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class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Cari </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigasi pengguna"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Inggris</h1> <div class="tagline"> negara di Eropa barat laut, bagian dari Britania Raya </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Bahasa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Bahasa </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Inggris&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Pantau </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Sunting </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Untuk negara berdaulat yang meliputi Inggris, Skotlandia, Wales dan Irlandia Utara, lihat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> Inggris (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: England) adalah sebuah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_konstituen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negara konstituen">negara konstituen</a> atau <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_bagian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negara bagian">negara bagian</a> yang merupakan bagian dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[6]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[7]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[8]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> berada di sebelah utara negara bagian ini dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wales">Wales</a> di sebelah barat, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Irlandia">Laut Irlandia</a> di barat laut, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Keltik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Keltik">Laut Keltik</a> di barat daya, serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a> di sebelah timur dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selat_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selat Inggris">Selat Inggris</a>, yang memisahkannya dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benua_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benua Eropa">benua Eropa</a>, di sebelah selatan. Sebagian besar wilayah Inggris terdiri dari bagian tengah dan selatan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulau_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulau Britania Raya">Pulau Britania Raya</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantik_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantik Utara">Atlantik Utara</a>. Inggris juga mencakup lebih dari 100 pulau kecil seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepulauan_Scilly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepulauan Scilly">Kepulauan Scilly</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulau_Wight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulau Wight">Pulau Wight</a>. <table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"> <div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name"> Inggris </div> <div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"> England (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>) </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"> <div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_England.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Inggris"><img alt="Bendera Inggris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/125px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/188px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/250px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></a> </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bendera_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bendera Inggris">Bendera</a> </div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Royal_arms_of_England.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Inggris"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/70px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/105px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/140px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"></a> </div> <div style="font-size:90%;"> Lambang </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div style="line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semboyan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>: "God and my right"<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"> <div style="line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: Tidak ada (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_jure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De jure">de jure</a>) <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/God_Save_the_King?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>/Queen (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_facto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De facto">de facto</a>) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi  Inggris  (hijau tua) – di benua Eropa  (hijau muda & abu-abu tua) – di Britania Raya  (hijau muda)"><img alt="Lokasi  Inggris  (hijau tua) – di benua Eropa  (hijau muda & abu-abu tua) – di Britania Raya  (hijau muda)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/250px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/375px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/500px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720"></a> <div style="font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;"> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"> Lokasi  Inggris  (hijau tua) – di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benua_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benua Eropa">benua Eropa</a>  (hijau muda & abu-abu tua) – di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>  (hijau muda) </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ibu_kota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a> <div style="font-weight:normal"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar kota di Inggris">(dan kota terbesar)</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_resmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_facto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De facto">de facto</a>)<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[catatan 1]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bahasa daerah yang diakui </th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Cornwall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Cornwall">Cornwall</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelompok_etnik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelompok etnik">Kelompok etnik</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2009 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[4]</a>) </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">87,5% <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulit_putih?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulit putih">Kulit putih</a> 6,0% <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> 2,9% <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulit_hitam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulit hitam">Kulit hitam</a> 1,9% Ras campuran 0,8% <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tionghoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a> 0,8% Lain-lain</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemerintahan</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_konstituen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negara konstituen">Negara konstituen</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devolusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devolusi">non-devolusi</a> dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarki_konstitusional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki konstitusional">monarki konstitusional</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarki_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarki Britania Raya">Penguasa Monarki</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perdana Menteri Britania Raya">Perdana Menteri Britania Raya</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keir_Starmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legislatif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Britania Raya">Parlemen Britania Raya</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografi Inggris">Luas </a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">  - Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">130,395 km2</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demografi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demografi Inggris">Penduduk</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">  - Perkiraan 2019 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">56.286.961</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">  - Sensus Penduduk 2011 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">53.013.000<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2011census-6">[5]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">  - <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepadatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">432/km2</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mata_uang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poundsterling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Poundsterling">Poundsterling</a> (<code><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">GBP</a></code>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zona_waktu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">GMT (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>0)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">  - Musim panas (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waktu Musim Panas">DST</a>) </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+1 (BST)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalender?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalender">Format tanggal</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">HH/BB/TTTT (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anno_Domini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">kiri</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">+44</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_pelindung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santo pelindung">Santo pelindung</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo George">Santo George</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.uk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".uk">.uk</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[catatan 2]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"> <div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTemplat:Infobox_country%26action%3Dedit%26section%3Dtop%26editintro%3DTemplat:Infobox/editintro2">Sunting kotak info</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templat:Infobox country">Lihat</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country">Bicara</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Bantuan penggunaan templat ini </figcaption> </figure> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Wilayah yang saat ini bernama Inggris pertama kali dihuni oleh manusia modern selama periode <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleolitikum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paleolitikum">Paleolitikum</a>. Nama "England" berasal dari kata "<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Angles">Angles</a>", yang merupakan salah satu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orang-orang_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orang-orang Jermanik">suku Jermanik</a> yang menetap di sana pada abad ke-5 dan ke-6. Inggris menjadi negara yang bersatu pada tahun 927 M, dan sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zaman_Penjelajahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Penjelajahan">Zaman Penjelajahan</a> yang dimulai pada abad ke-15, Inggris telah memberikan pengaruh budaya dan hukum yang signifikan ke berbagai belahan dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[9]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">Bahasa Inggris</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglikanisme">Gereja Anglikan</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Inggris">hukum Inggris</a>, yang menjadi dasar sistem hukum umum bagi negara lain di seluruh dunia, berasal dan dikembangkan di Inggris, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistem_parlementer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistem parlementer">sistem parlementer</a> negara ini juga telah banyak diadopsi oleh negara-negara lain.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[10]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a> yang dimulai pada abad ke-18 menjadikan Inggris sebagai negara industri pertama di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[11]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> Inggris juga berperan penting dalam meletakkan dasar-dasar sains eksperimental modern terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[12]</a> Topografi Inggris sebagian besar terdiri dari perbukitan dan dataran rendah, terutama di Inggris bagian tengah dan selatan. Dataran tinggi terdapat di bagian utara (misalnya, pegunungan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=District_Danau&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="District Danau (halaman belum tersedia)">District Danau</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pennines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pennines">Pennines</a>, serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales</a>) dan di barat daya (misalnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dartmoor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cotswolds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cotswolds">Cotswolds</a>). Ibu kota Inggris dahulunya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, kemudian digantikan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a> pada tahun 1066. Saat ini, London merupakan daerah metropolitan terbesar di Britania Raya dan zona perkotaan terbesar di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> berdasarkan luas wilayah.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[catatan 3]</a> Penduduk Inggris berjumlah sekitar 53 juta jiwa, atau sekitar 84% dari total populasi Britania Raya, sebagian besarnya terkonsentrasi di London, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Tenggara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Tenggara">Inggris Tenggara</a>, dan kawasan-kawasan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konurbasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konurbasi">konurbasi</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midlands,_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Midlands, Inggris">Midlands</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Barat_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Barat Laut">Barat Laut</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Timur_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Timur Laut">Timur Laut</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, masing-masing wilayah ini dikembangkan sebagai daerah industri utama selama abad ke-19. Sedangkan kawasan padang rumput terdapat di luar wilayah kota-kota besar. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Inggris">Kerajaan Inggris</a> (setelah tahun 1284 juga termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wales">Wales</a>) adalah sebuah negara berdaulat sampai tanggal 1 Mei 1707. Kemudian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Kesatuan_1707&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Kesatuan 1707 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Kesatuan</a> yang menyatakan bahwa Kerajaan Inggris dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Skotlandia">Kerajaan Skotlandia</a> disatukan secara politik untuk membentuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Britania Raya">Kerajaan Britania Raya</a> disahkan pada tahun 1707.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[13]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[14]</a> Pada tahun 1801, Britania Raya bersatu dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Irlandia">Kerajaan Irlandia</a> dengan disahkannya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Kesatuan_1800&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Kesatuan 1800 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Kesatuan 1800</a> dan kemudian namanya berganti menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Bersatu_Britania_Raya_dan_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia">Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia</a>. Pada tahun 1922, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_Bebas_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negara Bebas Irlandia">Negara Bebas Irlandia</a> berdiri sebagai suatu domini yang terpisah, tetapi enam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County">county</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlandia_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlandia Utara">Irlandia Utara</a> tetap memilih untuk menjadi bagian dari Britania Raya, yang kemudian namanya diubah lagi menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara</a>, yaitu konteks negara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> yang dikenal hingga sekarang ini. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Daftar isi</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologi">1 Etimologi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sejarah">2 Sejarah</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zaman_prasejarah">2.1 Zaman prasejarah</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zaman_pertengahan">2.2 Zaman pertengahan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zaman_modern_awal">2.3 Zaman modern awal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zaman_kontemporer">2.4 Zaman kontemporer</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografi">3 Geografi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lanskap_dan_sungai">3.1 Lanskap dan sungai</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Iklim_inggris">3.2 Iklim inggris</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politik">4 Politik</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hukum">4.1 Hukum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pembagian_administratif">4.2 Pembagian administratif</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Simbol_nasional">4.3 Simbol nasional</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ekonomi">5 Ekonomi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi">5.1 Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transportasi">5.2 Transportasi</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demografi">6 Demografi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bahasa">6.1 Bahasa</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Agama">6.2 Agama</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pendidikan">7 Pendidikan</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kesehatan">7.1 Kesehatan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Perkotaan">7.2 Perkotaan</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Budaya">8 Budaya</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arsitektur">8.1 Arsitektur</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cerita_rakyat">8.2 Cerita rakyat</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kuliner">8.3 Kuliner</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Seni_rupa">8.4 Seni rupa</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sastra,_puisi_dan_filsafat">8.5 Sastra, puisi dan filsafat</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Seni_pertunjukan">8.6 Seni pertunjukan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Museum,_perpustakaan_dan_galeri">8.7 Museum, perpustakaan dan galeri</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Olahraga">8.8 Olahraga</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lihat_pula">9 Lihat pula</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Catatan">10 Catatan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referensi">11 Referensi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografi">11.1 Bibliografi</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pranala_luar">12 Pranala luar</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:446px;max-width:446px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:62px;max-width:62px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Britain_breakup.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Britain_breakup.svg/60px-Britain_breakup.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="770"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 60px;height: 98px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Britain_breakup.svg/60px-Britain_breakup.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="60" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Britain_breakup.svg/90px-Britain_breakup.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Britain_breakup.svg/120px-Britain_breakup.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_England.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/150px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/150px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/225px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/300px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg/70px-UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="974"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 70px;height: 103px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg/70px-UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="70" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg/105px-UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg/140px-UK_Outline_and_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow" style="display:flex"> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terminologi_Kepulauan_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terminologi Kepulauan Britania">Miskonsepsi</a> antara England (Inggris) dengan United Kingdom (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>). </div> </div> </div> </div> Nama "Inggris" (England) berasal dari kata Englaland dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Inggris kuno">bahasa Inggris kuno</a>, yang berarti "tanah Angles".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[15]</a> Angles ini adalah salah satu dari suku-suku <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orang-orang_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orang-orang Jermanik">Jermanik</a> yang menetap di Britania Raya selama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan Awal</a>. Suku Angles ini berasal dari semenanjung <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Angeln&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Angeln (halaman belum tersedia)">Angeln</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Teluk_Kiel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Teluk Kiel (halaman belum tersedia)">Teluk Kiel</a>, wilayah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Baltik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Baltik">Laut Baltik</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[16]</a> Menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>, penggunaan pertama yang diketahui dari kata "England" untuk merujuk pada bagian selatan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulau_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulau Britania Raya">Pulau Britania Raya</a> terjadi pada tahun 897, dan ejaan modern untuk kata ini pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1538.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[17]</a> Penyebutan awal untuk kata England secara tertulis terdapat dalam karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> yang berjudul <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania">Germania</a> pada abad ke-1, yang menggunakan kata Anglii.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fordham-21">[18]</a> Etimologi dari nama itu sendiri masih diperdebatkan oleh para sejarawan, dikatakan bahwa nama England ini sebenarnya berasal dari kata Angeln.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[19]</a> Sedangkan istilah yang digunakan untuk menyebut nama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, yang digunakan untuk menyebut keseluruhan negara dan penduduknya tidak diketahui asalnya, tetapi diperkirakan bahwa kata ini digunakan karena kebiasaan memanggil orang-orang Jermanik yang menetap di Pulau Britania Raya dengan sebutan Angli Saxones atau English Saxons.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[20]</a> Perlu dicatat juga bahwa dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Gaelik_Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia">bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia</a> (bahasa lain yang berkembang di Pulau Britania), sebutan untuk Saxon ini adalah "Sasunn", diperkirakan bahwa kata ini diberikan oleh suku Saxon.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[21]</a> Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albion">Albion</a>. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul dalam karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aristoteles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corpus_Aristotelicum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corpus Aristotelicum (halaman belum tersedia)">Corpus Aristotelicum</a> pada abad ke-4 SM.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-massey-25">[22]</a> Disebutkan bahwa: "Di luar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilar-pilar_Herkules?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilar-pilar Herkules">pilar-pilar Herkules</a> terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britannia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britannia">Britannia</a>; yang terdiri dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albion">Albion</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandia">Ierne</a>".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-massey-25">[22]</a> Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Latin">Latin</a> albus, yang berarti putih, untuk merujuk ke <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tebing_putih_Dover&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tebing putih Dover (halaman belum tersedia)">tebing putih Dover</a>, yang merupakan satu-satunya bagian dari Pulau Britania yang terlihat dari daratan Eropa,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[23]</a> atau bisa juga kata ini berasal dari frasa di dalam manuskrip <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massaliote_Periplus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massaliote Periplus (halaman belum tersedia)">Massaliote Periplus</a>, yaitu "Pulau Albiones".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[24]</a> Kata Albion saat ini digunakan untuk menyebut Inggris dalam kapasitas yang lebih puitis.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Nama roman lain untuk Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lloegyr&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lloegyr (halaman belum tersedia)">Loegria</a>, yang terkait dengan sebutan dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Wales">bahasa Wales</a> untuk Inggris (Lloegr), dan penggunaannya ini dipopulerkan dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raja_Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raja Arthur">legenda Raja Arthur</a>. Penggunaan istilah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="England">England</a> (Inggris) terkadang dikaitkan dengan entitas lain semisal <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> atau <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (Britania Raya), walaupun entitas-entitas tersebut memiliki perbedaan mendasar.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[26]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zaman_prasejarah">Zaman prasejarah</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman prasejarah" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Stonehenge_(sun).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Sun shining through row of upright standing stones with other stones horizontally on the top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg/220px-Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg/220px-Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg" data-alt="Sun shining through row of upright standing stones with other stones horizontally on the top." data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg/330px-Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg/440px-Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stonehenge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>, sebuah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monumen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monumen">monumen</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neolitikum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neolitikum">Neolitikum</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Bukti awal yang berkenaan dengan keberadaan manusia di wilayah yang saat ini dikenal sebagai Inggris diperkirakan dihuni oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homo_antecessor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a> sekitar 780.000 tahun yang lalu. Kerangka proto-manusia tertua ditemukan di Inggris dan diduga berasal dari 500.000 tahun yang lalu.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[27]</a> Manusia modern diketahui telah menghuni wilayah Inggris pada periode <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleolitikum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paleolitikum">Paleolitikum Atas</a>, meskipun pemukiman permanen baru terbentuk dalam 6000 tahun terakhir.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[28]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Setelah akhir periode <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zaman_es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zaman es">zaman es</a>, hanya mamalia besar seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mammoth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bison">bison</a> dan badak purba yang menghuni wilayah ini. Kira-kira 11.000 tahun yang lalu, ketika lapisan es mulai surut, manusia kembali menghuni Inggris. Penelitian genetik menunjukkan bahwa mereka datang dari bagian utara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iberia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iberia">Semenanjung Iberia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[30]</a> Saat permukaan laut lebih rendah dari sekarang ini, Pulau Britania bersatu dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulau_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulau Irlandia">Pulau Irlandia</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurasia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[31]</a> Namun saat permukaan laut naik, Britania terpisah dari Irlandia 10.000 tahun yang lalu, dan selanjutnya juga terpisah dari Eurasia dua milenium kemudian. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Beaker&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Beaker (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebudayaan Beaker</a> memasuki Britania kira-kira tahun 2500 SM. Kebudayaan ini memperkenalkan perkakas makanan dan minuman yang terbuat dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanah_liat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanah liat">tanah liat</a> dan tembaga.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[32]</a> Periode ini juga merupakan periode dibangunnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monumen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monumen">monumen</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neolitikum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neolitikum">Neolitikum</a> seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stonehenge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Avebury&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Avebury (halaman belum tersedia)">Avebury</a>. Dengan teknik pemanasan timah dan tembaga yang ketersediaannya melimpah di wilayah itu, orang-orang Beaker ini mulai membuat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perunggu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perunggu">perunggu</a>, dan kemudian memproduksi besi dari bijih besi. Berkembangnya teknik peleburan besi menyebabkan pembuatan mesin <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bajak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bajak">bajak</a>, dan pada akhirnya menghasilkan pertanian yang lebih maju serta produksi senjata yang lebih efektif.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[33]</a> Menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_T._Koch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John T. Koch (halaman belum tersedia)">John T. Koch</a> dan sejarawan lainnya, Inggris pada periode Zaman Perunggu Akhir adalah bagian dari kebudayaan jaringan perdagangan maritim yang disebut sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Perunggu_Atlantik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zaman Perunggu Atlantik (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Perunggu Atlantik</a> yang mencakup seluruh Kepulauan Britania dan sebagian besar wilayah-wilayah yang saat ini dikenal dengan nama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iberia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iberia">Iberia</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Keltik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Keltik">Bahasa Keltik</a> juga berkembang di wilayah-wilayah tersebut.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koch2009-37">[34]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[35]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Painting of woman, with outstretched arm, in white dress with red cloak and helmet, with other human figures to her right and below her to the left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/170px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1001"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/170px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg" data-alt="Painting of woman, with outstretched arm, in white dress with red cloak and helmet, with other human figures to her right and below her to the left." data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/255px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg/340px-Queen_Boudica_by_John_Opie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boudica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boudica">Boudica</a> memimpin pemberontakan melawan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Selama periode <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zaman_Besi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zaman Besi">Zaman Besi</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelt">budaya Keltik</a>, yang berasal dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budaya_Hallstatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya Hallstatt">budaya Hallstatt</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budaya_La_T%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya La Tène">budaya La Tène</a>, tiba dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eropa_Tengah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eropa Tengah">Eropa Tengah</a>. Britonik adalah bahasa lisan yang digunakan pada masa itu. Masyarakat menetap secara kesukuan. Menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ptolemy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> dalam manuskrip <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geographia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographia">Geographia</a>, terdapat kurang lebih 20 suku berbeda yang menetap di wilayah tersebut. Namun, suku-suku yang terbentuk sebelum itu tidak diketahui karena orang-orang Britonik ini buta huruf. Seperti wilayah lainnya yang berada di batas Kekaisaran, Britania telah lama menjalin hubungan perdagangan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Romawi">bangsa Romawi</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julius_Caesar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republik_Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republik Romawi">Republik Romawi</a> berusaha untuk menyerang Pulau Britania dua kali pada tahun 55 SM, tetapi sebagian besar tidak berhasil. Pada akhirnya Caesar berhasil mendirikan kerajaan klien di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinovantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trinovantes">Trinovantes</a>. Romawi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penaklukan_Romawi_di_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Romawi di Britania">menginvasi Britania</a> pada tahun 43 M pada masa pemerintahan Kaisar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, dan wilayah itu selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam Kekaisaran Romawi dengan nama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britania Romawi">Provinsi Britania</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[37]</a> Suku-suku lokal yang berusaha melawan di antaranya adalah suku <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catuvellauni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catuvellauni">Catuvellauni</a> yang dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caratacus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caratacus">Caratacus</a>. Kemudian, pemberontakan yang dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boudica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boudica">Boudica</a>, Ratu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iceni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iceni">Iceni</a>, yang berakhir dengan aksi bunuh diri Boudica menyusul kekalahannya dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pertempuran_Watling_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pertempuran Watling Street">Pertempuran Watling Street</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[38]</a> Selama periode ini, terjadi dominasi dari kebudayaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunia_Yunani-Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunia Yunani-Romawi">Yunani-Romawi</a> dengan diperkenalkannya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hukum Romawi">hukum Romawi</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arsitektur_Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsitektur Romawi">arsitektur Romawi</a>, sistem pembuangan, alat-alat pertanian, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutra">sutra</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[39]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[40]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[41]</a> Pada abad ke-3, Kaisar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septimius_Severus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> meninggal dunia di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantinus_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantinus I">Konstantinus</a> kemudian memproklamasikan kekaisarannya atas wilayah Britania.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[42]</a> Ada perdebatan mengenai kapan agama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> pertama kali diperkenalkan, diperkirakan waktunya selambat-lambatnya pada abad ke-4, tetapi ada juga pendapat yang menyatakan bahwa agama Kristen telah masuk ke Britania lebih awal. Menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beda_Venerabilis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beda Venerabilis">St. Beda</a>, misionaris dikirim dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paus_Eleutherius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus Eleutherius">Paus Eleutherius</a> atas permintaan raja <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lucius_dari_Britania&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lucius dari Britania (halaman belum tersedia)">Lucius dari Britania</a> pada tahun 180.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[43]</a> Pada tahun 410, kekuasaan Romawi di Britania mulai menurun, tentara Romawi yang ada di Britania ditarik kembali untuk mempertahankan perbatasan di benua Eropa dan ikut serta dalam perang sipil.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-james_anglosaxons-47">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zaman_pertengahan">Zaman pertengahan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman pertengahan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Studded and decorated metallic mask of human face." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/220px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="2791"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 315px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/220px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" data-alt="Studded and decorated metallic mask of human face." data-width="220" data-height="315" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/330px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/440px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ketopong upacara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo_Saxon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo Saxon">Anglo Saxon</a> dari abad ke-7 yang ditemukan di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sutton_Hoo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Penarikan tentara Romawi membuat Inggris terbuka atas serangan dari suku-suku pagan dan tentara pelaut yang berasal dari barat daya Eropa, terutama suku Angles, Saxon, dan Jute, yang sudah lama menduduki pesisir timur Britania dan selanjutnya mulai membangun pemukiman.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-james_anglosaxons-47">[44]</a> Pengaruh mereka tetap bertahan selama berdekade-dekade lamanya hingga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suku_Briton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Briton">suku Briton</a> berhasil memenangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Gunung_Badon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pertempuran Gunung Badon (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Gunung Badon</a>. Setelah itu, Britania kembali jatuh ke tangan Briton pada akhir abad ke-6. Agama Kristen turut menghilang seiring jatuhnya Romawi, tetapi diperkenalkan kembali oleh para <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Misionaris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Misionaris">misionaris</a> dari Romawi yang dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agustinus_dari_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustinus dari Canterbury">Agustinus</a> sejak tahun 597 dan seterusnya, serta oleh misionaris Irlandia bernama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aidaan_dari_Lindisfarne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aidaan dari Lindisfarne (halaman belum tersedia)">Aidan</a> pada periode yang sama.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[45]</a> Selama periode ini, Britania diperintah oleh para pendatang yang kemudian juga terpecah menjadi beberapa suku, tetapi pada abad ke-7, suku-suku ini bergabung menjadi beberapa kerajaan seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Anglia_Timur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Anglia Timur">Anglia Timur</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Essex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Kent">Kent</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Sussex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Sussex">Sussex</a>. Dalam beberapa abad kemudian, proses konsolidasi politik terus berlanjut.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[46]</a> Pada abad ke-7, terjadi perebutan hegemoni antara Northumbria dan Mercia, perselisihan ini diakhiri dengan kemenangan Mercia pada abad ke-8.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[47]</a> Pada abad ke-9, kejayaan Mercia digantikan oleh kebangkitan Wessex. Pada abad itu juga terjadi peningkatan serangan-serangan yang dilancarkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, yang kemudian berhasil menaklukkan Inggris bagian utara dan timur serta menggulingkan pemerintahan Northumbria, Mercia, dan Anglia Timur. Wessex, di bawah pemerintahan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_yang_Agung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred yang Agung">Alfred yang Agung</a>, tersisa sebagai satu-satunya kerajaan Inggris yang masih berdiri. Setelah Alfred wafat, Wessex terus berkembang dan diperluas lagi dengan menaklukkan Kerajaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danelaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>. Perkembangan Wessex ini membuat kesempatan untuk menyatukan Inggris secara politik semakin besar. Penyatuan ini pada akhirnya berhasil dilakukan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athelstan_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Athelstan dari Inggris">Athelstan</a> pada tahun 953 setelah berdamai dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eadred_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eadred dari Inggris">Eadred</a>. Gelombang serangan baru dari bangsa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skandinavia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> pada akhir abad ke-10 berakhir dengan ditaklukkannya kerajaan bersatu ini oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> pada tahun 1013 dan kemudian oleh putranya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_yang_Agung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knut yang Agung">Knut</a>, pada tahun 1016. Penaklukan ini membuat Inggris memasuki periode singkat sebagai bagian dari imperium <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a> yang juga terdiri dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norwegia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a>. Namun, pada tahun 1042, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_sang_Pengaku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward sang Pengaku">Edward sang Pengaku</a> berhasil merebut kembali tanah Inggris. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt,_1415.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, 1415." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/220px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="345"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/220px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png" data-alt="King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, 1415." data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/330px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png/440px-King_Henry_V_at_the_Battle_of_Agincourt%2C_1415.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_V_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry V dari Inggris">Raja Henry V</a> pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Agincourt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pertempuran Agincourt (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Agincourt</a>, yang berakhir dengan kemenangan Inggris atas <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Seratus_Tahun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Seratus Tahun">Perang Seratus Tahun</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Setelah pemerintahan Edward, pasukan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandia">Normandia</a>, di bawah pimpinan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_sang_Penakluk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William sang Penakluk">William sang Penakluk</a>, berhasil <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penaklukan_Normandia_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Normandia di Inggris">menaklukkan Inggris</a> pada tahun 1066.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[48]</a> Bangsa Normandia ini sendiri berasal dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skandinavia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> dan telah menetap di Norman (Prancis Utara) pada akhir abad ke-9 dan awal abad ke-10.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[49]</a> Penaklukan ini menyebabkan jatuhnya periode budaya berbahasa Inggris dan digantikan oleh aristokrasi baru yang berbahasa Prancis. Perubahan ini pada akhirnya memiliki efek yang mendalam dan permanen terhadap perkembangan bahasa Inggris kedepannya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[50]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_Plantagenet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa Plantagenet">Wangsa Plantagenet</a> dari Anjou mewarisi takhta Inggris, dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_II_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry II dari Inggris">Henry II</a> yang menjabat sebagai Raja Inggris. Pada periode ini, Inggris berhasil memperluas kerajaannya hingga ke Prancis dan juga mewarisi takhta dari Kerajaan Prancis, termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adipati_Aquitaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adipati Aquitaine (halaman belum tersedia)">Aquitaine</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bartlett-54">[51]</a> Inggris memerintah Prancis selama tiga abad lamanya, di bawah pemerintahan raja-raja seperti: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard I dari Inggris">Richard I</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward I dari Inggris">Edward I</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_III_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward III dari Inggris">Edward III</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_V_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry V dari Inggris">Henry V</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bartlett-54">[51]</a> Pada periode ini juga terjadi perubahan besar dalam bidang perdagangan dan undang-undang, termasuk pengesahan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magna_Carta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>, yang merupakan piagam hukum Inggris yang digunakan untuk membatasi kekuasaan raja berdasarkan hukum dan juga melindungi hak-hak penduduk merdeka. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monastisisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monastisisme">Monastisisme</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> juga berkembang pada periode ini, yang menghasilkan filsuf-filsuf serta dibangunnya universitas-universitas seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas Oxford">Universitas Oxford</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas Cambridge">Cambridge</a> oleh patronase kerajaan. Kerajaan Wales diambil alih oleh Plantagenet pada abad ke-13,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[52]</a> sedangkan Ketuanan Irlandia dihadiahkan kepada monarki Inggris oleh Paus. Selama abad ke-14, Plantagenet dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_Valois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa Valois">Wangsa Valois</a> dari Prancis sama-sama mengklaim sebagai pewaris sah atas <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinasti_Kapetia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Kapetia">Wangsa Kapet</a>, yang menyebabkan kedua negara tersebut terlibat konflik yang berkelanjutan dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Seratus_Tahun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Seratus Tahun">Perang Seratus Tahun</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[53]</a> Musibah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kematian_Hitam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian Hitam">Kematian Hitam</a> yang melanda Inggris pada tahun 1348 menewaskan kurang lebih setengah dari total populasi Inggris pada saat itu.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[54]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[55]</a> Dari tahun 1453-1487, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_saudara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang saudara">perang saudara</a> antara dua wangsa keluarga kerajaan terjadi (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa York">Wangsa York</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_Lancaster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa Lancaster">Wangsa Lancaster</a>). Perang ini dikenal dengan sebutan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Mawar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Mawar">Perang Mawar</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[56]</a> yang berakhir dengan kekalahan York dan harus merelakan takhta jatuh ke tangan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_Tudor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa Tudor">Wangsa Tudor</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wales">Wales</a>, yaitu penerus Lancaster. Tudor, yang dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VII_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry VII dari Inggris">Henry Tudor</a>, menginvasi Inggris bersama tentara-tentara Breton dan Wales. Tentara ini berhasil memperoleh kemenangan dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pertempuran_Bosworth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pertempuran Bosworth">Pertempuran Bosworth</a> dengan tewasnya raja York terakhir; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_III_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard III dari Inggris">Richard III</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zaman_modern_awal">Zaman modern awal</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman modern awal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Painting of large bearded man with fur trimmed cloak, wearing a hat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1150"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 213px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg" data-alt="Painting of large bearded man with fur trimmed cloak, wearing a hat." data-width="170" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_King_Henry_VIII.