CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tg" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Рене Декарт — Википедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tgwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Январ","Феврал","Март","Апрел","Май","Июн","Июл","август","сентябр","Октябр","ноябр","Декабр"],"wgRequestId":"eb242e90-8347-4db4-9e7f-86942b9eec6f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Рене_Декарт","wgTitle":"Рене Декарт","wgCurRevisionId":1324353,"wgRevisionId":1324353,"wgArticleId":278478,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Википедия:Мақолаҳои бо сарчашма аз Викидода","Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭМТ навишта шудаанд","Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN","Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Зодагони 31 март","Зодагони соли 1596", "Википедия:Саҳифаҳо бо занҷираи ҷуғрофии гуногунмаъно","Зодагони Фаронса","Даргузаштагони 11 феврал","Даргузаштагони соли 1650","Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи","Шахсиятҳо аз рӯи алифбо","Олимон аз рӯи алифбо","Риёзидонон аз рӯи алифбо","Риёзидонони Фаронса","Риёзидонони асри XVII","Механикон аз рӯи алифбо","Механикони Фаронса","Механикони асри XVII","Физикдонон аз рӯи алифбо","Физикдонони Фаронса","Физикдонони асри XVII","Рене Декарт","Файласуфон","Файласуфон аз рӯи алифбо"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Рене_Декарт","wgRelevantArticleId":278478,"wgUserVariant":"tg","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tg","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tg"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9191","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.logo","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.blpEditNotice", "ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.sidebarRelated","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1469"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/800px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="979"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/640px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="783"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Рене Декарт — Википедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="вироиш" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (tg)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tg.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg-Latn" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&variant=tg-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tg"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Барои Википедиа Atom Хабархон" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Рене_Декарт rootpage-Рене_Декарт skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Оғоза" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Оғоза</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Оғоза</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гаштан </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Бозгашт ба саҳифаи аслӣ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Саҳифаи аслӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дар бораи лоиҳа ва чи корҳоро метавонед кард"><span>Вуруди корбарон</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ёфтани иттилооти пешзамина перомуни рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ"><span>Рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рӯйхати тағйиротҳо дар Википедия [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Тағйироти охирин</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Овардани як саҳифаи тасодуфӣ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Саҳифаҳои тасодуфӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Гузаштан ба Роҳнамо."><span>Роҳнамо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="донишномаи озод" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ҷустуҷӯ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" aria-label="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Вижа:Ҷустуҷӯ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ҷустуҷӯ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зоҳир" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Зоҳир</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg" class=""><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест" class=""><span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Зиндагинома" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зиндагинома"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Зиндагинома</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зиндагинома-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Фалсафа" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фалсафа"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Фалсафа</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фалсафа-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эзоҳ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эзоҳ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Эзоҳ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эзоҳ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Адабиёт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адабиёт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Адабиёт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адабиёт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Рене Декарт</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 174 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">174 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%94_%E1%8B%B4%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ረኔ ዴካርት – амҳарӣ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ረኔ ዴካርት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амҳарӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रने देकार्त – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رينيه ديكارت – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رينيه ديكارت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B7" title="روني ديكارط – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روني ديكارط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رينيه ديكارت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رينيه ديكارت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ৰেনে ডিকাৰ্ট – ассомӣ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰেনে ডিকাৰ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассомӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रने देकार्त – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Dekart" title="Rene Dekart – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rene Dekart" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A6_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رنئ دکارت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رنئ دکارت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C4%97_Dekarts" title="Renė Dekarts – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Renė Dekarts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рэнэ Дэкарт – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэнэ Дэкарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рэнэ Дэкарт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэнэ Дэкарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रेने देकार्त – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रेने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8D%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="র‍্যনে দেকার্ত – бинғолӣ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="র‍্যনে দেকার্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бинғолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="རོས་ནེ་དེ་ཁར་ཏེ། – тибетӣ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རོས་ནེ་དེ་ཁར་ཏེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – бретонӣ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Декарт, Рене – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Декарт, Рене" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8E_%D8%AF%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ڕێنێ دێکارت – курдии марказӣ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێنێ دێکارت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="курдии марказӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – валлӣ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои хуб"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84" title="Ρενέ Ντεκάρτ – юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρενέ Ντεκάρτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato_Kartezio" title="Renato Kartezio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Renato Kartezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رنه دکارت – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنه دکارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes%27i_Ren%C3%A9" title="Descartes'i René – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Descartes'i René" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – фарерӣ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – фризии ғарбӣ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="фризии ғарбӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – ирландӣ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%92" title="笛卡兒 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="笛卡兒" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – шотландии гэлӣ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландии гэлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – гуаранӣ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – ҳауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ҳауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="רנה דקארט – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנה דקארט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रेने देकार्त – ҳиндӣ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ҳиндӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – гаитии креолӣ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитии креолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ռենե Դեկարտ – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռենե Դեկարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Байни забонӣ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Байни забонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesio" title="Cartesio – италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cartesio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ルネ・デカルト – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルネ・デカルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renei_Deikaat" title="Renei Deikaat – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Renei Deikaat" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rynes_dekart" title="rynes dekart – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rynes dekart" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Ҷаванизӣ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ҷаванизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="რენე დეკარტი – гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რენე დეკარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81_%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F" title="រីណេ ដេកាត – кхмерӣ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រីណេ ដេកាត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ರೆನೆ ಡೆಸ್ಕಾರ್ಟೆ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೆನೆ ಡೆಸ್ಕಾರ್ಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="르네 데카르트 – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르네 데카르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – курдӣ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renatus_Cartesius" title="Renatus Cartesius – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Renatus Cartesius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Descartes" title="Rene Descartes – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rene Descartes" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – люксембургӣ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesi" title="Cartesi – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cartesi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C4%93_Dekarts" title="Renē Dekarts – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Renē Dekarts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रने देकार्त – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рэнэ Дэкарт – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рэнэ Дэкарт" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – малагасӣ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – мақдунӣ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мақдунӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="റെനെ ദെക്കാർത്ത് – малаяламӣ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെനെ ദെക്കാർത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – муғулӣ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="муғулӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रेने देकार्त – маратҳӣ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – малтӣ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7" title="ရနေး ဒေးကာ့ – бирманӣ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရနေး ဒေးကာ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رنه دکارت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رنه دکارت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B8" title="रेने डेसकार्टस – непалӣ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेने डेसकार्टस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="रेने देस्कार्तेस् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रेने देस्कार्तेस्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – окситанӣ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਰਨੇ ਦੇਕਾਰਤ – панҷобӣ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਨੇ ਦੇਕਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панҷобӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – папиаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%92_%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="رینے ڈیکارٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رینے ڈیکارٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="رنه دیکارت – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رنه دیکارت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Декарт, Рене – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Декарт, Рене" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – киняруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киняруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="रने देकार्त – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रने देकार्त" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱨᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱮᱠᱟᱨᱛ – санталӣ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱮᱠᱟᱨᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="санталӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesiu" title="Cartesiu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cartesiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD" title="ڊيڪارٽ – синдӣ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊيڪارٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rini_Dikar%E1%B9%AD" title="Rini Dikarṭ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rini Dikarṭ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="රෙනේ ඩෙකාට් – сингалӣ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රෙනේ ඩෙකාට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%92_%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="رینے ڈیکارٹ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="رینے ڈیکارٹ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ABne_Dekart" title="Rëne Dekart – албанӣ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rëne Dekart" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/lye-ney.ti-al" title="lye-ney.ti-al – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="lye-ney.ti-al" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ரெனே டேக்கார்ட் – тамилӣ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரெனே டேக்கார்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="డెకార్ట్ – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డెకార్ట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="เรอเน เดการ์ต – тайӣ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรอเน เดการ์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Dekart" title="Rene Dekart – туркманӣ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rene Dekart" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Декарт, Рене – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Декарт, Рене" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рене Декарт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%92_%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="رینے ڈیکارٹ – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رینے ڈیکارٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartezio" title="Cartezio – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cartezio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekart_Rene" title="Dekart Rene – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Dekart Rene" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="勒内·笛卡尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="რენე დეკარტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რენე დეკარტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="רענע דעקארט – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רענע דעקארט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔 – хитоӣ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勒内·笛卡尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хитоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%92" title="笛卡兒 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="笛卡兒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="René Descartes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%A7%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%92" title="勒內·笛卡兒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="勒內·笛卡兒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Таҳрири пайвандҳои байнизабонӣ" class="wbc-editpage">Вироиши пайвандҳо</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Фазоҳои ном"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Намоиши таркиби саҳифа [c]" accesskey="c"><span>мақола</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Баҳси матни таркибии ин саҳифа (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>мубоҳисавӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">кирилликӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-tg mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&variant=tg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg"><span>кирилликӣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-tg-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&variant=tg-latn" lang="tg-Latn" hreflang="tg-Latn"><span>lotinī</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Назарот"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=history" title="Нусхаи охирини ин саҳифа. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҷаъбаи абзор" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҷаъбаи абзор</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Абзорҳо</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=history"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Умумӣ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳое, ки ба ин саҳифа пайванд доранд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Пайвандҳо ба ин саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" rel="nofollow" title="Тағйироти охир ин саҳифаҳое, ки ин саҳифа ба онҳо пайванд дорад [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Тағйироти монандӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tg" title="Фиристодани аксҳо ё медиа-файлҳо [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Фиристодани парванда</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳои вижа [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Саҳифаҳои вижа</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&oldid=1324353" title="Пайванди доимӣ ба ин нусха аз ин саҳифа"><span>Пайванди доимӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Иттилооти саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&id=1324353&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Ёд кардани пайванди ин мақола</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%2594%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582"><span>Гирифтани URL-и кӯтоҳшуда</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%2594%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Нусхаи чопии ин саҳифа [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Нусхаи чопӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дигар лоиҳаҳо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" hreflang="en"><span>Викианбор</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9191" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элементи Викидода</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зоҳир</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox-bb2aa738eb8b3ff1 vcard" style="" data-name="Олим"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above fn" style="background:#eaecf0;"><center>Рене Декарт</center></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="nickname" style="text-align:center; font-style:normal;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$8F69D146-AE36-49A5-A085-33FD34F4E495" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1559[LANGUAGE!:TG]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Забони фаронсавӣ">фр.</a> <span lang="fr" style="font-style:italic;">René Descartes</span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$DC3615A9-4011-417A-B029-28A2E7D44971" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1559[LANGUAGE!:TG]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ">лот.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">Renatus Cartesius</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="align:center"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$1A1C4100-A515-408D-A85B-AC083CAA4845" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/274px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/411px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/548px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Таърихи таваллуд</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q9191$4B517FD6-3E48-44C3-BF51-A57026E55B7C" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P569"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/31_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="31 март">31 март</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1596" title="Соли 1596">1596</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1596-03-31</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_fb872ab551514270_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_fb872ab551514270-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_c8e7022f80fde834_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_c8e7022f80fde834-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9191#P569" class="extiw" title="d:Q9191">[…]</a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Зодгоҳ</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q9191$434FF059-9CEE-4C95-86B2-3B1FFC15586E" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P19"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Descartes&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q320299&preloadparams%5B%5D=Descartes&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Descartes</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320299" class="extiw" title="d:Q320299">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-hash="d0a7f256ebcdfd58a6e98ecf865036751076270f" class="wikidata-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Touraine&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q605051&preloadparams%5B%5D=Touraine&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Touraine</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605051" class="extiw" title="d:Q605051">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-hash="2b7d86f7555d9e77641e33f3f283b88021a5e49a" class="wikidata-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q70972&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Подшоҳии Фаронса</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70972" class="extiw" title="d:Q70972">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_a29635d3901612e8_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_a29635d3901612e8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Таърихи даргузашт</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q9191$263E4148-86A2-40BF-90D8-42E6777D0F96" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P570"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/11_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="11 феврал">11 феврал</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1650" title="Соли 