CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>Jeffrey MacIntyre – A List Apart</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="A List Apart » Feed" href="https://alistapart.com/main/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/alistapart.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='coil-messaging-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/plugins/coil-web-monetization/assets/css/messages/coil.min.css?ver=2.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ala-style-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/style.css?ver=1671008582' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ala-prism-style-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/prism/prism.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_likes-css' href='https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/likes/style.css?ver=14.5-a.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://alistapart.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://alistapart.com/wp-json/wp/v2/users/2122075" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://alistapart.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <meta name="monetization" content="$ilp.uphold.com/Kh7NgDU9kqp3" /> <link rel="monetization" href="https://ilp.uphold.com/Kh7NgDU9kqp3" /> <meta name="description" content="Read all of the posts by Jeffrey MacIntyre on A List Apart" /> <style type="text/css"> .site-title, .site-description { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); } </style>  <meta property="og:type" content="profile" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="A List Apart" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cropped-icon_navigation-laurel-512.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Jeffrey MacIntyre" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://alistapart.com/author/jeffmacintyre/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A personalization optimist and information-retrieval obsessive, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffmacintyre/">Jeffrey MacIntyre</a> is an independent consultant focused on shovel-ready solutions to personalized, automated, and simplified customer experiences. He writes <a href="http://subscribe.bucket.studio/">Bucket List</a>, a newsletter of tales from the trenches of his consultancy, <a href="https://bucket.studio">Bucket Studio</a>. He speaks widely on the IA for AI—the role of information science in shaping connected experiences—and he runs <a href="http://bucketbriga.de/">Bucket Brigade</a>, a community especially for those who design such digital products and places." /> <meta property="profile:first_name" content="Jeffrey" /> <meta property="profile:last_name" content="MacIntyre" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@alistapart" />  <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cropped-icon_navigation-laurel-512.jpg?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cropped-icon_navigation-laurel-512.jpg?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cropped-icon_navigation-laurel-512.jpg?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cropped-icon_navigation-laurel-512.jpg?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .ala-editors-note a { text-decoration: underline; } i, em, cite { font-weight: inherit; } code, kbd, tt, var { font-size: .9375em; text-transform: none; } .ala-opening-quote figure.quote blockquote p { display: inline; } .ala-opening-quote figure.quote blockquote::before, .ala-opening-quote figure.quote blockquote::after { content: ""; } .ala-opening-quote figure.quote blockquote > p:first-child::before { content: "“"; } .ala-opening-quote figure.quote blockquote > p:first-child::after { content: "”"; } @media only screen and (max-width: 47.9375em) { /* ---------------------- RESPONSIVE TABLES ---------------------- */ figure:not(.not-rwd) table { display: block; width: 100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #bfbfbf; } figure:not(.not-rwd) table caption { display: block; } figure:not(.not-rwd) table thead { display: none; visibility: hidden; } figure:not(.not-rwd) table tbody, figure:not(.not-rwd) table tr, figure:not(.not-rwd) table th, figure:not(.not-rwd) table td { border: 0; display: block; padding: 0; text-align: left; white-space: normal; } figure:not(.not-rwd) table tr { margin: 1em 0; } figure:not(.not-rwd) .gist table { display: table; } figure:not(.not-rwd) .gist table tr { display: table-row; margin-bottom: 0; } figure:not(.not-rwd) .gist table td { display: table-cell; } table th[data-title]:before, table td[data-title]:before { content: attr(data-title) ": "; font-weight: bold; font-family: "Franklin ITC", sans-serif; } table th:not([data-title]) { font-weight: bold; font-family: "Franklin ITC", sans-serif; } table td:empty { display: none; } .main-content > figure:not(.not-rwd) table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) td { background: none; } .col-1 tr :nth-child(1):not(code), .col-2 tr :nth-child(2):not(code), .col-3 tr :nth-child(3):not(code):not(span), .col-4 tr :nth-child(4):not(code) { border: none; } caption { border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #bfbfbf; } .main-content > figure table th, .main-content > figure table td { padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; } figure.not-rwd { overflow: auto; } .entry-content>figure table tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) td, .entry-content>table tbody tr:nth-child(2n+1) td { background: transparent; } } </style>  <script async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-F1JXXVHTDV'></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push( arguments ); } gtag( 'js', new Date() ); gtag( 'config', "G-F1JXXVHTDV" ); </script>  </head> <body class="archive author author-jeffmacintyre author-2122075 wp-custom-logo hfeed" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://alistapart.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="960" height="98" src="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ala-logo-big.png?fit=960%2C98&ssl=1" class="custom-logo" alt="A List Apart" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ala-logo-big.png?w=960&ssl=1 960w, https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ala-logo-big.png?resize=300%2C31&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ala-logo-big.png?resize=768%2C78&ssl=1 768w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></a> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://alistapart.com/" rel="home" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject">A List Apart</a></p> <p class="site-description">For people who make websites</p> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Primary Menu</span></button> <div class="menu-site-header-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-6000493" class="ala-home-url menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-6000493"><a href="https://alistapart.com" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000494" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-6000494"><a href="https://alistapart.com/articles/" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Articles</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000495"><a href="https://alistapart.com/events/" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000496"><a href="https://alistapart.com/topics/" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Topics</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000497" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000497"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/contribute/" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Write for Us</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children"><a href="#" class="mlp-language-nav"><span itemprop="name">Language (English) <i class="arrow-down"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu mlp-languages"><li class="site-id-"2" mlp-language-nav-item menu-item menu-item-type-mlp_language menu-item-object-mlp_language"><a rel="alternate" href="https://alistapart.com/it" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Italian</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://alistapart.