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VIII_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry VIII dari Inggris">Raja Henry VIII</a> menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gereja Inggris">Kepala Tertinggi Gereja Inggris</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Selama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Periode_Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Periode Tudor (halaman belum tersedia)">periode Tudor</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Renaisans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad Renaisans">Renaisans</a> mencapai Inggris melalui budaya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italia</a>, yang memperkenalkan kembali seni serta debat pendidikan dan ilmiah dari zaman klasik.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[58]</a> Selama periode ini, Inggris mulai mengembangkan keterampilan angkatan laut, dan penjelajahan lautan untuk membangun koloni.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[59]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[60]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VIII_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry VIII dari Inggris">Henry VIII</a> memisahkan diri dari persekutuan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Katolik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik">Gereja Katolik</a>, ia kemudian mengesahkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Supremasi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Supremasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Supremasi</a> pada tahun 1534 yang menyatakan bahwa raja adalah kepala dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gereja Inggris">Gereja Inggris</a>. Berbeda dengan sebagian besar Protestanisme Eropa lainnya, akar dari pemisahan Inggris dari Gereja Katolik ini lebih ke arah politis ketimbang alasan teologis.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[catatan 4]</a> Henry juga secara hukum menggabungkan negeri leluhurnya, Wales, menjadi bagian dari Kerajaan Inggris dengan mengesahkan Undang-Undang Wales 1535-1542. Ada beberapa konflik agama internal yang terjadi selama masa pemerintahan putri Henry, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary I dari Inggris">Mary I</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elizabeth_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elizabeth I dari Inggris">Elizabeth I</a>. Mary menghantarkan Inggris kembali ke pelukan Katolik, sedangkan Elizabeth memisahkannya sekali lagi, lalu menegaskan supremasi Gereja Inggris lebih kuat lagi dengan membentuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglikan">Anglikan</a>. Armada Inggris di bawah pimpinan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Drake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> berhasil mengalahkan armada Spanyol pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Periode_Elizabethan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Periode Elizabethan (halaman belum tersedia)">periode Elizabethan</a>. Setelah persaingan panjang dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Spanyol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperium Spanyol">Spanyol</a>, koloni pertama Inggris di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> akhirnya berhasil didirikan pada 1585 oleh penjelajah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Raleigh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virginia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> dan menamakannya Roanoke. Pemanfaatan koloni Roanoke ini gagal dan dikenal sebagai "koloni yang hilang", koloni ini kemudian ditinggalkan karena kurangnya persediaan makanan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[62]</a> Bersama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_India_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, Inggris juga bersaing dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Belanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Belanda">Belanda</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> di Timur. Struktur politik Inggris berubah pada tahun 1603 saat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_Stuart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa Stuart">Wangsa Stuart</a>, dengan rajanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James I dari Inggris">James VI dari Skotlandia</a>, kerajaan yang menjadi musuh lama Kerajaan Inggris, mewarisi takhta Inggris. James kemudian menciptakan persatuan personal antara Kerajaan Inggris dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerajaan Skotlandia">Kerajaan Skotlandia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Britons-67">[63]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[64]</a> James menobatkan dirinya sebagai Raja Britania Raya, meskipun hal tersebut tidak diakui oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Inggris">hukum Inggris</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[65]</a> Di bawah pemerintahannya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alkitab_Versi_Raja_James?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alkitab Versi Raja James">Alkitab Versi Raja James</a> diterbitkan pada tahun 1611. Alkitab ini tidak hanya mengalahkan karya-karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> sebagai karya sastra terbesar dalam bahasa Inggris, tetapi juga menjadi versi standar dari Alkitab yang paling banyak dibaca oleh umat Kristiani selama empat ratus tahun. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Charles_II_(1675).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Painting of seated male figure, with long black hair wearing a white cape and breeches." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg/170px-Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="546"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 217px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg/170px-Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg" data-alt="Painting of seated male figure, with long black hair wearing a white cape and breeches." data-width="170" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg/255px-Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg/340px-Charles_II_%281675%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restorasi_(Inggris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorasi (Inggris)">Restorasi Inggris</a> pada masa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_II_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles II dari Inggris">Raja Charles II</a> berhasil memulihkan kembali monarki dan perdamaian setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Saudara Inggris">Perang Saudara Inggris</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Akibat posisi politik, agama dan sosial yang saling bertentangan, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Saudara Inggris">Perang Saudara Inggris</a> terjadi antara para pendukung Parlemen dan pendukung <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles I dari Inggris">Raja Charles I</a>, yang masing-masingnya dikenal dengan sebutan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roundhead?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roundhead">Roundhead</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cavalier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cavalier (halaman belum tersedia)">Cavalier</a>. Perang ini adalah bagian dari rangkaian perang berkelanjutan yang dikenal sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Tiga_Kerajaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Tiga Kerajaan">Perang Tiga Kerajaan</a>, yang juga melibatkan Skotlandia dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandia">Irlandia</a>. Pada akhirnya, parlemen berhasil menang, Charles I kemudian dieksekusi dan pemerintahan kerajaan diganti menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persemakmuran_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persemakmuran Inggris">Persemakmuran Inggris</a>. Pemimpin pasukan Parlemen, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, menobatkan dirinya sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Protector?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> pada tahun 1653.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ocromwell-70">[66]</a> Setelah kematian Cromwell, putranya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Cromwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard</a> mengundurkan diri dan tidak bersedia menjabat sebagai Lord Protector. Kemudian, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_II_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles II dari Inggris">Charles II</a> dipanggil kembali untuk menempati jabatan sebagai Raja Inggris pada tahun 1660. Pada masa Charles II, melalui <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restorasi_(Inggris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorasi (Inggris)">Restorasi Inggris</a>, konstitusi kerajaan dirombak. Konstitusi baru ini menyatakan bahwa Raja dan Parlemen harus memerintah Inggris bersama-sama, meskipun pada kenyataannya parlemen akan memiliki kekuasaan yang lebih nyata. Kebijakan ini disahkan dalam Undang-Undang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Hak_1689&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Deklarasi Hak 1689 (halaman belum tersedia)">Deklarasi Hak 1689</a>. Undang-undang ini juga menyatakan bahwa undang-undang hanya bisa dibuat oleh Parlemen dan tidak bisa ditangguhkan oleh Raja, dan Raja tidak diperkenankan memungut pajak atau menambah tentara tanpa persetujuan dari parlemen.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[67]</a> Dengan didirikannya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> pada tahun 1660, ilmu pengetahuan di Inggris juga mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kebakaran_Besar_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kebakaran Besar London">Kebakaran Besar London</a> yang terjadi pada tahun 1666 menghanguskan sebagian besar kota London, tetapi dibangun kembali tidak lama sesudahnya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[68]</a> Dalam Parlemen, dua faksi muncul sebagai kekuatan utama, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tory">Tory</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Whig&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Whig (halaman belum tersedia)">Whig</a>. Tory merupakan pendukung kerajaan (royalis), sedangkan Whig beraliran liberal klasik. Faksi Tory pada awalnya mendukung <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_II_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James II dari Inggris">James II</a>. Namun, bersama Whig, kedua faksi ini kemudian berbalik menggulingkan takhta James dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Agung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Agung">Revolusi Agung</a> pada tahun 1688. Setelah jatuhnya takhta James, pangeran Belanda, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_III_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William III dari Inggris">William III</a>, diundang untuk meneruskan takhta sebagai Raja Inggris. Di Skotlandia, muncul gerakan-gerakan yang menamakan dirinya sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacobitisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacobitisme">Jacobites</a>. Gerakan ini menolak kepemimpinan William dan menginginkan takhta tetap dipegang oleh keturunan dari James II. Setelah diadakan perundingan, Parlemen Inggris dan Parlemen Skotlandia sepakat untuk menggabungkan masing-masing kerajaan dalam sebuah kesatuan politik bernama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Britania Raya">Kerajaan Britania Raya</a> pada tahun 1707.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Britons-67">[63]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unionwithscotland-73">[69]</a> Untuk menegaskan "persatuan politik" tersebut, lembaga-lembaga seperti hukum dan gereja nasional di masing-masing kerajaan tetap terpisah.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zaman_kontemporer">Zaman kontemporer</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman kontemporer" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/250px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1309"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/250px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/375px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/500px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Coalbrookdale by Night oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Philip_James_de_Loutherbourg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Philip James de Loutherbourg (halaman belum tersedia)">Philip James de Loutherbourg</a>, 1801. Suasana malam hari di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Coalbrookdale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Coalbrookdale (halaman belum tersedia)">Coalbrookdale</a> pada masa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Di bawah Kerajaan Britania Raya yang baru terbentuk, peranan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> yang dikombinasikan dengan sedang berlangsungnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pencerahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pencerahan">era Pencerahan</a> di Inggris dan Skotlandia menghasilkan inovasi yang berkembang pesat dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Perkembangan ini selanjutnya membuka jalan bagi terbentuknya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Britania</a>. Sedangkan di dalam negeri, hal tersebut memicu munculnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>, yaitu suatu periode terjadinya perubahan besar dalam bidang sosial ekonomi dan kebudayaan di Inggris, menghasilkan sistem pertanian, manufaktur, teknik, dan pertambangan yang terindustrialisasi serta memelopori pembangunan jalan-jalan baru dan jaringan kereta api untuk memfasilitasi revolusi ini.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[71]</a> Dibukanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kanal_Bridgewater&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kanal Bridgewater (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanal Bridgewater</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Utara">Inggris Utara</a> pada tahun 1761 menghantarkan Inggris ke era kanal Britania.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Briton20015-76">[72]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[73]</a> Pada tahun 1825, lokomotif uap kereta penumpang permanen pertama, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stockton_and_Darlington_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stockton and Darlington Railway (halaman belum tersedia)">Stockton and Darlington Railway</a>, dibuka untuk umum.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Briton20015-76">[72]</a> Pada masa Revolusi Industri, banyak penduduk pedesaan di Inggris yang pindah ke wilayah perkotaan untuk bekerja di pabrik-pabrik seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>. Kota-kota ini selanjutnya dijuluki sebagai "Kota Gudang" dan "Bengkel Dunia".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[74]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[75]</a> Inggris berhasil mempertahankan kestabilan pemerintahannya saat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Prancis">Revolusi Prancis</a> meletus. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Pitt_yang_Paling_Muda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Pitt yang Paling Muda (halaman belum tersedia)">William Pitt</a> menjadi Perdana Menteri Britania Raya pada usia 24 tahun saat pemerintahan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_III_dari_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George III dari Britania Raya">George III</a>. Saat terjadinya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peperangan_era_Napoleon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peperangan era Napoleon">Perang Napoleon</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> berencana untuk menyerang Inggris dari tenggara. Namun rencana ini gagal. Tentara Britania di bawah pimpinan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horatio_Nelson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> berhasil mengalahkan Tentara Napoleon di laut. Sedangkan di darat tentara Napoleon juga berhasil dikalahkan di bawah pimpinan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley_dari_Wellington?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Wellesley dari Wellington">Arthur Wellesley</a>. Perang Napoleon ini menumbuhkan konsep "<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Britishness&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Britishness (halaman belum tersedia)">Britishness</a>" dan identitas nasional "British", bersama dengan orang-orang Skotlandia dan Wales.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Colley1-80">[76]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="A cuboid granite cenotaph." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg/170px-Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2224"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 236px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg/170px-Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg" data-alt="A cuboid granite cenotaph." data-width="170" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg/255px-Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg/340px-Portland.stone.cenotaph.london.arp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Cenotaph,_Whitehall&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Cenotaph, Whitehall (halaman belum tersedia)">The Cenotaph, Whitehall</a>, memorial untuk mengenang Tentara Britania Raya yang gugur dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Dunia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia">Perang Dunia</a>. </figcaption> </figure> London menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan">kawasan metropolitan</a> terbesar dan terpadat di dunia pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Era_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Era Victoria">era Victoria</a>, serta juga menjadi kota perdagangan paling prestisius dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Britania</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[77]</a> Pergolakan politik di dalam negeri memunculkan gerakan-gerakan seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chartisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chartisme">Chartisme</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffragette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragette">Suffragette</a> menyebabkan dilakukannya reformasi legislatif dan pemberlakuan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hak_pilih_universal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hak pilih universal">hak pilih universal</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[78]</a> Pergesekan kekuasaan di Eropa tengah dan timur mengakibatkan meletusnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>. Ratusan ribu tentara Inggris tewas karena berjuang untuk Britania Raya sebagai bagian dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blok_Sekutu_(Perang_Dunia_I)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Sekutu (Perang Dunia I)">Blok Sekutu</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[catatan 5]</a> Dua dekade kemudian, dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, Inggris sekali lagi menjadi bagian dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blok_Sekutu_(Perang_Dunia_II)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Sekutu (Perang Dunia II)">Blok Sekutu</a>. Pada akhir <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Phoney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Phoney">Perang Phoney</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> menjadi Perdana Menteri. Berkembangnya teknologi perang menyebabkan banyak kota yang hancur akibat serangan udara dalam peristiwa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Blitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a>. Setelah perang usai, Imperium Britania menerapkan kebijakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekolonisasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dekolonisasi">dekolonisasi</a> terhadap negara-negara jajahannya. Perang juga menyebabkan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi; automobil menjadi sarana utama transportasi dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesin_jet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesin jet">mesin jet</a> yang dikembangkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frank_Whittle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a> menyebabkan inovasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perjalanan_udara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perjalanan udara">perjalanan udara</a> menjadi lebih luas.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[80]</a> Perusahaan-perusahaan nasional di Inggris dinasionalisasi, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Health_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS) didirikan pada tahun 1948. NHS Inggris menyediakan layanan kesehatan yang didanai oleh pemerintah bagi semua warga Inggris secara gratis sesuai kebutuhan, tetapi tetap dibayar melalui pajak umum. Dalam bidang pemerintahan, reformasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pemerintahan_daerah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pemerintahan daerah">pemerintahan daerah</a> dilakukan pada pertengahan abad ke-20.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[81]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[82]</a> Sejak abad ke-20, terjadi perpindahan penduduk secara besar-besaran ke Inggris, sebagian besar berasal dari bagian lain <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepulauan_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepulauan Britania">Kepulauan Britania</a>, tetapi juga ada yang berasal dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara-negara_Persemakmuran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara-negara Persemakmuran">negara-negara Persemakmuran</a>, terutama dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[83]</a> Sejak tahun 1970 juga terjadi perubahan besar dalam sektor manufaktur dan pertumbuhan sektor industri jasa.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-thatcher-89">[84]</a> Sebagai bagian dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>, Inggris bergabung dengan organisasi Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa, yang selanjutnya menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>. Pada akhir abad ke-20, pemerintahan daerah di Britania Raya mengalami perubahan dengan diberikannya devolusi pada Skotlandia, Wales, dan Irlandia Utara.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[85]</a> Namun, Inggris tetap menjadi bagian dari yurisdiksi Britania Raya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_Wales-91">[86]</a> Devolusi atau pelimpahan kekuasaan ini mendorong terbentuknya identitas "English" dan rasa patriotisme yang lebih kuat.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[87]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ward180-93">[88]</a> Akibatnya, tidak ada devolusi yang diberikan kepada Inggris, upaya untuk menciptakan sebuah sistem serupa dalam hal pemerintahan daerah juga ditolak dalam referendum.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-refreject-94">[89]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografi Inggris">Geografi Inggris</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lanskap_dan_sungai">Lanskap dan sungai</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Lanskap dan sungai" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:SatImEng.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SatImEng.PNG/220px-SatImEng.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 208px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SatImEng.PNG/220px-SatImEng.PNG" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SatImEng.PNG/330px-SatImEng.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SatImEng.PNG/440px-SatImEng.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Citra satelit Inggris. </figcaption> </figure> Secara geografis, Inggris mencakup dua pertiga dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulau_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulau Britania Raya">Pulau Britania Raya</a> di bagian tengah dan selatan, ditambah pulau-pulau lepas pantai seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isle_of_Wight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> dan Isles of Scilly. Inggris berbatasan dengan dua negara lainnya di Britania Raya; Skotlandia di sebelah utara dan Wales di sebelah barat. Inggris merupakan negara yang lokasinya paling dekat ke <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benua_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benua Eropa">benua Eropa</a> dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lainnya di Kepulauan Britania. Negara ini berjarak 34-kilometer (21 mi) dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Engchannel-95">[90]</a> yang dipisahkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selat_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selat Inggris">Selat Inggris</a> dan dihubungkan oleh terowongan bawah laut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terowongan_Channel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terowongan Channel">Channel</a> di dekat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Folkestone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Folkestone">Folkestone</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[91]</a> Inggris juga memiliki pantai di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Irlandia">Laut Irlandia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samudera_Atlantik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudera Atlantik">Samudera Atlantik</a>. Pelabuhan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liverpool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a> masing-masingnya berlokasi di sungai-sungai pasang surut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sungai_Thames?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sungai Thames">Thames</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sungai_Mersey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sungai Mersey">Mersey</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sungai_Tyne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sungai Tyne">Tyne</a>. Dengan panjang sekitar 354 kilometer (220 mi), <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sungai_Severn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sungai Severn">Sungai Severn</a> adalah sungai terpanjang yang mengalir melintasi Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[92]</a> Sungai ini bermuara di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selat_Bristol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selat Bristol">Selat Bristol</a> dan terkenal karena air pasangnya yang mencapai ketinggian hingga 2 meter (6,6 ft).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[93]</a> Sungai terpanjang di Inggris berikutnya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sungai_Thames?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sungai Thames">Sungai Thames</a> (346 kilometer (215 mi)).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Thames-99">[94]</a> Ada banyak danau di Inggris, yang terbesar adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windermere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Windermere">Windermere</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danau_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Danau District">Danau District</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-metoffice_nw-100">[95]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Wastwater,_Lake_District.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Blue lake between green hills." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg/220px-Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="324"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg/220px-Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg" data-alt="Blue lake between green hills." data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg/330px-Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg/440px-Wastwater%2C_Lake_District.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wastwater&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wastwater (halaman belum tersedia)">Wastwater</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danau_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Danau District">Danau District</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Dalam istilah geologi, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pennines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pennines">Pennines</a>, yang dikenal sebagai "tulang punggung Inggris", adalah pegunungan tertua di negara ini, yang berasal dari akhir <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleozoikum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paleozoikum">Zaman Paleozoikum</a>, sekitar 300 juta tahun yang lalu.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[96]</a> Komposisi geologis pegunungan ini terdiri dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batu_pasir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batu pasir">batu pasir</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batu_kapur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu kapur">batu kapur</a>, serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batubara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batubara">batubara</a>. Terdapat lanskap <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst">karst</a> di wilayah kalsit seperti di bagian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Derbyshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>. Lanskap Pennine merupakan tegalan tinggi di kawasan dataran tinggi, terkenal karena lembah suburnya di kawasan-kawasan tepi sungai. Di Pennines terdapat tiga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taman_nasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taman nasional">taman nasional</a>, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Yorkshire_Dales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taman Nasional Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Taman_Nasional_Northumberland&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Taman Nasional Northumberland (halaman belum tersedia)">Northumberland</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peak_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peak District">Peak District</a>. Titik tertinggi di Inggris berada pada 978 meter (3.209 ft) di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Scafell_Pike&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Scafell Pike (halaman belum tersedia)">Scafell Pike</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-metoffice_nw-100">[95]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bukit_Cheviot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukit Cheviot">Bukit Cheviot</a> membentang melintasi perbatasan antara Inggris dan Skotlandia. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dataran_rendah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dataran rendah">Dataran rendah</a> di Inggris terdapat di sebelah selatan Pennines, yang terdiri dari perbukitan hijau seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bukit_Cotswold&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bukit Cotswold (halaman belum tersedia)">Bukit Cotswold</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bukit_Chiltern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bukit Chiltern (halaman belum tersedia)">Bukit Chiltern</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=North_Downs&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="North Downs (halaman belum tersedia)">North Downs</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=South_Downs&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="South Downs (halaman belum tersedia)">South Downs</a>. Semenanjung Barat Daya di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West Country">West Country</a> juga mencakup tegalan dataran tinggi yang beriklim sedang seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dartmoor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Exmoor (halaman belum tersedia)">Exmoor</a>. Kedua kawasan ini ditetapkan sebagai taman nasional.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Iklim_inggris">Iklim inggris</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim inggris" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> Inggris memiliki <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iklim_lautan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iklim lautan">iklim laut</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iklim_sedang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iklim sedang">sedang</a>, dengan suhu tidak lebih rendah dari 0 °C (32 °F) pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musim_dingin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musim dingin">musim dingin</a> dan tidak lebih tinggi dari 32 °C (90 °F) pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musim_panas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musim panas">musim panas</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-weather-103">[98]</a> Cuacanya relatif lembap dan sering kali berubah-ubah. Cuaca terdingin terjadi pada bulan Januari dan Februari, terutama di wilayah pesisir. Sedangkan cuaca terpanas berlangsung pada bulan Juli. Bulan dengan cuaca sedang dan hangat adalah bulan Mei, Juni, September dan Oktober.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-weather-103">[98]</a> Curah hujan tersebar cukup merata sepanjang tahun. Pengaruh terpenting pada iklim Inggris adalah kedekatannya dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samudera_Atlantik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudera Atlantik">Samudera Atlantik</a>. Inggris berlokasi di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lintang_utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintang utara">lintang utara</a> dan pemanasan laut dihantarkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arus_Gulf&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arus Gulf (halaman belum tersedia)">Arus Gulf</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-weather-103">[98]</a> Curah hujan yang lebih tinggi terdapat di wilayah bagian barat, dan kawasan di bagian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danau_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Danau District">Danau District</a> menerima hujan yang lebih sering dibandingkan dengan tempat manapun di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-weather-103">[98]</a> Sejak pencatatan cuaca mulai dilakukan, suhu tertinggi yang tercatat adalah 38,5 °C (101,3 °F) pada tanggal 10 Agustus 2003 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brogdale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Brogdale (halaman belum tersedia)">Brogdale</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kent">Kent</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[99]</a> Sedangkan suhu terendah adalah −26,1 °C (−15,0 °F) pada tanggal 10 Januari 1982 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edgmond,_Shropshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edgmond, Shropshire (halaman belum tersedia)">Edgmond</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shropshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[100]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="14">Data iklim Inggris</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Bulan</th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Januari">Jan</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februari">Feb</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Maret">Mar</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="April">Apr</abbr></th> <th>Mei</th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juni">Jun</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juli">Jul</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Agustus">Agt</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="September">Sep</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Oktober">Okt</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="November">Nov</abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Desember">Des</abbr></th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Tahun</th> </tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F)</th> <td style="background:#FFEDDC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7 (45)</td> <td style="background:#FFEDDC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7 (45)</td> <td style="background:#FFDFC0;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9 (48)</td> <td style="background:#FFCB97;color:#000000;text-align:center;">12 (54)</td> <td style="background:#FFB66E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">15 (59)</td> <td style="background:#FFA144;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18 (64)</td> <td style="background:#FF8D1B;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21 (70)</td> <td style="background:#FF8D1B;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21 (70)</td> <td style="background:#FFA144;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18 (64)</td> <td style="background:#FFBD7C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">14 (57)</td> <td style="background:#FFD9B3;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10 (50)</td> <td style="background:#FFEDDC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7 (45)</td> <td style="background:#FFC489;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">13 (55)</td> </tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata terendah °C (°F)</th> <td style="background:#ECECFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1 (34)</td> <td style="background:#ECECFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1 (34)</td> <td style="background:#F1F1FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2 (36)</td> <td style="background:#FCFCFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4 (39)</td> <td style="background:#FFF4EA;color:#000000;text-align:center;">6 (43)</td> <td style="background:#FFDFC0;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9 (48)</td> <td style="background:#FFD2A5;color:#000000;text-align:center;">11 (52)</td> <td style="background:#FFD2A5;color:#000000;text-align:center;">11 (52)</td> <td style="background:#FFDFC0;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9 (48)</td> <td style="background:#FFEDDC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7 (45)</td> <td style="background:#FCFCFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4 (39)</td> <td style="background:#F1F1FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2 (36)</td> <td style="background:#FFF4EA;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">6 (43)</td> </tr> <tr> <th height="16"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presipitasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Presipitasi">Presipitasi</a> mm (inci)</th> <td style="background:#8181FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">84 (3.31)</td> <td style="background:#9C9CFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">60 (2.36)</td> <td style="background:#9B9BFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">67 (2.64)</td> <td style="background:#A7A7FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">57 (2.24)</td> <td style="background:#ABABFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">56 (2.2)</td> <td style="background:#9D9DFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">63 (2.48)</td> <td style="background:#AEAEFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">54 (2.13)</td> <td style="background:#9B9BFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">67 (2.64)</td> <td style="background:#8E8EFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">73 (2.87)</td> <td style="background:#8181FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">84 (3.31)</td> <td style="background:#7D7DFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">84 (3.31)</td> <td style="background:#7878FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">90 (3.54)</td> <td style="background:#9595FF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">838 (32.99)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%">Sumber: Met Office<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-england-106">[101]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Politik_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Politik Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Politik Inggris</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Palace_of_Westminster.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Photograph of rectangular floodlight building, reflected in water. The building has multiple towers including one at each end. The tower on the right includes an illuminated clock face." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Palace_of_Westminster.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Westminster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Palace_of_Westminster.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Westminster.jpg" data-alt="Photograph of rectangular floodlight building, reflected in water. The building has multiple towers including one at each end. The tower on the right includes an illuminated clock face." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Palace_of_Westminster.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Westminster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Palace_of_Westminster.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Westminster.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istana_Westminster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istana Westminster">Istana Westminster</a>, kursi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Britania Raya">Parlemen Britania Raya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Sebagai bagian dari Britania Raya, sistem politik dasar bagi Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarki_konstitusional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki konstitusional">monarki konstitusional</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistem_parlementer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistem parlementer">sistem parlementer</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[102]</a> Inggris tidak memiliki pemerintahan sendiri sejak tahun 1707. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kesatuan 1707, Inggris dan Skotlandia bersatu menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerajaan_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Britania Raya">Kerajaan Britania Raya</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unionwithscotland-73">[69]</a> Sebelum penyatuan tersebut, Inggris diperintah oleh monarki dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Inggris">Parlemen Inggris</a>. Saat ini, Inggris diatur langsung oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Britania Raya">Parlemen Britania Raya</a>, meskipun negara-negara Britania lainnya diserahi pemerintahan sendiri (devolusi).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Devolution-108">[103]</a> Pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majelis_Rendah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Rendah">Majelis Rendah</a> dalam Parlemen Britania Raya, terdapat 532 dari total 650 anggota Parlemen (MP) yang mewakili konstituensi Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[104]</a> Dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_Britania_Raya_2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pemilihan umum Britania Raya 2010">pemilihan umum Britania Raya 2010</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partai_Konservatif_(Britania_Raya)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)">Partai Konservatif</a> berhasil memenangkan mayoritas suara mutlak di Inggris, yakni 532 kursi; 61 kursi lebih banyak daripada gabungan kursi dari partai-partai lainnya. Namun, Konservatif tidak memperoleh jumlah kursi mayoritas dalam parlemen, sehingga menghasilkan "parlemen yang menggantung".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[105]</a> Untuk bisa memperoleh mayoritas suara di parlemen, Konservatif yang dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> berkoalisi dengan partai terbesar ketiga di Britania Raya, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Partai_Liberal_Demokratis_(Britania_Raya)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Partai Liberal Demokratis (Britania Raya) (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Liberal Demokratis</a> pimpinan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nick_Clegg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a>. Selanjutnya, pemimpin <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partai_Buruh_(Britania_Raya)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partai Buruh (Britania Raya)">Partai Buruh</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, terpaksa meletakkan jabatannya sebagai perdana menteri.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[106]</a> Saat ini, Partai Buruh dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ed_Miliband?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Lines of men wearing large black bearskin hats and red tunics." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg/220px-Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="1354"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg/220px-Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg" data-alt="Lines of men wearing large black bearskin hats and red tunics." data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg/330px-Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg/440px-Buck.palace.soldiers.arp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pengawal_Ratu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pengawal Ratu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengawal Ratu</a> di kediaman kerajaan, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istana_Buckingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istana Buckingham">Istana Buckingham</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Sebagai konsekuensi atas keanggotaan Britania Raya di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, pemilu untuk menentukan siapa wakil Britania yang akan dikirim sebagai anggota <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Eropa">Parlemen Eropa</a> juga diselenggarakan secara regional di Inggris. Dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_umum_Parlemen_Eropa_2009&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pemilihan umum Parlemen Eropa 2009 (halaman belum tersedia)">pemilihan umum Parlemen Eropa 2009</a>, hasil dari pemilu di region-region di Inggris untuk anggota Parlemen Eropa adalah sebagai berikut: 23 dari Konservatif, 10 dari Partai Kemerdekaan, 10 dari Liberal Demokratis, dua dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partai_Hijau_Inggris_dan_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partai Hijau Inggris dan Wales">Partai Hijau</a>, dan dua dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Partai_Nasional_Britania&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Partai Nasional Britania (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Nasional Britania</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[107]</a> Sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devolusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devolusi">devolusi</a>, negara-negara lain yang berada dalam kedaulatan Britania Raya (Skotlandia, Wales dan Irlandia Utara), masing-masing memiliki parlemen terdevolusi sendiri atau majelis untuk isu-isu lokal. Ada perdebatan mengenai status devolusi di Inggris. Awalnya direncanakan bahwa seluruh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilayah_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah di Inggris">region di Inggris</a> akan didevolusikan juga, tetapi setelah adanya penolakan dari region di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Timur_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Timur Laut">Inggris Timur Laut</a> dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, rencana ini akhirnya berhenti diajukan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-refreject-94">[89]</a> Salah satu isu utama yang muncul dari kebijakan devolusi ini adalah "<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pertanyaan_West_Lothian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pertanyaan West Lothian (halaman belum tersedia)">pertanyaan West Lothian</a> (West Lothian question), yaitu istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi dimana anggota parlemen <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wales">Wales</a> dapat memberikan suara atas undang-undang yang terkait dengan Inggris, sedangkan Inggris tidak memiliki hak yang setara.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[108]</a> Akibat tidak memiliki devolusi kekuasaan, Inggris menjadi satu-satunya negara di Britania Raya yang tidak diberi hak untuk merumuskan kebijakan mengenai pengobatan kanker gratis, perawatan perumahan untuk penduduk usia tua, dan biaya pendidikan tinggi gratis.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-msnmoney-114">[109]</a> Hal ini mengakibatkan semakin meningkatnya rasa "nasionalisme Inggris".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[110]</a> Beberapa pihak telah menyarankan pembentukan Parlemen Inggris yang terdevolusi,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[111]</a> sedangkan yang lainnya juga mengusulkan agar pemberian suara yang terkait dengan Inggris dibatasi, dengan artian hanya berhak dilakukan oleh anggota parlemen yang berasal dari daerah pemilihan Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hukum">Hukum</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Hukum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Inggris">Hukum Inggris</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Ornate grey stone building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg/220px-Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg/220px-Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg" data-alt="Ornate grey stone building." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg/330px-Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg/440px-Royal_courts_of_justice.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Royal_Courts_of_Justice&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Royal Courts of Justice (halaman belum tersedia)">Royal Courts of Justice</a> </figcaption> </figure> Sistem <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Inggris">hukum Inggris</a> yang berkembang selama berabad-abad adalah dasar dari sistem <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_umum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hukum umum">hukum umum</a> yang digunakan di sebagian besar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara-negara_Persemakmuran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara-negara Persemakmuran">negara-negara Persemakmuran</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerika_Serikat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> (kecuali <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louisiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[113]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[114]</a> Meskipun telah menjadi negara bagian dari Britania Raya, sistem hukum <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Inggris_dan_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pengadilan Inggris dan Wales (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan Inggris dan Wales</a> tetap digunakan. Berdasarkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Kesatuan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Perjanjian Kesatuan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perjanjian Kesatuan</a>, sistem hukum yang digunakan di Inggris dan Wales terpisah dengan sistem hukum yang digunakan di Skotlandia. Esensi umum dari hukum Inggris adalah bahwa hukum dibuat oleh hakim yang berkedudukan di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pengadilan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pengadilan">pengadilan</a>, yang menerapkannya menurut akal sehat dan pengetahuan mereka (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Preseden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Preseden">preseden</a>).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[115]</a> Sistem pengadilan dikepalai oleh Pengadilan Senior Inggris dan Wales, yang terdiri dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pengadilan_Tinggi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Tinggi">Pengadilan Tinggi</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Tinggi_Kehakiman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pengadilan Tinggi Kehakiman (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan Tinggi Kehakiman</a> untuk kasus perdata, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pengadilan_Mahkota&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pengadilan Mahkota (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengadilan Mahkota</a> untuk kasus pidana.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[116]</a> Sedangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahkamah Agung Britania Raya">Mahkamah Agung Britania Raya</a> merupakan lembaga peradilan tertinggi untuk kasus-kasus perdata maupun pidana di Inggris dan Wales. Mahkamah ini dibentuk pada tahun 2009 setelah perubahan konstitusi, yang mengambil alih fungsi yudisial dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Lords?