1650">1650</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1650-02-11</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_fb872ab551514270_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_fb872ab551514270-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_c8e7022f80fde834_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_c8e7022f80fde834-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9191#P570" class="extiw" title="d:Q9191">[…]</a></sup> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(53 сол)</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Маҳалли даргузашт</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q9191$A9C21710-59A3-4600-BEED-480CC13C8E32" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P20"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Стокҳолм">Стокҳолм</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Суэд">Суэд</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_fb872ab551514270_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_fb872ab551514270-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_4b3ff49c9091dbbf_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_4b3ff49c9091dbbf-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Кишвар</th> <td class="adr plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$3D11FBC1-D532-4F91-8D42-15E1A1CA9DA1" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P27"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/20px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/30px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/40px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Фаронса">Фаронса</a></span></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Фазои илмӣ</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$fd21cc90-84a8-416c-ab1d-3809bc41a75f" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Фалсафа">фалсафа</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$2e870e60-4ecf-bbda-1387-e8baff7e6071" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Метафизик">метафизик</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$e16cf930-4b8d-57ed-2d3f-a55cac0225ea" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Маърифатшиносӣ">эпистемология</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$e3d3befc-4670-9884-ab4a-5da8b6b9fe5b" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%82" title="Риёзиёт">риёзиёт</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$47897301-4f74-dfb9-1bf0-4c0f8827e614" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Механика">механика</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$EFED3BA4-3763-4FD1-B75C-A3C42999925B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cartesianism&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q379226&preloadparams%5B%5D=Cartesianism&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Cartesianism</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379226" class="extiw" title="d:Q379226">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$BC77496F-2037-4E42-983B-746733474A0F" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=rationalism&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q483024&preloadparams%5B%5D=rationalism&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">rationalism</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483024" class="extiw" title="d:Q483024">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$5A7A6E65-BD41-4743-8BF2-E7E192E163B8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физик</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$86F63254-9348-4DAD-A479-EAB4852D17B1" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика">нуршиносӣ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$873BCD78-FFC8-45DF-860F-166FC5A3CD96" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D3%A3&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q193544&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D3%A3&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">назарияи мусиқӣ</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193544" class="extiw" title="d:Q193544">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ва <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$1FDBD9A9-B69E-4196-BD78-AF24E5F8BF08" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=sound&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q11461&preloadparams%5B%5D=sound&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">sound</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11461" class="extiw" title="d:Q11461">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алма-матер">Алма-матер</a></th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q9191$0482FDA6-21FC-4EC1-916A-9E6FFC37CE38" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=coll%C3%A8ge+Henri-IV+de+La+Fl%C3%A8che&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q2983591&preloadparams%5B%5D=coll%C3%A8ge+Henri-IV+de+La+Fl%C3%A8che&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">collège Henri-IV de La Flèche</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2983591" class="extiw" title="d:Q2983591">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_a29635d3901612e8_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_a29635d3901612e8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$7272E0A6-6945-499F-940F-177BCBE5109D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Донишгоҳи Лейден">Донишгоҳи Лейден</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$A3D3A7BB-8FFA-40C5-98F2-4B211668B9E9" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q221653&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Донишгоҳи Утрехт</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221653" class="extiw" title="d:Q221653">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$73CE74B7-C525-4726-9B85-7219C9900831" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prytan%C3%A9e+National+Militaire&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q271&preloadparams%5B%5D=Prytan%C3%A9e+National+Militaire&preloadparams%5B%5D=Қуттии+ҳамагонӣ"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Prytanée National Militaire</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271" class="extiw" title="d:Q271">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Роҳбари илмӣ</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$2701243b-4195-3ff8-ea21-c987bb662e8b" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P184"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac+Beeckman&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q783040&preloadparams%5B%5D=Isaac+Beeckman&preloadparams%5B%5D=Олим"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Isaac Beeckman</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783040" class="extiw" title="d:Q783040">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_982b3f72b239f5a6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_982b3f72b239f5a6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ва <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$f8a68fa8-4974-f3ea-e1c6-fe0bacc57a4f" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P184"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacobus+Golius&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q1368345&preloadparams%5B%5D=Jacobus+Golius&preloadparams%5B%5D=Шахс"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Jacobus Golius</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368345" class="extiw" title="d:Q1368345">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_982b3f72b239f5a6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_982b3f72b239f5a6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Шогирдон</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$4A184E1B-30DD-4230-B7C0-C23D47A7422A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P802"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gilles-Fran%C3%A7ois+Boulduc&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q2421235&preloadparams%5B%5D=Gilles-Fran%C3%A7ois+Boulduc&preloadparams%5B%5D=Шахс"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">Gilles-François Boulduc</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2421235" class="extiw" title="d:Q2421235">[d]</a></sup></span></span> ва <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$874f8d67-46a2-afb1-af16-faef0be7b8f2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P802"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9&action=edit&editintro=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/editintro&preload=Шаблон:Мақола_нест/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q18197541&preloadparams%5B%5D=Ren%C3%A9+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9&preloadparams%5B%5D=Шахс"><span