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </nav> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="two-column-layout"> <div id="primary" class="content-area column-content"> <main id="main" class="site-main ala-author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ProfilePage"> <h2>Author</h2> <div class="ala-author__avatar"> <img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b8678eaf5e766cac050585a98b44ccb?s=150&d=identicon&r=pg' class='avatar avatar-150 photo' height='150' width='150' /> </div> <h1 class="ala-author__name" itemprop="name">Jeffrey MacIntyre</h1> <div class="ala-social_links"> <a class="ala-social-link" href="http://www.jeffmacintyre.com" itemprop="url"><span class="ala-social-link__label">http://www.jeffmacintyre.com</span></a> </div> <p class="ala-author__description" itemprop="description"> A personalization optimist and information-retrieval obsessive, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffmacintyre/">Jeffrey MacIntyre</a> is an independent consultant focused on shovel-ready solutions to personalized, automated, and simplified customer experiences. He writes <a href="http://subscribe.bucket.studio/">Bucket List</a>, a newsletter of tales from the trenches of his consultancy, <a href="https://bucket.studio">Bucket Studio</a>. He speaks widely on the IA for AI—the role of information science in shaping connected experiences—and he runs <a href="http://bucketbriga.de/">Bucket Brigade</a>, a community especially for those who design such digital products and places. </p> <h3 class="ala-author__also">Also from this author</h3> <article class="ala-author__article post-7174340 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-content-strategy category-information-architecture category-user-experience"> <header class="entry-header"> <h4 class="ala-author__article_title"> <a href="https://alistapart.com/article/prepersonalization-workshop/">To Ignite a Personalization Practice, Run this Prepersonalization Workshop </a> </h4> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-04-16T15:51:34-04:00">April 16, 2024</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> Looking to tailor your product to individual users’ needs? In this article, Colin Eagan and Jeffrey MacIntyre walk you through their approach to aligning different stakeholders toward the common goal of personalized user experiences. </div> </article> <article class="ala-author__article post-7173664 article type-article status-publish hentry category-content category-interaction-design"> <header class="entry-header"> <h4 class="ala-author__article_title"> <a href="https://alistapart.com/article/personalization-pyramid/">Personalization Pyramid: A Framework for Designing with User Data </a> </h4> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2022-12-08T10:00:00-05:00">December 08, 2022</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> Implement personalized digital experiences that are intentional, ethical, and technologically sound. </div> </article> <article class="ala-author__article post-15030 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-content-strategy category-writing issue-the-discipline-of-content-strategy-and-content-tious-strategy"> <header class="entry-header"> <h4 class="ala-author__article_title"> <a href="https://alistapart.com/article/contenttiousstrategy/">Content-tious Strategy </a> </h4> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2008-12-16T21:15:00-05:00">December 16, 2008</time></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> Every website faces two key questions: 1. What content do we have at hand? 2. What content should we produce? Answering those questions is the domain of the content strategist. Alas, real content strategy gets as little respect today as information architecture did in 1995. MacIntyre defines the roles, tools, and value of this emerging user experience specialist. </div> </article> </main> </div> <div class="column-sidebar"> <aside id="secondary" class="widget-area column-sidebar"> <aside class="ala-sidebar-author js-ala-filter"><h3 class="ala-sidebar-author__title">Browse authors</h3><nav class="ala-sidebar-author__nav ala-filter-nav-container"><div class="ala-filter-nav-scroll-container"><ul><li><a data-filter="a" href="#a">a</a></li><li><a data-filter="b" href="#b">b</a></li><li><a data-filter="c" href="#c">c</a></li><li><a data-filter="d" href="#d">d</a></li><li><a data-filter="e" href="#e">e</a></li><li><a data-filter="f" href="#f">f</a></li><li><a data-filter="g" href="#g">g</a></li><li><a data-filter="h" href="#h">h</a></li><li><a data-filter="i" href="#i">i</a></li><li><a data-filter="j" href="#j">j</a></li><li><a data-filter="k" href="#k">k</a></li><li><a data-filter="l" href="#l">l</a></li><li><a data-filter="m" href="#m">m</a></li><li><a data-filter="n" href="#n">n</a></li><li><a data-filter="o" href="#o">o</a></li><li><a data-filter="p" href="#p">p</a></li><li><a data-filter="q" href="#q">q</a></li><li><a data-filter="r" href="#r">r</a></li><li><a data-filter="s" href="#s">s</a></li><li><a data-filter="t" href="#t">t</a></li><li><a data-filter="u" href="#u">u</a></li><li><a data-filter="v" href="#v">v</a></li><li><a data-filter="w" href="#w">w</a></li><li><a data-filter="y" href="#y">y</a></li><li><a data-filter="z" href="#z">z</a></li></ul></div><a class="ala-sidebar-author__nav__prev js-ala-filter-prev"></a><a class="ala-sidebar-author__nav__next js-ala-filter-next"></a></nav><ul class="ala-sidebar-author__list ala-filter-list-container"><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/idaaa/">Ida Aalen</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/senongo-akpem/">Senongo Akpem</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/aminalhazwani/">Amin Al Hazwani</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alialabbas/">Ali Alabbas</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lealea/">Lea Alcantara</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrisaldrich/">Chris Aldrich</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/deanallen/">Dean Allen</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/johnallsopp/">John Allsopp</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/paralmqvist/">Pär Almqvist</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joealterio/">Joe Alterio</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brianalvey/">Brian Alvey</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stephen-p-anderson/">Stephen Anderson</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stephenanderson/">Stephen Anderson</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rachelandrew/">Rachel Andrew</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jake-archibald/">Jake Archibald</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrisarmstrong/">Chris Armstrong</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lancearthur/">Lance Arthur</a></li><li data-filter="a"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/farukates/">Faruk Ateş</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ericbailey/">Eric Bailey</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/peterbalogh/">Peter Balogh</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/artas/">Artas Bartas</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/laurie-barth/">Laurie Barth</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jennifer-bassett/">Jennifer Bassett</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/hanabel/">Johanna Bates</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sbaumg/">Stefan Baumgartner</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tim-baxter/">Tim Baxter</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danbenjamin/">Dan Benjamin</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scottberkun/">Scott Berkun</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/davidberlow/">David Berlow</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tobiasbernard/">Tobias Bernard</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/markbernstein/">Mark Bernstein</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/carriebickner/">Carrie Bickner</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/katebingamanburt/">Kate Bingaman-Burt</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mbirbeck/">Mark Birbeck</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ashley-bischoff/">Ashley Bischoff</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ashley-bischoff/">Ashley Bischoff</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/niklasbivald/">Niklas Bivald</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/roger-black/">Roger Black</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/margotbloomstein/">Margot Bloomstein</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jasonblumer/">Jason Blumer</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nbolt/">Nate Bolt</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jinabolton/">Jina Bolton</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scott-boms/">Scott Boms</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bertbos/">Bert Bos</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/maurizioboscarol/">Maurizio Boscarol</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/markboulton/">Mark Boulton</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/clarice-bouwer/">Clarice Bouwer</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cbowles/">Cennydd Bowles</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/douglasbowman/">Douglas Bowman</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/waynebremser/">Wayne Bremser</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/valeria/">Valeria Brigatti</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/harrybrignull/">Harry Brignull</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ryanbrill/">Ryan Brill</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mbrittain/">Mike Brittain</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/patrick-brosset/">Patrick Brosset</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/aworkinglibrary/">Mandy Brown</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dan-brown/">Dan