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[117]</a> Keputusan dari Mahkamah Agung ini mengikat setiap pengadilan lainnya dalam hierarki dan harus sesuai dengan petunjuknya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123">[118]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kriminalitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kriminalitas">Kriminalitas</a> meningkat antara tahun 1981 sampai 1995, tetapi mengalami penurunan sekitar 42% pada periode 1995-2006.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124">[119]</a> Populasi penjara naik dua kali lipat pada periode yang sama. Hal ini menjadikan Inggris sebagai negara dengan tingkat penahanan tertinggi di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eropa_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eropa Barat">Eropa Barat</a>, dengan perbandingan 147 tahanan per 100.000 jiwa.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crimebbc-125">[120]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Layanan_Tahanan_Yang_Mulia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Layanan Tahanan Yang Mulia (halaman belum tersedia)">Layanan Tahanan Yang Mulia</a> (Her Majesty's Prison Service) bertugas melaporkan kepada Menteri Kehakiman sekaligus mengelola <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penjara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penjara">penjara</a> di Inggris yang dihuni oleh lebih dari 80.000 narapidana.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crimebbc-125">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilayah_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah di Inggris">Wilayah di Inggris</a> </div> <div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 400px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/400px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="486" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 486px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/400px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="400" data-height="486" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/600px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg/800px-English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:376px; top:6px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:English_ceremonial_counties_1998.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="image attribution"> <noscript> <img alt="image attribution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/20px-Circle-information.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/20px-Circle-information.svg.png" data-alt="image attribution" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/30px-Circle-information.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle-information.svg/40px-Circle-information.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:190px; top:56px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumberland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:210px; top:96px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County Durham">Durham</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168.8px; top:164px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lancashire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:176px; top:210px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cheshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cheshire"> Cheshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:224px; top:212px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Derbyshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Derbyshire">Derbs.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:250px; top:220px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nottinghamshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nottinghamshire">Notts.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:276px; top:214px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincolnshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincolnshire"> Lincolnshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:252px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leicestershire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leicestershire">Leics.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:200px; top:236px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Staffordshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Staffordshire">Staffs.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168px; top:256px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shropshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shropshire"> Shropshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:224px; top:284px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warwickshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warwickshire">Warks.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:250px; top:280px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northamptonshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northamptonshire">Northants.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:334px; top:252px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norfolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norfolk"> Norfolk</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:342px; top:288px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suffolk"> Suffolk</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:324px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Essex"> Essex</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:286px; top:322px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertfordshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hertfordshire">Herts.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:280px; top:298px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bedfordshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bedfordshire">Beds.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:258px; top:314px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buckinghamshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buckinghamshire">Bucks.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:232.8px; top:318px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxfordshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxfordshire">Oxon.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:202px; top:320px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gloucestershire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gloucestershire">Glos.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:158px; top:376px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somerset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somerset"> Somerset</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:204px; top:356px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiltshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiltshire"> Wiltshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:242px; top:350px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkshire"> Berkshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:326px; top:364px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kent"> Kent</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:278px; top:364px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surrey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Surrey"> Surrey</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:232.8px; top:374px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hampshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hampshire"> Hampshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:190px; top:396px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorset"> Dorset</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:122px; top:400px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devon"> Devon</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:78px; top:424px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornwall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornwall"> Cornwall</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:170px; top:296px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herefordshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herefordshire">Heref.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:196.8px; top:284px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Worcestershire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Worcestershire">Worcs.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:166px; top:344px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bristol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:266px; top:156px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:272px; top:250px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rutland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rutland">Rutland</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:276px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridgeshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambs.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:286.8px; top:338.8px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London Raya</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:2px; top:472px"> Tidak ditampilkan: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of London">City of London</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:right; font-size:85%; left:230px; top:72px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyne and Wear">Tyne & Wear</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:158px; top:104px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218px; top:132px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234px; top:188px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorks.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:214px; top:164px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:right; font-size:85%; left:188.8px; top:184px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Raya">Manc. Raya</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:192px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merseyside?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:306px; top:382px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Sussex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:270px; top:382px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Sussex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:236px; top:412px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isle_of_Wight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Wight"> Isle of Wight</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:left; font-size:85%; left:210px; top:264px"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a> </div> </div> Subdivisi pemerintahan daerah di Inggris terdiri dari empat tingkat divisi administratif yang dikendalikan oleh berbagai tipe entitas administratif dan diciptakan dengan tujuan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pemerintahan_daerah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pemerintahan daerah">kepemerintahan daerah</a>. Tingkat tertinggi dari pemerintahan daerah di Inggris terdiri dari sembilan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilayah_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah di Inggris">wilayah</a>, yakni: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Timur_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Timur Laut">Inggris Timur Laut</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Barat_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Barat Laut">Inggris Barat Laut</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire_dan_Humber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorkshire dan Humber">Yorkshire dan Humber</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Midlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="East Midlands">Midlands Timur</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Midlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="West Midlands">Midlands Barat</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Timur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Timur">Inggris Timur</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Tenggara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Tenggara">Inggris Tenggara</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Barat_Daya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Barat Daya">Inggris Barat Daya</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a>. Pembagian ini ditetapkan pada tahun 1994 dengan status sebagai Region Kantor Pemerintahan (Government Office Region) untuk mendistribusikan berbagai kebijakan dan program regional Pemerintah Britania Raya, tetapi tidak ada badan-badan terpilih yang didelegasikan pada tingkat ini, kecuali di London. Kemudian pada tahun 2011, status Kantor Pemerintahan ini dihapuskan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[121]</a> Meskipun demikian, batas-batas yang sama tetap digunakan sebagai daerah pemilihan anggota <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Eropa">Parlemen Eropa</a> secara regional. Setelah devolusi, ada rencana untuk menciptakan sebuah majelis regional tersendiri di masing-masing region di Inggris. Rencana ini diwujudkan melalui referendum. London menyetujui referendum pada tahun 1998. Dua tahun kemudian, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majelis_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majelis London">Majelis London</a> dibentuk. Namun, ketika usulan tersebut ditolak oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Referendum_devolusi_Inggris_utara_2004&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Referendum devolusi Inggris utara 2004 (halaman belum tersedia)">referendum devolusi Inggris utara 2004</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Timur_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Timur Laut">Inggris Timur Laut</a>, rencana tersebut akhirnya dibatalkan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-refreject-94">[89]</a> Majelis regional di luar London dihapuskan pada tahun 2010, dan fungsinya dialihkan menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Badan_Pembangunan_Regional&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Badan Pembangunan Regional (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Pembangunan Regional</a> dan sebuah sistem baru dari badan otoritas daerah.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[122]</a> Di bawah tingkat regional, Inggris dibagi menjadi 48 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_seremonial_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County seremonial di Inggris">county seremonial</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannicagov-128">[123]</a> Pembagian ini digunakan khususnya sebagai kerangka acuan geografis dan telah dikembangkan secara bertahap sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>, ada juga beberapa county yang didirikan baru-baru ini pada tahun 1974.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-maud-129">[124]</a> Masing-masing county memiliki seorang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lord_Lieutenant&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lord Lieutenant (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord Lieutenant</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=High_Sheriff&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="High Sheriff (halaman belum tersedia)">High Sheriff</a>; jabatan ini dimaksudkan untuk mewakili <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarki_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarki Britania Raya">Monarki Britania Raya</a> lokal.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannicagov-128">[123]</a> Di luar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Raya">London Raya</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>, Inggris juga terbagi menjadi 83 county <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan">metropolitan</a> dan non-metropolitan, pembagian ini sesuai dengan kawasan yang digunakan untuk kepentingan kepemerintahan daerah,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-localgov-130">[125]</a> dan county-county ini bisa saja terdiri dari satu ataupun banyak distrik. Terdapat enam county metropolitan berdasarkan wilayah perkotaan yang berpenduduk paling padat, county-county ini tidak memiliki Dewan County.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-localgov-130">[125]</a> Di wilayah ini, otoritas utama dipegang oleh dewan subdivisi, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Borough_metropolitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough metropolitan">borough metropolitan</a>. Sedangkan di wilayah lain, 27 county non-metropolitan "shire" memiliki dewan county dan terbagi menjadi beberapa distrik, masing-masing distrik juga memiliki Dewan Distrik. County-county ini biasanya (meskipun tidak selalu) terdapat di kawasan perdesaan. County non-metropolitan yang selebihnya terdiri dari satu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Distrik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Distrik">distrik</a> dan biasanya merupakan sebuah kota kecil atau county yang berpenduduk jarang, county ini dikenal sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Otoritas_kesatuan_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Otoritas kesatuan Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">otoritas kesatuan</a> (unitary authorities). London Raya memiliki sistem pemerintahan daerah yang berbeda; dengan 32 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Borough_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Borough London">borough London</a>, ditambah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of London">City of London</a> yang mencakup kawasan kecil di pusat London dan diatur oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korporasi_City_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Korporasi City of London">Korporasi City of London</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131">[126]</a> Pada tingkat pemerintahan daerah terendah, Inggris terbagi menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paroki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paroki">paroki-paroki</a> sipil yang masing-masingnya memiliki dewan paroki tersendiri. Paroki-paroki ini tidak terdapat di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Raya">London Raya</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Simbol_nasional">Simbol nasional</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Simbol nasional" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Royal_arms_of_England.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="A red shield tapers to its bottom end; on it are three stylised golden lions with blue claws." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/170px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 198px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/170px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="A red shield tapers to its bottom end; on it are three stylised golden lions with blue claws." data-width="170" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/255px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/340px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Lambang negara Inggris. </figcaption> </figure> Bendera nasional Inggris dikenal sebagai St. George Cross dan telah menjadi bendera negara sejak abad ke-13. Sebenarnya, bendera tersebut dipakai oleh wilayah maritim dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genova">Republik Genoa</a>. Kerajaan Inggris membayar upeti kepada Pemerintah Genoa dari tahun 1190, sehingga kapal-kapal Inggris dapat memakai bendera tersebut sebagai simbol perlindungan ketika melewati perairan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterania">Mediterania</a>. Salib merah adalah simbol bagi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Salib?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Salib">Perang Salib</a> pada abad ke-12 dan 13. Lambang ini dikaitkan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo George">Santo George</a> yang diklaim sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_pelindung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santo pelindung">santo pelindung</a> Inggris dan kemudian menggunakan salibnya sebagai bendera.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[128]</a> Sejak tahun 1606, Salib St George juga membentuk bagian dari desain <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Flag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a>, bendera <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> yang dirancang oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James I dari Inggris">Raja James I</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-flaghistory-134">[129]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Double_Delight_(Tudor)_Rose.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="A red and white flower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg/220px-Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="859"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 185px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg/220px-Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg" data-alt="A red and white flower." data-width="220" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg/330px-Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg/440px-Double_Delight_%28Tudor%29_Rose.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mawar_Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mawar Tudor (halaman belum tersedia)">Mawar Tudor</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bunga_nasional&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bunga nasional (halaman belum tersedia)">flora identitas</a> Inggris. </figcaption> </figure> Ada sejumlah simbol dan artefak simbolik lainnya, baik yang resmi maupun tidak resmi, termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mawar_Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mawar Tudor (halaman belum tersedia)">mawar Tudor</a>, flora identitas bangsa, naga putih, dan tiga ekor singa yang ditampilkan di lambang nasional Inggris. Mawar tudor diadopsi sebagai lambang nasional Inggris pada waktu terjadinya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Mawar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Mawar">Perang Mawar</a> sebagai simbol perdamaian.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Flowers-135">[130]</a> Simbol ini merupakan simbol sinkretis yang menggabungkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mawar_putih&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mawar putih (halaman belum tersedia)">mawar putih</a> yang melambangkan Wangsa York, dan mawar merah, yang melambangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wangsa_Lancaster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wangsa Lancaster">Wangsa Lancaster</a> (penerus Wangsa Plantagenet). Simbol ini juga dikenal sebagai "Mawar dari Inggris".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rose-136">[131]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak">Pohon oak</a> juga ditetapkan sebagai simbol nasional Inggris, yang melambangkan kekuatan dan daya tahan. Istilah "Royal Oak" merujuk pada usaha melarikan diri <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_II_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles II dari Inggris">Raja Charles II</a> dari cengkeraman para anggota parlemen setelah ayahnya dieksekusi. Konon ia bersembunyi di sebuah pohon oak untuk menghindari penangkapan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lambang_Nasional_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lambang Nasional Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Lambang Nasional Inggris</a> menampilkan tiga ekor singa yang ditetapkan oleh Raja <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_I_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard I dari Inggris">Richard si Hati Singa</a> pada tahun 1198. Inggris tidak memiliki <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lagu kebangsaan">lagu kebangsaan</a> resmi. Sebagai bagian dari Britania Raya, lagu kebangsaan de facto adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="God Save the Queen">God Save the Queen</a>. Namun, lagu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem_(himne)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jerusalem (himne) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=I_Vow_to_Thee,_My_Country&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="I Vow to Thee, My Country (halaman belum tersedia)">I Vow to Thee, My Country</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Land_of_Hope_and_Glory&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Land of Hope and Glory (halaman belum tersedia)">Land of Hope and Glory</a> sering dianggap sebagai lagu kebangsaan tidak resmi Inggris. Lagu-lagu tersebut dikumandangkan dalam ajang Pesta Olahraga Persemakmuran 2002.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[132]</a> Hari kebangsaan Inggris diperingati setiap tanggal 23 April, yang bertepatan dengan Hari St George.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-St._George-138">[133]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="An aerial photograph of the City of London and its surrounding London boroughs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg/220px-London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="852"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg/220px-London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg" data-alt="An aerial photograph of the City of London and its surrounding London boroughs." data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg/330px-London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg/440px-London_skyline_showing_planned_Bishopsgate_Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pusat_keuangan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pusat keuangan">pusat keuangan</a> terbesar di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-London_vs._New_York-139">[134]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Global_Financial_Centres_Index-140">[135]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Perekonomian Inggris merupakan salah satu perekonomian terbesar di dunia, dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PDB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PDB">PDB per kapita</a> rata-rata £ 22.907.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-regionalacc-141">[136]</a> Inggris menerapkan sistem ekonomi pasar campuran; yang mengadopsi sebagian besar prinsip-prinsip <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasar_bebas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pasar bebas">pasar bebas</a>, tetapi tetap mempertahankan infrastruktur kesejahteraan soaial.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[137]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mata_uang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a> resmi di Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pound_sterling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>, GBP). Perpajakan di Inggris cukup kompetitif bila dibandingkan dengan kebanyakan negara Eropa lainnya. Pada tahun 2009, tarif dasar pajak perseorangan adalah 20% dengan penghasilan kena pajak mencapai £ 37.400, dan 40% bagi yang berpenghasilan di atas jumlah tersebut.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[138]</a> Ekonomi Inggris menyumbangkan bagian terbesar bagi ekonomi Britania Raya,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-regionalacc-141">[136]</a> yang PDB (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">PPP</a>) per kapitanya merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(PPP)_per_kapita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (PPP) per kapita">tertinggi ke-18</a> dunia. Inggris merupakan pemimpin dalam industri kimia dan farmasi,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[139]</a> juga dalam industri-industri penting seperti kedirgantaraan, industri senjata, dan industri perangkat lunak. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bursa_efek_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa efek London">Bursa efek London</a>, yang berlokasi di London, merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bursa_saham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa saham">bursa saham</a> terbesar di Eropa. London juga merupakan pusat keuangan di Britania Raya, 100 dari 500 perusahaan terbesar di Eropa bermarkas di London.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[140]</a> Di samping itu, London merupakan pusat keuangan terbesar di Eropa, dan pada tahun 2009 juga dinobatkan sebagai salah satu pusat bisnis dan keuangan terbesar di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="A blue coloured car." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG/220px-Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1105"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG/220px-Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG" data-alt="A blue coloured car." data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG/330px-Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG/440px-Bentley_Continental_GT_Speed.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bentley_Continental_GT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bentley Continental GT">Bentley Continental GT</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bentley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> merupakan salah satu perusahaan mobil Inggris yang terkemuka. </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bank_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a>, yang didirikan pada tahun 1694 oleh bankir Skotlandia bernama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Paterson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Paterson">William Paterson</a> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bank_sentral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bank sentral">bank sentral</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>. Pada awalnya, bank ini didirikan sebagai bank swasta, tetapi sejak tahun 1946, bank ini telah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasionalisasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasionalisasi">dinasionalisasi</a> menjadi milik negara.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[142]</a> Bank of England memiliki hak monopoli untuk mencetak uang kertas di Inggris dan Wales, tetapi hak ini tidak berlaku di Skotlandia dan Irlandia Utara. Pemerintah Britania Raya menyerahkan tanggung jawab kepada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Komite_Kebijakan_Moneter&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Komite Kebijakan Moneter (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Kebijakan Moneter</a> Bank of England untuk mengelola kebijakan moneter negara dan menetapkan suku bunga.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[143]</a> Inggris pada dasarnya adalah sebuah negara industri. Namun, sejak tahun 1970-an terjadi penurunan dalam sektor-sektor industri berat dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manufaktur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufaktur">manufaktur</a>, dan terjadi peningkatan dalam sektor industri jasa.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-thatcher-89">[84]</a> Sektor <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariwisata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariwisata">pariwisata</a> juga menjadi andalan bagi perekonomian Inggris. Sektor ini menarik jutaan wisatawan mancanegara ke Inggris setiap tahunnya. Ekspor Inggris didominasi oleh obat-obatan, mobil (meskipun sebagian besar perusahaan otomotif Inggris seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lotus_Cars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaguar_Cars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bentley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> saat ini dimiliki oleh asing), minyak mentah yang dihasilkan dari penambangan minyak di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a>, mesin pesawat, serta minuman beralkohol.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[144]</a> Sektor <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pertanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a> sudah sangat intensif dan termekanisasi. Sektor ini memproduksi sekitar 60% bagi kebutuhan makanan dan menyerap sekitar 2% angkatan kerja di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[145]</a> Dua pertiga produksi dikhususkan untuk sektor peternakan, selebihnya untuk pertanian.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi">Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller,_Bt.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Torso of man with long white hair and dark coloured jacket" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/170px-Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2912"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 206px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/170px-Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg" data-alt="Torso of man with long white hair and dark coloured jacket" data-width="170" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/255px-Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/340px-Sir_Isaac_Newton_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> adalah salah satu tokoh yang paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah ilmu pengetahuan. </figcaption> </figure> Tokoh terkemuka yang berasal dari Inggris di bidang sains dan matematika antara lain Sir <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Faraday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Hooke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Boyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Priestley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J._J._Thomson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Babbage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Darwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephen_Hawking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christopher_Wren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_Turing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Crick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Lister?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Dirac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Wiles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Dawkins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>. Beberapa ahli mengklaim bahwa konsep awal dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistem_metrik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistem metrik">sistem metrik</a> diciptakan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wilkins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wilkins">John Wilkins</a>, sekretaris pertama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> pada tahun 1668.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[147]</a> Sebagai tempat kelahiran <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>, Inggris adalah kediaman bagi penemu-penemu terkemuka pada akhir abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-20. Insinyur Inggris yang terkemuka pada masa Revolusi Industri di antaranya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a>, yang terkenal karena menciptakan rangkaian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapal_uap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapal uap">kapal uap</a> bernama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Great_Western_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Great Western Railway (halaman belum tersedia)">Great Western Railway</a> dan sejumlah jembatan-jembatan penting yang mengakibatkan perkembangan angkutan umum dan teknik modern.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[148]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesin_uap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesin uap">Mesin uap</a> yang diciptakan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Newcomen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Newcomen">Thomas Newcomen</a> juga turut membantu menelurkan Revolusi Industri.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[149]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vaksin_cacar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vaksin cacar (halaman belum tersedia)">Vaksin cacar</a> yang ditemukan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Jenner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a> dikatakan telah "menyelamatkan lebih banyak nyawa umat manusia".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-saunders_jenner-155">[150]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-white_jenner-156">[151]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-levine-157">[152]</a> Penemuan dan penciptaan yang berasal dari Inggris di antaranya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesin_jet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesin jet">mesin jet</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesin_pemintal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesin pemintal">mesin pemintal</a> pertama, komputer pertama dan komputer modern pertama, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Wide_Web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HTML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transfusi_darah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transfusi darah">transfusi darah</a> manusia yang berhasil pertama, mesin <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penghisap_debu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghisap debu">penghisap debu</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-americanheritage-158">[153]</a> mesin pemotong rumput, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabuk_pengaman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabuk pengaman">sabuk pengaman</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapal_bantalan_udara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapal bantalan udara">kapal bantalan udara</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motor_listrik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motor listrik">motor listrik</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesin_uap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesin uap">mesin uap</a>, dan teori-teori seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teori_evolusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori evolusi">teori evolusi</a> Darwin dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teori_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teori atom">teori atom</a>. Newton mengembangkan teori <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_gravitasi_universal_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hukum gravitasi universal Newton">gravitasi universal</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mekanika_klasik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mekanika klasik">mekanika klasik</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalkulus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalkulus">infinitesimal kalkulus</a>, serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Hooke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Hooke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hukum Hooke">hukum elastisitasnya</a>. Penemuan lainnya termasuk kereta api plat besi, termosipon, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspal">aspal</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karet_gelang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karet gelang">karet gelang</a>, perangkap tikus, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bola_lampu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bola lampu">bola lampu</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lokomotif_uap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lokomotif uap">lokomotif uap</a>, garis jalan, garukan traktor, dan lain sebagainya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-invent-159">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Transportasi">Transportasi</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Transportasi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Department_for_Transport&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Department for Transport (halaman belum tersedia)">Department for Transport</a> adalah badan pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengawasi transportasi di Inggris. Ada banyak jalan tol dan jalan raya nasional di Inggris, di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jalan_A1_(Britania_Raya)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jalan A1 (Britania Raya) (halaman belum tersedia)">A1 Great North Road</a>, yang melintasi bagian timur Inggris, dari London ke <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newcastle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Newcastle">Newcastle</a> hingga ke perbatasan Skotlandia, sebagian besar dari jalan ini adalah jalan tol.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-roads-160">[155]</a> Jalan tol terpanjang di Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M6_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M6 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M6</a>, yang membentang dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a> ke <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Barat_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Barat Laut">Inggris Barat Laut</a> hingga ke perbatasan Inggris-Skotlandia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-roads-160">[155]</a> Rute-rute utama lainnya di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M1_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M1 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M1</a> dari London ke Leeds, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M25_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M25 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M25</a> yang mengelilingi London, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M60_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M60 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M60</a> yang mengelilingi Manchester, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M4_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M4 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M4</a> dari London ke South Wales, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M62_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M62 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M62</a> dari Liverpool via <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> ke East Yorkshire, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M5_Motorway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="M5 Motorway (halaman belum tersedia)">M5</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> ke Bristol dan Inggris Barat Daya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-roads-160">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport,_2008.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Planes congregate by a building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/220px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="815"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 107px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/220px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg" data-alt="Planes congregate by a building." data-width="220" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/330px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/440px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Udara_London_Heathrow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Udara London Heathrow">Bandar Udara London Heathrow</a> memiliki <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_udara_tersibuk_di_dunia_menurut_lalu_lintas_penumpang_internasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandar udara tersibuk di dunia menurut lalu lintas penumpang internasional">lalu lintas penumpang tertinggi</a> dibandingkan dengan bandar udara manapun di seluruh dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-airports-161">[156]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Transportasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus">bus</a> tersebar luas di seluruh Inggris, perusahaan-perusahaan bus besar di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=National_Express_Group&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="National Express Group (halaman belum tersedia)">National Express</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arriva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arriva">Arriva</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Go-Ahead_Group&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Go-Ahead Group (halaman belum tersedia)">Go-Ahead Group</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus_tingkat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus tingkat">Bus tingkat</a> berwarna merah yang terdapat di London telah menjadi ikon transportasi Inggris. Terdapat juga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kereta_kecepatan_tinggi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kereta kecepatan tinggi">jaringan kereta cepat</a> di dua kota, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Underground?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> di London, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tyne_and_Wear_Metro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tyne and Wear Metro (halaman belum tersedia)">Tyne and Wear Metro</a> di Newcastle, Gateshead dan Sunderland.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pubwhite-162">[157]</a> Selain itu, juga ada beberapa jaringan trem seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Blackpool_Tramway&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Blackpool Tramway (halaman belum tersedia)">Blackpool Tramway</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sheffield_Supertram&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sheffield Supertram (halaman belum tersedia)">Sheffield Supertram</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Midland_Metro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Midland Metro (halaman belum tersedia)">Midland Metro</a>. Sistem Tramlink ini berpusat di Croydon, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Selatan">London Selatan</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pubwhite-162">[157]</a> Transportasi kereta api di Inggris adalah yang tertua di dunia. Kereta api penumpang berasal dari Inggris pada tahun 1825.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[158]</a> Sekitar 16.116 kilometer (10.014 mi) dari panjang total rel di Britania Raya terdapat di Inggris, yang melintas ke berbagai penjuru negara. Ada rencana untuk membuka kembali jalur-jalur lama yang ditutup seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Varsity_Line&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Varsity Line (halaman belum tersedia)">Varsity Line</a> yang menghubungkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. Jalur-jalur kereta di Inggris kebanyakan berukuran standar (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalur_tunggal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalur tunggal">jalur tunggal</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalur_ganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalur ganda">jalur ganda</a> atau <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jalur_empat&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jalur empat (halaman belum tersedia)">jalur empat</a>). Terdapat juga transportasi kereta api yang menghubungkan akses ke Prancis dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> melalui jalur kereta api bawah laut di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terowongan_Channel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terowongan Channel">Terowongan Channel</a> yang pembangunannya selesai pada tahun 1994. Inggris memiliki jaringan penerbangan domestik dan internasional yang luas. Bandar udara terbesar adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Udara_London_Heathrow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Udara London Heathrow">London Heathrow</a> yang merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_udara_tersibuk_di_dunia_menurut_lalu_lintas_penumpang_internasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandar udara tersibuk di dunia menurut lalu lintas penumpang internasional">bandar udara tersibuk di dunia berdasarkan jumlah penumpang internasional</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wsj230211-164">[159]</a> Bandar udara besar lainnya di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Udara Manchester">Bandar Udara Manchester</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Udara_London_Stansted?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandar Udara London Stansted">Bandar Udara London Stansted</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Udara_London_Luton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandar Udara London Luton">Bandar Udara London Luton</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Birmingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Birmingham">Bandar Udara Birmingham</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-airports-161">[156]</a> Di laut ada transportasi feri, baik lokal maupun internasional. Transportasi ini melayani rute ke Irlandia, Belanda, Belgia, dan sebagainya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-waterworks-165">[160]</a> Inggris memiliki jalur air ternavigasi kira-kira sepanjang 7.100 km (4.400 mi), setengahnya dikelola oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Canal_%26_River_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Canal & River Trust (halaman belum tersedia)">Canal & River Trust</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-waterworks-165">[160]</a> Namun, transportasi air ini juga sangat terbatas. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sungai_Thames?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sungai Thames">Sungai Thames</a> adalah jalur air utama di Inggris. Aktivitas ekspor dan impor difokuskan di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Tilbury&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Tilbury (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Tilbury</a>. Pelabuhan ini merupakan salah satu dari tiga pelabuhan utama di Britania Raya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-waterworks-165">[160]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:England_counties_population_(crop).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Map of England with regions shaded in different shades of blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png/170px-England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1321"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 207px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png/170px-England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png" data-alt="Map of England with regions shaded in different shades of blue." data-width="170" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png/255px-England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png/340px-England_counties_population_%28crop%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=County_non-metropolitan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="County non-metropolitan (halaman belum tersedia)">County non-metropolitan</a> dan otoritas kesatuan, kode warna untuk menunjukkan populasi. </figcaption> </figure> Dengan jumlah penduduk lebih dari 53 juta jiwa, Inggris adalah negara dengan populasi terpadat di Britania Raya. Jumlah tersebut setara dengan 84% dari total keseluruhan penduduk Britania Raya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2011census-6">[5]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Population-166">[161]</a> Secara personal, Inggris merupakan negara dengan jumlah populasi terbesar keempat di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">terbesar ke-25 di dunia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[162]</a> Inggris memiliki kepadatan penduduk 407 jiwa per kilometer persegi, terpadat di Uni Eropa setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malta">Malta</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[163]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[164]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangsa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Inggris">Bangsa Inggris</a> (English) secara otomatis juga tergolong <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangsa_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Britania">bangsa Britania</a> (British).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a> Beberapa bukti genetik menunjukkan bahwa 75-95% keturunan dari garis ayah bangsa Inggris berasal dari pemukim zaman prasejarah dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iberia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iberia">Semenanjung Iberia</a>, sedangkan 5% lebihnya berasal dari bangsa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Angles">Angles</a> and <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> serta sedikit keturunan bangsa Norse.