style="color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333); text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration-color: var(--color-destructive, #d73333);">René Fédé</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18197541" class="extiw" title="d:Q18197541">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="plainlist">Имзо</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$2a7b6236-43c4-96f0-d1c0-e3d5a130a2b6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P109"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Firma_Descartes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Имзо" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Firma_Descartes.svg/180px-Firma_Descartes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Firma_Descartes.svg/270px-Firma_Descartes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Firma_Descartes.svg/360px-Firma_Descartes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="25" /></a></span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #ddd; background:#eaeaea;;"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tg.wikiquote.org/wiki/fr:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="Логотипи Викигуфтовард"><img alt="Логотипи Викигуфтовард" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://tg.wikiquote.org/wiki/fr:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="extiw" title="q:fr:René Descartes">Гуфтовардҳо</a></b> дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Викигуфтовард">Викигуфтовард</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #ddd; background:#eaeaea;;"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Auteur:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="Логотипи Викитека"><img alt="Логотипи Викитека" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Auteur:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="extiw" title="s:fr:Auteur:René Descartes">Осор</a></b> дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Викитека">Викитека</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #ddd; background:#eaeaea;;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9191$3c88c6c1-4f14-e57a-ca01-c2ad2641f4c8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="commons:Category:René Descartes"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:René Descartes">Парвандаҳо дар Викианбор</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Рене́ Дека́рт</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Забони фаронсавӣ">фр.</a> <span lang="fr" style="font-style:italic;">René Descartes</span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Алифбои овонигории байналмилалӣ">[ʁəˈne deˈkaʁt]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ">лот.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">Renatus Cartesius</span> — Картезий; <a href="/wiki/31_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="31 март">31 марти</a> <a href="/wiki/1596" class="mw-redirect" title="1596">1596</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_(%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Декарт (Эндр ва Луара) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Лаэ</a> (устони <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Турен (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Турен</a>), ҳозира Декарт (департаменти <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эндр ва Луара (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Эндр ва Луара</a>) — <a href="/wiki/11_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="11 феврал">11 феврали</a> <a href="/wiki/1650" class="mw-redirect" title="1650">1650</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Стокҳолм">Стокҳолм</a>) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84" title="Файласуф">файласуф</a> , <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Математика">риёзидон</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Механика">механик</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Физикдон">физикдон</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Корандомшиносӣ">корандомшиноси</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Фаронса">фаронсавӣ</a>, бунёдгузори <a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Ҳандасаи таҳлилӣ">ҳандасаи таҳлилӣ</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зиндагинома"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Зиндагинома</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Зиндагинома" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Зиндагинома"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Мактаби иезуитии Ла Флешро (1612) хатм карда, дар артиши Нидерланд (1617—1619) ва Олмон (1618—1621) хидмат кардааст. Баъд ба сафари Аврупо баромад. Дар Нидерландия зиндагӣ мекард ва дар он ҷо асарҳои асосии худ - «Олам ё рисола дар бораи нур», «Мулоҳизаҳо дар бораи метод», «Мадхали асосии фалсафа»-ро навишт. Дар фалсафаи Рене Декарт қоидаву усулҳое, ки бар асоси риёзӣ ва мантиқ қомат афрохта буданд, ба вуҷуд омад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Фалсафа"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.81.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B0"></span>Фалсафа</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Фалсафа" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Фалсафа"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Рене Декапт яке аз саромадони «фалсафаи нав» ва илми навине мебошад, ки таҷдиди назар кардан ба тамоми анъанаи гузаштаро тақозо мекард. Ба фикри ӯ, дониши дорои аҳаммияти фалсафӣ бояд аз тариқи худшиносии «Ман»-и фикркунанда офарида шавад. Аз ин рӯ, Рене Декарт бори аввал дар таърихи фалсафа роҳнамоии ақлро ба миён гузошта, озод шудани динро аз хурофотҳои пешина ва баҳо додан ба онро танҳо дар ҷаҳорчӯбаи ақлу хирад ҷоиз медонад. Ақлро Рене Декарт шомили ду восита ё худ абзори маърифат-интуитсия ва дедуксия медонад. Аввалӣ дарку фаҳмиши дурусту боэътимоди ақл аст. Як амали одӣ билофосила бо нури ақл фурӯзон хоҳад шуд. Дар ҳолати интуитсия мафҳуми фикршавандаро аз мавҷудот ҷудо кардан мумкин нест. Мафҳуми пайдошуда минбаъд аз тариқи дедуксия, аналогия ва ғ. такмил меёбад. Ин воситаи маърифат методи дуруст ё худ интихоби роҳи дурусти дарки мавҷудотро талаб мекунад. Яке аз ин роҳҳо анализи мавриди истифода дар геометрия мебошад. </p><p>Риёзӣ ҳамчун дониши саҳеҳ ин роҳро нишон медиҳад ва тартибу ҳудуди ашёи мавриди таҳқиқро муайян мекунад. Тартиби дуруст истифода аз дедуксия мебошад, ки ҳолатҳои мушкилу мураккабро ба ҳолати содаю одӣ медарорад. Минбаъд бо роҳи муқоиса ва усули айният фарқияти мавҷудотро муайян мекунанд. </p><p>Дар асоси ин метод Рене Декарт сохтори муқадимотии фалсафаро созмон медиҳад. Ӯ фалсафаро шабеҳи дарахте медонад, ки онро ба метафизика, физика ва дигар бахшҳои илмӣ тақсим намудан мумкин аст. Метафизика, ба фикри Рене Декарт бахши аввали фалсафа аст, ки асосҳои он ҳамчун решаи дарахт ба воситаи идроки ақлӣ дарк мешавад. Нахустмояи он иборат аст аз (1) мавҷудияти дақиқ, шубҳанок, дорои қобилияти фикр ва бидуни ҷисм; (2) мавҷудияти Худо. Эътиқоди муқаддамотӣ маҳз ба боварии экзистенсиалӣ (вуҷудӣ) ишора мекунад. Ба ибораи дигар, аз худбоварии экзистенсиалӣ мавҷудияти Худо собит карда мешавад: «Ман вуҷуд дорам, пас Худо низ вуҷуд дорад». Аз ин қазия муҳокимаҳои дигарро низ баровардан мумкин аст: «Ман фикр мекунам, пас ман вуҷуд дорам» ва «Ман мефаҳмам, пас ман дорои фикр мебошам, ки аз ҷисм фарқ мекунад». </p><p>Ин нуктаи таълимоти ба ғояи дини масеҳӣ роҷеъ ба мавҷудияти воқеии Худованд асос ёфтааст, зеро ӯ таъкид мекунад, ки «Худо вуҷуд дорад, пас мо низ вуҷуд дорем ва вуҷуди мо аз вуҷуди ӯ вобаста аст». Аз назари ҳастӣ собит намудани мавҷудияти Худо дар таълимоти Рене Декарт ду ҷанбаъ дорад. Ҷанбаи аввал ғояи ҳифзи ҳаёти инсон дар лаҳзаҳои муайян, яъне «ҳар чизе, ки бо қувваи худ моро нигоҳ медорад»-Худо аст. Ҷанбаи дуюм дар асоси дарки беохири «Ман»-и Рене Декарт Худо шинохта мешавад. Яъне ӯ Худоро дар худ ба таври субъект (на субъективӣ) ниҳон дорад. Назарияи Рене Декарт ду фалсафаю табиатшиносӣ таъсири амиқ гузошта, дертар дар таълимоти Спиноза ташаккул ёфт. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эзоҳ"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.B7.D0.BE.D2.B3"></span>Эзоҳ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Эзоҳ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Эзоҳ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_fb872ab551514270-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_fb872ab551514270_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_fb872ab551514270_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_fb872ab551514270_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q13433827" data-entity-id="Q20635302"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wallace_(philosopher)" class="extiw" title="en:William Wallace (philosopher)">W. W.; X.</a></i> <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Référence:Encyclopædia_Britannica_1911">Descartes, René</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони инглисӣ">(ингл.)</span> // <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>: <i>a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information</i><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> / <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" class="extiw" title="en:Hugh Chisholm">H. Chisholm</a> — 11 — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ню-Йорк">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%B7" title="Кембриҷ">Cambridge, England</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="extiw" title="en:Cambridge University Press">University Press</a>, 1911. — Vol. 8. — P. 79—90.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_c8e7022f80fde834-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_c8e7022f80fde834_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_c8e7022f80fde834_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q36524 citetype_Q7094076 citetype_Q27031827 citetype_Q595971" data-entity-id="Q19938912"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11899775j">идентификатор BNF</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони фавронсавӣ">(фр.)</span>: платформаи додаҳои боз<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 2011.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_ce9dfad1b5fdb805_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q35127" data-entity-id="Q547473"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Descartes/">Архив по истории математики Мактьютор</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 1994.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_a29635d3901612e8-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_a29635d3901612e8_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_a29635d3901612e8_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q47461344 citetype_Q3511132 citetype_Q7094076" data-entity-id="Q379406"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=16475">Renatus Cartesius</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони шведӣ">(швед.)</span><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 1917.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_4b3ff49c9091dbbf-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_4b3ff49c9091dbbf_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q3331189" data-entity-id="Q17378135">Декарт Рене // <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" class="extiw" title="ru:Большая советская энциклопедия (третье издание)">Большая советская энциклопедия</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони русӣ">(рус.)</span>: [в 30 т.]<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> / под ред. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Прохоров">А. М. Прохорова</a> — 3-е изд. — <span title="Москва" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">М.</span>: <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" class="extiw" title="ru:Большая российская энциклопедия (издательство)">Советская энциклопедия</a>, 1969.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-1">6.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-2">6.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-3">6.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-4">6.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-5">6.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-6">6.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-7">6.7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_b7f69b1f3c9b1093_6-8">6.8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q856638 citetype_Q1982918 citetype_Q36524" data-entity-id="Q13550863"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001725">Чешская национальная авторитетная база данных</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_982b3f72b239f5a6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_982b3f72b239f5a6_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_982b3f72b239f5a6_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q7094076 citetype_Q33002955 citetype_Q114955954" data-entity-id="Q829984"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=125358">Математическая генеалогия</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке забони инглисӣ">(ингл.)</span><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 1997.</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адабиёт"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.82"></span>Адабиёт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Адабиёт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Адабиёт"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFЭМТ2016">Декарт Рене / М. Ҳазратқулов // Ғ — Дироя. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Душанбе">Д</span>. : <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сарредаксияи илмии Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик">СИЭМТ</a>, 2016. — (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик">Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик</a> : <span class="nowrap">[<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232970">.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}</style><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="То ҳол 11 ҷилд чоп шудааст, нашр идома дорад.">тахм. 25 ҷ.</span>]</span> / <span class="nowrap"> сармуҳаррир <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Нурмуҳаммад Амиршоҳӣ">Н. Амиршоҳӣ</a></span> ; 2011—2023, ҷ. 5). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/9789994733675" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-99947-33-67-5</a>.</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навигационный шаблон" data-name="External links"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0 35px 0 0; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дидани ин шаблон"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9191#identifiers" title="Гузариш ба унсури Викидода"><img alt="Гузариш ба унсури Викидода" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/14px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/21px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/28px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div>  Тасвир, видео ва садо</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcdb.com/Person.cfm/pid/177470/">TCDb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Вебгоҳҳои мавзӯъӣ</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=125358">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:descartes.rene">zbMATH Open Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Descartes/">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/René%20Descartes">nLab</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=37035.html">AlloCiné</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/3594153">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1548818">Бонки Иттилоотии Интернетии Филмҳо</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Descartes,_René">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/05099e0b-bbb1-4aca-97b8-7eca9fbae68a">MusicBrainz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/44">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/artists/435090">RKDartists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/17208">ECARTICO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Фарҳангҳо ва донишномаҳо</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/&id=René_Descartes">Большая датская</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0022091.xml">Большая каталанская</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=137514">Большая китайская</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=136767">Большая китайская</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/René_Descartes">Большая норвежская</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/c/dekart-rene-01cca8">Большая