It is east of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Canal" title="Oxford Canal">Oxford Canal</a>, mainly west of the <a href="/wiki/River_Cherwell" title="River Cherwell">River Cherwell</a>, north of Castle Quay and south of Hennef Way. It includes three large fields, a children's play area and a skateboard park. Across the road from the main park there is the sports centre, which includes a swimming pool, courts, café and gym facilities. The <a href="/wiki/Sports_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports centre">sports centre</a> began to be re-developed in late 2009, for a new centre and café, which was completed by mid 2010. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_recreational_areas_and_parks">Other recreational areas and parks</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other recreational areas and parks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Neithrop is home to the People's Park which opened in 1910, and has a bird house, tennis courts, a large field and a children's play area. The park is often used in the summer to hold small festivals. The park is also one of the town's biggest in terms of the area covered and one of the few major ones not to be built on a steep hill. Easington Recreation Ground is another principal park and recreational area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_place_names">Notable place names</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable place names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg/220px-Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="929"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg/220px-Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg/330px-Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg/440px-Tom_Rolt_Bridge_plaque_road.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Plaque at bridge 164 on the Oxford Canal, Banbury</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Since 1999 bridge 164 on the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Canal" title="Oxford Canal">Oxford Canal</a> in Banbury has borne <a href="/wiki/Tom_Rolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Rolt">Tom Rolt</a>'s name in commemoration of his book <a href="/wiki/Narrow_Boat_(book)" title="Narrow Boat (book)">Narrow Boat</a> (as does the Tom Rolt Centre at the <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Port" title="Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/National_Waterways_Museum" title="National Waterways Museum">National Waterways Museum</a>). A <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> commemorating Rolt was unveiled at <a href="/wiki/Tooley%27s_Boatyard" title="Tooley's Boatyard">Tooley's Boatyard</a>, Banbury on 7 August 2010 as part of the centenary celebrations of his birth.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Concorde Avenue was named in a 1995 street naming contest in honour of the 50 years' peace (1945–1995) in Europe since the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.</li> <li>Claypits Close was built in about 2007 and named after the old clay pit on which it was built. There were many small, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> clay pits and kilns in the south west of Banbury, but they had closed by the 1920s.</li> <li>Gillett Road was named after either Joseph Ashby Gillett, who ran Banbury's branch of 18th century Britain's New Bank, or his descendant Sarah Beatrice Gillett, who was mayor in 1926.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> One of the campuses of <a href="/wiki/Activate_Learning" title="Activate Learning">Activate Learning</a>, Banbury and Bicester College, as well as one of the international campuses of <a href="/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_University" title="Fairleigh Dickinson University">Fairleigh Dickinson University</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wroxton_Abbey" title="Wroxton Abbey">Wroxton Abbey</a> are situated in Banbury. The town also has four secondary schools – <a href="/wiki/North_Oxfordshire_Academy" title="North Oxfordshire Academy">North Oxfordshire Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wykham_Park_Academy" title="Wykham Park Academy">Wykham Park Academy</a>, Space Studio Banbury and <a href="/wiki/Blessed_George_Napier_Roman_Catholic_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed George Napier Roman Catholic School">Blessed George Napier Roman Catholic School</a> – and a number of <a href="/wiki/Primary_schools_in_Banbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary schools in Banbury">primary schools</a>. Independent schools in Banbury include <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Hall_(Banbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor Hall (Banbury)">Tudor Hall</a> and Al-Madina School. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Banbury.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG/170px-St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1369" data-file-height="1864"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG/170px-St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG/255px-St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG/340px-St_Mary_the_Virgin%2C_Banbury.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Banbury" title="St Mary's Church, Banbury">St Mary's parish church</a>, built in the 1790s to replace a Medieval predecessor</figcaption></figure> In 1377 a pardon was given to a Welshman, who was wanted for killing another Welshman, after the accused person had taken sanctuary in St Mary's parish church.<a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-63">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Neithrop" title="Neithrop">Neithrop</a> district of Banbury was the scene of rioting in 1589 after Neithrop's <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Reverend William Whateley (1583–1639), whose father was several times <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiff</a> or mayor of Banbury, was a notable Banbury vicar, who was instituted in 1610 but had already been a '<a href="/wiki/Lecturer#Ecclesiastical_usage" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a>' there for some years. In 1626 Whateley refused communion to his own brother, who had been presented for religious incompetence.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] A report by the <a href="/wiki/Church_warden" class="mw-redirect" title="Church warden">church wardens</a> in 1619 said he was a well liked and tolerant priest.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Quaker_meeting_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker meeting house">Quaker meeting house</a> by the town centre lane called 'The Leys' was built between 1748 and 1750.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In 1838, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Evangelist_Church,_Banbury" title="St John the Evangelist Church, Banbury">St John the Evangelist Church</a> was built, parts of it were designed by <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a> and it is a Grade II listed building.<a href="#cite_note-stock-67">[67]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> At the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 census</a> there were 54,335 residents in Banbury, up from 46,853, in the 2011 census, and 41,801 in the 2001 census.