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-opp-170">[165]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[166]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[167]</a> Namun, studi genetik lainnya memperkirakan bahwa setengah dari gen bangsa Inggris terdiri dari Norse-<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orang-orang_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orang-orang Jermanik">Jermanik</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UKmaybe-173">[168]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[169]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[170]</a> Seiring waktu, berbagai kebudayaan juga turut memengaruhi asal usul bangsa Inggris, kebudayaan ini di antaranya berasal dari Britania Prasejarah, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Briton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Briton">Britonik</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[171]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romawi_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romawi Kuno">Romawi</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-Saxon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[172]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viking">Viking</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[173]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gaelik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gaelik (halaman belum tersedia)">Gaelik</a>, serta pengaruh besar dari bangsa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandia">Normandia</a>. Terdapat diaspora bangsa Inggris di wilayah-wilayah bekas jajahan Britania, khususnya di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerika_Serikat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chili">Chili</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrika_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selandia_Baru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[catatan 6]</a> Sejak akhir 1990-an, banyak warga Inggris yang bermigrasi ke Spanyol.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184">[178]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leave-185">[179]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Pie chart with main body in blue and multiple smaller segments in other colours." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg/220px-England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1105" data-file-height="581"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 116px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg/220px-England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg" data-alt="Pie chart with main body in blue and multiple smaller segments in other colours." data-width="220" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg/330px-England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg/440px-England_ethnicity_estimates_2009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Perkiraan kelompok <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnis">etnis</a> di Inggris dan Wales pada tahun 2009.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[180]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Pada saat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Domesday_Book&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Domesday Book (halaman belum tersedia)">Domesday Book</a> disusun pada tahun 1086, lebih dari 90% populasi Inggris, atau sekitar dua juta jiwa, tinggal di pedesaan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187">[181]</a> Pada tahun 1801, jumlah populasi Inggris membengkak menjadi 8,3 juta, dan pada tahun 1901 telah tumbuh mencapai 30,5 juta.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[182]</a> Karena alasan kesejahteraan ekonomi, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Tenggara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Tenggara">Inggris Tenggara</a> telah menerima lebih banyak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imigran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imigran">imigran</a> dibandingkan dengan wilayah lainnya di Britania Raya,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a> termasuk dari Irlandia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[183]</a> Proporsi penduduk dari etnis Eropa berjumlah sekitar 87,50% dari total penduduk Inggris, terutama keturunan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polandia">Polandia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-migra-190">[184]</a> Para pendatang dari negara-negara bekas <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">jajahan Britania</a> telah tiba sejak tahun 1950. Sekitar 6% dari penduduk Inggris berasal dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>, kebanyakan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-migra-190">[184]</a> sementara 2,90% populasi Inggris lainnya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulit_hitam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulit hitam">kulit hitam</a>, terutama dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karibia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karibia">Karibia</a> dan negara-negara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> yang pernah menjadi koloni Britania Raya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-migra-190">[184]</a> Ada juga sejumlah besar etnis <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tionghoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a> di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">[3]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-migra-190">[184]</a> pada tahun 2007, sekitar 22% dari siswa sekolah dasar di Inggris berasal dari keluarga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minoritas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minoritas">minoritas</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Paton-191">[185]</a> Sekitar setengah dari peningkatan populasi antara tahun 1991 hingga 2001 disebabkan oleh imigrasi.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192">[186]</a> Masalah migrasi ini sudah menjadi perdebatan politis sepanjang tahun.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[187]</a> Berdasarkan jajak pendapat yang dilakukan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_Office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>, 80% warga Inggris menginginkan agar imigrasi ke Inggris dibatasi.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[188]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a> memprediksi bahwa populasi Inggris akan tumbuh menjadi enam juta jiwa antara tahun 2004 hingga 2029.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-increase-195">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Bahasa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">Bahasa Inggris</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sejarah_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sejarah bahasa Inggris">Sejarah bahasa Inggris</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Anglospeak.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/300px-Anglospeak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="433"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/300px-Anglospeak.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/450px-Anglospeak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/600px-Anglospeak.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Persebaran bahasa Inggris. Negara-negara dengan warna biru tua memiliki mayoritas penutur asli bahasa Inggris; biru muda menjadikan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi tetapi bukan bahasa utama. Bahasa Inggris juga merupakan salah satu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Resmi_Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Resmi Uni Eropa">Bahasa Resmi Uni Eropa</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PBB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PBB">PBB</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EUlang-196">[190]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Sesuai dengan namanya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a> adalah bahasa utama di Inggris. Saat ini, bahasa Inggris dituturkan oleh ratusan juta orang di seluruh dunia. Bahasa Inggris merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa</a> cabang Anglo-Frisian dari kelompok <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Germanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Germanik">bahasa Jermanik</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[191]</a> Setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penaklukan_Normandia_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Normandia di Inggris">penaklukan Normandia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Inggris kuno">bahasa Inggris kuno</a> tersingkirkan dan hanya dituturkan oleh masyarakat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buruh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buruh">kelas bawah</a> sebagai akibat dari meluasnya penggunaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Norman">bahasa Norman</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Latin">Latin</a> dalam aristokrasi. Pada abad ke-15, Inggris kembali pada era mode yang berlaku di seluruh jajaran kelas sosial. Meskipun banyak berubah, bentuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">bahasa Inggris Pertengahan</a> menunjukkan dominannya pengaruh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a>, baik dari segi kosakata maupun ejaan. Selama masa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Renaisans_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Renaisans Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Renaisans Inggris</a>, banyak kata yang "dipinjam" dari bahasa Latin dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yunani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[192]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Modern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Modern">Bahasa Inggris Modern</a> semakin memperluas metode "peminjaman" kata ini. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Britania</a> juga bertanggung jawab atas meluasnya persebaran bahasa Inggris. Saat ini, secara tidak resmi bahasa Inggris merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_franca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> di seluruh dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[193]</a> Bahasa Inggris telah menjadi bahasa ekonomi, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariwisata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariwisata">pariwisata</a>, dan penerbitan. Tidak ada undang-undang resmi yang mewajibkan bahasa resmi untuk Inggris,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[194]</a> namun bahasa Inggris-lah yang umumnya digunakan sebagai bahasa resmi bisnis dan pemerintahan. Meskipun Inggris adalah negara kecil, terdapat banyak aksen lokal yang saling berbeda. Aksen Inggris secara umum cenderung mengucapkan suatu kata atau kalimat dengan jelas sehingga mudah untuk dipahami dan lebih "terikat" pada grammar. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Kernowek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Kernowek">Bahasa Kernowek</a> atau Cornish, bahasa daerah yang sempat punah pada abad ke-18, dihidupkan kembali,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[195]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202">[196]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[197]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204">[198]</a> dan saat ini dilindungi di bawah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Piagam_Eropa_untuk_Bahasa_Regional_atau_Minoritas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Piagam Eropa untuk Bahasa Regional atau Minoritas (halaman belum tersedia)">Piagam Eropa untuk Bahasa Regional atau Minoritas</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[199]</a> Bahasa ini dituturkan oleh sekitar 0,1% dari total populasi di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornwall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206">[200]</a> dan juga diajarkan di beberapa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekolah_dasar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekolah dasar">sekolah dasar</a> dan sekolah menengah.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207">[201]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208">[202]</a> Sekolah-<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekolah_negeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Sekolah negeri">sekolah negeri</a> juga mengajari siswanya bahasa kedua, biasanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Spanyol</a> atau <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209">[203]</a> Akibatnya banyaknya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imigran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imigran">imigran</a>, pada tahun 2007 dilaporkan bahwa sekitar 800.000 anak sekolahan menuturkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_asing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa asing">bahasa asing</a> di rumah mereka,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Paton-191">[185]</a> yang paling banyak adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Punjabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Punjabi">bahasa Punjabi</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Agama" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Large yellow stone ornate building with buttresses and square central tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/220px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="2395"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/220px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" data-alt="Large yellow stone ornate building with buttresses and square central tower." data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/330px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/440px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral Canterbury">Katedral Canterbury</a>, kursi dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uskup_Agung_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uskup Agung Canterbury">Uskup Agung Canterbury</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> adalah agama yang paling banyak dianut di Inggris sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>, tetapi agama ini sudah diperkenalkan pertama kalinya pada masa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Romawi">Romawi</a> dan Gaelik. Saat ini, sekitar 72% dari penduduk Inggris teridentifikasi sebagai Kristiani.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statsio-211">[205]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denominasi Kristen">Denominasi</a> terbesar yang dianut adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglikan">Anglikan</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212">[206]</a> Anglikan ini berasal dari periode <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reformasi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reformasi Inggris">Reformasi Inggris</a> pada abad ke-16 saat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VIII_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry VIII dari Inggris">Raja Henry VIII</a> memisahkan negara dari Gereja <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolik_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> karena tidak diizinkan bercerai dengan istrinya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catharina_dari_Aragon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharina dari Aragon">Catharina dari Aragon</a>, serta kebutuhan akan Alkitab berbahasa Inggris. Dalam pandangan agama, Henry VIII ini dianggap sebagai penganut Katolik dan Anglikan. Di Inggris, terdapat tradisi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gereja Tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Tinggi</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Rendah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gereja Rendah (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Rendah</a>, dan beberapa penganut Anglikan menganggap dirinya sebagai "Anglo-Katolik" setelah adanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerakan_Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerakan Oxford">Gerakan Traktarian</a>. Raja atau Ratu Britania Raya adalah pemimpin tituler Gereja yang bertindak sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gubernur_Agung_Gereja_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gubernur Agung Gereja Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Gubernur Agung</a>. Anglikan merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agama_resmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama resmi">agama resmi</a> di Inggris. Ada sekitar 26 juta penganut agama ini yang tergabung menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komuni_Anglikan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Komuni Anglikan">Komuni Anglikan</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uskup_Agung_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uskup Agung Canterbury">Uskup Agung Canterbury</a> bertindak sebagai kepala simbolis komuni di seluruh dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213">[207]</a> Banyak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral">katedral</a> dan gereja-gereja <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paroki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paroki">paroki</a> yang merupakan bangunan dan arsitektur bersejarah yang terkemuka di Inggris. Bangunan-bangunan ini antara lain: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_Abbey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York_Minster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York Minster">York Minster</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral Durham">Katedral Durham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral_Santo_Paulus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral Santo Paulus">Katedral Santo Paulus</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral_Salisbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral Salisbury">Katedral Salisbury</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:George_novgorod.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Icon of man in armour on white horse fighting black dragon to his left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/George_novgorod.jpg/170px-George_novgorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="350"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 233px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/George_novgorod.jpg/170px-George_novgorod.jpg" data-alt="Icon of man in armour on white horse fighting black dragon to his left." data-width="170" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/George_novgorod.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo George">Santo George</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_pelindung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santo pelindung">santo pelindung</a> Inggris. </figcaption> </figure> Penganut Kristen terbesar kedua adalah denominasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ritus_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritus Latin">Ritus Latin</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Katolik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik">Gereja Katolik</a>. Kepercayaan ini memasuki Inggris pada abad ke-6 melalui misi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agustinus_dari_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustinus dari Canterbury">Agustinus</a> dan menjadi agama utama di seluruh pulau selama seribu tahun. Sejak munculnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emansipasi_Katolik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Emansipasi Katolik (halaman belum tersedia)">Emansipasi Katolik</a>, Gereja ini dijalankan secara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eklesiologi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eklesiologi">eklesiologikal</a> di Inggris dan Wales. Terdapat kurang lebih 4,5 juta penganut Gereja ini (sebagian besarnya penduduk Inggris).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214">[208]</a> Sampai saat ini, tercatat ada seorang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paus_(Gereja_Katolik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paus (Gereja Katolik)">Paus</a> yang berasal dari Inggris, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paus_Adrianus_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paus Adrianus IV">Adrian IV</a>. Sedangkan santo <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Beda">Beda</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anselmus_dari_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anselmus dari Canterbury">Anselm</a> dianggap sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pujangga_Gereja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pujangga Gereja">Pujangga Gereja</a>. Denominasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> yang dikenal dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Methodis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Methodis">Methodisme</a> adalah praktik Kristen terbesar ketiga dan tumbuh dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglikanisme">Anglikanisme</a> melalui <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wesley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215">[209]</a> Ajaran ini mencapai popularitas di kota-kota pabrik seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lancashire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornwall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216">[210]</a> Terdapat juga penganut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Non-konformis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Non-konformis (halaman belum tersedia)">non-konformis</a> minoritas lainnya seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Baptis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gereja Baptis">Gereja Baptis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaum_Quaker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaum Quaker">Quaker</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unitarianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unitarianisme">Unitarianisme</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kongregasionalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kongregasionalisme">Kongregasionalisme</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bala_Keselamatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bala Keselamatan">Bala Keselamatan</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217">[211]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_pelindung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santo pelindung">Santo pelindung</a> Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo George">Santo George</a>. Simbol salibnya disertakan dalam bendera Inggris, juga dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Flag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a> sebagai bagian dari kombinasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-flaghistory-134">[129]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-flaghistory-134">[129]</a> Selain itu, terdapat banyak santo Inggris lainnya. Beberapa yang paling terkenal di antaranya: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuthbert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_Alban?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Alban">Alban</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wilfrid (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilfrid</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aidan_dari_Lindisfarne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aidan dari Lindisfarne">Aidan</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_sang_Pengaku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward sang Pengaku">Edward sang Pengaku</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Fisher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_More?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Santo_Petroc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Santo Petroc (halaman belum tersedia)">Petroc</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Santo_Piran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Santo Piran (halaman belum tersedia)">Piran</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Clitherow&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Margaret Clitherow (halaman belum tersedia)">Margaret Clitherow</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Becket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>. Disamping Kristen, Inggris juga memiliki penganut agama lainnya. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yahudi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> telah memiliki penganut minoritas di Pulau Britania sejak tahun 1070.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jews-218">[212]</a> Penganut Yahudi diusir dari Inggris pada tahun 1290 menyusul diberlakukannya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Expulsion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edict of Expulsion (halaman belum tersedia)">Edict of Expulsion</a>, dan baru diizinkan kembali memasuki Inggris pada tahun 1656.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jews-218">[212]</a> Sejak tahun 1950-an, agama-agama Timur yang berasal dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">bekas koloni Britania</a> mulai masuk ke Inggris akibat imigrasi. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Islam</a> adalah yang paling menonjol, sekitar 3,1% dari total populasi Inggris adalah Muslim. Penganut Islam terbanyak terdapat di London.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statsio-211">[205]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sikh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budha">Budha</a> adalah urutan berikutnya; kombinasi total dari penganut ketiga agama ini mencapai 2% dari total penduduk Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statsio-211">[205]</a> Agama-agama ini terutama sekali dibawa oleh para imigran dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Tenggara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statsio-211">[205]</a> Selebihnya, sekitar 14,6% penduduk Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateisme">ateis</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statsio-211">[205]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Senate_House,_University_of_London.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Senate House of the University of London." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/170px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="1967"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/170px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg" data-alt="Senate House of the University of London." data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/255px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg/340px-Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Gedung Senat Universitas London, pusat administratif dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas London">Universitas London</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Departemen Pendidikan adalah departemen pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk masalah-masalah yang memengaruhi hajat hidup orang banyak di Inggris sampai dengan usia 19 tahun, termasuk pendidikan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219">[213]</a> Sekolah-sekolah negeri dihadiri oleh sekitar 93% pelajar di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220">[214]</a> Dari jumlah tersebut, terdapat minoritas sekolah-sekolah keagamaan, terutama sekolah Katolik dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gereja Inggris">Gereja Inggris</a>. Anak-anak yang berusia antara tiga dan empat tahun menghadiri TK, 4 sampai 11 tahun menghadiri sekolah dasar, dan usia 11 sampai 16 tahun menghadiri sekolah menengah. Setelah menyelesaikan wajib belajar, siswa mengikuti ujian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSE</a>. Setelah itu mereka bisa memutuskan untuk melanjutkan pendidikan lanjutan selama dua tahun. Pendidikan lanjutan ini ada yang terpisah ataupun menyatu dengan institusi-institusi sekolah menengah yang mempersiapkan para siswa dalam mengikuti ujian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A-Level?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A-Level">A-Level</a> untuk masuk ke universitas. Meskipun sebagian besar sekolah menengah di Inggris adalah sekolah komprehensif, di beberapa daerah juga terdapat sekolah grammar yang selektif. Sekitar 7,2% pelajar di Inggris menghadiri <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekolah_swasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekolah swasta">sekolah swasta</a> yang didanai oleh swasta.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221">[215]</a> Standar di sekolah negeri dipantau oleh Kantor Standar Pendidikan, sedangkan di sekolah swasta dipantau oleh Inspektorat Sekolah Independen.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222">[216]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Large yellow stone building with an arched window and two towers at the end nearest the photographer. In the foreground is grass and water with people in a punt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/220px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/220px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg" data-alt="Large yellow stone building with an arched window and two towers at the end nearest the photographer. In the foreground is grass and water with people in a punt." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/330px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/440px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas Cambridge">Universitas Cambridge</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Siswa biasanya melanjutkan ke jenjang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas">universitas</a> pada usia 18 tahun lebih, di mana mereka belajar untuk meraih gelar akademik. Ada lebih dari 90 universitas di Inggris, semuanya, kecuali satu, merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_negeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas negeri">universitas negeri</a>. Departemen untuk Bisnis, Inovasi dan Keterampilan adalah departemen pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk permasalahan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pendidikan_tinggi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendidikan tinggi">pendidikan tinggi</a> di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223">[217]</a> Tingkat pertama yang ditawarkan kepada mahasiswa adalah gelar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarjana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarjana">sarjana</a>, biasanya lama pendidikannya tiga tahun. Lulusan yang memenuhi syarat kemudian diperbolehkan mengambil gelar pascasarjana dan master, yang membutuhkan waktu satu tahun, serta gelar doktor (tiga tahun). Beberapa universitas di Inggris merupakan universitas dengan peringkat tertinggi di dunia. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas Cambridge">Universitas Cambridge</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperial_College_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas Oxford">Universitas Oxford</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitas_Kolese_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitas Kolese London">Universitas Kolese London</a> adalah beberapa dari 10 universitas dengan peringkat teratas di dunia berdasarkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peringkat_Universitas_Dunia_THE-QS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peringkat Universitas Dunia THE-QS">Peringkat Universitas Dunia THE-QS</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224">[218]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_School_of_Economics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> digambarkan sebagai salah satu sekolah bisnis terkemuka untuk bidang pengajaran dan penelitian.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-london_156-225">[219]</a> Selain itu, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=London_Business_School&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="London Business School (halaman belum tersedia)">London Business School</a> juga dianggap sebagai salah satu sekolah bisnis terkemuka dan pada tahun 2010, program MBA-nya menduduki peringkat terbaik di dunia berdasarkan pemeringkatan yang dirilis oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ft-226">[220]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gelar_akademik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gelar akademik">Gelar akademik</a> di Inggris biasanya dibagi menjadi tiga kelas, yaitu: kelas pertama (I), kelas kedua atas (II:1), kelas kedua yang lebih rendah (II:2), dan kelas ketiga (III). <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_King's_School,_Canterbury&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The King's School, Canterbury (halaman belum tersedia)">The King's School, Canterbury</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=King's_School,_Rochester&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="King's School, Rochester (halaman belum tersedia)">King's School, Rochester</a> adalah sekolah berbahasa Inggris tertua di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227">[221]</a> Banyak sekolah-sekolah di Inggris yang terkemuka, di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Winchester_College&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Winchester College (halaman belum tersedia)">Winchester College</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eton_College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=St_Paul's_School_(London)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="St Paul's School (London) (halaman belum tersedia)">St Paul's School</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rugby_School&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rugby School (halaman belum tersedia)">Rugby School</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Harrow_School&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Harrow School (halaman belum tersedia)">Harrow School</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-228">[222]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Kesehatan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham,_Edgbaston,_Birmingham,_England-7March2011.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Birds I view of a large hospital." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4692" data-file-height="2652"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg" data-alt="Birds I view of a large hospital." data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham%2C_Edgbaston%2C_Birmingham%2C_England-7March2011.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, salah satu rumah sakit <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Health_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Health Service">NHS</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Health_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS) adalah lembaga kesehatan pemerintah yang didanai oleh publik di Inggris. Lembaga ini bertanggung jawab untuk menyediakan sebagian besar pelayanan kesehatan di negara ini. NHS ini didirikan pada tanggal 5 Juli 1948 melalui <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=National_Health_Service_Act_1946&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="National Health Service Act 1946 (halaman belum tersedia)">National Health Service Act 1946</a> setelah adanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Laporan_Beveridge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Laporan Beveridge (halaman belum tersedia)">Laporan Beveridge</a> mengenai kesehatan di Britania Raya yang diteliti oleh ekonom <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Beveridge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Beveridge (halaman belum tersedia)">William Beveridge</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-229">[223]</a> Dalam pengoperasiannya, NHS sebagian besar didanai dari pajak umum, termasuk pembayaran Asuransi Nasional.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230">[224]</a> Hampir keseluruhan layanan yang disediakan oleh NHS ini tidak dipungut bayaran sama sekali, meskipun beberapa layanan seperti pemeriksaan mata, perawatan gigi, resep, dan perawatan pribadi juga dipungut bayaran khusus.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231">[225]</a> Departemen pemerintah yang mengelola NHS adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Kesehatan_Britania_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Departemen Kesehatan Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Kesehatan</a>. Departemen ini dipimpin oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sekretaris_Negara_untuk_Kesehatan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sekretaris Negara untuk Kesehatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekretaris Negara untuk Kesehatan</a> yang duduk di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kabinet_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kabinet Britania Raya">Kabinet Britania Raya</a>. Total anggaran Departemen Kesehatan yang dikeluarkan untuk mendanai NHS pada tahun 2008–2009 adalah sekitar £98,6 miliar.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-budget2008-232">[226]</a> Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sektor swasta juga telah berkembang dan menyediakan layanan kesehatan yang lebih banyak daripada NHS, tetapi hal ini ditentang oleh dokter dan serikat pekerja di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-233">[227]</a> Rata-rata <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harapan_hidup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harapan hidup">harapan hidup</a> penduduk Inggris adalah 77,5 tahun untuk pria dan 81,7 tahun untuk wanita, yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan tiga negara Britania lainnya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-234">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Perkotaan">Perkotaan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Perkotaan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Lihat pula: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tempat_di_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Daftar tempat di Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar tempat di Inggris</a> </div> Sejauh ini, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_London_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan London Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan London Raya</a> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kawasan_perkotaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan perkotaan">kawasan perkotaan</a> terbesar di Inggris,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-largesturb-235">[229]</a> dan juga merupakan salah satu kota tersibuk di dunia. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a> merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kota_global?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kota global">kota global</a> dan memiliki populasi terbesar di Britania Raya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-largesturb-235">[229]</a> Kawasan perkotaan besar lainnya yang cukup berpengaruh terdapat di Inggris bagian utara atau di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Midlands">Midlands</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-largesturb-235">[229]</a> Ada enam puluh enam permukiman yang telah diberi status sebagai kota di Britania Raya. Lima puluh di antaranya terdapat di Inggris. Cukup banyak kota di Inggris yang tergolong besar dari segi ukuran, kota-kota ini antara lain: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheffield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liverpool_(kota)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool (kota)">Liverpool</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Leeds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=City_of_Bradford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="City of Bradford (halaman belum tersedia)">Bradford</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nottingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, dan sebagainya. Jumlah populasi yang besar bukanlah prasyarat utama agar suatu permukiman diberi status kota.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cathcities-236">[230]</a> Secara tradisional, status kota diberikan kepada permukiman-permukiman yang telah memiliki <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral">katedral</a> keuskupan. Akibatnya, kota-kota kecil seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wells&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wells (halaman belum tersedia)">Wells</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripon">Ripon</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Truro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Truro">Truro</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chichester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chichester">Chichester</a> juga berstatus kota.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cathcities-236">[230]</a> Menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>, sepuluh kawasan perkotaan terbesar di Inggris adalah sebagai berikut:<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-largesturb-235">[229]</a> <table style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="width:5%;">Peringkat</th> <th style="width:30%;">Kawasan perkotaan</th> <th style="width:15%;">Populasi</th> <th style="width:5%;">Permukiman</th> <th style="width:45%;">Permukiman utama</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_London_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan London Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan London Raya</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">8.278.251</td> <td>67</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Raya">London Raya</a>, terbagi menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of London">City of London</a> dan 32 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_borough?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough">London borough</a>, termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Croydon_(borough_London)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Croydon (borough London) (halaman belum tersedia)">Croydon</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barnet_(borough_London)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barnet (borough London)">Barnet</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ealing_(borough_London)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ealing (borough London) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ealing</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bromley_(borough_London)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bromley (borough London) (halaman belum tersedia)">Bromley</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-237">[231]</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_West_Midlands&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan West Midlands (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan West Midlands</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.284.093</td> <td>22</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolverhampton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dudley&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dudley (halaman belum tersedia)">Dudley</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walsall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aldridge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aldridge (halaman belum tersedia)">Aldridge</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>3</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_Manchester_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan Manchester Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan Manchester Raya</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">2.240.230</td> <td>57</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salford">Salford</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolton">Bolton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stockport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stockport">Stockport</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oldham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oldham">Oldham</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>4</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kawasan_Perkotaan_West_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan Perkotaan West Yorkshire">Kawasan Perkotaan West Yorkshire</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.499.465</td> <td>26</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leeds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bradford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huddersfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wakefield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wakefield">Wakefield</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>5</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tyneside&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tyneside (halaman belum tersedia)">Tyneside</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">879.996</td> <td>25</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=North_Shields&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="North Shields (halaman belum tersedia)">North Shields</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Shields?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Shields">South Shields</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gateshead&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gateshead (halaman belum tersedia)">Gateshead</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jarrow&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jarrow (halaman belum tersedia)">Jarrow</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>6</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_Liverpool&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan Liverpool (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan Liverpool</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">816.216</td> <td>8</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liverpool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=St_Helens,_Merseyside&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="St Helens, Merseyside (halaman belum tersedia)">St Helens</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bootle&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bootle (halaman belum tersedia)">Bootle</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Huyton-with-Roby&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Huyton-with-Roby (halaman belum tersedia)">Huyton-with-Roby</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_Nottingham&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan Nottingham (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan Nottingham</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">666.358</td> <td>15</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nottingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beeston,_Nottinghamshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Beeston, Nottinghamshire (halaman belum tersedia)">Beeston</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stapleford,_Nottinghamshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stapleford, Nottinghamshire (halaman belum tersedia)">Stapleford</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carlton,_Nottinghamshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Carlton, Nottinghamshire (halaman belum tersedia)">Carlton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Long_Eaton&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Long Eaton (halaman belum tersedia)">Long Eaton</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>8</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_Sheffield&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan Sheffield (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan Sheffield</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">640.720</td> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheffield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rotherham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rotherham">Rotherham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chapeltown,_South_Yorkshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chapeltown, South Yorkshire (halaman belum tersedia)">Chapeltown</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mosborough&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mosborough (halaman belum tersedia)">Mosborough</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>9</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perkotaan_Bristol&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kawasan Perkotaan Bristol (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Perkotaan Bristol</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">551.066</td> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bristol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kingswood,_South_Gloucestershire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kingswood, South Gloucestershire (halaman belum tersedia)">Kingswood</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mangotsfield&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mangotsfield (halaman belum tersedia)">Mangotsfield</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stoke_Gifford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stoke Gifford (halaman belum tersedia)">Stoke Gifford</a></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>10</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton (halaman belum tersedia)">Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">461.181</td> <td>10</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brighton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Worthing&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Worthing (halaman belum tersedia)">Worthing</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hove&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hove (halaman belum tersedia)">Hove</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Littlehampton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Littlehampton">Littlehampton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shoreham-by-Sea&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shoreham-by-Sea (halaman belum tersedia)">Shoreham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lancing,_West_Sussex&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lancing, West Sussex (halaman belum tersedia)">Lancing</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budaya_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budaya Inggris">Budaya Inggris</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Arsitektur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:London_2408.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="White stone building with tower topped with a dome. In the foreground are trees and a red rectangular vertical box with windows." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/London_2408.JPG/250px-London_2408.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/London_2408.JPG/250px-London_2408.JPG" data-alt="White stone building with tower topped with a dome. In the foreground are trees and a red rectangular vertical box with windows." data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/London_2408.JPG/375px-London_2408.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/London_2408.JPG/500px-London_2408.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral_Santo_Paulus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral Santo Paulus">Katedral Santo Paulus</a> yang bergaya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Barok_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Barok Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Barok Inggris</a> </figcaption> </figure> Banyak monumen-<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monumen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monumen">monumen</a> kuno yang dibangun pada masa prasejarah, yang paling terkenal adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stonehenge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Devil's_Arrows&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Devil's Arrows (halaman belum tersedia)">Devil's Arrows</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rudston_Monolith&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rudston Monolith (halaman belum tersedia)">Rudston Monolith</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lingkaran_batu_Castlerigg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lingkaran batu Castlerigg (halaman belum tersedia)">Castlerigg</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-238">[232]</a> Dengan diperkenalkannya arsitektur <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romawi_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romawi Kuno">Romawi Kuno</a>, bangunan-bangunan seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilika">basilika</a>, pemandian, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amfiteater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amfiteater">amfiteater</a>, villa, kuil Romawi, benteng, dan saluran air model Romawi juga makin berkembang.