российская (научно-образовательный портал)</a></li> <li><a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Декарт, Рене">Брокгауза и Ефрона</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/matematika/DEKART_RENE.html">Кругосвет</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/René_Descartes/116208">Ларусса</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/musdico/René_Descartes/167190">Ларусса</a></li> <li><a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Декарт">Малый Брокгауза и Ефрона</a></li> <li><a href="https://tg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%A1%D0%A0/%D0%92%D0%A2/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" class="extiw" title="s:МСР/ВТ/Декарт">Музыкальный Римана</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravenc.ru/text/171611.html">Православная</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/">Стэнфордская философская</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=14710">Хорватская</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/René Descartes">Britannica (9-th)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Descartes,_Ren%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Descartes, René">Britannica (11-th)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Descartes">Britannica (онлайн)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/René Descartes">Catholic (1907—13)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04744b.htm">Catholic (1997—…)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Cartèsio,+Renato.html">De Agostini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118524844.html">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/074/000084819/">Notable Names Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3891981.html">PWN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/la-rivoluzione-scientifica-i-protagonisti-rene-descartes_(Storia-della-Scienza)">Treccani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rene-descartes">Treccani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/rene-descartes/">Universalis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/descartes-r-en-bref/">Universalis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/descartes-reperes-chronologiques/">Universalis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=16475">Шведский биографический</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Таборшиносӣ ва некрополистика</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8404">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/30179108">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Descartes-3">WikiTree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116160">.mw-parser-output .ts-navbox-plaintitle{font-size:100%!important;margin:0 6em!important}</style></div><table class="nowraplinks authoritycontrol collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th scope="colgroup" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Дар_феҳристҳои_китобшинохтӣ" class="ts-navbox-plaintitle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em">Дар феҳристҳои китобшинохтӣ</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>BIBSYS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90060650">90060650</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Catalonia" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BNC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10436066">a10436066</a></li> <li><span title="Biblioteca Nacional de España" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BNE</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX990358">XX990358</a></li> <li><span title="Китобхонаи миллии Фаронса" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BNF</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11899775j">11899775j</a></li> <li><span title="Biografisch Portaal" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BPN</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/59351556">59351556</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/03291202">03291202</a></li> <li><span title="China Academic Library and Information System" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">CALIS</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.calis.edu.cn/aopac/ajsp/detail.jsp?actionfrom=1&actl=CAL++n2004375164">n2004375164</a></li> <li>CiNii: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00162931">DA00162931</a></li> <li><span title="CONOR.SI" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">CONOR</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/5220707">5220707</a></li> <li><span title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">EGAXA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/processed/EGAXA%7Cvtls001010328">vtls001010328</a></li> <li><span title="Идораи нормативии умумӣ" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">GND</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118524844">118524844</a></li> <li><span title="Common Thesaurus of Audiovisual Archives" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">GTAA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.beeldengeluid.nl/gtaa/92970">92970</a></li> <li><span title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ICCU</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=CFIV009080">CFIV009080</a></li> <li><span title="International Standard Name Identifier" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ISNI</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121296144">0000000121296144</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Israel" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">J9U</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260305505171">987007260305505171</a></li> <li><span title="Library of Congress Control Number" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LCCN</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79061201">n79061201</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Latvia" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LNB</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000032223">000032223</a></li> <li><span title="National Diet Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NDL</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00437738">00437738</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of China" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLC</span>: : 037958787</li> <li><span title="National Library of the Czech Republic" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NKC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001725&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19990001725</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Australia" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35035074">35035074</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Greece" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLG</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.62574">62574</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Romania" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLR</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.bibnat.ro/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000063723">000063723</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Poland" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLP</span>: : a0000001178642</li> <li><span title="National and University Library in Zagreb" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NSK</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&local_base=nsk10&doc_number=000026514">000026514</a></li> <li><span title="KB National Library of the Netherlands" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NTA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p068457170">068457170</a></li> <li>NUKAT: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2094206168">n94206168</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Portugal" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">PTBNP</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/processed/PTBNP%7C15120">15120</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Sweden" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LIBRIS</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl02209622nvnn9">nl02209622nvnn9</a></li> <li>SUDOC: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027287165">027287165</a></li> <li><span