Brown</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sbrown/">Sunni Brown</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tiffanybrown/">Tiffany B. Brown</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/timbrown/">Tim Brown</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/marlenebruce/">Marlene Bruce</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/laura-brunow-miner/">Laura Brunow Miner</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/amy-bucher/">Amy Bucher</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/carlosbueno/">Carlos Bueno</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/donna-bungard/">Donna Bungard</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/heatherburns/">Heather Burns</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jburson/">Jory Burson</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/16toads/">Paul Burton</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jimbyrne/">Jim Byrne</a></li><li data-filter="b"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tonybyrne/">Tony Byrne</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mcaceres/">Marcos Caceres</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ben-callahan/">Ben Callahan</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jcallender/">Jeffery Callender</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lachlancannon/">Lachlan Cannon</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michaelcardenas/">Michael Cardenas</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/normcarr/">Norm Carr</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ryancarson/">Ryan Carson</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/daniel-carter/">Daniel Carter</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lawrencecarvalho/">Lawrence Carvalho</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erin-casali/">Erin Casali</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/meghscase/">Meghan Casey</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lizcastro/">Elizabeth Castro</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dancederholm/">Dan Cederholm</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tantekcelik/">Tantek Celik</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stevechampeon/">Steve Champeon</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/caiochassot/">Caio Chassot</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ksenia-cheinman/">Ksenia Cheinman</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/hj_chen/">Hui Jing Chen</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jackcheng/">Jack Cheng</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kevincheng/">Kevin Cheng</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danachisnell/">Dana Chisnell</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jchristie/">James Christie</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/patrick-clancey/">Patrick Clancey</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrisclark/">Chris Clark</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joeclark/">Joe Clark</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joshclark/">Josh Clark</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andyclarke/">Andrew Clarke</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joshcleland/">Josh Cleland</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/curtcloninger/">Curt Cloninger</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gericoady/">Geri Coady</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gcohen/">Georgy Cohen</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michaelcohen/">Michael Cohen</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scottjasoncohen/">Scott Jason Cohen</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/acolangelo/">Anthony Colangelo</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bradcolbow/">Brad Colbow</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/simoncollison/">Simon Collison</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/angela-colter/">Angela Colter</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mconnelly/">Marie Connelly</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/craigcook/">Craig Cook</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/patrickcooney/">Patrick Cooney</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joscelincooper/">Joscelin Cooper</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/staceycordoni/">Stacey Cordoni</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kcornell/">Kevin Cornell</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/facundo-corradini/">Facundo Corradini</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/acostello/">Amanda Costello</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/coudal/">Jim Coudal</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/abby-covert/">Abby Covert</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nickcox/">Nick Cox</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/simoncox/">Simon Cox</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chriscoyier/">Chris Coyier</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chriscoyiertwitter/">Chris Coyier</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/emanuela-cozzi/">Emanuela Cozzi</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/briancrescimanno/">Brian Crescimanno</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jcroft/">Jeff Croft</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/shauncrowley/">Shaun Crowley</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chip-cullen/">Chip Cullen</a></li><li data-filter="c"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nathancurtis/">Nathan Curtis</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bobulate/">Liz Danzico</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/anildash/">Anil Dash</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/justindauer/">Justin Dauer</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/glenndavis/">Glenn Davis</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/annadebenham/">Anna Debenham</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ddemaree/">David Demaree</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gdimasi/">Geoff DiMasi</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/megdickeykurdziolek/">Meg Dickey-Kurdziolek</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/shanediffily/">Shane Diffily</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/garrettdimon/">Garrett Dimon</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ndisabato/">Nick Disabato</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/hannahdonovan/">Hannah Donovan</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nandinidoreswamy/">Nandini Doreswamy</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rorydouglas/">Rory Douglas</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dmitry-dragilev/">Dmitry Dragilev</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jarrod-drysdale/">Jarrod Drysdale</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sethduffey/">Seth Duffey</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gerry-duffy/">Gerry Duffy</a></li><li data-filter="d"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cathydutton/">Cathy Dutton</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/colineagan/">Colin Eagan</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/eaton/">Jeff Eaton</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jamesedwards/">James Edwards</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/j-davideisenberg/">J. David Eisenberg</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/obinna-ekwuno/">Obinna Ekwuno</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jamesellis/">James Ellis</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jessicaenders/">Jessica Enders</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bjorn-enki/">Bjørn Enki</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/amos-esty/">Amos Esty</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/elikaetemad/">Elika Etemad</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/fevans/">Felicity Evans</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gevans/">Garin Evans</a></li><li data-filter="e"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/meryl-k-evans/">Meryl K. Evans</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/askrom/">Christopher Fahey</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/toddfahrner/">Todd Fahrner</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dugfalby/">Dug Falby</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/karl-fast/">Karl Fast</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/derekfeatherstone/">Derek Featherstone</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scott-fennell/">Scott Fennell</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dez/">Andrew Fernandez</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jferrara/">John Ferrara</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danielferro/">Daniel Ferro</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/afeyerke/">Alex Feyerke</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nickfinck/">Nick