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-roman-239">[233]</a> Romawi mendirikan kota-kota pertama seperti London, Bath, York, Chester dan St Albans. Contoh arsitektur terpentingnya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tembok_Hadrian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tembok Hadrian">Tembok Hadrian</a>, yang membentang di bagian utara Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-roman-239">[233]</a> Peninggalan lainnya yang cukup terpelihara dengan baik adalah pemandian Romawi di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bath,_Somerset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath, Somerset</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-roman-239">[233]</a> Bangunan dan arsitektur pada Awal Abad Pertengahan biasanya berupa konstruksi sederhana yang menggunakan kayu dengan atap dari ilalang. Arsitektur gereja bergaya sintesis <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hiberno&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hiberno (halaman belum tersedia)">Hiberno</a>-<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon">Saxon</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monastisisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monastisisme">monastisisme</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240">[234]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241">[235]</a> Setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penaklukan_Normandia_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Normandia di Inggris">penaklukan Norman</a> pada tahun 1066, berbagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastel">kastel</a> di Inggris diciptakan agar para penguasa bisa menegakkan otoritas mereka serta untuk melindungi invasi dari arah utara. Beberapa kastel abad pertengahan yang terkenal adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menara_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Menara London">Menara London</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kastel_Warwick&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kastel Warwick (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastel Warwick</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastel_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kastel Durham">Kastel Durham</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastel_Windsor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kastel Windsor">Kastel Windsor</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-buildings-242">[236]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg/220px-Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3990" data-file-height="2659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg/220px-Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg/330px-Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg/440px-Windsor_Castle_at_Sunset_-_Nov_2006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastel_Windsor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kastel Windsor">Kastel Windsor</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Selama era Plantagenet, arsitektur Gothik <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral">katedral</a> abad pertengahan berkembang pesat. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katedral_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katedral Canterbury">Katedral Canterbury</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_Abbey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York_Minster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York Minster">York Minster</a> adalah contoh utamanya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-buildings-242">[236]</a> Selain itu juga dibangun berbagai kastel, istana, gedung universitas dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gereja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gereja">gereja</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paroki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paroki">paroki</a>. Arsitektur abad pertengahan ini berakhir pada abad ke-16 saat era Tudor dimulai. Sebagai buntut dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renaissance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, bentuk arsitektur bergaya klasik berbaur dengan era kekristenan. Arsitek dengan gaya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barok">Barok</a> Inggris yang terkenal salah satunya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christopher_Wren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243">[237]</a> Arsitektur pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Era_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Era George">era George</a> bergaya lebih halus dan membangkitkan kembali bentuk Palladian sederhana. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Royal Crescent (halaman belum tersedia)">Royal Crescent</a> di Bath adalah salah satu contoh terbaik dari arsitektur pada era ini. Dengan munculnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantisisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantisisme">romantisisme</a> selama periode Victoria, gaya Gothik kembali dibangkitkan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a> juga turut membuka jalan bagi arsitektur-arsitektur seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a>. Sejak tahun 1930-an, berbagai arsitektur bergaya modernis juga telah muncul, meskipun hal ini banyak dipertentangkan oleh para penganut tradisionalis.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245">[catatan 7]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cerita_rakyat">Cerita rakyat</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Cerita rakyat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Drawing depicting Robin Hood, wearing Lincoln green clothing, and Sir Guy of Gisbourne, wearing brown furs, in a forest preparing to shoot with bows and arrows." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png/170px-Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="466"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 250px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png/170px-Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png" data-alt="Drawing depicting Robin Hood, wearing Lincoln green clothing, and Sir Guy of Gisbourne, wearing brown furs, in a forest preparing to shoot with bows and arrows." data-width="170" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png/255px-Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Robin_shoots_with_sir_Guy_by_Louis_Rhead_1912.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robin_Hood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>, illustrasi pada tahun 1912. </figcaption> </figure> Cerita rakyat Inggris telah berkembang selama berabad-abad. Beberapa karakter dan cerita mewakili seluruh Inggris, tetapi ada juga sebagian yang mewakili daerah tertentu. Makhluk-makhluk mitos dalam cerita rakyat Inggris di antaranya Pixies, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raksasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raksasa">raksasa</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peri">peri</a>, bogeymen, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Troll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troll">troll</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goblin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goblin">goblin</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurcaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurcaci">kurcaci</a>. Cerita-cerita rakyat kuno yang berasal dari Inggris antara lain termasuk cerita yang menampilkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Offa_dari_Angel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Offa dari Angel (halaman belum tersedia)">Offa dari Angel</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wayland_the_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wayland the Smith (halaman belum tersedia)">Wayland the Smith</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-keary-246">[239]</a> Kisah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robin_Hood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Merry_Men&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Merry Men (halaman belum tersedia)">Merry Men</a> dari Sherwood dan pertarungan mereka dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sheriff_dari_Nottingham&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sheriff dari Nottingham (halaman belum tersedia)">Sheriff dari Nottingham</a> mungkin adalah cerita rakyat Inggris yang paling terkenal di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-247">[240]</a> Selama Abad Pertengahan, cerita-cerita yang berasal dari tradisi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Briton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Briton">Britonik</a> menjadi bagian dari cerita rakyat Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-woodbbc-248">[241]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-higham1-249">[242]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250">[243]</a> Cerita-cerita ini berasal dari sumber-sumber Anglo-Norman, Prancis dan Weales,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-higham1-249">[242]</a> mengisahkan tentang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raja_Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raja Arthur">Raja Arthur</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camelot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camelot">Camelot</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Excalibur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merlin">Merlin</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kesatria_Meja_Bundar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesatria Meja Bundar">Kesatria Meja Bundar</a> seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lancelot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a>. Cerita-cerita ini muncul bersamaan dengan cerita-cerita <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_dari_Monmouth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey dari Monmouth">Geoffrey dari Monmouth</a> dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sejarah_Raja-Raja_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sejarah Raja-Raja Britania">Historia Regum Britanniae</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-252">[catatan 8]</a> Tokoh lainnya dari cerita rakyat Inggris, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raja_Cole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Cole">Raja Cole</a>, mungkin didasarkan pada tokoh nyata dari era Britania Romawi. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Morris_men.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Men in bright red clothing holding sticks in the air." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Morris_men.jpg/220px-Morris_men.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Morris_men.jpg/220px-Morris_men.jpg" data-alt="Men in bright red clothing holding sticks in the air." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Morris_men.jpg/330px-Morris_men.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Morris_men.jpg/440px-Morris_men.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tari_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tari Morris (halaman belum tersedia)">Tari Morris</a>, tari tradisional Inggris. </figcaption> </figure> Beberapa tokoh dalam cerita rakyat didasarkan pada tokoh-tokoh sejarah semi ataupun aktual yang kisahnya telah diwariskan selama berabad-abad. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lady_Godiva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lady Godiva">Lady Godiva</a> misalnya, dikatakan bahwa ia mengendarai kuda dengan bertelanjang melewati <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coventry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hereward_the_Wake&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hereward the Wake (halaman belum tersedia)">Hereward the Wake</a> adalah seorang tokoh heroik Inggris yang melawan invasi Norman, sedangkan Herne the Hunter dipercaya sebagai seorang hantu penunggang kuda yang berasal dari hutan dan taman di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windsor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Windsor">Windsor</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-253">[245]</a> Setiap tanggal 5 November, orang-orang membuat api unggun, menyalakan kembang api dan memakan tofe apel dalam rangka memperingati upaya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guy_Fawkes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a> dalam menggagalkan konspirasi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plot_Bubuk_Mesiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plot Bubuk Mesiu">Plot Bubuk Mesiu</a>. Selain itu, terdapat juga sejumlah identitas dan kegiatan tradisional, baik yang bersifat regional ataupun nasional. Beberapa di antaranya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tari_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tari Morris (halaman belum tersedia)">tari Morris</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tari_Maypole&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tari Maypole (halaman belum tersedia)">tari Maypole</a>, Rapper sword di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris_Timur_Laut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris Timur Laut">Inggris Timur Laut</a>, Long Sword dance di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummers_Play" class="extiw" title="en:Mummers Play">Mummers Play</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bottle-kicking" class="extiw" title="en:bottle-kicking">bottle-kicking</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leicestershire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a>, dan <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper%2527s_Hill_Cheese-Rolling_and_Wake" class="extiw" title="en:Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake">cheese-rolling</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brockworth,_Gloucestershire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Brockworth, Gloucestershire (halaman belum tersedia)">Cooper's Hill</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254">[246]</a> Inggris tidak memiliki kostum nasional resmi, tetapi kostum-kostum yang dikenakan oleh Raja dan Ratu, pengawal Ratu, kostum Morris, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beefeater&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Beefeater (halaman belum tersedia)">Beefeater</a> dianggap sebagai kostum tradisional tidak resmi.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-255">[247]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kuliner">Kuliner</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Kuliner" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Fish_and_chips.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Fish and chips." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Fish_and_chips.jpg/220px-Fish_and_chips.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Fish_and_chips.jpg/220px-Fish_and_chips.jpg" data-alt="Fish and chips." data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Fish_and_chips.jpg/330px-Fish_and_chips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Fish_and_chips.jpg/440px-Fish_and_chips.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fish_and_chips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a> adalah salah satu kuliner Inggris yang dikonsumsi secara umum. </figcaption> </figure> Sejak Periode Modern Awal, kuliner Inggris secara historis ditandai oleh kesederhanaan dan ketergantungan pada produk-produk alami yang berkualitas tinggi. Sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pencerahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pencerahan">Abad Pencerahan</a>, masakan Inggris menerima reputasi yang sangat baik, tetapi penurunan kualitas terjadi selama masa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a> dengan banyaknya penduduk yang pindah dari pulau dan meningkatnya gelombang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbanisasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanisasi">urbanisasi</a>. Baru-baru ini, kuliner Inggris kembali mengalami kebangkitan yang telah diakui oleh para kritikus sebagai salah satu kuliner dengan kualitas terbaik. Majalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Restaurant_(majalah)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Restaurant (majalah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Restaurant</a> baru-baru ini menobatkan restoran Inggris sebagai salah satu restoran terbaik di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256">[248]</a> Buku resep mengenai kuliner Inggris yang paling awal adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forme_of_Cury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Forme of Cury">Forme of Cury</a>, yang diterbitkan pada masa pemerintahan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_II_dari_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard II dari Inggris">Richard II</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-257">[249]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Apple_pie.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="An apple pie on a red table cloth, with green apples next to it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Apple_pie.jpg/220px-Apple_pie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="1657"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Apple_pie.jpg/220px-Apple_pie.jpg" data-alt="An apple pie on a red table cloth, with green apples next to it." data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Apple_pie.jpg/330px-Apple_pie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Apple_pie.jpg/440px-Apple_pie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pai_apel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pai apel">Pai apel</a> sudah dikonsumsi di Inggris sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Beberapa contoh makanan tradisional Inggris di antaranya: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sunday_roast&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sunday roast (halaman belum tersedia)">Sunday roast</a>, yang terdiri dari daging sapi, domba, atau ayam panggang yang disajikan dengan berbagai macam sayuran rebus, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puding_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puding Yorkshire">puding Yorkshire</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuah">kuah</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tradfood-258">[250]</a> Makanan terkenal lainnya termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fish_and_chips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarapan_lengkap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarapan lengkap">full English breakfast</a>, yang terdiri dari bacon, tomat panggang, roti goreng, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sosis_darah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sosis darah">sosis hitam</a>, kacang panggang, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jamur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jamur">jamur</a> goreng, sosis, dan telur. Berbagai variasi pai daging dikonsumsi sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Steak_and_kidney_pie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Steak and kidney pie (halaman belum tersedia)">steak and kidney pie</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cottage_pie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cottage pie (halaman belum tersedia)">cottage pie</a>, Cornish <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pasty (halaman belum tersedia)">pasty</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pork_pie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pork pie (halaman belum tersedia)">pork pie</a>, yang terakhir dikonsumsi secara dingin.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tradfood-258">[250]</a> Sosis adalah makanan yang dikonsumsi secara umum, baik yang divariasikan sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bangers_and_mash&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bangers and mash (halaman belum tersedia)">bangers and mash</a> ataupun <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Toad_in_the_hole&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Toad in the hole (halaman belum tersedia)">toad in the hole</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lancashire_hotpot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire hotpot">Lancashire hotpot</a> adalah masakan rebus yang terkenal. Beberapa varian keju yang terkenal adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keju_cheddar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Keju cheddar">keju cheddar</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wensleydale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wensleydale">Wensleydale</a>. Banyak juga variasi makanan Inggris-India, misalnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kari">kari</a>, yang kemudian diolah menjadi kuliner-kuliner seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chicken_tikka_masala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chicken tikka masala (halaman belum tersedia)">chicken tikka masala</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Balti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Balti (halaman belum tersedia)">balti</a>. Hidangan rasa manis Inggris di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pai_apel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pai apel">pai apel</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pai_mince&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pai mince (halaman belum tersedia)">pai mince</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spotted_dick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spotted dick">spotted dick</a>, scone, kue eccles, custard, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Puding_sticky_toffee&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Puding sticky toffee (halaman belum tersedia)">puding sticky toffee</a>. Minuman yang dikonsumsi secara umum adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teh">teh</a>, yang dipopulerkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catherine_dari_Braganza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine dari Braganza">Catherine dari Braganza</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259">[251]</a> Sedangkan minuman beralkohol antara lain <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine">wine</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cider?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cider">cider</a>, dan bir Inggris seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bitter&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bitter (halaman belum tersedia)">bitter</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mild_ale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mild ale (halaman belum tersedia)">mild</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stout">stout</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brown_ale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Brown ale (halaman belum tersedia)">brown ale</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-260">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Seni_rupa">Seni rupa</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Seni rupa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:HogarthMarriage.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="A painting of a red haired woman, sitting in a boat, surrounded by trees." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/HogarthMarriage.jpg/220px-HogarthMarriage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="860"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/HogarthMarriage.jpg/220px-HogarthMarriage.jpg" data-alt="A painting of a red haired woman, sitting in a boat, surrounded by trees." data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/HogarthMarriage.jpg/330px-HogarthMarriage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/HogarthMarriage.jpg/440px-HogarthMarriage.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Salah satu seri Marriage a la Mode oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Hogarth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Contoh-contoh awal yang dikenal sebagai karya seni prasejarah batu dan gua yang paling menonjol terdapat di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Yorkshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>, Northumberland dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, serta di kawasan selatan seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Creswell_Crags&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Creswell Crags (halaman belum tersedia)">Creswell Crags</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261">[253]</a> Dengan kedatangan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Romawi">kebudayaan Romawi</a> pada abad ke-1, berbagai bentuk seni seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patung">patung</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lukisan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukisan">lukisan</a> dan mosaik mulai berkembang. Ada banyak artefak yang saat ini masih berdiri kokoh, seperti yang terdapat di di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Villa_Romawi_Lullingstone&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Villa Romawi Lullingstone (halaman belum tersedia)">Lullingstone</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Isurium_Brigantum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Isurium Brigantum (halaman belum tersedia)">Aldborough</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262">[254]</a> Selama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a> awal, gaya seni ukir salib dan gading, lukisan naskah, emas dan perhiasan enamel juga berkembang, seperti yang terdapat dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Staffordshire_Hoard&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Staffordshire Hoard (halaman belum tersedia)">Staffordshire Hoard</a>, yang ditemukan pada tahun 2009. Beberapa gaya Gaelik bercampur dengan gaya Anglian, gaya ini dapat dijumpai dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Injil_Lindisfarne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Injil Lindisfarne (halaman belum tersedia)">Injil Lindisfarne</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vespasian_Psalter&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vespasian Psalter (halaman belum tersedia)">Vespasian Psalter</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-263">[255]</a> Era berikutnya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gotik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotik">seni Gotik</a> mulai populer di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> dan Canterbury, contoh yang saat ini masih bertahan di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Benedictional_of_St._%C3%86thelwold&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Benedictional of St. Æthelwold (halaman belum tersedia)">Benedictional of St. Æthelwold</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Luttrell_Psalter&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Luttrell Psalter (halaman belum tersedia)">Luttrell Psalter</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engart-264">[256]</a> Selama era Tudor, beberapa seniman terkemuka menghasilkan karya-karya lukisan yang kemudian akan tetap menjadi bagian abadi dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Seni_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Seni Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">seni Inggris</a>. Era ini dipelopori oleh seniman Jerman <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hans_Holbein_the_Younger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hans Holbein the Younger (halaman belum tersedia)">Hans Holbein</a>, dan seniman-seniman pribumi seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicholas_Hilliard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicholas Hilliard">Nicholas Hilliard</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engart-264">[256]</a> Di bawah pemerintahan Stuart, seniman Kontinental sangat berpengaruh dalam seni Inggris, seniman-seniman yang lahir dari era ini di antaranya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Peter_Lely&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Peter Lely (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Lely</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Godfrey_Kneller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Godfrey Kneller">Godfrey Kneller</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Dobson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Dobson (halaman belum tersedia)">William Dobson</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engart-264">[256]</a> Abad ke-18 menjadi periode terpenting bagi perkembangan seni Inggris dengan didirikannya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Academy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gainsborough&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Gainsborough (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomas Gainsborough</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a> adalah beberapa seniman terkemuka yang muncul dari era ini.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engart-264">[256]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Norwich_School&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Norwich School (halaman belum tersedia)">Norwich School</a> meneruskan tradisi seni lanskap, sedangkan gerakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persaudaraan_Pra-Raphaelite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persaudaraan Pra-Raphaelite">Persaudaraan Pra-Raphaelite</a> dengan gaya mereka yang jelas dan rinci menghidupkan kembali gaya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pencerahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pencerahan">Pencerahan awal</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Holman_Hunt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Holman Hunt (halaman belum tersedia)">Holman Hunt</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Everett_Millais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a> adalah pelopor dari gerakan ini.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-engart-264">[256]</a> Seniman terkemuka pada abad ke-20 seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Moore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a>, dianggap sebagai pelopor seni patung Inggris, dan pelopor <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modernisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modernisme">modernisme</a> Inggris pada umumnya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265">[257]</a> Pelukis kontemporer Inggris yang terkemuka termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucian_Freud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucian Freud">Lucian Freud</a>, dengan karyanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Benefits_Supervisor_Sleeping&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Benefits Supervisor Sleeping (halaman belum tersedia)">Benefits Supervisor Sleeping</a>, yang pada tahun 2008 memecahkan rekor dunia sebagai lukisan seniman hidup termahal yang pernah dijual.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sastra,_puisi_dan_filsafat">Sastra, puisi dan filsafat</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Sastra, puisi dan filsafat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sastra_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sastra Inggris">Sastra Inggris</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Shakespeare.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/170px-Shakespeare.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2489"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 218px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/170px-Shakespeare.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="218" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/255px-Shakespeare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/340px-Shakespeare.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> </figcaption> </figure> Penulis awal seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Beda">Beda</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcuin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a> menulis karya-karyanya dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-warnancmod-267">[259]</a> Periode sastra Inggris Kuno menghasilkan karya puisi epik <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beowulf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a> dan prosa sekuler <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (halaman belum tersedia)">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268">[260]</a> serta tulisan-tulisan Kristen seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Judith_(puisi)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Judith (puisi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Judith</a>, karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cædmon">Cædmon</a>: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cædmon">Hymn</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagiografi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagiografi">hagiografi</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-warnancmod-267">[259]</a> Setelah penaklukan Norman, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Latin">sastra Latin</a> mulai berkembang, terutama di antara kelas-atas terdidik. Sastra Inggris Pertengahan yang terkemuka diwakili oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, penulis <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a>, bersama dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gower">Gower</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Penyair_Pearl&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Penyair Pearl (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyair Pearl</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Langland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Langland">Langland</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_dari_Ockham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William dari Ockham">William dari Ockham</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roger_Bacon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>, yang merupakan seorang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fransiskan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fransiskan">Fransiskan</a>, adalah filsuf utama yang muncul dari dari Abad Pertengahan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julian_dari_Norwich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julian dari Norwich">Julian dari Norwich</a>, yang menulis <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Revelations_of_Divine_Love&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Revelations of Divine Love (halaman belum tersedia)">Revelations of Divine Love</a>, adalah seorang mistikus Kristen terkemuka. Kemunculan sastra Inggris pencerahan pada periode Modern Awal juga menghasilkan beberapa penyair dan filsuf terkemuka. Salah satunya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, dengan karya-karyanya seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-269">[261]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_Spenser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sydney&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Philip Sydney (halaman belum tersedia)">Philip Sydney</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kyd&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Kyd (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomas Kyd</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Donne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Donne">John Donne</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Jonson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> adalah penulis terkemuka yang berasal dari era Elizabethan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-elizren-270">[262]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Bacon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, memelopori gaya penulisan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empirisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empirisme">empirisme</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Materialisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Materialisme">materialisme</a>, termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metode_ilmiah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metode ilmiah">metode ilmiah</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontrak_sosial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontrak sosial">kontrak sosial</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-elizren-270">[262]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Filmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a> menulis tentang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Divine_Right_of_Kings&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Divine Right of Kings (halaman belum tersedia)">Divine Right of Kings</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Marvell&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Andrew Marvell (halaman belum tersedia)">Marvell</a> adalah penyair terkemuka yang muncul dari era <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persemakmuran_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persemakmuran Inggris">Persemakmuran</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271">[263]</a> sedangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Milton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Milton">John Milton</a> menulis <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradise_Lost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a> selama era <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restorasi_(Inggris)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorasi (Inggris)">Restorasi</a>. Beberapa filsuf yang paling menonjol dari era <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pencerahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pencerahan">Pencerahan</a> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Locke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Paine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a>. Elemen yang lebih radikal kemudian dipelopori oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_Burke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> yang dianggap sebagai pendiri konservatisme.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272">[264]</a> Penyair <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Pope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a> dengan ayat satir nya yang sangat dihormati. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangsa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Inggris">Bangsa Inggris</a> memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantisisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantisisme">romantisisme</a>: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Byron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Keats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Shelley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Wordsworth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> adalah tokoh utamanya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-273">[265]</a> Sebagai tanggapan terhadap <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolusi_Industri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>, penulis agraria muncul dengan topik-topik kebebasan dan tradisionalis; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Cobbett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Cobbett">William Cobbett</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G._K._Chesterton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a> and <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hilaire_Belloc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hilaire Belloc (halaman belum tersedia)">Hilaire Belloc</a> adalah pelopor utamanya, sedangkan pendiri serikat sosialisme, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Penty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arthur Penty (halaman belum tersedia)">Arthur Penty</a>, dan gerakan koperasi advokat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G._D._H._Cole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a> adalah beberapa tokoh yang juga berkaitan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274">[266]</a> Empirisme terus berlanjut dengan munculnya penulis dan penyair seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bertrand_Russell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Williams?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Williams">Bernard Williams</a>, yang mengembangkan gaya analitikal. Penulis terkemuka dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Era_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Era Victoria">era Victoria</a> antara lain <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Dickens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_bersaudari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brontë bersaudari">Brontë bersaudari</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jane_Austen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Eliot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Hardy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H._G._Wells?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lewis_Carroll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Underhill&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Evelyn Underhill (halaman belum tersedia)">Evelyn Underhill</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-275">[267]</a> Hingga saat ini, Inggris terus memproduksi novelis-novelis terkemuka seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C._S._Lewis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Orwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._H._Lawrence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virginia_Woolf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enid_Blyton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enid Blyton">Enid Blyton</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aldous_Huxley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agatha_Christie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terry_Pratchett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J._K._Rowling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-276">[268]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Seni_pertunjukan">Seni pertunjukan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Seni pertunjukan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21575556">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Greensleeves.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkas:Greensleeves.ogg">"Greensleeves" tradisional</a> </div> <div> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="79" data-mwtitle="Greensleeves.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Greensleeves.ogg/Greensleeves.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Greensleeves.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"> </audio> </div> <div class="description"></div> </div> <hr> <div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Pomp_and_circumstances_No._1.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkas:Pomp and circumstances No. 1.ogg">Elgar - "Pomp & Circumstance March No. 1"</a> </div> <div> <audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="114" data-mwtitle="Pomp_and_circumstances_No._1.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Pomp_and_circumstances_No._1.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Pomp_and_circumstances_No._1.ogg/Pomp_and_circumstances_No._1.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"> </audio> </div> <div class="description"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <hr>Bermasalah memainkan berkas-berkas ini? Lihat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantuan:Media">bantuan media</a>. </div> </div> Musik rakyat tradisional Inggris sudah berusia berabad-abad dan telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap beberapa genre musik seperti sea shanties, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jig&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jig (halaman belum tersedia)">jig</a>, hornpipe dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musik_dansa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musik dansa">musik dansa</a>. Genre-genre ini memiliki variasi tersendiri yang berbeda sesuai dengan kekhasan daerah. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wynkyn_de_Worde&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wynkyn de Worde (halaman belum tersedia)">Wynkyn de Worde</a> menciptakan balada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robin_Hood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> pada abad ke-16 dan merupakan salah satu artefak penting, sama halnya dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Dancing_Master&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Dancing Master (halaman belum tersedia)">The Dancing Master</a> karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Playford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Playford (halaman belum tersedia)">John Playford</a> dan koleksi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roxburghe_Ballads&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roxburghe Ballads (halaman belum tersedia)">Roxburghe Ballads</a> karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_Harley,_Earl_pertama_dari_Oxford_dan_Earl_Mortimer&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert Harley, Earl pertama dari Oxford dan Earl Mortimer (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Harley</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-277">[269]</a> Beberapa lagu rakyat yang terkenal adalah The Good Old Way, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pastime_with_Good_Company&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pastime with Good Company (halaman belum tersedia)">Pastime with Good Company</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maggie_May_(lagu_tradisional)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maggie May (lagu tradisional) (halaman belum tersedia)">Maggie May</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Ladies&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spanish Ladies (halaman belum tersedia)">Spanish Ladies</a>. Banyak juga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sajak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sajak">sajak</a> yang berasal dari Inggris, antara lain <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Twinkle_Twinkle_Little_Star&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Twinkle Twinkle Little Star (halaman belum tersedia)">Twinkle Twinkle Little Star</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roses_are_red&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roses are red (halaman belum tersedia)">Roses are red</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jack_and_Jill&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jack and Jill (halaman belum tersedia)">Jack and Jill</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Here_We_Go_Round_the_Mulberry_Bush&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush (halaman belum tersedia)">Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Humpty_Dumpty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Humpty Dumpty (halaman belum tersedia)">Humpty Dumpty</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-278">[270]</a> Komposer <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musik_klasik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musik klasik">musik klasik</a> Inggris yang paling awal antara lain termasuk seniman Renaisans <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Tallis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Tallis (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomas Tallis</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Byrd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a>, diikuti oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Purcell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barok">periode Barok</a>. Musikus kelahiran Jerman, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a> juga merupakan salah satu komposer terkemuka asal Inggris,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-279">[271]</a> yang menciptakan beberapa karya yang paling terkenal dalam musik klasik, di antaranya: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Messiah_(Handel)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Messiah (Handel) (halaman belum tersedia)">The Messiah</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Water_Music_(Handel)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Water Music (Handel) (halaman belum tersedia)">Water Music</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Music_for_the_Royal_Fireworks&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Music for the Royal Fireworks (halaman belum tersedia)">Music for the Royal Fireworks</a>. Pada abad ke-20, terjadi kebangkitan dalam dunia musik Inggris dengan munculnya komposer-komposer seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Britten&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Benjamin Britten (halaman belum tersedia)">Benjamin Britten</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Delius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Delius">Frederick Delius</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Elgar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustav_Holst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustav Holst">Gustav Holst</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>, dan lain sebagainya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280">[272]</a> Saat ini, salah satu komposer Inggris terkemuka di antaranya termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michael_Nyman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michael Nyman (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Nyman</a>, yang dikenal dengan karyanya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Piano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Piano">The Piano</a>. Dalam bidang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop">musik populer</a>, banyak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grup_musik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grup musik">grup musik</a> dan artis solo asal Inggris yang tercatat sebagai musisi paling berpengaruh dan terlaris sepanjang masa. Musisi-musisi dan grup seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Beatles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Led_Zeppelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pink_Floyd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elton_John?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen">Queen</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rod_Stewart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> adalah beberapa musisi Inggris dengan penjualan album rekaman tertinggi di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281">[273]</a> Banyak juga fenomena dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genre">genre</a> musik yang berasal ataupun berkaitan dengan Inggris, misalnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invasi_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasi Britania">British invasion</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hard_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glam_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heavy_metal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mod&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mod (halaman belum tersedia)">mod</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britpop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britpop">britpop</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drum_and_bass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Progressive_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punk_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indie_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gothic_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shoegazing&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shoegazing (halaman belum tersedia)">shoegazing</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Acid_house&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Acid house (halaman belum tersedia)">acid house</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=UK_garage&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="UK garage (halaman belum tersedia)">UK garage</a>, trip hop, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dubstep?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dubstep">dubstep</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282">[274]</a> Festival musik besar di luar ruangan pada musim panas dan musim gugur yang populer di antaranya adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_Glastonbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festival Glastonbury">Glastonbury</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Festival_V&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Festival V (halaman belum tersedia)">Festival V</a>, serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_Reading_dan_Leeds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festival Reading dan Leeds">Festival Reading dan Leeds</a>. Rumah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opera">opera</a> yang paling terkemuka di Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Opera_House?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Covent_Garden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-foreman-283">[275]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Proms&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Proms (halaman belum tersedia)">The Proms</a>, konser musik klasik orkestra yang digelar di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> merupakan event musik terkemuka yang diadakan setiap tahun.