<a href="#cite_note-bua2021-1">[1]</a> In terms of ethnicity in 2021:<a href="#cite_note-bua2021-1">[1]</a> <ul><li>84.3% of Banbury residents were <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White</a></li> <li>8.8% were <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a></li> <li>2.3% were <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black</a></li> <li>3.1% were <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a>.</li> <li>1.2% were from another ethnic group.</li></ul> In terms of religion, 50.6% of Banbury residents identified as <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, 40.0% said they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a>, 6.9% were <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>, 0.7% were <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>, 0.6% were <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a>, 0.6% were <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a>, and 0.6% were from another religion.<a href="#cite_note-bua2021-1">[1]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> Banbury has several sporting clubs, most notably <a href="/wiki/Banbury_United_F.C." title="Banbury United F.C.">Banbury United</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club. There are also <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> (<a href="/wiki/Banbury_RUFC" title="Banbury RUFC">Banbury RUFC</a>), <a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">canoeing</a>, golf, running, <a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">triathlon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> clubs. These clubs represent a variety of age groups, and play at varying levels, from amateur to national. <a href="/wiki/Banbury_United_F.C." title="Banbury United F.C.">Banbury United F.C.</a> was first formed as Spencer Villa in 1931 and their home matches played at Middleton Road. At this time it was essentially a works club. In 1934, they changed their name to Banbury Spencer and moved to the Spencer Stadium. Banbury and District Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1904. The club disappeared in the mid-1920s.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom">greyhound racing</a> track was opened during the summer of 1951, one mile (1.6 km) north of Banbury town centre on the east side of Southam Road. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the <a href="/wiki/National_Greyhound_Racing_Club" title="National Greyhound Racing Club">National Greyhound Racing Club</a>) known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The racing lasted until the latter part of 1954.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> American <a href="/wiki/Haas_F1_Team" title="Haas F1 Team">Haas F1 Team</a> European forward base of operation is located in Banbury after the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia F1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manor_Racing" title="Manor Racing">Manor Racing</a> formerly based in Banbury until the team went into administration in 2016. A number of other motor racing teams have been based in and around Banbury, including <a href="/wiki/Prodrive" title="Prodrive">Prodrive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Racing" title="Mahindra Racing">Mahindra Racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simtek" title="Simtek">Simtek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing">Virgin Racing</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Twinning">Twinning</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twinning" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> Banbury is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermont" title="Ermont">Ermont</a> in France, since 1982.<a href="#cite_note-localauthoritypublishing.co.uk-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennef" class="mw-redirect" title="Hennef">Hennef</a> in Germany, since 1981.<a href="#cite_note-localauthoritypublishing.co.uk-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li></ul> Twinning in Banbury began on 26 October 1978, at a public meeting held at the Post-Graduate Education Centre, and called on the initiative of the late Councillor Ron Smith, the then Town Mayor of Banbury. Initial visits between Banbury and <a href="/wiki/Ermont" title="Ermont">Ermont</a> in 1979, and for a long time after there was a period of informal relationship before a formal agreement was signed in 1982. Contact was first made with <a href="/wiki/Hennef" class="mw-redirect" title="Hennef">Hennef</a> about a possible agreement in October 1980 and within a year the formal agreement was signed.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> As a consequence of this, two roads in Banbury (Hennef Way and Ermont Way) have been named after the two towns. Likewise a former Railway station square in <a href="/wiki/Hennef" class="mw-redirect" title="Hennef">Hennef</a> has been named Banburyplatz. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Banbury" title="Special:EditPage/Banbury">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Banbury%22">"Banbury"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Banbury%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Banbury%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Banbury%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Banbury%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Banbury%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (June 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfie_Barbeary" title="Alfie Barbeary">Alfie Barbeary</a>, rugby union player for <a href="/wiki/Wasps_RFC" title="Wasps RFC">Wasps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brooke-Little" title="John Brooke-Little">John Brooke-Little</a> was a former <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_arms" title="Officer of arms">officer of arms</a> who lived in Banbury at the end of his life.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>Novelist <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a> taught at Banbury Grammar School (now <a href="/wiki/Wykham_Park_Academy" title="Wykham Park Academy">Wykham Park Academy</a>) for several years during the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Geen" title="Benjamin Geen">Benjamin Geen</a> was born in Banbury and employed as a staff nurse at the <a href="/wiki/Horton_General_Hospital" title="Horton General Hospital">Horton General Hospital</a>. During December 2003 and January 2004, Geen poisoned 17 patients for the thrill of trying to resuscitate them. He was found guilty of two murders and 15 charges of grievous bodily harm in April 2006.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Glitter" title="Gary Glitter">Gary Glitter</a>, born in Banbury as Paul Francis Gadd; <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a> singer and convicted child sex offender.