Finck</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/spartan/">Richard Fink</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dfischer/">Detlev Fischer</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/carie-fisher/">Carie Fisher</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andyfitzgerald/">Andy Fitzgerald</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dave-fleming/">Dave Fleming</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jonathanfollett/">Jonathan Follett</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/shoshannahl-forbes/">Shoshannah L. Forbes</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nathanford/">Nathan Ford</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/clinton-forry/">Clinton Forry</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jack-franklin/">Jack Franklin</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/deanfrickey/">Dean Frickey</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danielm-frommelt/">Daniel M. Frommelt</a></li><li data-filter="f"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bradfrost/">Brad Frost</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andresgalante/">Andrés Galante</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dezziegarcia/">Dezzie Garcia</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lgardner/">Lyza Gardner</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stevengarrity/">Steven Garrity</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stopsatgreen/">Peter Gasston</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/janice-gervais/">Janice Gervais</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/agibson/">Anne Gibson</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/regine-gilbert/">Regine Gilbert</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jarrodgingras/">Jarrod Gingras</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/johngladding/">John Gladding</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chelseyglasson/">Chelsey Glasson</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/porterglendinning/">Porter Glendinning</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/noah-glushien/">Noah Glushien</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/briangoldman/">Brian Goldman</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kevin/">Kevin Goldman</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dgoldstein/">Devan Goldstein</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/aimeegonzalez/">Aimee Gonzalez-Cameron</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeffgothelf/">Jeff Gothelf</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rsgracey/">R. Stephen Gracey</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stegrainer/">Ste Grainer</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dave-gray/">Dave Gray</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/adamgreenfield/">Adam Greenfield</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tom-greenwood/">Tom Greenwood</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brandongregory/">Brandon Gregory</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/briangreig/">Brian Greig</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mattgriffin/">Matt Griffin</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/patrickgriffiths/">Patrick Griffiths</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jason-grigsby/">Jason Grigsby</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andrewgrimes/">Andrew Grimes</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/johngrohol/">John M. Grohol</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/karl-groves/">Karl Groves</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/agustafson/">Aaron Gustafson</a></li><li data-filter="g"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tgunther/">Tobias Günther</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andyhagans/">Andy Hagans</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/yhahn/">Young Hahn</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erikahall/">Erika Hall</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jessica-hall/">Jessica Hall</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/khalvorson/">Kristina Halvorson</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nazhamid/">Naz Hamid</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/putri-hapsari/">Putri Hapsari</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jessica_harllee/">Jessica Harllee</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brettharned/">Brett Harned</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cydharrell/">Cyd Harrell</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/matthewhaughey/">Matthew Haughey</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/shay/">Steph Hay</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stephenhay/">Stephen Hay</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/juliahayden/">Julia Hayden</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dominiquehazaelmassieux/">Dominique HazaÃ«l-Massieux</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/valhead/">Val Head</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrisheilmann/">Christian Heilmann</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/halhelms/">Hal Helms</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rebeccahemstad/">Rebecca Hemstad</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/benhenick/">Ben Henick</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bhenick/">Ben Henick</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/claudiahernandez/">Claudia Hernández</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alanherrell/">Alan Herrell</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/grahamherrli/">Graham Herrli</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lherrod/">Lisa Herrod</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/whitneyhess/">Whitney Hess</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/perryhewitt/">Perry Hewitt</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lamcooperman/">Jenny Lam / Hillel Cooperman</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/david-hillis/">David Hillis</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ahinton/">Andrew Hinton</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tinganho/">TIngan Ho</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/craighockenberry/">Craig Hockenberry</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rhoekman/">Robert Hoekman Jr.</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/antibland/">Andrew Hoffman</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kevinhoffman/">Kevin M. Hoffman</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/larahogan/">Lara Hogan</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ewestby/">Emma Jane Hogbin Westby</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/anthonyholdener/">Anthony Holdener</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ryanholsten/">Ryan Holsten</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mollyholzschlag/">Molly E. Holzschlag</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/shorton/">Sara Horton</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/byron-houwens/">Byron Houwens</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rosshoward/">Ross Howard</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/greghoy/">Greg Hoy</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bhulin/">Belinda Hulin</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/billhumphries/">Bill Humphries</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lachlan-hunt/">Lachlan Hunt</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lachlan-hunt/">Lachlan Hunt</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/markhuot/">Mark Huot</a></li><li data-filter="h"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bruce-hyslop/">Bruce Hyslop</a></li><li data-filter="i"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/phillipikuvbogie/">Phillip Ikuvbogie</a></li><li data-filter="i"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ryanirelan/">Ryan Irelan</a></li><li data-filter="i"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ryanirelan262/">Ryan Irelan</a></li><li data-filter="i"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/makikoitoh/">Makiko Itoh</a></li><li data-filter="i"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jessica-ivins/">Jessica Ivins</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/charlottejackson/">Charlotte Jackson</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/idajackson/">Ida Jackson</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/denisejacobs/">Denise Jacobs</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bobjacobson/">Bob Jacobson</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/troyjanisch/">Troy Janisch</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scottjehl/">Scott Jehl</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/neiljenkins/">Neil Jenkins</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lesliejenseninman/">Leslie