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-foreman-283">[275]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Royal_Ballet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Royal Ballet (halaman belum tersedia)">The Royal Ballet</a> adalah salah satu lembaga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balet">balet</a> klasik terkemuka di dunia, yang dibangun oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margot_Fonteyn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margot Fonteyn">Margot Fonteyn</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koreografer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreografer">koreografer</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Ashton&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Frederick Ashton (halaman belum tersedia)">Frederick Ashton</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Museum,_perpustakaan_dan_galeri">Museum, perpustakaan dan galeri</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Museum, perpustakaan dan galeri" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="A museum building entrance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG/220px-British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1836"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG/220px-British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG" data-alt="A museum building entrance." data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG/330px-British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG/440px-British_Museum_from_NE_2.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> di London </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_Heritage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> adalah sebuah badan pemerintah yang memiliki kewenangan yang luas untuk mengelola situs-situs bersejarah, artefak dan lingkungan di Inggris. Badan ini berada di bawah naungan Departemen Kebudayaan, Media dan Olahraga. Badan amal <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (halaman belum tersedia)">National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty</a> juga memegang peran serupa. 17 dari 25 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia_UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO">Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO</a> di Britania Raya berada di Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-284">[276]</a> Beberapa yang paling terkenal di antaranya adalah; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tembok_Hadrian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tembok Hadrian">Tembok Hadrian</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stonehenge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menara_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Menara London">Menara London</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pantai_Jurassic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pantai Jurassic">Pantai Jurassic</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Saltaire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Saltaire (halaman belum tersedia)">Saltaire</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ironbridge_Gorge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ironbridge Gorge (halaman belum tersedia)">Ironbridge Gorge</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Studley_Royal_Park&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Studley Royal Park (halaman belum tersedia)">Studley Royal Park</a>, dan lain sebagainya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-285">[277]</a> Inggris memiliki banyak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museum">museum</a>, tetapi yang paling terkemuka adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> di London. Museum ini memiliki koleksi lebih dari tujuh juta objek,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-286">[278]</a> dan merupakan salah satu museum terbesar dan terlengkap di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-287">[279]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perpustakaan_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perpustakaan Britania">Perpustakaan Britania</a> di London adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perpustakaan_nasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perpustakaan nasional">perpustakaan nasional</a> dan juga merupakan salah satu perpustakaan terbesar di dunia, dengan jumlah item lebih dari 150 juta yang tersedia dalam berbagai bahasa dan format, termasuk sekitar 25 juta koleksi buku.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-288">[280]</a> Galeri seni tertua adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galeri_Nasional_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galeri Nasional London">Galeri Nasional</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trafalgar_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, yang menyimpan koleksi lebih dari 2.300 lukisan yang berasal dari abad ke-13 hingga tahun 1900-an.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289">[281]</a> Galeri <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tate_Modern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tate Modern">Tate</a> merupakan galeri nasional Britania Raya untuk seni modern. Galeri ini juga merupakan penyelenggara ajang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Turner_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Turner Prize (halaman belum tersedia)">Turner Prize</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Olahraga">Olahraga</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Olahraga" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="The interior of an empty stadium as viewed from its upper tier of seating. The seats are a vivid red and the pitch is a vivid green. The pale grey sky is visible through an opening in the ceiling above the pitch." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg/220px-UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2775" data-file-height="1786"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg/220px-UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg" data-alt="The interior of an empty stadium as viewed from its upper tier of seating. The seats are a vivid red and the pitch is a vivid green. The pale grey sky is visible through an opening in the ceiling above the pitch." data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg/330px-UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg/440px-UEFA_Euro_2008_Qualifiers_-_England_v_Estonia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_nasional_sepak_bola_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris">Tim nasional Inggris</a> bermain di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stadion_Wembley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stadion Wembley">Stadion Wembley</a>. Wembley adalah salah satu stadion termahal yang pernah dibangun.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daily_Mail_-_stadium_ready-291">[283]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Inggris adalah salah satu negara dengan kekuatan olahraga yang terkemuka. Cabang olahraga yang berasal dari Inggris antara lain: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sepak_bola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sepak bola">sepak bola</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-football-292">[284]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kriket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kriket">kriket</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_rugbi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni rugbi">uni rugbi</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_rugbi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga rugbi">liga rugbi</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tenis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tenis">tenis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulu_tangkis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulu tangkis">bulu tangkis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Squash?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash">squash</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-293">[285]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasti">kasti</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-294">[286]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoki">hoki</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tinju?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tinju">tinju</a>, snooker, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biliar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biliar">biliar</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panahan">panahan</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tenis_meja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tenis meja">tenis meja</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bola_jaring?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bola jaring">bola jaring</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacuan_kuda_thoroughbred?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacuan kuda thoroughbred">Pacuan kuda thoroughbred</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Balap_greyhound&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Balap greyhound (halaman belum tersedia)">balap greyhound</a> dan fox hunting. Inggris juga berperan penting dalam perkembangan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formula_Satu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Formula Satu">Formula Satu</a>. Sepak bola adalah cabang olahraga yang paling populer di Inggris. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_nasional_sepak_bola_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris">Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris</a> yang bermarkas di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stadion_Wembley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stadion Wembley">Stadion Wembley</a> memenangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piala_Dunia_FIFA_1966?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piala Dunia FIFA 1966">Piala Dunia FIFA 1966</a> melawan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_nasional_sepak_bola_Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman">Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman Barat</a> dengan skor 4–2 saat Inggris menjadi tuan rumah.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1966_World_Cup_Final-295">[287]</a> Di tingkat klub, Inggris diakui oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FIFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> sebagai tempat kelahiran klub sepak bola, karena <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheffield_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheffield F.C.">Sheffield FC</a> dibentuk pada tahun 1857 sebagai klub sepak bola tertua di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-football-292">[284]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Football_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football Association">The Football Association</a> adalah asosiasi sepak bola tertua, sedangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FA_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Football_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football League">The Football League</a> juga merupakan kompetisi liga pertama di dunia. Saat ini, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> adalah liga sepak bola yang paling menguntungkan dan paling elit di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Deloitte2-296">[288]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-297">[289]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Champion_Clubs%27_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Champion Clubs' Cup">Piala Eropa</a> (sekarang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piala_Champions_UEFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Piala Champions UEFA">Piala Champions UEFA</a>) telah dimenangkan oleh klub sepak bola asal Inggris seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nottingham Forest F.C.">Nottingham Forest</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aston Villa F.C.">Aston Villa</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester City">Manchester City</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chelsea_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chelsea F.C.">Chelsea</a>. Sedangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arsenal_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leeds_United_A.F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds United A.F.C.">Leeds United</a> sudah pernah mencapai final. Beberapa pemain sepakbola terkenal asal Inggris seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bobby_Charlton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bobby Charlton">Bobby Charlton</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Banks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Banks">Gordon Banks</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gary_Lineker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gary Lineker">Gary Lineker</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Beckham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Beckham">David Beckham</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steven_Gerrard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Steven Gerrard">Steven Gerrard</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frank_Lampard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frank Lampard">Frank Lampard</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayne_Rooney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayne Rooney">Wayne Rooney</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcus_Rashford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcus Rashford">Marcus Rashford</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_Kane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry Kane">Harry Kane</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jude_Bellingham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jude Bellingham">Jude Bellingham</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cole_Palmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cole Palmer">Cole Palmer</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-298">[290]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Flintoff_bowling_Siddle,_2009_Ashes_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Men in cricket whites play upon a green grass cricket field amidst a stadium." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg/220px-Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg/220px-Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg" data-alt="Men in cricket whites play upon a green grass cricket field amidst a stadium." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg/330px-Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg/440px-Flintoff_bowling_Siddle%2C_2009_Ashes_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tim_kriket_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tim kriket Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Tim kriket Inggris</a> saat mengalahkan Australia dalam seri <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Ashes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Ashes">The Ashes</a> pada tahun 2009 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lord's_Cricket_Ground&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lord's Cricket Ground (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord's Cricket Ground</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kriket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kriket">Kriket</a> dikembangkan selama periode abad pertengahan awal oleh komunitas petani dan pekerja pabrik di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Weald&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Weald (halaman belum tersedia)">Weald</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-299">[291]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tim_kriket_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tim kriket Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Tim kriket Inggris</a> adalah tim gabungan antara tim Inggris dengan tim <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wales">Wales</a>. Salah satu pertandingan kriket terkemuka adalah seri <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Ashes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Ashes">The Ashes</a> antara tim Inggris dan tim <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a> yang dipertandingkan sejak tahun 1882. Ajang final The Ashes pada tahun 2009 disaksikan oleh hampir 2 juta orang.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-300">[292]</a> Inggris adalah pemegang trofi saat ini dan menempati peringkat pertama dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Test_cricket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Test cricket">test cricket</a> serta peringkat keempat secara internasional.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-301">[293]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:England_world_cup_winners.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="White men in grey suits, pale blue shirts and red ties celebrate upon the top floor of an open-top bus. On man holds a golden trophy in the air with one hand." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/England_world_cup_winners.jpg/220px-England_world_cup_winners.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="588"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/England_world_cup_winners.jpg/220px-England_world_cup_winners.jpg" data-alt="White men in grey suits, pale blue shirts and red ties celebrate upon the top floor of an open-top bus. On man holds a golden trophy in the air with one hand." data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/England_world_cup_winners.jpg/330px-England_world_cup_winners.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/England_world_cup_winners.jpg/440px-England_world_cup_winners.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_nasional_uni_rugbi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim nasional uni rugbi Inggris">Tim nasional uni rugbi Inggris</a> saat parade kemenangan mereka setelah memenangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piala_Dunia_Rugbi_2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piala Dunia Rugbi 2003">Piala Dunia Rugbi 2003</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Inggris telah menjadi tuan rumah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piala_Dunia_Kriket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piala Dunia Kriket">Piala Dunia Kriket</a> sebanyak empat kali (1975, 1979, 1983, 1999) dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ICC_World_Twenty20&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ICC World Twenty20 (halaman belum tersedia)">ICC World Twenty20</a> pada tahun 2009. Ada juga beberapa kompetisi lokal, termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kejuaraan_County&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kejuaraan County (halaman belum tersedia)">Kejuaraan County</a>. Sejauh ini, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club (halaman belum tersedia)">Yorkshire</a> merupakan klub paling sukses yang memenangkan kompetisi sebanyak 31 kali.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302">[294]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lord's_Cricket_Ground&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lord's Cricket Ground (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord's Cricket Ground</a> berlokasi di London dan terkadang juga disebut sebagai "Mecca of Cricket".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303">[295]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Penny_Brookes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Penny Brookes (halaman belum tersedia)">William Penny Brookes</a> adalah salah satu tokoh yang turut memelopori perkembangan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olimpiade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olimpiade">Olimpiade</a> modern. London telah menjadi tuan rumah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas">Olimpiade Musim Panas</a> sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu pada tahun <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1908?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1908">1908</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1948">1948</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 2012">2012</a>. Inggris juga berkompetisi dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pesta_Olahraga_Persemakmuran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pesta Olahraga Persemakmuran">Pesta Olahraga Persemakmuran</a>, yang diselenggarakan setiap empat tahun sekali. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sport_England&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sport England (halaman belum tersedia)">Sport England</a> adalah badan pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk mendistribusikan dana dan memberikan bimbingan strategis bagi kegiatan olahraga di Inggris. Ajang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Prix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Grand Prix">Grand Prix</a> diadakan di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sirkuit_Silverstone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sirkuit Silverstone">sirkuit Silverstone</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-304">[296]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_nasional_uni_rugbi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim nasional uni rugbi Inggris">Tim nasional uni rugbi Inggris</a> memenangkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piala_Dunia_Rugbi_2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piala Dunia Rugbi 2003">Piala Dunia Rugbi 2003</a>. Inggris juga merupakan tuan rumah ajang Piala Dunia Rugbi 1991 dan akan menjadi tuan rumah lagi pada tahun 2015.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-305">[297]</a> Klub rugbi tingkat atas berkompetisi di kejuaraan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guinness_Premiership&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guinness Premiership (halaman belum tersedia)">English Premiership</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leicester_Tigers&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leicester Tigers (halaman belum tersedia)">Leicester Tigers</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=London_Wasps&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="London Wasps (halaman belum tersedia)">London Wasps</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bath_Rugby&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bath Rugby (halaman belum tersedia)">Bath Rugby</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Northampton_Saints&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Northampton Saints (halaman belum tersedia)">Northampton Saints</a> adalah klub-klub Inggris yang sukses dalam kejuaraan Eropa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piala_Heineken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piala Heineken">Piala Heineken</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tim_nasional_liga_rugbi_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tim nasional liga rugbi Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Tim nasional liga rugbi Inggris</a> menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dan peringkat pertama di Eropa. Kejuaraan klub untuk liga rugbi adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Liga_Super&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Liga Super (halaman belum tersedia)">Liga Super</a>. Beberapa klub yang paling sukses di antaranya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wigan_Warriors&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wigan Warriors (halaman belum tersedia)">Wigan Warriors</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=St_Helens_RLFC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="St Helens RLFC (halaman belum tersedia)">St Helens</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leeds_Rhinos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leeds Rhinos (halaman belum tersedia)">Leeds Rhinos</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Huddersfield_Giants&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Huddersfield Giants (halaman belum tersedia)">Huddersfield Giants</a>. Inggris akan menjadi tuan rumah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Piala_Dunia_Liga_Rugbi_2013&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Piala Dunia Liga Rugbi 2013 (halaman belum tersedia)">Piala Dunia Liga Rugbi 2013</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-306">[298]</a> Dalam cabang tenis, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kejuaraan_Wimbledon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kejuaraan Wimbledon">Kejuaraan Wimbledon</a> adalah turnamen tenis tertua dan salah satu yang paling bergengsi di dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-307">[299]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-308">[300]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26593761">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Britania Raya">Portal Britania Raya </a></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografi_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografi Inggris">Geografi Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangsa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Inggris">Bangsa Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris">Bahasa Inggris</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> Bahasa Inggris terbentuk karena penggunaan de facto.</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> Didaftarkan sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>, bukan negara konstituen.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> Menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Badan Statistik Eropa</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a> adalah Zona Perkotaan terbesar berdasarkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konurbasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konurbasi">konurbasi</a> atas daerah-daerah berpenduduk tinggi. Pemeringkatan berdasarkan populasi dalam batas-batas kota menempatkan London di posisi pertama. Namun, Universitas Avignon di Prancis mengklaim bahwa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> adalah yang pertama dan London yang kedua jika menyertakan daerah perkotaan dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dataran_gigir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dataran gigir">dataran gigir</a> secara keseluruhan.</li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> As <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_Scruton&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roger Scruton (halaman belum tersedia)">Roger Scruton</a> explains, "The Reformation must not be confused with the changes introduced into the Church of England during the 'Reformation Parliament' of 1529–36, which were of a political rather than a religious nature, designed to unite the secular and religious sources of authority within a single sovereign power: the Anglican Church did not until later make substantial change in doctrine".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[61]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">^</a> Sekitar 550.000 tentara Inggris dan Wales yang tewas dalam PD I<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[79]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">^</a> Misalnya, pada tahun 1980 sekitar 50 juta orang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> mengklaim keturunan Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[174]</a> Di Kanada terdapat sekitar 6,5 juta warga Kanada yang mengaku sebagai keturunan Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[175]</a> Sementara itu, sekitar 70% dari penduduk Australia pada tahun 1999 diperkirakan berasal dari Anglo-Celtic, yaitu kategori yang mencakup semua orang yang berasal dari Britania Raya dan Irlandia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[176]</a> Di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chili">Chili</a>, yang notabene bukanlah bekas jajahan Britania, tetapi saat ini ada sekitar 420.000 orang asal Inggris yang tinggal di sana.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[177]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-245">^</a> Disaat orang-orang seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Norman_Foster_(arsitek)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Norman Foster (arsitek) (halaman belum tersedia)">Norman Foster</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Rogers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a> mewakili gerakan modernist, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pangeran_Charles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangeran Charles">Pangeran Charles</a> sejak tahun 1980-an telah menyuarakan gerakan menentang hal itu dan mempraktikkannya dengan membangun kediaman bergaya tradisional di Dorset.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ArchCon4-244">[238]</a> Arsitek-arsitek seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Erith&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Raymond Erith (halaman belum tersedia)">Raymond Erith</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Francis_Johnson_(arsitek)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Francis Johnson (arsitek) (halaman belum tersedia)">Francis Johnson</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Quinlan_Terry&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Quinlan Terry (halaman belum tersedia)">Quinlan Terry</a> meneruskan mempraktikkan gaya klasik.</li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-252">^</a> These tales may have come to prominence, at least in part, as an attempt by the Norman ruling elite to legitimise their rule of the British Isles, finding <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-Saxon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> history ill-suited to the task during an era when members of the deposed House of Wessex, especially Edgar the Ætheling and his nephews of the Scottish House of Dunkeld, were still active in the isles.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-higham1-249">[242]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251">[244]</a> Also <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michael_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michael Wood (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Wood</a> explains; "Over the centuries the figure of Arthur became a symbol of British history—a way of explaining the matter of Britain, the relationship between the Saxons and the Celts, and a way of exorcising ghosts and healing the wounds of the past."<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-woodbbc-248">[241]</a></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMarden2003">Marden 2003</a>, hlm. 460.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBrewer2006">Brewer 2006</a>, hlm. 340.</li> <li id="cite_note-ethnicityengl-4">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-2">c</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-3">d</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-4">e</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-5">f</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ethnicityengl_4-6">g</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk%3D6561">"Ethnic group: Census 2001, Key Statistics for local Authorities"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sensus_Britania_Raya_2001?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sensus Britania Raya 2001">Sensus Britania Raya 2001</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sensus+Britania+Raya+2001&rft.atitle=Ethnic+group%3A+Census+2001%2C+Key+Statistics+for+local+Authorities&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fstatbase%2Fssdataset.asp%3Fvlnk%3D6561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808032856/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a%3D3%26b%3D276743%26c%3Dlondon%26d%3D13%26e%3D13%26g%3D325264%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D322%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1305747150781%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D1812">"Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (experimental)"</a>. neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a%3D3%26b%3D276743%26c%3Dlondon%26d%3D13%26e%3D13%26g%3D325264%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D322%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1305747150781%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D1812">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-08-08. Diakses tanggal 18 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Estimates+by+Ethnic+Group+%28experimental%29&rft.pub=neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D3%26b%3D276743%26c%3Dlondon%26d%3D13%26e%3D13%26g%3D325264%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D322%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1305747150781%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D1812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-6">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2011census_6-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2011census_6-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_270487.pdf">2011 Census - Population and household estimates for England and Wales, March 2011</a>. Accessed 16 July 2012</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp">"The Countries of the UK"</a>. statistics.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220225201/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-20. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Countries+of+the+UK&rft.pub=statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fgeography%2Fuk_countries.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page823.asp">"Countries within a country"</a>. number-10.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209003312/http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page823.asp">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-02-09. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+within+a+country&rft.pub=number-10.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.number-10.gov.uk%2Foutput%2FPage823.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|unused_data=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iso.org/iso/newsletter_i-9.pdf">"Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements (Page 11)"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+in+the+list+of+subdivision+names+and+code+elements+%28Page+11%29&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fnewsletter_i-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516162153/http://www.britainusa.com/sections/index_nt1.asp?i%3D41105%26L1%3D41105%26L2%3D41105%26D%3D0">"England – Culture"</a>. britainusa.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britainusa.com/sections/index_nt1.asp?i%3D41105%26L1%3D41105%26L2%3D41105%26D%3D0">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-05-16. 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Burns, A Brief History of Great Britain, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id%3DFjf4YynnC90C%26pg%3DPT21%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">p. xxi</a></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/">Acts of Union 1707</a> parliament.uk, accessed 27 January 2011</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term%3DEngland">"England"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 21 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=England&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DEngland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRipley1869">Ripley 1869</a>, hlm. 570.</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50075354?single%3D1%26query_type%3Dword%26queryword%3DEngland%26first%3D1%26max_to_show%3D10">"England"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=England&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com%2Fcgi%2Fentry%2F50075354%3Fsingle%3D1%26query_type%3Dword%26queryword%3DEngland%26first%3D1%26max_to_show%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fordham-21"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fordham_21-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/tacitus-germanygord.html">"Germania"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germania&rft.pub=Tacitus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2Ftacitus-germanygord.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50075354?single%3D1%26query_type%3Dword%26queryword%3DAngle%26first%3D1%26max_to_show%3D10">"Angle"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angle&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com%2Fcgi%2Fentry%2F50075354%3Fsingle%3D1%26query_type%3Dword%26queryword%3DAngle%26first%3D1%26max_to_show%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrystal2004">Crystal 2004</a>, hlm. 26–27</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Forbes, John (1848). The Principles of Gaelic Grammar. Edinburgh: Oliver, Boyd and Tweeddale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Principles+of+Gaelic+Grammar&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Oliver%2C+Boyd+and+Tweeddale&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-massey-25">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-massey_25-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-massey_25-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMassey2007">Massey 2007</a>, hlm. 440.</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRoom2006">Room 2006</a>, hlm. 23.</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMajor2004">Major 2004</a>, hlm. 84.</li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFoster1988">Foster 1988</a>, hlm. 9.</li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> "When people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles — but never England." — <cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Mikes1946" class="citation">George Mikes (1946), How To Be An Alien, Penguin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+To+Be+An+Alien&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1946&rft.au=George+Mikes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0582416868?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-582-41686-8</a></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.archaeology.co.uk/the-timeline-of-britain/boxgrove.htm">"500,000 BC – Boxgrove"</a>. Current Archaeology. Current Publishing. Diakses tanggal 20 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Current+Archaeology&rft.atitle=500%2C000+BC+%E2%80%93+Boxgrove&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.co.uk%2Fthe-timeline-of-britain%2Fboxgrove.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~sgs04rh/SWRivers/Palaeolithic%2520Archaeology%2520Teaching%2520Resource%2520Box_Lifestyles_Basic.pdf">"Palaeolithic Archaeology Teaching Resource Box"</a> (PDF). Palaeolithic Rivers of South-West Britain Project(2006). Diakses tanggal 20 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palaeolithic+Archaeology+Teaching+Resource+Box&rft.pub=Palaeolithic+Rivers+of+South-West+Britain+Project%282006%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.personal.rdg.ac.uk%2F~sgs04rh%2FSWRivers%2FPalaeolithic%2520Archaeology%2520Teaching%2520Resource%2520Box_Lifestyles_Basic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305032854/http://www.geo-east.org.uk/special_projects/eco_culture.htm">"Chalk east"</a>. A Geo East Project. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.geo-east.org.uk/special_projects/eco_culture.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-03-05. Diakses tanggal 20 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chalk+east&rft.pub=A+Geo+East+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo-east.org.uk%2Fspecial_projects%2Feco_culture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFOppenheimer2006">Oppenheimer 2006</a>, hlm. 173.</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/tertiaryrivers/tectonics.html">"Tertiary Rivers: Tectonic and structural background"</a>. University of Cambridge. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tertiary+Rivers%3A+Tectonic+and+structural+background&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk%2Fresearch%2Fprojects%2Ftertiaryrivers%2Ftectonics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://tp.revistas.csic.es/index.php/tp/article/viewFile/5/5">"Function and significance of Bell Beaker pottery according to data from residue analyses"</a>. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Function+and+significance+of+Bell+Beaker+pottery+according+to+data+from+residue+analyses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftp.revistas.csic.es%2Findex.php%2Ftp%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F5%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Reid, Struan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3Dbn88JPk_Fr0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dinventions%2Bin%2Btrade%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">Inventions and Trade. P.8</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-921921-30-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-921921-30-1">978-0-921921-30-1</a>. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventions+and+Trade.+P.8&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-921921-30-1&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Struan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dbn88JPk_Fr0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dinventions%2Bin%2Btrade%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch2009-37"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koch2009_37-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Koch, John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/54/26koch.pdf">Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History in Acta Palaeohispanica X Palaeohispanica 9 (2009)</a> (PDF). Palaeohispanica. hlm. 339–351. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1578-5386">1578-5386</a>. Diakses tanggal 17 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tartessian%3A+Celtic+from+the+Southwest+at+the+Dawn+of+History+in+Acta+Palaeohispanica+X+Palaeohispanica+9+%282009%29&rft.pages=339-351&rft.pub=Palaeohispanica&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1578-5386&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fifc.dpz.es%2Frecursos%2Fpublicaciones%2F29%2F54%2F26koch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cunliffe, Karl, Guerra, McEvoy, Bradley; Oppenheimer, Rrvik, Isaac, Parsons, Koch, Freeman and Wodtko (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612212219/http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/88298/Location/DBBC">Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature</a>. Oxbow Books and Celtic Studies Publications. hlm. 384. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84217-410-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84217-410-4">978-1-84217-410-4</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/88298//Location/DBBC">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-06-12. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+from+the+West%3A+Alternative+Perspectives+from+Archaeology%2C+Genetics%2C+Language+and+Literature&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books+and+Celtic+Studies+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84217-410-4&rft.au=Cunliffe%2C+Karl%2C+Guerra%2C+McEvoy%2C+Bradley%3B+Oppenheimer%2C+Rrvik%2C+Isaac%2C+Parsons%2C+Koch%2C+Freeman+and+Wodtko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%2Fbookinfo.cfm%2FID%2F88298%2F%2FLocation%2FDBBC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cunliffe, Barry (2008). A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009. The Prehistoric Society. hlm. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Race+Apart%3A+Insularity+and+Connectivity+in+Proceedings+of+the+Prehistoric+Society+75%2C+2009&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=The+Prehistoric+Society&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Burke, Jason (2 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,406152,00.html">"Dig uncovers Boudicca's brutal streak"</a>. The Observer. London. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Dig+uncovers+Boudicca%27s+brutal+streak&rft.date=2000-12-02&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobserver.guardian.co.uk%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C6903%2C406152%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DTac.%2BAnn.%2B14.37%26redirect%3Dtrue">"Cornelius Tacitus, The Annals"</a>. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brudribh, Ed. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cornelius+Tacitus%2C+The+Annals&rft.pub=Alfred+John+Church%2C+William+Jackson+Brudribh%2C+Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DTac.%2BAnn.%2B14.37%26redirect%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bedoyere, Guy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703012351/http://heritage-key.com/publication/architecture-roman-britain">"Architecture in Roman Britain"</a>. Heritage Key. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://heritage-key.com/publication/architecture-roman-britain">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-07-03. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Key&rft.atitle=Architecture+in+Roman+Britain&rft.aulast=Bedoyere&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheritage-key.com%2Fpublication%2Farchitecture-roman-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Philip, Robert (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DbylBAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA276%26dq%3Droman%2Blaw%2Bafter%2Broman%2Binvasion%2Bof%2Bbritain%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Droman%2520law%2520after%2520roman%2520invasion%2520of%2520britain%26f%3Dfalse">Thr History of Progress in Great Britain, Volume 2</a>. Diakses tanggal 23 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thr+History+of+Progress+in+Great+Britain%2C+Volume+2&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DbylBAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA276%26dq%3Droman%2Blaw%2Bafter%2Broman%2Binvasion%2Bof%2Bbritain%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Droman%2520law%2520after%2520roman%2520invasion%2520of%2520britain%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bob Rees, Paul Shute, Nigel Kelly (9 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D1qiFEQ1tAHQC%26pg%3DPT119%26dq%3Droman%2Boccupation%2Bbrought%2Bto%2Bbritain%2Ba%2Bsewage%2Bsystem%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">Medicine through time</a>. Heinemann. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-435-30841-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-435-30841-4">978-0-435-30841-4</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+through+time&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=2003-01-09&rft.isbn=978-0-435-30841-4&rft.au=Bob+Rees%2C+Paul+Shute%2C+Nigel+Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D1qiFEQ1tAHQC%26pg%3DPT119%26dq%3Droman%2Boccupation%2Bbrought%2Bto%2Bbritain%2Ba%2Bsewage%2Bsystem%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRankov1994">Rankov 1994</a>, hlm. 16.</li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWright2008">Wright 2008</a>, hlm. 143.</li> <li id="cite_note-james_anglosaxons-47">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-james_anglosaxons_47-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-james_anglosaxons_47-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">James, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/anglo_saxons/overview_anglo_saxons_01.shtml">"Overview: Anglo-Saxons, 410 to 800"</a>. BBC. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview%3A+Anglo-Saxons%2C+410+to+800&rft.pub=BBC&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fancient%2Fanglo_saxons%2Foverview_anglo_saxons_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.picturesofengland.com/history/england-history-p4.html">"The Christian Tradition"</a>. PicturesofEngland.com. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Tradition&rft.pub=PicturesofEngland.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.picturesofengland.com%2Fhistory%2Fengland-history-p4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKirby2000">Kirby 2000</a>, hlm. 4</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLyon1960">Lyon 1960</a>, hlm. 23.</li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml">"Overview: The Normans, 1066–1154"</a>. BBC. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview%3A+The+Normans%2C+1066%E2%80%931154&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fnormans%2Foverview_normans_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrouch2006">Crouch 2006</a>, hlm. 2–4</li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/mid/7254446.stm">"Norman invasion word impact study"</a>. BBC News. 20 February 2008. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Norman+invasion+word+impact+study&rft.date=2008-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2Fmid%2F7254446.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bartlett-54">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bartlett_54-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bartlett_54-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBartlett1999">Bartlett 1999</a>, hlm. 124.</li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.royal.gov.uk/OutPut/Page61.asp">"Edward I (r. 1272–1307)"</a>. Royal.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624181028/http://www.royal.gov.uk/OutPut/Page61.asp">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-24. Diakses tanggal 21 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+I+%28r.+1272%E2%80%931307%29&rft.pub=Royal.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FOutPut%2FPage61.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFowler1967">Fowler 1967</a>, hlm. 208.</li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFZiegler2003">Ziegler 2003</a>, hlm. 230.</li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGoldberg1996">Goldberg 1996</a>, hlm. 4.</li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrofton2007">Crofton 2007</a>, hlm. 111.</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page50.asp">"Richard III (r. 1483–1485)"</a>. Royal.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080710093939/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page50.asp">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-07-10. Diakses tanggal 21 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+III+%28r.+1483%E2%80%931485%29&rft.pub=Royal.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2Foutput%2FPage50.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Denys Hay (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3Djzm2Vu9h-CYC%26pg%3DPA165%26dq%3Ditalian%2Binfluence%2Bon%2Bthe%2Benglish%2Brenaissance%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Ditalian%2520influence%2520on%2520the%2520english%2520renaissance%26f%3Dfalse">Renaissance essays</a>. hlm. 65. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-907628-96-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-907628-96-5">978-0-907628-96-5</a>. Diakses tanggal 26 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+essays&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-907628-96-5&rft.au=Denys+Hay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Djzm2Vu9h-CYC%26pg%3DPA165%26dq%3Ditalian%2Binfluence%2Bon%2Bthe%2Benglish%2Brenaissance%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Ditalian%2520influence%2520on%2520the%2520english%2520renaissance%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118040146/http://www.royal-navy.org/lib/index.php?title%3DTudor_Period_and_the_Birth_of_a_Regular_Navy_Part_Two">"Royal Navy History, Tudor Period and the Birth of a Regular Navy"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.royal-navy.org/lib/index.php?title%3DTudor_Period_and_the_Birth_of_a_Regular_Navy_Part_Two">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-01-18. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Navy+History%2C+Tudor+Period+and+the+Birth+of+a+Regular+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-navy.org%2Flib%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTudor_Period_and_the_Birth_of_a_Regular_Navy_Part_Two&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Goldwin Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DRdOTQUDgH54C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dengland%2Bunder%2Bthe%2Btudors%2Bby%2Bgoldwin%2Bsmith%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">England Under the Tudors</a>. hlm. 176. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-60620-939-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-60620-939-4">978-1-60620-939-4</a>. Diakses tanggal 26 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+Under+the+Tudors&rft.pages=176&rft.isbn=978-1-60620-939-4&rft.au=Goldwin+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DRdOTQUDgH54C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dengland%2Bunder%2Bthe%2Btudors%2Bby%2Bgoldwin%2Bsmith%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFScruton1982">Scruton 1982</a>, hlm. 470.</li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Karen Ordahl (25 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DW8cr4Vgt9ekC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Droanoke%2Bcolony%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">Roanak:the abandoned colony</a>. Rowman & Littlefield publishers Inc. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7425-5263-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7425-5263-0">978-0-7425-5263-0</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roanak%3Athe+abandoned+colony&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+publishers+Inc&rft.date=2007-02-25&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5263-0&rft.au=Karen+Ordahl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DW8cr4Vgt9ekC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Droanoke%2Bcolony%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britons-67">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Britons_67-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Britons_67-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFColley1992">Colley 1992</a>, hlm. 12.</li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/01_background.html">"Making the Act of Union"</a>. Parliament.