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Grayson" title="Larry Grayson">Larry Grayson</a>, comedian and television presenter, was born in Banbury, but grew up in <a href="/wiki/Nuneaton" title="Nuneaton">Nuneaton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Butler_Gunn" title="Thomas Butler Gunn">Thomas Butler Gunn</a> was a Banbury born illustrator, writer and war correspondent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Hawtin" title="Richie Hawtin">Richie Hawtin</a>, electronic musician and DJ, was born in Banbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a>, British physiologist and biophysicist and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> winner, was born in Banbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Holland" title="Lancelot Holland">Lancelot Holland</a>, the admiral who was killed aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hood" title="HMS Hood">HMS Hood</a> in 1941 commanding the fleet that engaged the <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck" title="German battleship Bismarck">German battleship Bismarck</a>, grew up in the Banbury area.</li> <li>Television hypnotist and hypnotherapist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hughes_(hypnotist)" title="Chris Hughes (hypnotist)">Chris Hughes</a> was born in Banbury, but grew up in <a href="/wiki/Ardley,_Oxfordshire" title="Ardley, Oxfordshire">Ardley</a>.</li> <li>Actress <a href="/wiki/Jo_Joyner" title="Jo Joyner">Jo Joyner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tanya_Branning" title="Tanya Branning">Tanya Branning</a> in <a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a>) grew up in <a href="/wiki/Bloxham" title="Bloxham">Bloxham</a> and studied at the <a href="/wiki/The_Warriner_School" title="The Warriner School">Warriner School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Knollys,_1st_Earl_of_Banbury" title="William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury">William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom">Lord High Admiral</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> of England 1646–1660.</li> <li>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">Lord North</a> was MP for Banbury from 1754 to 1790.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javad_Nurbakhsh" title="Javad Nurbakhsh">Javad Nurbakhsh</a>, former Master of the <a href="/wiki/Ni%27matull%C4%81h%C4%AB" title="Ni'matullāhī">Ni'matullāhī</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">order</a>, lived, died and was buried near Banbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Plester" title="Tim Plester">Tim Plester</a>, actor, playwright and film maker, was born and grew up in Banbury</li> <li>Chef and <a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hell's Kitchen (UK TV series)">Hell's Kitchen</a> star <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay" title="Gordon Ramsay">Gordon Ramsay</a> moved to Banbury at the age of 16.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Gould" title="Rodney Gould">Rodney Gould</a>, former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and UK short circuit specialist, who was born in Banbury; he was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_250cc/Moto2_Motorcycle_World_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 250cc/Moto2 Motorcycle World Champions">250cc world champion</a> in 1970.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Arms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Banbury </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Banbury_Escutcheon.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Banbury_Escutcheon.png/220px-Banbury_Escutcheon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="338"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 242px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Banbury_Escutcheon.png/220px-Banbury_Escutcheon.png" data-width="220" data-height="242" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Banbury_Escutcheon.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>Granted to the former borough council, 28 August 1951.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>On a wreath of the colours mounted upon a horse passant Argent caparisoned Or and Gules a lady in Tudor costume Proper.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Azure a sun in his splendour Or on a chief Ermine a castle of two towers between two pairs of swords points upwards in saltire Gules.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On either side an Ox Gules armed and unguled Or gorged with a Collar Argent charged with a Bar wavy Azure.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Dominus Nobis Sol Et Scutum (The Lord Is Our Sun And Shield)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_cheese" title="Banbury cheese">Banbury cheese</a> – a former cheese produced in Banbury that was once one of the town's most prestigious exports, its production went into decline by the 18th century, and it was eventually forgotten.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_Lido" title="Banbury Lido">Banbury Lido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_Rural_District" title="Banbury Rural District">Banbury Rural District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Filling_Factory,_Banbury" title="National Filling Factory, Banbury">National Filling Factory, Banbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouch_Hill,_Banbury" title="Crouch Hill, Banbury">Crouch Hill, Banbury</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bua2021-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bua2021_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2021_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2021_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2021_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2021_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+population&rft.atitle=Banbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fsoutheastengland%2Fadmin%2Fcherwell%2FE04012640__banbury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=banbury">"Banbury, Name Meaning & Banbury, Family History at Ancestry.co.uk"</a>. www.ancestry.co.uk. 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BBC News. 18 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nurse+guilty+of+killing+patients&rft.date=2006-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F4918462.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/517604.stm">"Glitter jailed over child porn"</a>. BBC News. 12 November 1999. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Glitter+jailed+over+child+porn&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F517604.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-larry-grayson-1567199.html">"Obituary: Larry Grayson"</a>. The Independent. 9 January 1995. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Larry+Grayson&rft.date=1995-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-larry-grayson-1567199.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Whiteley, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5fHUAwAAQBAJ&q=Whiteley%2C+Peter.+Lord+North%3A+The+Prime+Minister+who+lost+America%2C+%281996%29">Lord North: The Prime Minister who lost America,'</a>' (1996) p.19 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling2019" class="citation news cs1">Dowling, Tim (5 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/aug/05/born-famous-gordon-ramsay-review-a-taste-of-reality-for-the-chefs-son">"Born Famous: Gordon Ramsay review – a taste of reality for the chef's son"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Born+Famous%3A+Gordon+Ramsay+review+%E2%80%93+a+taste+of+reality+for+the+chef%27s+son&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2019%2Faug%2F05%2Fborn-famous-gordon-ramsay-review-a-taste-of-reality-for-the-chefs-son&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civicheraldry.co.uk/south_central.html#banbury%20tc">"Banbury Town Council (Oxfordshire)"</a>. Civic Heraldry of England. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banbury+Town+Council+%28Oxfordshire%29&rft.pub=Civic+Heraldry+of+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcivicheraldry.co.uk%2Fsouth_central.html%23banbury%2520tc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1992" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Ted (1992). Banbury History and Guide. Stroud: <a href="/wiki/The_History_Press" title="The History Press">Sutton Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-0214-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-0214-0"><bdi>0-7509-0214-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banbury+History+and+Guide&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7509-0214-0&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompton1976" class="citation book cs1">Compton, Hugh J (1976). The Oxford Canal. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. pp. 25, 37, 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-7238-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-7238-6"><bdi>0-7153-7238-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Canal&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pages=25%2C+37%2C+39&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-7153-7238-6&rft.aulast=Compton&rft.aufirst=Hugh+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossley1972" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Crossley, Alan, ed. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol10">A History of the County of Oxford</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_County_History" title="Victoria County History">Victoria County History</a>. Vol. 10: Banbury Hundred. London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 5–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19722-728-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19722-728-2"><bdi>978-0-19722-728-2</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/British_History_Online" title="British History Online">British History Online</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Oxford&rft.place=London&rft.series=Victoria+County+History&rft.pages=5-127&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-19722-728-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Foxon%2Fvol10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPottsClark1978" class="citation book cs1">Potts, William; Clark, Edward T (1978) [1958]. History of Banbury: Story of the Development of a Country Town (revised ed.). Banbury: Gulliver Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906428-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-906428-00-9"><bdi>0-906428-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Banbury%3A+Story+of+the+Development+of+a+Country+Town&rft.place=Banbury&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Gulliver+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-906428-00-9&rft.aulast=Potts&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Clark%2C+Edward+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwoodPevsner1974" class="citation book cs1">Sherwood, Jennifer; <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Pevsner, Nikolaus</a> (1974). Oxfordshire. <a href="/wiki/Pevsner_Architectural_Guides#Buildings_of_England" title="Pevsner Architectural Guides">The Buildings of England</a>. Harmondsworth: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. 435–444. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-071045-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-071045-0"><bdi>0-14-071045-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxfordshire&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.series=The+Buildings+of+England&rft.pages=435-444&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-14-071045-0&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Pevsner%2C+Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banbury" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Banbury">Banbury</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Banbury#Q806160" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Banbury">Banbury</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Banbury">"Banbury" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banbury&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanbury" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banbury.gov.uk/">Banbury town council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendomesday.org/place/SP4540/banbury/">Banbury</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banbury&oldid=1259708635">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banbury&oldid=1259708635</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Banbury&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 26 November 2024, at 17:05 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="بانبوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانبوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بنبری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بنبری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Банбъри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Банбъри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury_(lungsod)" title="Banbury (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Banbury (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بنبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B4%EB%B2%84%EB%A6%AC" title="밴버리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밴버리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Բանբերի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանբերի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benberi" title="Benberi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Benberi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banberis" title="Banberis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banberis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="بانبورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بانبورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="バンベリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンベリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80)" title="Банбери (Оксфордшир) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банбери (Оксфордшир)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80)" title="Банбері (Оксфордшир) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Банбері (Оксфордшир)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بینبری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بینبری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Banbury" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C" title="班伯里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="班伯里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 17:05 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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