Jensen-Inman</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/aetherpoint/">Andrew Johnson</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/l-michellejohnson/">L. Michelle Johnson</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bronwynjones/">Bronwyn Jones</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cjones/">Colleen Jones</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/glennjones/">Glenn Jones</a></li><li data-filter="j"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/njost/">Natalie Jost</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jkahn/">Jonathan Kahn</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jim-kalbach/">Jim Kalbach</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/laurakalbag/">Laura Kalbag</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chriskaminski/">Chris Kaminski</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/harveykane/">Harvey Kane</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/akaushik/">Avinash Kaushik</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeremykeith/">Jeremy Keith</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scottkellum/">Scott Kellum</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erikkennedy/">Erik Kennedy</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sallykerrigan/">Sally Kerrigan</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/craftui/">Alla Kholmatova</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/katekieferlee/">Kate Kiefer Lee</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/crawfordkilian/">Crawford Kilian</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andrewkirkpatrick/">Andrew Kirkpatrick</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gregkise/">Greg Kise</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erinkissane/">Erin Kissane</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mkliehm/">Martin Kliehm</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/breandan/">Breandán Knowlton</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tkoblentz/">Thierry Koblentz</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/peterpaulkoch/">Peter-Paul Koch</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ckoczon/">Cameron Koczon</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michellekondou/">Michelle Kondou</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mattiaskonradsson/">Mattias Konradsson</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jordankoschei/">Jordan Koschei</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rainypixels/">Nishant Kothary</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jasonkottke/">Jason Kottke</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/katiekovalcin/">Katie Kovalcin</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scottkramer/">Scott Kramer</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/unakravets/">Una Kravets</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michaelkrisher/">Michael Krisher</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erickrock/">Eric Krock</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/scottkubie/">Scott Kubie</a></li><li data-filter="k"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/akuhar/">Andrew Kuhar</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/klaferriere/">Keith LaFerriere</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/olacan/">Olivier Lacan</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dianalakatos/">Diana Lakatos</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/wrenlanier/">Wren Lanier</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/simonst-laurent/">Simon St. Laurent</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/artlawry/">Art Lawry</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/klayon/">Kristofer Layon</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/corylebson/">Cory Lebson</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sharonlee/">Sharon Lee</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tinochop/">Tina Lee</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alefeuvre/">Antoine Lefeuvre</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/travisleithead/">Travis Leithead</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jefflembeck/">Jeff Lembeck</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jason-lengstorf/">Jason Lengstorf</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dlevingelman/">Debra Levin Gelman</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/matthewlevine/">Matthew Levine</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/inayailideleon/">Inayaili León, de</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/donna-lichaw/">Donna Lichaw</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/hakonwiumlie/">HÃ¥kon Wium Lie</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/colinlieberman/">Colin Lieberman</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/zellwk/">Zell Liew</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/davelinabury/">Dave Linabury</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mrodrigue/">Margit Link-Rodrigue</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/carenlitherland/">Caren Litherland</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mllobrera/">Mark Llobrera</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ianlloyd/">Ian Lloyd</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/paulrobertlloyd/">Paul Lloyd</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/plloyd/">Paul Robert Lloyd</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/slockwood/">Sue Lockwood</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michaellopp/">Michael Lopp</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rachel-lovinger/">Rachel Lovinger</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michaellovitt/">Michael Lovitt</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danielludwin/">Daniel Ludwin</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jennlukas/">Jenn Lukas</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erinlynch/">Erin Lynch</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/plynch/">Patrick Lynch</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/samanthalynn/">Samantha Lynn</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kelslundberg/">Kelsey Lynn Lundberg</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tatianamac/">Tatiana Mac</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrismacgregor/">Chris MacGregor</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeffmacintyre/">Jeffrey MacIntyre</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dmacpherson/">Dougal MacPherson</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sorenmadsen/">Søren Madsen</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dennisa-mahoney/">Dennis A. Mahoney</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dmall/">Dan Mall</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rmanning/">Rosie Manning</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/emarcotte/">Ethan Marcotte</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mattymariansky/">Matty Mariansky</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/matmarquis/">Mat Marquis</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/samuelmarshall/">Samuel Marshall</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lisamaria/">Lisa Maria Martin</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/carra-martinez/">Carra Martinez</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/johnmartz/">John Martz</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/manuel-matuzovic/">Manuel Matuzović</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mehdi-maujood/">Mehdi Maujood</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cmcdaniel/">Cassie McDaniel</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ragdoll/">Justin McDowell</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gmcgovern/">Gerry McGovern</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kmcgrane/">Karen McGrane</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mcguanesnare/">Randall Snare and Elizabeth McGuane</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nmckesson/">Nellie McKesson</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/travis-mcknight/">Travis McKnight</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/drewmclellan/">Drew McLellan</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mmcpheeters/">Mica McPheeters</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/petemcvicar/">Pete McVicar</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tmeaney/">Timothy Meaney</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/garann/">Garann Means</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/smedero/">Shawn Medero</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/timmeehan/">Tim Meehan</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jens-oliver-meiert/">Jens Oliver Meiert</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/amentele/">Aaron Mentele</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/michael-j-metts/">Michael