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609075346/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/01_background.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-09. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Making+the+Act+of+Union&rft.pub=Parliament.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Factofunion%2F01_background.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hay, Denys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_089/89_055_066.pdf">"The term "Great Britain" in the Middle Ages"</a> (PDF). ads.ahds.ac.uk. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+term+%22Great+Britain%22+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=ads.ahds.ac.uk&rft.aulast=Hay&rft.aufirst=Denys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fads.ahds.ac.uk%2Fcatalogue%2Fadsdata%2FPSAS_2002%2Fpdf%2Fvol_089%2F89_055_066.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ocromwell-70"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ocromwell_70-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143822/Oliver-Cromwell">"Oliver Cromwell (English statesman)"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. britannica.com. 2009. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Oliver+Cromwell+%28English+statesman%29&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F143822%2FOliver-Cromwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Philip J. Adler, Randall L. Pouwels (27 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DmPoqfoiIp4sC%26pg%3DPA340%26lpg%3DPA340%26dq%3Dwith%2Bthe%2Brestoration%2Bit%2Bwas%2Bnot%2Bconstitutionally%2Bestablished%2Bthat%2Bking%2Band%2Bparliament%2Bshould%2Brule%2Btogether%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">World Civilization</a>. hlm. 340. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-495-50262-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-495-50262-3">978-0-495-50262-3</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Civilization&rft.pages=340&rft.date=2007-11-27&rft.isbn=978-0-495-50262-3&rft.au=Philip+J.+Adler%2C+Randall+L.+Pouwels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DmPoqfoiIp4sC%26pg%3DPA340%26lpg%3DPA340%26dq%3Dwith%2Bthe%2Brestoration%2Bit%2Bwas%2Bnot%2Bconstitutionally%2Bestablished%2Bthat%2Bking%2Band%2Bparliament%2Bshould%2Brule%2Btogether%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/great_fire_02.shtml">"London's Burning: The Great Fire"</a>. BBC News. Diakses tanggal 25 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London%27s+Burning%3A+The+Great+Fire&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fcivil_war_revolution%2Fgreat_fire_02.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unionwithscotland-73">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unionwithscotland_73-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unionwithscotland_73-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/08_02_great.html">"The first Parliament of Great Britain"</a>. Parliament.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621165514/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/08_02_great.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-21. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+Parliament+of+Great+Britain&rft.pub=Parliament.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Factofunion%2F08_02_great.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGallagher2006">Gallagher 2006</a>, hlm. 14.</li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hudson, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/workshop_of_the_world_01.shtml">"The Workshop of the World"</a>. BBC. Diakses tanggal 10 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Workshop+of+the+World&rft.pub=BBC&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Pat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fvictorians%2Fworkshop_of_the_world_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Briton20015-76">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Briton20015_76-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Briton20015_76-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFOffice_for_National_Statistics2000">Office for National Statistics 2000</a>, hlm. 5</li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcNeilNevell2000">McNeil & Nevell 2000</a>, hlm. 4.</li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMcNeilNevell2000">McNeil & Nevell 2000</a>, hlm. 9.</li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_City_Council&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Birmingham City Council (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Kota Birmingham</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.visitbirmingham.com/arts_and_culture/heritage/">"Heritage"</a>. visitbirmingham.com. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage&rft.pub=visitbirmingham.com&rft.au=Dewan+Kota+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitbirmingham.com%2Farts_and_culture%2Fheritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colley1-80"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Colley1_80-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFColley1992">Colley 1992</a>, hlm. 1.</li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Robert F. Haggard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D53VUwDw_UYMC%26pg%3DPA13%26dq%3Dprestige%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bbritish%2Bempire%2Bin%2Bvictorian%2Btimes%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dprestige%2520of%2520the%2520british%2520empire%2520in%2520victorian%2520times%26f%3Dfalse">The persistence of Victorian liberalism:The Politics of Social Reform in Britain, 1870–1900</a>. hlm. 13. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-313-31305-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-313-31305-9">978-0-313-31305-9</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituaries%3A+Air+Commodore+Sir+Frank+Whittle&rft.date=1996-08-10&rft.au=Golley%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituaries-air-commodore-sir-frank-whittle-1309015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFClark1973">Clark 1973</a>, hlm. 1.</li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWilsonGame2002">Wilson & Game 2002</a>, hlm. 55.</li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGallagher2006">Gallagher 2006</a>, hlm. 10–11.</li> <li id="cite_note-thatcher-89">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-thatcher_89-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-thatcher_89-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFReitan2003">Reitan 2003</a>, hlm. 50.</li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKeating,_Michael1998" class="citation journal">Keating, Michael (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217">"Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Prescott%27s+dream+in+tatters+as+North+East+rejects+assembly&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Farticle503255.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Engchannel-95"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Engchannel_95-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/187921/English-Channel">"English Channel"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. britannica.com. 2009. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-home/related-139-94056-articles-reviews/River%2BThames-London%2B(England)/related.do">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-06-06. 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Diakses tanggal 8 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pennines&rft.pub=Smmit+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.summitpost.org%2Farea%2Frange%2F220026%2Fpennines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027162402/http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/aboutus">"National Parks – About us"</a>. nationalparks.gov.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/aboutus">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-10-27. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Parks+%E2%80%93+About+us&rft.pub=nationalparks.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalparks.gov.uk%2Faboutus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather-103">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-weather_103-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-weather_103-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-weather_103-2">c</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-weather_103-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114052538/http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/weather/">"What is the Climate like in Britain?"</a>. 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BBC News. 30 September 2003. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Temperature+record+changes+hands&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fkent%2F3153532.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219165514/http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/location/england/%23temperature">"English Climate"</a>. MetOffice.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/location/england/%23temperature">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-12-19. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+Climate&rft.pub=MetOffice.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.com%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Flocation%2Fengland%2F%23temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-england-106"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-england_106-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605024000/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html">"England 1971–2000 averages"</a>. Met Office. August 2011. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/england.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-06-05. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=England+1971%E2%80%932000+averages&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Faverages%2F19712000%2Fareal%2Fengland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|year= / |date= mismatch</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A591383">"The British Parliamentary System"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=European+Election+2009%3A+UK+Results&rft.date=2009-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fshared%2Fbsp%2Fhi%2Felections%2Feuro%2F09%2Fhtml%2Fukregion_999999.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7702326.stm">"West Lothian question"</a>. BBC News. 31 October 2008. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://money.uk.msn.com/consumer/article.aspx?cp-documentid%3D6543296">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-04-17. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+Scottish+people+better+off%3F&rft.pub=MSN+Money&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.uk.msn.com%2Fconsumer%2Farticle.aspx%3Fcp-documentid%3D6543296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/596703.stm">"English nationalism 'threat to UK'"</a>. BBC News. 9 January 2000. 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Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Gordon+Brown+pressed+on+English+parliament&rft.date=2008-06-03&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Farticle4061785.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Grice, Andrew (1 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/english-votes-for-english-laws-plan-by-tories-857647.html">"English votes for English laws' plan by Tories"</a>. The Independent. London. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fuk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713060624/http://legacy.london.gov.uk/london-life/business-and-jobs/financial-centre.jsp">"Financial Centre"</a>. London.gov.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://legacy.london.gov.uk/london-life/business-and-jobs/financial-centre.jsp">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-07-13. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Centre&rft.pub=London.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.london.gov.uk%2Flondon-life%2Fbusiness-and-jobs%2Ffinancial-centre.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korporasi_City_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Korporasi City of London">City of London Policy and Resources Committee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007105828/http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/8D37DAE2-5937-4FC5-A004-C2FC4BED7742/0/BC_RS_GFCI5.pdf">"The Global Financial Centres Index"</a> (PDF). cityoflondon.gov.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/8D37DAE2-5937-4FC5-A004-C2FC4BED7742/0/BC_RS_GFCI5.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2009-10-07. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/parliament/index.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-07-08. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bank%27s+relationship+with+Parliament&rft.pub=BankofEngland.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofengland.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fparliament%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708141658/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/overview.htm">"Monetary Policy Committee"</a>. BankofEngland.co.uk. 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Invention & Technology Magazine. American Heritage Publishing. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2006/4/2006_4_4.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-03-13. 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The Stockton and Darlington Railway. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/johnmoore/1825/sept_27.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-10-01. Diakses tanggal 8 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=27+September+1825+%E2%80%93+Opening+of+the+Stockton+and+Darlington+Railway&rft.pub=The+Stockton+and+Darlington+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.ntlworld.com%2Fjohnmoore%2F1825%2Fsept_27.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj230211-164"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wsj230211_164-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110223-710213.html">"Delta Expects New Slots To Foster Growth At Heathrow Airport"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 23 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0OE2ky?url%3Dhttp://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110223-710213.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-19. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/2967374/England-is-most-crowded-country-in-Europe.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-05-23. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=England+is+most+crowded+country+in+Europe&rft.date=2008-09-16&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Urmee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fpolitics%2F2967374%2FEngland-is-most-crowded-country-in-Europe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-opp-170"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-opp_170-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFOppenheimer2006">Oppenheimer 2006</a>, hlm. 378.</li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eitb24.com/new/en/B24_38277/life/GENETIC-STUDY-British-and-Irish-descendant-of-the-Basques/">"British and Irish, descendant of the Basques?"</a>. Eitb24.com. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+and+Irish%2C+descendant+of+the+Basques%3F&rft.pub=Eitb24.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eitb24.com%2Fnew%2Fen%2FB24_38277%2Flife%2FGENETIC-STUDY-British-and-Irish-descendant-of-the-Basques%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Oppenheimer, Stephen (10 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715070548/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/3348004/What-does-being-British-mean-Ask-the-Spanish.html">"What does being British mean? Ask the Spanish"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/3348004/What-does-being-British-mean-Ask-the-Spanish.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-07-15. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=What+does+being+British+mean%3F+Ask+the+Spanish&rft.date=2006-10-10&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscienceandtechnology%2F3348004%2FWhat-does-being-British-mean-Ask-the-Spanish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKmaybe-173"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UKmaybe_173-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Wade, Nicholas (6 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/06/science/06brits.html?_r%3D2%26pagewanted%3Dall">"A United Kingdom? Maybe"</a>. The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+United+Kingdom%3F+Maybe&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F03%2F06%2Fscience%2F06brits.html%3F_r%3D2%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThomas2006" class="citation journal">Thomas, M.G. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635457">"Evidence for an apartheid-like social structure in early Anglo-Saxon England"</a>. Proceedings. Biological sciences / the Royal Society. PubMedCentral.nih.gov. 273 (1601): 2651–7. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1098%252Frspb.2006.3627">10.1098/rspb.2006.3627</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0962-8452">0962-8452</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635457">1635457</a>  <noscript> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> . <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17002951">17002951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings.+Biological+sciences+%2F+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+an+apartheid-like+social+structure+in+early+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=1601&rft.pages=2651-7&rft.date=2006&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1635457&rft.issn=0962-8452&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17002951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2006.3627&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=M.G.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1635457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Hall, Allan (21 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2005829/Half-Britons-German-blood-geneticists-reveal.html">"Forget two world wars and one World Cup... geneticists reveal 50 per cent of Britons are German"</a>. Daily Mail. London. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=Forget+two+world+wars+and+one+World+Cup...+geneticists+reveal+50+per+cent+of+Britons+are+German&rft.date=2011-06-21&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fsciencetech%2Farticle-2005829%2FHalf-Britons-German-blood-geneticists-reveal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba68/feat1.shtml">"Roman Britons after 410"</a>. Britarch.ac.uk. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roman+Britons+after+410&rft.pub=Britarch.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britarch.ac.uk%2Fba%2Fba68%2Ffeat1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cameron, Keith (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DD3GPUqysfoAC%26pg%3DPA3%26lpg%3DPA3%26dq%3DAnglo-Saxon%2BOrigins:%2BThe%2BReality%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMyth%26q%3DAnglo-Saxon%2520Origins%253A%2520The%2520Reality%2520of%2520the%2520Myth">Anglo-Saxon Origins: The Reality of the Myth</a>. Malcolm Todd. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-871516-85-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-871516-85-2">978-1-871516-85-2</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+Origins%3A+The+Reality+of+the+Myth&rft.pub=Malcolm+Todd&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-871516-85-2&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DD3GPUqysfoAC%26pg%3DPA3%26lpg%3DPA3%26dq%3DAnglo-Saxon%2BOrigins%3A%2BThe%2BReality%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMyth%26q%3DAnglo-Saxon%2520Origins%253A%2520The%2520Reality%2520of%2520the%2520Myth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/conquest/after_viking/legacy_vikings_01.shtml">"Legacy of the Vikings"</a>. BBC News. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legacy+of+the+Vikings&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Ftrail%2Fconquest%2Fafter_viking%2Flegacy_vikings_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4021/is_/ai_80408799">"Shifting Identities – statistical data on ethnic identities in the US"</a>. Bnet. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120720013428/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4021/is_2001_Dec_1/ai_80408799/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-20. Diakses tanggal 09-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shifting+Identities+%E2%80%93+statistical+data+on+ethnic+identities+in+the+US&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m4021%2Fis_%2Fai_80408799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723224016/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/index-eng.cfm">"Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories"</a>. Statistics Canada. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26Table%3D2%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-07-23. Diakses tanggal 09-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+origins%2C+2006+counts%2C+for+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fhighlights%2Fethnic%2Fpages%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26Table%3D2%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Centre for Population and Urban Research, Monash University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415074055/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf">"Australian Population: Ethnic Origins"</a> (PDF). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2005-04-15. Diakses tanggal 09-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Population%3A+Ethnic+Origins&rft.au=Centre+for+Population+and+Urban+Research%2C+Monash+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felecpress.monash.edu.au%2Fpnp%2Ffree%2Fpnpv7n4%2Fv7n4_3price.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822074242/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/">"Inmigración británica en Chile"</a>. Galeon.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.galeon.com/typepad/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-08-22. Diakses tanggal 09-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inmigraci%C3%B3n+brit%C3%A1nica+en+Chile&rft.pub=Galeon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galeon.com%2Ftypepad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Burke, Jason (9 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/oct/09/spain.spain">"An Englishman's home is his casa as thousands go south"</a>. The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=An+Englishman%27s+home+is+his+casa+as+thousands+go+south&rft.date=2005-10-09&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2005%2Foct%2F09%2Fspain.spain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leave-185"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leave_185-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Travis, Alan (16 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/nov/16/emigration">"Record numbers leave the country for life abroad"</a>. The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Record+numbers+leave+the+country+for+life+abroad&rft.date=2007-11-16&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fsociety%2F2007%2Fnov%2F16%2Femigration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626034052/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/eth0511.pdf">"ONS: Population Estimates by Ethnic Group 2002–2009"</a> (PDF). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/eth0511.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2011-06-26. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ONS%3A+Population+Estimates+by+Ethnic+Group+2002%E2%80%932009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fpdfdir%2Feth0511.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">^</a> <cite class="citation web">University of Wisconsin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025121640/http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/123/123%252013%2520Society.htm">"Medieval English society"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/123/123%252013%2520Society.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-10-25. 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Woodlands-Junior.kent.sch.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/costume.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-05-05. Diakses tanggal 09-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+England%27s+national+costume%3F&rft.pub=Woodlands-Junior.kent.sch.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk%2Fcustoms%2Fquestions%2Fcostume.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.theworlds50best.com/module/acms_winners?group_id%3D1">"The S.Pellegrino World's 50 Best Restaurants"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tate.org.uk/magazine/issue6/moore.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-01-05. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tate+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Bronze+Age%3A+Henry+Moore+and+his+successors&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fmagazine%2Fissue6%2Fmoore.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-266">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7398949.stm">"Freud work sets new world record"</a>. BBC News. 14 May 2008. Diakses tanggal 14 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Freud+work+sets+new+world+record&rft.date=2008-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F7398949.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-warnancmod-267">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-warnancmod_267-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-warnancmod_267-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWarner1902">Warner 1902</a>, hlm. 35.</li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-268">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRogers2001">Rogers 2001</a>, hlm. 17.</li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-269">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRogers2001">Rogers 2001</a>, hlm. 135.</li> <li id="cite_note-elizren-270">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-elizren_270-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-elizren_270-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRowse1971">Rowse 1971</a>, hlm. 48.</li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-271">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFNorbrook2000">Norbrook 2000</a>, hlm. 6.</li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-272">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHeywood2007">Heywood 2007</a>, hlm. 74.</li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-273">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWatson1985">Watson 1985</a>, hlm. 360.</li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-274">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCole1947">Cole 1947</a>, hlm. 268.</li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-275">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHawkins-Dady1996">Hawkins-Dady 1996</a>, hlm. 970.</li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-276">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFEccleshare2002">Eccleshare 2002</a>, hlm. 5.</li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-277">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFChappell1966">Chappell 1966</a>, hlm. 690.</li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-278">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLax1989">Lax 1989</a>, hlm. 7.</li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-279">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlemen_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlemen Britania Raya">Parlemen Britania Raya</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_publications_and_archives/parliamentary_archives/handel_and_naturalisation.cfm">"British Citizen by Act of Parliament: George Frideric Handel"</a>. Parliamentary Archives. parliament.uk. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Archives&rft.atitle=British+Citizen+by+Act+of+Parliament%3A+George+Frideric+Handel&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Parlemen+Britania+Raya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fparliamentary_publications_and_archives%2Fparliamentary_archives%2Fhandel_and_naturalisation.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-280">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStradling1993">Stradling 1993</a>, hlm. 166.</li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-281">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701163039/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table%3DtblTopArt">"Top Selling Artists"</a>. riaa.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table%3DtblTopArt">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-07-01. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Selling+Artists&rft.pub=riaa.com&rft.au=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgoldandplatinumdata.php%3Ftable%3DtblTopArt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-282">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFElse2007">Else 2007</a>, hlm. 65.</li> <li id="cite_note-foreman-283">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-foreman_283-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-foreman_283-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFForeman2005">Foreman 2005</a>, hlm. 371.</li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-284">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gb">"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"</a>. World Heritage. whc.unesco.org. Diakses tanggal 8 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Heritage&rft.atitle=United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland&rft.au=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fgb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-285">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ihbc.org.uk/news/docs/English%2520World%2520Heritage%2520Sites%2520to%2520get%2520strongest%2520ever%2520protections%2520CLG%2520press%2520notice%252027%2520May%25202008.pdf">"English World Heritage Sites to get strongest ever protections"</a> (PDF). Institute of Historic Building Conservation. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+World+Heritage+Sites+to+get+strongest+ever+protections&rft.pub=Institute+of+Historic+Building+Conservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihbc.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fdocs%2FEnglish%2520World%2520Heritage%2520Sites%2520to%2520get%2520strongest%2520ever%2520protections%2520CLG%2520press%2520notice%252027%2520May%25202008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-286">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/museum_in_london.aspx">"Museum in London"</a>. BritishMuseum.org. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+in+London&rft.pub=BritishMuseum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fthe_museum%2Fmuseum_in_london.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-287">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826132626/http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1871956,00.html">"250 Years of the British Museum"</a>. Time. 15 January 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1871956,00.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-08-26. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=250+Years+of+the+British+Museum&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fphotogallery%2F0%2C29307%2C1871956%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-288">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/80260/British-Library">"British Library"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F80260%2FBritish-Library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-289">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.artinfo.com/galleryguide/22865/9383/the-national-gallery-london/about/">"The National Gallery"</a>. ArtInfo.com. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Gallery&rft.pub=ArtInfo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artinfo.com%2Fgalleryguide%2F22865%2F9383%2Fthe-national-gallery-london%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-290">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Youngs, Ian (31 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2382373.stm">"The art of Turner protests"</a>. BBC News. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+art+of+Turner+protests&rft.date=2002-10-31&rft.aulast=Youngs&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F2382373.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daily_Mail_-_stadium_ready-291"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daily_Mail_-_stadium_ready_291-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id%3D441182">"Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight"</a>. Daily Mail. London. 3 March 2007. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=Wembley+kick-off%3A+Stadium+is+ready+and+England+play+first+game+in+fortnight&rft.date=2007-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fpages%2Flive%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fnews.html%3Fin_article_id%3D441182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-football-292">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-football_292-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-football_292-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709031414/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid%3D621801.html">"Sheffield FC: 150 years of history"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FIFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid%3D621801.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-07-09. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheffield+FC%3A+150+years+of+history&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldfootball%2Fclubfootball%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D621801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-293">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831081620/http://www.worldsquash2008.com/the-championships/history-of-squash.aspx">"History of squash"</a>. WorldSquash2008.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldsquash2008.com/the-championships/history-of-squash.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-08-31. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+squash&rft.pub=WorldSquash2008.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldsquash2008.com%2Fthe-championships%2Fhistory-of-squash.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-294">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112065508/http://www.nra-rounders.co.uk/dyncat.cfm?catid%3D17177">"History of the Game"</a>. NRA-Rounders.co.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nra-rounders.co.uk/dyncat.cfm?catid%3D17177">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-11-12. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Game&rft.pub=NRA-Rounders.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nra-rounders.co.uk%2Fdyncat.cfm%3Fcatid%3D17177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1966_World_Cup_Final-295"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1966_World_Cup_Final_295-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_Final">"1966 World Cup Final"</a>. 3 January 2012. Diakses tanggal date=3 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1966+World+Cup+Final&rft.date=2012-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1966_FIFA_World_Cup_Final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanpa pipa (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tanpa_pipa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanpa pipa">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Deloitte2-296"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Deloitte2_296-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/161923/premier-league-towers-over-world-football-says-deloitte">"Premier League towers over world football, says Deloitte"</a>. sportbusiness.com. Diakses tanggal 8 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Premier+League+towers+over+world+football%2C+says+Deloitte&rft.pub=sportbusiness.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportbusiness.com%2Fnews%2F161923%2Fpremier-league-towers-over-world-football-says-deloitte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-297">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.xs4all.nl/~kassiesa/bert/uefa/data/method3/trank2006.html">"UEFA ranking of European leagues"</a>. UEFA. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UEFA+ranking+of+European+leagues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xs4all.nl%2F~kassiesa%2Fbert%2Fuefa%2Fdata%2Fmethod3%2Ftrank2006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-298">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec1stats.html">"UEFA Champions League Finals 1956–2008"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RSSSF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="RSSSF">RSSSF</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UEFA+Champions+League+Finals+1956%E2%80%932008&rft.pub=RSSSF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsssf.com%2Fec%2Fec1stats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-299">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFUnderdown2000">Underdown 2000</a>, hlm. 6.</li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-300">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cricinfo staff (26 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cricinfo.com/engvaus2009/content/current/story/422272.html">Ashes climax watched by a fraction of 2005 audience</a>. Cricinfo. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ashes+climax+watched+by+a+fraction+of+2005+audience&rft.pub=Cricinfo&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.au=Cricinfo+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cricinfo.com%2Fengvaus2009%2Fcontent%2Fcurrent%2Fstory%2F422272.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-301">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cricinfo.com/rankings/content/current/page/211271.html">ICC Test and ODI Championships / Official Team Rankings</a>. Cricinfo. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ICC+Test+and+ODI+Championships+%2F+Official+Team+Rankings&rft.pub=Cricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cricinfo.com%2Frankings%2Fcontent%2Fcurrent%2Fpage%2F211271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-302">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cricinfo.com/yorkshire/content/current/story/261973.html">A brief history of Yorkshire</a>. Cricinfo. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+Yorkshire&rft.pub=Cricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cricinfo.com%2Fyorkshire%2Fcontent%2Fcurrent%2Fstory%2F261973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-303">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Fay, Stephen (21 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket-flaw-lords-out-of-order-1166513.html">"Cricket: Flaw Lord's out of order"</a>. The Independent. London. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Cricket%3A+Flaw+Lord%27s+out+of+order&rft.date=1998-06-21&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fcricket-flaw-lords-out-of-order-1166513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-304">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.silverstone.co.uk/about/history/">"The History of British Motorsport and Motor Racing at Silverstone"</a>. Silverstone. Silverstone.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 31 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Silverstone&rft.atitle=The+History+of+British+Motorsport+and+Motor+Racing+at+Silverstone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silverstone.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-305">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/8170488.stm">"England will host 2015 Rugby World Cup"</a>. BBC News. 28 July 2009. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=England+will+host+2015+Rugby+World+Cup&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2F8170488.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-306">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808191451/http://www.therfl.co.uk/home/news_item_top.php?id%3D14835">"UK to host 2013 World Cup"</a>. Rugby Football League. 28 July 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.therfl.co.uk/home/news_item_top.php?id%3D14835">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-08-08. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+to+host+2013+World+Cup&rft.pub=Rugby+Football+League&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therfl.co.uk%2Fhome%2Fnews_item_top.php%3Fid%3D14835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-307">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Clarey, Christopher (5 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/05/sports/tennis/05wimbledon.html?_r%3D1%26ref%3Dtennis">"Traditional Final: It's Nadal and Federer"</a>. The New York Times. nytimes.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Traditional+Final%3A+It%E2%80%99s+Nadal+and+Federer&rft.date=2008-07-05&rft.aulast=Clarey&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F05%2Fsports%2Ftennis%2F05wimbledon.html%3F_r%3D1%26ref%3Dtennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-308">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKaufmanMacpherson2005">Kaufman & Macpherson 2005</a>, hlm. 958.</li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h3> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed;"> <tbody> <tr valign="top"> <td> <div style="margin-right:20px;"> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd2000" class="citation book">Ackroyd, Peter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/londonbiography00ackr">London: the biography</a>. Chatto & Windus. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85619-716-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85619-716-6">1-85619-716-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London%3A+the+biography&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85619-716-6&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flondonbiography00ackr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArlotto1971" class="citation book">Arlotto, Anthony (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000arlo">Introduction to historical linguistics</a>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-395-12615-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-395-12615-0">0-395-12615-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+historical+linguistics&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-395-12615-0&rft.aulast=Arlotto&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohi0000arlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2008" class="citation book">Atkinson, T.D. (2008). English Architecture. Read Books. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4097-2581-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4097-2581-7">978-1-4097-2581-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Architecture&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4097-2581-7&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=T.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAxford2002" class="citation book">Axford, Barrie (2002). Politics: an introduction. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-25181-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-25181-8">0-415-25181-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics%3A+an+introduction&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-25181-8&rft.aulast=Axford&rft.aufirst=Barrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBall1993" class="citation book">Ball, Martin (1993). The Celtic Languages. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-01035-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-01035-7">0-415-01035-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Celtic+Languages&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-415-01035-7&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBartlett1999" class="citation book">Bartlett, Robert (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/englandundernorm00bart_0">England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-925101-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-925101-0">0-19-925101-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+Under+the+Norman+and+Angevin+Kings%2C+1075%E2%80%931225&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-925101-0&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglandundernorm00bart_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBennett2004" class="citation book">Bennett, James (2004). The Anglosphere Challenge. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7425-3333-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7425-3333-6">0-7425-3333-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglosphere+Challenge&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7425-3333-6&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrewer2006" class="citation book">Brewer, Ebenezer (2006). Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Wordsworth Editions. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-84022-310-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-84022-310-3">1-84022-310-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wordsworth+Dictionary+of+Phrase+and+Fable&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Editions&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-84022-310-3&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=Ebenezer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2004" class="citation book">Briggs, Katharine (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbritv1pbbrig">A Dictionary of British Folk-tales in the English Language</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-203-39737-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-203-39737-1">0-203-39737-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+British+Folk-tales+in+the+English+Language&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-203-39737-1&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofbritv1pbbrig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChappell1966" class="citation book">Chappell, William (1966). The Roxburghe Ballads. New York: AMS Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/488599560">488599560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roxburghe+Ballads&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=AMS+Press&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F488599560&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFClark1973" class="citation book">Clark, David M. (1973). Greater Manchester Votes: A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities. Stockport: Redrose. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-9502932-0-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-9502932-0-2">978-0-9502932-0-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Manchester+Votes%3A+A+Guide+to+the+New+Metropolitan+Authorities&rft.place=Stockport&rft.pub=Redrose&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-9502932-0-2&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFClemoes2007" class="citation book">Clemoes, Peter (2007). Anglo-Saxon England, Volume 12. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-03834-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-03834-0">0-521-03834-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+England%2C+Volume+12&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-521-03834-0&rft.aulast=Clemoes&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCole1947" class="citation book">Cole, George (1947). The Life of William Cobbett. Home & Van Thal. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8492-2139-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8492-2139-0">0-8492-2139-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+William+Cobbett&rft.pub=Home+%26+Van+Thal&rft.date=1947&rft.isbn=0-8492-2139-0&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFColgrave1985" class="citation book">Colgrave, Bertram (1985). Two lives of Saint Cuthbert. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-31385-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-31385-6">0-521-31385-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+lives+of+Saint+Cuthbert&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-521-31385-6&rft.aulast=Colgrave&rft.aufirst=Bertram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFColley1992" class="citation book">Colley, Linda (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/britonsforgingna0000coll">Britons: Forging the Nation, 1701–1837</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-300-05737-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-300-05737-9">978-0-300-05737-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britons%3A+Forging+the+Nation%2C+1701%E2%80%931837&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05737-9&rft.aulast=Colley&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritonsforgingna0000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCox1970" class="citation book">Cox, Peter (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/demography0000coxp_p9d0">Demography</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-09612-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-09612-6">978-0-521-09612-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demography&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09612-6&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdemography0000coxp_p9d0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrouch2006" class="citation book">Crouch, David (2006). Normans: The History of a Dynasty. Hambledon Continuum. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85285-595-6Z?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85285-595-6Z">978-1-85285-595-6Z</a> Periksa nilai: invalid character <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_isbn" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normans%3A+The+History+of+a+Dynasty&rft.pub=Hambledon+Continuum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85285-595-6&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrofton2007" class="citation book">Crofton, Ian (2007). The Kings and Queens of England. Quercus. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-84724-065-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-84724-065-8">1-84724-065-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kings+and+Queens+of+England&rft.pub=Quercus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-84724-065-8&rft.aulast=Crofton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrystal2004" class="citation book">Crystal, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/storiesofenglish00crys">The Stories of English</a>. The Overlook Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-58567-601-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-58567-601-2">1-58567-601-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stories+of+English&rft.pub=The+Overlook+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-58567-601-2&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoriesofenglish00crys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDownes2007" class="citation book">Downes, Kerry (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/christopherwren0000down">Christopher Wren</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-921524-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-921524-3">0-19-921524-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christopher+Wren&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-19-921524-3&rft.aulast=Downes&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristopherwren0000down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEccleshare2002" class="citation book">Eccleshare, Julia (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/beatrixpottertoh0000eccl">Beatrix Potter to Harry Potter</a>. National Portrait Gallery. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85514-342-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85514-342-9">1-85514-342-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beatrix+Potter+to+Harry+Potter&rft.pub=National+Portrait+Gallery&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85514-342-9&rft.aulast=Eccleshare&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatrixpottertoh0000eccl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFElse2007" class="citation book">Else, David (2007). Inghilterra. EDT srl. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-88-6040-136-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-88-6040-136-6">978-88-6040-136-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inghilterra&rft.pub=EDT+srl&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-88-6040-136-6&rft.aulast=Else&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2009" class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. BiblioBazaar. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-559-09589-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-559-09589-9">0-559-09589-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=0-559-09589-9&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2002" class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (2002). The New Encyclopædia Britannica. University of Michigan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-85229-787-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-85229-787-4">0-85229-787-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-85229-787-4&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFafinski2007" class="citation book">Fafinski, Stefan (2007). English legal system. Pearson Education. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-4058-2358-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-4058-2358-5">1-4058-2358-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+legal+system&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-4058-2358-5&rft.aulast=Fafinski&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFForeman2005" class="citation book">Foreman, Susan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/londonmusicalgaz0000fore">London: a musical gazetteer</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-300-10402-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-300-10402-2">0-300-10402-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London%3A+a+musical+gazetteer&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-300-10402-2&rft.aulast=Foreman&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flondonmusicalgaz0000fore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFoster1988" class="citation book">Foster, Damon (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/blakedictionaryi0000damo">A Blake dictionary</a>. UPNE. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-87451-436-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-87451-436-3">0-87451-436-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Blake+dictionary&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-87451-436-3&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Damon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblakedictionaryi0000damo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFowler1967" class="citation book">Fowler, Kenneth (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ageofplantagenet0000fowl">The Age of Plantagenet and Valois: The Struggle for Supremacy, 1328–1498</a>. Putnam. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-236-30832-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-236-30832-7">0-236-30832-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Plantagenet+and+Valois%3A+The+Struggle+for+Supremacy%2C+1328%E2%80%931498&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-236-30832-7&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageofplantagenet0000fowl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2006" class="citation book">Gallagher, Michael (2006). The United Kingdom Today. London: Franklin Watts. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7496-6488-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7496-6488-6">978-0-7496-6488-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Kingdom+Today&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Franklin+Watts&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7496-6488-6&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> </div></td> <td> <div style="margin-right: 20px;"> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFGearon2002" class="citation book">Gearon, Liam (2002). Education in the United Kingdom. David Fulton. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85346-715-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85346-715-4">1-85346-715-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=David+Fulton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85346-715-4&rft.aulast=Gearon&rft.aufirst=Liam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg1996" class="citation book">Goldberg, Jeremy (1996). "Introduction". Dalam Mark Ormrod & P.G. Lindley. The Black Death in England. Stamford: Paul Watkins. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-871615-56-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-871615-56-9">1-871615-56-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Black+Death+in+England&rft.place=Stamford&rft.pub=Paul+Watkins&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-871615-56-9&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreen2003" class="citation book">Green, Tamara (2003). The Greek & Latin roots of English. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7425-1466-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7425-1466-8">0-7425-1466-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+%26+Latin+roots+of+English&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7425-1466-8&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHawkins-Dady1996" class="citation book">Hawkins-Dady, Mark (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/readersguidetoli0000unse_s3s2">Reader's guide to literature in English</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-884964-20-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-884964-20-6">1-884964-20-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reader%27s+guide+to+literature+in+English&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-884964-20-6&rft.aulast=Hawkins-Dady&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadersguidetoli0000unse_s3s2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHeywood2007" class="citation book">Heywood, Andrew (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/politicalideolog0000heyw_x5o7">Political Ideologies: An Introduction</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-230-52179-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-230-52179-7">0-230-52179-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Ideologies%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-230-52179-7&rft.aulast=Heywood&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticalideolog0000heyw_x5o7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHigham2002" class="citation book">Higham, NJ (2002). King Arthur: myth-making and history. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-21305-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-21305-3">0-415-21305-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Arthur%3A+myth-making+and+history&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-21305-3&rft.aulast=Higham&rft.aufirst=NJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKaufmanMacpherson2005" class="citation book">Kaufman, Will; Macpherson, Heidi (2005). Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85109-431-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85109-431-8">1-85109-431-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Americas%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85109-431-8&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Macpherson%2C+Heidi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKirby2000" class="citation book">Kirby, D.P. (2000). The earliest English kings. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-24210-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-24210-X">0-415-24210-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+earliest+English+kings&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-24210-X&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=D.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKeary1882" class="citation book">Keary, Charles Francis (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/outlinesprimiti03keargoog">Outlines of primitive belief among the Indo-European races</a>. C Scribner's Sons. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7905-4982-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7905-4982-4">0-7905-4982-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+primitive+belief+among+the+Indo-European+races&rft.pub=C+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1882&rft.isbn=0-7905-4982-4&rft.aulast=Keary&rft.aufirst=Charles+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutlinesprimiti03keargoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book">Koch, John (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85109-440-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85109-440-7">1-85109-440-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-85109-440-7&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLacy1986" class="citation book">Lacy, Norris (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/arthurianencyclo0000unse">The Arthurian Encyclopedia</a>. Garland Pub. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8240-8745-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8240-8745-3">0-8240-8745-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Garland+Pub&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8240-8745-3&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Norris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farthurianencyclo0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLax1989" class="citation book">Lax, Roger (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/greatsongthesaur0000laxr">The Great Song Thesaurus</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-505408-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-505408-3">0-19-505408-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Song+Thesaurus&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-19-505408-3&rft.aulast=Lax&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatsongthesaur0000laxr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLevine1960" class="citation book">Levine, Israel E. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/conquerorofsmall00levi">Conqueror of smallpox: Dr. Edward Jenner</a>. Messner. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-671-63888-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-671-63888-7">978-0-671-63888-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conqueror+of+smallpox%3A+Dr.+Edward+Jenner&rft.pub=Messner&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-671-63888-7&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Israel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconquerorofsmall00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLowe1971" class="citation book">Lowe, Roy (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/englishschoolits0000seab">The English school</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7100-6882-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7100-6882-4">0-7100-6882-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+school&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-7100-6882-4&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishschoolits0000seab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLyon1960" class="citation book">Lyon, Bryce Dale (1960). A constitutional and legal history of medieval England. University of Michigan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-393-95132-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-393-95132-4">0-393-95132-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+constitutional+and+legal+history+of+medieval+England&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=0-393-95132-4&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=Bryce+Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMajor2004" class="citation book">Major, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyinquotati0000cohe_e1h0">History in Quotations</a>. Cassell. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-304-35387-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-304-35387-6">0-304-35387-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+in+Quotations&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-304-35387-6&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryinquotati0000cohe_e1h0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarden2003" class="citation book">Marden, Orison (2003). Home Lover's Library. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7661-5324-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7661-5324-X">0-7661-5324-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Home+Lover%27s+Library&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7661-5324-X&rft.aulast=Marden&rft.aufirst=Orison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMassey2007" class="citation book">Massey, Gerald (2007). A Book of the Beginnings, Vol.1. Cosimo. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-60206-829-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-60206-829-1">1-60206-829-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+the+Beginnings%2C+Vol.1&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-60206-829-1&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcNeilNevell2000" class="citation book">McNeil, Robina; Nevell, Michael (2000). A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester. Association for Industrial Archaeology. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-9528930-3-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-9528930-3-7">0-9528930-3-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Industrial+Archaeology+of+Greater+Manchester&rft.pub=Association+for+Industrial+Archaeology&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9528930-3-7&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=Robina&rft.au=Nevell%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKennyEnglishHayton2008" class="citation book">Kenny, Michael; English, Richard; Hayton, Richard (2008). Beyond the Constitution? Englishness in a post-devolved Britain. Institute for Public Policy Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Constitution%3F+Englishness+in+a+post-devolved+Britain&rft.pub=Institute+for+Public+Policy+Research&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=English%2C+Richard&rft.au=Hayton%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNorbrook2000" class="citation book">Norbrook, David (2000). Writing the English Republic: Poetry, Rhetoric and Politics, 1627–1660. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-78569-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-78569-3">0-521-78569-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+the+English+Republic%3A+Poetry%2C+Rhetoric+and+Politics%2C+1627%E2%80%931660&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-78569-3&rft.aulast=Norbrook&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFO'Hanlon2008" class="citation book">O'Hanlon, Ardal (2008). Global Airlines. Elsevier. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7506-6439-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7506-6439-8">0-7506-6439-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Airlines&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0-7506-6439-8&rft.aulast=O%27Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Ardal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOakes2002" class="citation book">Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/tozofstsscientis0000oake">A to Z of STS scientists</a>. Facts on File Inc. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8160-4606-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8160-4606-5">978-0-8160-4606-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+Z+of+STS+scientists&rft.pub=Facts+on+File+Inc&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-4606-5&rft.aulast=Oakes&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftozofstsscientis0000oake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOffice_for_National_Statistics2000" class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/britain2001offic0000unse">Britain 2001: The Official Handbook of the United Kingdom</a>. London: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stationery_Office_Books&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stationery Office Books (halaman belum tersedia)">Stationery Office Books</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-11-621278-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-11-621278-8">978-0-11-621278-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+2001%3A+The+Official+Handbook+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Stationery+Office+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-11-621278-8&rft.au=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritain2001offic0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOppenheimer2006" class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Pepys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Pepys">Oppenheimer, Stephen</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780786718900">Origins of the British</a>. Carroll & Graf. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7867-1890-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7867-1890-0">0-7867-1890-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+British&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7867-1890-0&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780786718900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPevsner1942" class="citation book">Pevsner, Nikolaus (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/outlineofeuropea0000pevs_n0b4">An outline of European architecture</a>. University of Michigan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-14-061613-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-14-061613-6">0-14-061613-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+outline+of+European+architecture&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1942&rft.isbn=0-14-061613-6&rft.aulast=Pevsner&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutlineofeuropea0000pevs_n0b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> </div></td> <td> <div style="margin-right: 20px;"> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFPollard2004" class="citation book">Pollard, A.J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/imaginingrobinho00poll">Imagining Robin Hood</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-22308-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-22308-3">0-415-22308-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+Robin+Hood&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-22308-3&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimaginingrobinho00poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRankov1994" class="citation book">Rankov, Boris (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/praetorianguard0000rank">The Praetorian Guard</a>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85532-361-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85532-361-3">1-85532-361-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Praetorian+Guard&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85532-361-3&rft.aulast=Rankov&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpraetorianguard0000rank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRedcliffe-MaudWood1974" class="citation book">Redcliffe-Maud, John; Wood, Bruce (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/englishlocalgove0000redc">English Local Government Reformed</a>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-885091-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-885091-3">0-19-885091-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Local+Government+Reformed&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-19-885091-3&rft.aulast=Redcliffe-Maud&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Wood%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishlocalgove0000redc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReitan2003" class="citation book">Reitan, Earl Aaron (2003). The Thatcher Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7425-2203-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7425-2203-2">0-7425-2203-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thatcher+Revolution&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7425-2203-2&rft.aulast=Reitan&rft.aufirst=Earl+Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRipley1869" class="citation book">Ripley, George (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/newamericancycl25danagoog">The New American Cyclopædia</a>. D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Ripley&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewamericancycl25danagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRogers2001" class="citation book">Rogers, Pat (2001). The Oxford illustrated history of English literature. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-285437-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-285437-2">0-19-285437-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+illustrated+history+of+English+literature&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-285437-2&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoom2006" class="citation book">Room, Adrian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom">Placenames of the World</a>. McFarland. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7864-2248-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7864-2248-3">0-7864-2248-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7864-2248-3&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplacenamesofworl02edroom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRowse1971" class="citation book">Rowse, Alfred (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/elizabethanrenai0000rows">Elizabethan Renaissance</a>. Scribner. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-684-12682-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-684-12682-6">0-684-12682-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabethan+Renaissance&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-684-12682-6&rft.aulast=Rowse&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felizabethanrenai0000rows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSaunders1982" class="citation book">Saunders, Paul (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/edwardjennerchel0000saun">Edward Jenner, the Cheltenham years, 1795–1823</a>. University Press of New England. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87451-215-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87451-215-1">978-0-87451-215-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Jenner%2C+the+Cheltenham+years%2C+1795%E2%80%931823&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-87451-215-1&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedwardjennerchel0000saun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFScruton1982" class="citation book">Scruton, Roger (1982). A dictionary of political thought. Macmillan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-333-33439-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-333-33439-6">0-333-33439-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+political+thought&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-333-33439-6&rft.aulast=Scruton&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book">Singh, Udai (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.320.8.sin.35819">Decentralized democratic governance in new millennium</a>. Concept Publishing Company. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/81-8069-540-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/81-8069-540-9">81-8069-540-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decentralized+democratic+governance+in+new+millennium&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=81-8069-540-9&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Udai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnlsiu.320.8.sin.35819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStradling1993" class="citation book">Stradling, R.A. (1993). The English musical Renaissance, 1860–1940. Taylor & Francis. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-03493-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-03493-0">0-415-03493-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+musical+Renaissance%2C+1860%E2%80%931940&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-415-03493-0&rft.aulast=Stradling&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUK_Parliament2007" class="citation book">UK Parliament (2007). Department for Transport annual report 2007. Stationery Office. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-10-170952-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-10-170952-1">978-0-10-170952-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Department+for+Transport+annual+report+2007&rft.pub=Stationery+Office&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-10-170952-1&rft.au=UK+Parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUnderdown2000" class="citation book">Underdown, David (2000). Start of Play: Cricket and Culture in 18th century England. Allen Lane. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7139-9330-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7139-9330-8">0-7139-9330-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Start+of+Play%3A+Cricket+and+Culture+in+18th+century+England&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7139-9330-8&rft.aulast=Underdown&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWard2004" class="citation book">Ward, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/britishnesssince0000ward">Britishness Since 1870</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-203-49472-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-203-49472-1">978-0-203-49472-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britishness+Since+1870&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-203-49472-1&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishnesssince0000ward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWarner1902" class="citation book">Warner, Charles (1902). Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern. International society. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-60520-202-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-60520-202-9">1-60520-202-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Library+of+the+world%27s+best+literature%2C+ancient+and+modern&rft.pub=International+society&rft.date=1902&rft.isbn=1-60520-202-9&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatson1985" class="citation book">Watson, John (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/englishpoetryofr0000wats">English poetry of the Romantic period, 1789–1830</a>. Longman. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-582-49259-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-582-49259-9">0-582-49259-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+poetry+of+the+Romantic+period%2C+1789%E2%80%931830&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-582-49259-9&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishpoetryofr0000wats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWebster1937" class="citation book">Webster, Frederick A.M. (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180095">Our great public schools: their traditions, customs and games</a>. London: Ward, Lock. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/638146843">638146843</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+great+public+schools%3A+their+traditions%2C+customs+and+games&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Ward%2C+Lock&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F638146843&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Frederick+A.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.180095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWest2003" class="citation book">West, Anne (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/underachievement0000west">Underachievement in schools</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-24132-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-24132-8">978-0-415-24132-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underachievement+in+schools&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24132-8&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderachievement0000west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWhite2009" class="citation book">White, Fred (2009). Physical Signs in Medicine and Surgery: An Atlas of Rare, Lost and Forgotten Physical Signs. Xlibris Corp. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4415-0829-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4415-0829-4">978-1-4415-0829-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+Signs+in+Medicine+and+Surgery%3A+An+Atlas+of+Rare%2C+Lost+and+Forgotten+Physical+Signs&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corp&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4415-0829-4&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWhite2002" class="citation book">White, Peter (2002). Public transport. Taylor & Francis. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-25772-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-25772-7">0-415-25772-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+transport&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-25772-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWilsonGame2002" class="citation book">Wilson, David; Game, Chris (2002). Local Government in the United Kingdom (edisi ke-3rd). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-333-94859-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-333-94859-0">978-0-333-94859-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Government+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-333-94859-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Game%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWithington2008" class="citation book">Withington, Robert (2008). English Pageantry; An Historical Outline. Read Books. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4086-8062-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4086-8062-9">978-1-4086-8062-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pageantry%3B+An+Historical+Outline&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4086-8062-9&rft.aulast=Withington&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Book2007" class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensiklopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ensiklopedia">World Book</a> (2007). The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 6. University of Michigan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7166-0102-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7166-0102-8">0-7166-0102-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Book+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+6&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-7166-0102-8&rft.au=World+Book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWright2008" class="citation book">Wright, Kevin J (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/christiantravelp0000wrig">The Christian Travel Planner</a>. Thomas Nelson Inc. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-4016-0374-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-4016-0374-2">1-4016-0374-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Travel+Planner&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+Inc&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=1-4016-0374-2&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Kevin+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristiantravelp0000wrig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoung2008" class="citation book">Young, Robert JC (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ideaofenglisheth0000youn">The Idea of English Ethnicity</a>. Blackwell. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-0129-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-0129-5">978-1-4051-0129-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Idea+of+English+Ethnicity&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-0129-5&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Robert+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fideaofenglisheth0000youn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZiegler2003" class="citation book">Ziegler, Philip (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/blackdeath00unse">The Black Death</a> (edisi ke-New). Sutton: Sutton Publishing Ltd. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7509-3202-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7509-3202-8">978-0-7509-3202-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Death&rft.place=Sutton&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-3202-8&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackdeath00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AInggris" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> sunting </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;">Cari tahu mengenai England pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" title="Cari di Wiktionary"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 25px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/England">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary </td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" title="Cari di Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 25px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/England">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons </td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" title="Cari di Wikinews"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/England">Berita</a> dari Wikinews </td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" title="Cari di Wikiquote"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 25px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/England">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote </td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" title="Cari di Wikisource"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 25px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="24" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/England">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource </td> </tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" title="Cari di Wikibuku"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/England" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/England">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.direct.gov.uk/">Situs resmi Pemerintahan Britania Raya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123222233/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Gtgl1/GuideToGovernment/index.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-01-23 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/">English Heritage</a>  – badan nasional yang melindungi situs bersejarah di Inggris</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/">Natural England</a>  – kehidupan alam di Inggris</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.visitengland.com/en/EN/">Enjoy England</a>  – situs resmi pariwisata Inggris</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/england/">BBC England</a>  – informasi Inggris di BBC</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/12px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/12px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="12" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DInggris%26oldid%3D26180714">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inggris&oldid=26180714</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Terakhir diubah pada 17 Agustus 2024, pukul 16.30 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Bahasa</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D1%2582%25D3%2599%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Англызтәыла – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англызтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggr%25C3%25A9h" title="Inggréh – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Англие – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Англие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A2%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258C%258D%25E1%2588%258B%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258B%25B5" title="ኢንግላንድ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢንግላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englaland" title="Englaland – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Englaland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilan" title="Ingilan – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ingilan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैंड – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="إنجلترا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجلترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25DD%25A3%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2" title="النݣليز – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="النݣليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="انجلترا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجلترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1" title="ইংলেণ্ড – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংলেণ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engla" title="Engla – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Engla" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैण्ड – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इंग्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa" title="Inlispampa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlispampa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngilt%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599" title="İngiltərə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngiltərə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="اینگیلیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Onglėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggeris" title="Inggeris – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Англія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2588%25D1%2587%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Ангельшчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельшчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="အိန်းကလန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1" title="ইংল্যান্ড – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-Saoz" title="Bro-Saoz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-Saoz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggeris" title="Inggeris – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25ACng-g%25C3%25A1ik-l%25C3%25A0ng" title="Ĭng-gáik-làng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-gáik-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581" title="Ингалс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="ئینگلتەرا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینگلتەرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglie" title="Anglie – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anglie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloegr" title="Lloegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ng%25C4%25B1ltere" title="İngıltere – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngıltere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इङ्ल्याण्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इङ्ल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2587%25DE%25A8%25DE%2582%25DE%258E%25DE%25A8%25DE%2583%25DE%25AD%25DE%2590%25DE%25A8%25DE%2588%25DE%25A8%25DE%258D%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25B0" title="އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Αγγλία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Inghiltèra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglio" title="Anglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglismaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگلستان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englanti" title="Englanti – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%25C3%25BCsmaa" title="Inglüsmaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüsmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peretania" title="Peretania – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peretania" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongland" title="Ongland – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ongland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angleterre" title="Angleterre – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angleterre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angllet%25C3%25A8rra" title="Anglletèrra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Anglletèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelun" title="Ingelun – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingletiere" title="Ingletiere – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ingletiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingel%25C3%25A2n" title="Ingelân – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasana" title="Sasana – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langl%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A8" title="Langlétè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Langlétè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasainn" title="Sasainn – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sasainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3" title="اينگيليس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingyat%25C3%25A9rra" title="Ingyatérra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingyatérra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लंड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enggeleti" title="Enggeleti – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Enggeleti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sostyn" title="Sostyn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sostyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingila" title="Ingila – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ingila" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BBEnelani" title="ʻEnelani – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻEnelani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="אנגליה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लैण्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंग्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%25C5%25BAelska" title="Jendźelska – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglet%25C3%25A8" title="Angletè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Angletè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Անգլիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Անգլիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5" title="Ингалсехье – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B0%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589" title="イングランド – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イングランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglan" title="Ingglan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598" title="ინგლისი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Angliya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legliz" title="Legliz – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Legliz" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%25C5%258Bg%25C9%25A9l%25C9%25A9t%25C9%259B%25C9%259Br%25C9%25A9" title="Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nggi%25CC%25B1lan" title="Nggi̱lan – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nggi̱lan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeretha" title="Ngeretha – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ngeretha" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259F%258B%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%259F" title="អង់គ្លេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2587%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%25A1%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259E%2589%25EA%25B8%2580%25EB%259E%259C%25EB%2593%259C" title="잉글랜드 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잉글랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2590%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D9%2590%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="اِنگلِستان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنگلِستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Englistan" title="Înglistan – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Înglistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Sows" title="Pow Sows – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Sows" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeland" title="Ingeland – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingeland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%25C3%25A6ra" title="Inghiltæra – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Inghiltæra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nghiltiera" title="Nghiltiera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nghiltiera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Inghiltèra – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%25C9%259Blandi" title="Ingɛlandi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ingɛlandi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2587%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2594" title="ປະເທດອັງກິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इङ्ल्यान्ड – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इङ्ल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angletera" title="Angletera – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Angletera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingarangi" title="Ingarangi – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ingarangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggirih" title="Inggirih – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Англија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%2582%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англи – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%25AA%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglet%25C9%259B%25C9%259Br%25C3%25A3" title="Angletɛɛrã – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Angletɛɛrã" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Moore</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1" title="इंग्लंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilterra" title="Ingilterra – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ingilterra" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="انگلیس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="انگلیس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngreterra" title="Ngreterra – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ngreterra" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelaand_(regio)" title="Engelaand (regio) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engelaand (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4" title="बेलायत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेलायत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engeland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A8rre" title="Angliétèrre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliétèrre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng%25C3%25AAlan%25C3%25AA" title="Engêlanê – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Engêlanê" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglat%25C3%25A8rra" title="Anglatèrra – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglatèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilaandi" title="Ingilaandi – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ingilaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2587%25E0%25AC%2582%25E0%25AC%25B2%25E0%25AC%25A3%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25A1" title="ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Англис – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англис" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25A1" title="ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguelti%25C3%25A8re" title="Ingueltière – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ingueltière" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglan" title="Inglan – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Inglan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Anghiltèra – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگلستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AB%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انګلستان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګلستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa" title="Inlispampa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlispampa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engalterra" title="Engalterra – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Engalterra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D2%2591%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Анґлія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґлія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A5%258D" title="इङ्ग्लेण्ड् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इङ्ग्लेण्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%259D%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%25B0" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nglaterra" title="Nglaterra – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nglaterra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingland" title="Ingland – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ingland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25DA%258A" title="انگلينڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگلينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%25C3%25A1nda" title="Englánda – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Englánda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%25A2%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2582%2585%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587" title="မိူင်းဢိင်ႇၵလႅၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိင်ႇၵလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2591%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="එංගලන්තය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එංගලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicko" title="Anglicko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anglicko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2527Egelani" title="'Egelani – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="'Egelani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%25C5%258Bland" title="Eŋland – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋland" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingiriiska" title="Ingiriiska – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ingiriiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Енглеска – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглеска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngilandi" title="Ngilandi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ngilandi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelane" title="Engelane – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Engelane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2584nglound" title="Änglound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Änglound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngland" title="Yngland – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yngland" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581" title="இங்கிலாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இங்கிலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2587%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B1%2581" title="ఇంగ్లాండు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లాండు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="Ингилистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ингилистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A4%25E0%25B8%25A9" title="ประเทศอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%25C3%25BDa" title="Angliýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Angliýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilt%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599" title="Ingiltərə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ingiltərə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BBIngilani" title="ʻIngilani – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻIngilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglan" title="Inglan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Inglan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngiltere" title="İngiltere – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngiltere" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngyiresi" title="Ngyiresi – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ngyiresi" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Англия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Англія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگلستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Angliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghiltera" title="Inghiltera – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inghiltera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglii" title="Anglii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anh" title="Anh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengeland" title="Iengeland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengeland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%25C3%25A4n" title="Linglän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglutere" title="Inglutere – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglutere" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%2585%25B0" title="英格兰 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英格兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENgilani" title="ENgilani – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ENgilani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598" title="ინგლისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593" title="ענגלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2580g%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2580%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2581s%25C3%25AC" title="Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengeland" title="Iengeland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengeland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%2585%25B0" title="英格兰 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英格兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E8%2598%25AD" title="英格蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英格蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-l%25C3%25A2n" title="Eng-lân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E8%2598%25AD" title="英格蘭 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英格蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgilandi" title="INgilandi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INgilandi" 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