title="Vatican Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">VcBA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_11871">495/11871</a></li> <li>VIAF: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41838958/">41838958</a></li> <li><span title="WorldCat" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">WorldCat VIAF</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/41838958">41838958</a></li> <li><span title="Union List of Artist Names" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ULAN</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500223252">500223252</a></li> <li><span title="National Library of Russia" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">РНБ</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webservices.nlr.ru/semweb/?method=afnlr&query=NLR10%3A%3ARU%5CNLR%5CAUTH%5C77116595">77116595</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webservices.nlr.ru/semweb/?method=afnlr&query=NLR10%3A%3ARU%5CNLR%5CAUTH%5C779329">779329</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Рене_Декарт&oldid=1324353">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Рене_Декарт&oldid=1324353</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳҳо</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Pages using the JsonConfig extension (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_31_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Гурӯҳ:Зодагони 31 март">Зодагони 31 март</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1596" title="Гурӯҳ:Зодагони соли 1596">Зодагони соли 1596</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D2%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Википедия:Саҳифаҳо бо занҷираи ҷуғрофии гуногунмаъно (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Википедия:Саҳифаҳо бо занҷираи ҷуғрофии гуногунмаъно</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Гурӯҳ:Зодагони Фаронса">Зодагони Фаронса</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_11_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Гурӯҳ:Даргузаштагони 11 феврал">Даргузаштагони 11 феврал</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1650" title="Гурӯҳ:Даргузаштагони соли 1650">Даргузаштагони соли 1650</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Шахсиятҳо аз рӯи алифбо">Шахсиятҳо аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Олимон аз рӯи алифбо">Олимон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Риёзидонон аз рӯи алифбо">Риёзидонон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Риёзидонони Фаронса (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Риёзидонони Фаронса</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_XVII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Риёзидонони асри XVII (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Риёзидонони асри XVII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Механикон аз рӯи алифбо">Механикон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Механикони Фаронса (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Механикони Фаронса</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_XVII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Механикони асри XVII (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Механикони асри XVII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Физикдонон аз рӯи алифбо">Физикдонон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Физикдонони Фаронса (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Физикдонони Фаронса</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8_XVII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Физикдонони асри XVII (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Физикдонони асри XVII</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Рене Декарт (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Рене Декарт</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гурӯҳ:Файласуфон">Файласуфон</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Файласуфон аз рӯи алифбо">Файласуфон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Гурӯҳҳои пинҳон: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Гурӯҳ:Википедия:Мақолаҳои бо сарчашма аз Викидода">Википедия:Мақолаҳои бо сарчашма аз Викидода</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B5,_%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%9C%D0%A2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гурӯҳ:Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭМТ навишта шудаанд">Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭМТ навишта шудаанд</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Гурӯҳ:Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN">Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 4 Декабри 2022, 13:02 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. Ниг. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қоидаҳои истифодаро</a> барои маълумоти бештар.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Сиёсати ҳифзи асрор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0">Дар бораи Википедиа</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3">Такзибнома</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Таҳиягарон</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tg.wikipedia.org">Омор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Созишномаи куки</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Намуди мобилӣ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-khxd6","wgBackendResponseTime":2006,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.267","walltime":"1.831","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2533,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":127140,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8946,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":37,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":9874,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":50,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1733.354 1 -total"," 83.71% 1451.032 1 Шаблон:Файласуф"," 81.72% 1416.506 1 Шаблон:Қуттӣ"," 12.32% 213.622 1 Шаблон:Wikidata/p569"," 11.48% 199.072 1 Шаблон:ПБ"," 8.02% 139.072 6 Шаблон:Wikidata"," 5.52% 95.671 1 Шаблон:Қуттӣ/номи_аслӣ"," 3.14% 54.394 1 Шаблон:Wikidata/p570"," 2.69% 46.714 1 Шаблон:ЭМТ"," 2.48% 42.928 1 Шаблон:Нашр"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.077","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16599926,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"Custom label provided for Q2576989\nUnmatched any pattern: «W. W.; X.»\nCustom label provided for Q5607942\ntokenizeName: «Hugh Chisholm»: have «Im (x1) Fa» match\nGot person name of Q193563 from label: «Bibliothèque nationale de France»\nEntity Q193563 is not a person\nCustom label provided for Q2576989\nUnmatched any pattern: «W. W.; X.»\nCustom label provided for Q5607942\ntokenizeName: «Hugh Chisholm»: have «Im (x1) Fa» match\nGot person name of Q193563 from label: «Bibliothèque nationale de France»\nEntity Q193563 is not a person\nCustom label provided for Q2576989\nUnmatched any pattern: «W. W.; X.»\nCustom label provided for Q5607942\ntokenizeName: «Hugh Chisholm»: have «Im (x1) Fa» match\nCustom label provided for Q83552\ntokenizeName: «А. М. Прохорова»: have «Im (x2) Fa» match\nLoaded datatype wikibase-item of P184 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype wikibase-item of P802 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","340","30.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","18.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","160","14.5"],["?","140","12.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getSiteLinkPageName","60","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::addStatementUsage","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::addTitleOrSiteLinksUsage","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::get","40","3.6"],["(for generator)","20","1.8"],["[others]","20","1.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-khxd6","timestamp":"20241124142506","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0414\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442","url":"https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9191","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9191","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-08-24T08:21:52Z","dateModified":"2022-12-04T13:02:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>