Metts</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/emeyer/">Eric Meyer</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erikameyer/">Erika Meyer</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/justinmezzell/">Justin Mezzell</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bojanmihelac/">Bojan Mihelac</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/davidmiller/">David F. Miller</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/robertmiller/">Robert Miller</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/robinmiller/">Robin (roblimo) Miller</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrismills/">Chris Mills</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/wminer/">Wilson Miner</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cmod/">Craig Mod</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cameronmoll/">Cameron Moll</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mmonteiro/">Mike Monteiro</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sam-moore/">Sam Moore</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/petermorville/">Peter Morville</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/trentonmoss/">Trenton Moss</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/amottola/">Alice Mottola</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/leemoyer/">Lee Moyer</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lylemullican/">Lyle Mullican</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rmurphey/">Rebecca Murphey</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brendanmurray/">Brendan Murray</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/murtaugh/">Tim Murtaugh</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ronald-mendez/">Ronald Méndez</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rachelnabors/">Rachel Nabors</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/snelson/">Sarah B. Nelson</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/marknewhouse/">Mark Newhouse</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jorunnd-newth/">Jorunn D. Newth</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/olu-niyiawosusi/">Olu Niyiawosusi</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chris-noessel/">Chris Noessel</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/pnovitski/">Paul Novitski</a></li><li data-filter="n"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/liam-nugent/">Liam Nugent</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/matton/">Matthew O'Neill</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/georgeoates/">George Oates</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kevwe-ochuko/">Kevwe Ochuko</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brandonoelling/">Brandon Oelling</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brandonolejniczak/">Brandon Olejniczak</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/georgeolsen/">George Olsen</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rossolson/">Ross Olson</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/motto/">Mark Otto</a></li><li data-filter="o"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lennartoverkamp/">Lennart Overkamp</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nickpadmore/">Nick Padmore</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/madalyn-parker/">Madalyn Parker</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sazzy/">Sarah Parmenter</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rickpastoor/">Rick Pastoor</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jackpate/">Jack Pate</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/matt-e-patterson/">Matt Patterson</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danaleeee/">Dana Pavlichko</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alanpearce/">Alan Pearce</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jasonpearce/">Jason Pearce</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/spearlman/">Shane Pearlman</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/penmanross/">Ross Penman</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/eva-penzeymoog/">Eva PenzeyMoog</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nperetic/">Nathan Peretic</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/yperezcruz/">Yesenia Perez-Cruz</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dorian/">Dorian Peters</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jon-peterson/">Jon Peterson</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/davepeth/">Dave Peth</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/vpicciafuoco/">Veronica Picciafuoco</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mikepick/">Mike Pick</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jackp/">Jack Pickard</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/heydonworks/">Heydon Pickering</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/apolaine/">Andy Polaine</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/christopheport/">Christophe Porteneuve</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joshuaporter/">Joshua Porter</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/eportis/">Eric Portis</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kevinpotts/">Kevin Potts</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/derekpowazek/">Derek Powazek</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/shelleyp/">Shelley Powers</a></li><li data-filter="p"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sophiavoychehovski/">Sophia Prater</a></li><li data-filter="q"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tillquack/">Till Quack</a></li><li data-filter="q"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/patrickquattlebaum/">Patrick Quattlebaum</a></li><li data-filter="q"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/whitneyq/">Whitney Quesenbery</a></li><li data-filter="q"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/peterquinsey/">Peter Quinsey</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/richardrabil/">Richard Rabil</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bethraduenzel/">Beth Raduenzel</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jimramsey/">Jim Ramsey</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/araszin/">Aza Raskin</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/eleanor-ratliff/">Eleanor Ratliff</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jimray/">Jim Ray</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ourgentlereaders/">Our Gentle Readers</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/aaronrester/">Aaron Rester</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/srichard/">Sam Richard</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/melanie-richards/">Melanie Richards</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stephrieger/">Stephanie Rieger</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nickrigby/">Nick Rigby</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mattriggott/">Matt Riggott</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/christopherrisdon/">Chris Risdon</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dritzenthaler/">Daniel Ritzenthaler</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/christopherrobbins/">Christopher Robbins</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/carolineroberts/">Caroline Roberts</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stuartrobertson/">Stuart Robertson</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/susanrobertson/">Susan Robertson</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/keithrobinson/">D. Keith Robinson</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/richrobinson/">Rich Robinson</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jasonrodriguez/">Jason Rodriguez</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/marcorogers/">Marco Rogers</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mrohde/">Mike Rohde</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/pronalds/">Pepi Ronalds</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/aardrian/">Adrian Roselli</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/stewartrosenberger/">Stewart Rosenberger</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lrosenfeld/">Lou Rosenfeld</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/chrisross-gill/">Chris Ross-Gill</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/drupert/">Dave Rupert</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andyrutledge/">Andy Rutledge</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rrutter/">Richard Rutter</a></li><li data-filter="r"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/josephryan/">Joseph Ryan</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/giansampsonwild/">Gian Sampson-Wild</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jsm/">Jason Santa Maria</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeffsauro/">Jeff Sauro</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/csavarese/">CÃ©dric Savarese</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/suzanne-scacca/">Suzanne Scacca</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/hana-schank/">Hana Schank</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alexschmidt/">Alex Schmidt</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/christopherschmitt/">Christopher Schmitt</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/adamschumacher/">Adam Schumacher</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erinscime/">Erin Scime</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/paulsciortino/">Paul Sciortino</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/thomasscott/">Thomas Scott</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rseddon/">Ryan Seddon</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jana-sedivy/">Jana Sedivy</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tom-shannon/">Tom Shannon</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tomersharon/">Tomer Sharon</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/remy-sharp/">Remy Sharp</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alshaw/">Al Shaw</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/daveshea/">Dave Shea</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/peterksheerin/">Peter K Sheerin</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ericshepherd/">Eric Shepherd</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/robbieshepherd/">Robbie Shepherd</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sophieshepherd/">Sophie Shepherd</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nicksherman/">Nick Sherman</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/davidsherwin/">David Sherwin</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeremiah-shoaf/">Jeremiah Shoaf</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danielshort/">Daniel Short</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/orr-shtuhl/">Orr Shtuhl</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kimsiever/">Kim Siever</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/adamsilver/">Adam Silver</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ambersimmons/">Amber Simmons</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jen-simmons/">Jen Simmons</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/neha-singh/">Neha Singh</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kendra-skeene/">Kendra Skeene</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mslater/">Michael Slater</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dsleight/">David Sleight</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ksmaby/">Kristin Smaby</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jsmiley/">Jonathan Smiley</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/kevinsmith/">Kevin Smith</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/paulsmith/">Paul Smith</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/timothybsmith/">Tim Smith</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jsnook/">Jonathan Snook</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/preston-so/">Preston So</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/esol/">Eric Sol</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sarasoueidan/">Sara Soueidan</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/paulsowden/">Paul Sowden</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/alastaff/">ALA Staff</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/ruthstalkerfirth/">Ruth Stalker-Firth</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/russstarke/">Russ Starke</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/astearns/">Alan Stearns</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/hallvordrmsteen/">Hallvord R.M. Steen</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/joedistefano/">Joe Di Stefano</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bobstein/">Bob Stein</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bramstein/">Bram Stein</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/krista/">Krista Stevens</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/walterstevenson/">Walter Stevenson</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/elliotstokes/">Elliot Stokes</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nstokes/">Noah Stokes</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/airbag/">Greg Storey</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/briansuda/">Brian Suda</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/robswan/">Rob Swan</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/allentan/">Allen Tan</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/tylertate/">Tyler Tate</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/olivierthereaux/">Olivier Thereaux</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dthomas/">Drew Thomas</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/yael-tolub/">Yael Tolub</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nicktucker/">Nick Tucker</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danturner/">Dan Turner</a></li><li data-filter="t"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/emmanuelkingturner/">Emmanuel King Turner</a></li><li data-filter="u"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/runger/">Russ Unger</a></li><li data-filter="u"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nickusborne/">Nick Usborne</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/svaldarrama/">Santiago Valdarrama</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/roelvangils/">Roel Van Gils</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeffreyveen/">Jeffrey Veen</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/dverba/">David Verba</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/leaverou/">Lea Verou</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cvilhauer/">Corey Vilhauer</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sergiovillarreal/">Sergio Villarreal</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cvoogt/">Casper Voogt</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/w3c/">The W3C</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/thew3c/">The W3C QA Group</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sboettcher/">Sara Wachter-Boettcher</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeremy-wagner/">Jeremy Wagner</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/awalter/">Aarron Walter</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danielwarren/">Daniel Warren</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/denicewarren/">Denice Warren</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/samanthawarren/">Samantha Warren</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/danwebb/">Dan Webb</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/webmeadow/">Eileen Webb</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sarawegman/">Sara Wegman</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/roseweisburd/">Rose Weisburd</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/yoavweiss/">Yoav Weiss</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lisawelchman/">Lisa Welchman</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/andy-welfle/">Andy Welfle</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mikewest/">Mike West</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/estellevw/">Estelle Weyl</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/erin-white/">Erin White</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/gregwhitworth/">Greg Whitworth</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/brianwilliams/">Brian Williams</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/oliverwilliams/">Oliver Williams</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mike-wills/">Mike Wills</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/christinawodtke/">Christina Wodtke</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/cwood/">Carolyn Wood</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jeremywright/">Jeremy Wright</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lisawright/">Lisa Wright</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/timwright12/">Tim Wright</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/lwroblewski/">Luke Wroblewski</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/markwyner/">Mark Wyner</a></li><li data-filter="y"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jonyablonski/">Jon Yablonski</a></li><li data-filter="y"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/vyocco/">Victor Yocco</a></li><li data-filter="y"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/indiyoung/">Indi Young</a></li><li data-filter="z"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/nzakas/">Nicholas Zakas</a></li><li data-filter="z"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/jzeal/">Jack Zeal</a></li><li data-filter="z"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/zeldman/">Jeffrey Zeldman</a></li><li data-filter="z"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/samantha-zhang/">Samantha Zhang</a></li><li data-filter="z"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/pingzhu/">Ping Zhu</a></li><li data-filter="l"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/wklang/">wk lang</a></li><li data-filter="m"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mkammerer/">mkammerer</a></li><li data-filter="s"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/sbritt/">sbritt</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/heleenvannues/">Heleen van Nues</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/mdobbelsteen/">Marc van den Dobbelsteen</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/rvandermerwe/">Rian van der Merwe</a></li><li data-filter="v"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/bobbyvandersluis/">Bobby van der Sluis</a></li><li data-filter="w"><a href="https://alistapart.com/author/waferbaby/">  waferbaby</a></li></ul></aside><section id="block-2" class="widget widget_block"><div class="banner"> <a href="https://toddle.dev?utm_source=ala"> <img decoding="async" class="banner-logo" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/A-List-Apart-toddle.png" alt="Toddle.dev Logo" /> <p>The open-source editor for front-end dev teams. Ditch the text editor and get real-time output and cross-team collaboration.</p> </a> </div> <div class="banner ala-banner"> <a href="https://abookapart.com/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/logo_a-book-apart-color.png" alt="A Book Apart Logo" class="banner-logo" /> <p>A Book Apart:<br> Brief books for people who make websites.</p> </a> </div></section></aside> </div> </div>  </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"> <nav class="footer-navigation footer navigation-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="menu-footer-pages-container"><ul id="footer-top-left-menu" class="footer-top-left-menu"><li id="menu-item-6000544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000544"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/" itemprop="url">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000545" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000545"><a href="https://alistapart.com/authors/" itemprop="url">Authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000546" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000546"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/masthead/" itemprop="url">Masthead</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000547" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000547"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/style-guide/" itemprop="url">Style Guide</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000548" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000548"><a href="https://alistapart.com/contact/" itemprop="url">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000549" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000549"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/sponsor/" itemprop="url">Sponsorships</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-footer-social-container"><ul id="footer-top-right-menu" class="footer-top-right-menu"><li id="menu-item-6000550" class="footer-menu-title menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6000550"><a itemprop="url">Follow us:</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7171602" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7171602"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/rss-feed/" itemprop="url">RSS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000553" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6000553"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/alistapart" itemprop="url">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000554" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6000554"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/alistapart" itemprop="url">Twitter</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="widget-area footer-widget-area-wrap"> <div class="widget-area footer-widget-area"> <section id="custom_html-7" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div class="footer-promo"> <a href="https://abookapart.com"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i0.wp.com/alistapart.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/promo_aba_2.jpg?w=960&ssl=1" alt="A Book Apart. Brief books for people who design, write, and code."> <div class="footer-promo-copy"> <p class="promo-title">A Book Apart</p> <p>Brief books for people who design, write, and code.</p> <p>Bundle books and save!</p> <p class="arrow">Shop now</p> </div> </a> </div> </div></section> </div> </div> <div class="site-info-wrap"> <div class="site-info"> <p> ISSN 1534-0295 · Copyright © <span itemprop="copyrightYear"> 1998–2025</span> <span itemprop="copyrightHolder"> A List Apart & Our Authors</span> </p> <p> <a href="https://wordpress.com/wp/?partner_domain=alistapart.com&utm_source=Automattic&utm_medium=colophon&utm_campaign=Concierge%20Referral&utm_term=alistapart.com" class="imprint" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Proudly powered by WordPress.</a> <a href="https://pressable.com/?utm_source=Automattic&utm_medium=rpc&utm_campaign=Concierge%20Referral&utm_term=concierge" class="imprint" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hosted by Pressable.</a> </p> </div> </div> <nav class="footer-navigation footer navigation-bottom"> <ul id="footer-bottom-left-menu" class="footer-bottom-left-menu"><li id="menu-item-6000555" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6000555"><a href="https://alistapart.com/about/copyright/" itemprop="url">Permissions & Copyright</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000556" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-6000556"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://alistapart.com/about/privacy-policy/" itemprop="url">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6000558"><a href="https://webtype.com/" itemprop="url">Fonts by Webtype</a></li> </ul><ul id="footer-bottom-right-menu" class="footer-bottom-right-menu"><li id="menu-item-6000559" class="aea menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6000559"><a href="http://aneventapart.com/" itemprop="url"><span class="screen-reader-text">An Event Apart</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-6000560" class="aba menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6000560"><a href="http://abookapart.com/" itemprop="url"><span class="screen-reader-text">A Book Apart</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> </footer> </div> <script type="text/template" id="tmpl-subscriber-only-message"> <div class="coil-message-inner"> <div class="coil-message-header"> <# if ( data.headerLogo ) { #> {{{data.headerLogo}}} <# } #> <# if ( data.title ) { #> <p class="coil-message-title">{{data.title}}</p> <# } #> <# if ( data.content ) { #> <p class="coil-message-content">{{data.content}}</p> <# } #> <# if ( data.button.href ) { #> <a target="_blank" href="{{data.button.href}}" class="coil-message-button">{{data.button.text}}</a> <# } #> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="tmpl-streaming-widget-message"> <div class="streaming-widget"> <# if ( data.widget.href ) { #> <a target="_blank" href="{{data.widget.href}}"> <# if ( data.headerLogo ) { #> <img src="{{data.headerLogo}}"> <# } #> <# if ( data.widget.text ) { #> <div> {{data.widget.text}} </div> <# } #> </a> <# } #> <span class="streaming-widget-dismiss" id="js-streaming-widget-dismiss">×</span> </div> </script>  <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)  })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');   ga('create', 'UA-11757054-1', 'auto');  ga('send', 'pageview');   </script>  <div style="display:none"> <div class="grofile-hash-map-6b8678eaf5e766cac050585a98b44ccb"> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/navigation.js?ver=20151215" id="ala-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/prism/prism.js?ver=1.0" id="ala-prism-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js?ver=20151215" id="ala-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/ala-filter.js?ver=1619116970" id="ala-filter-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/adchecka.js?ver=1.0" id="ala-adchecka-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/ala/js/loadadchecka.js?ver=1.0" id="ala-loadadchecka-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/js/gprofiles.js?ver=202511" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://149572954.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/wpgroho.js?ver=14.5-a.3" id="wpgroho-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"158094726\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-4\",\"srv\":\"alistapart.com\",\"hp\":\"atomic\",\"ac\":\"3\",\"amp\":\"0\",\"j\":\"1:14.5-a.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "158094726", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202511.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var t = document.createElement( 'script' ); t.type = 'text/javascript'; t.async = true; t.id = 'gauges-tracker'; t.setAttribute( 'data-site-id', '606492000b21314ec4b22148' ); t.src = '//secure.gaug.es/track.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName( 'script' )[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore( t, s ); })(); </script> </body> </html>