CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c33b458c04484',cH: 'rzgjXSge_HQZ6kzaFeVNtsBolnvB._z6.LxqbbQizpg-1740533763-1.2.1.1-MenyB2wxwHdC2a28JYR_jCWw_hvdEuVfBocBOnxlUehzZkALlPxBRhUbSWeXEfol',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=nation-state&__cf_chl_tk=5F58IcCj_6w.DlP7.M0JokgiZr2GzEXIURddveNoyF0-1740533763-1.0.1.1-Dk1qvFTi1VpeMs245KP12m_Y_JRbsfwW6U0D8DzKBY4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740533763',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=nation-state&__cf_chl_f_tk=5F58IcCj_6w.DlP7.M0JokgiZr2GzEXIURddveNoyF0-1740533763-1.0.1.1-Dk1qvFTi1VpeMs245KP12m_Y_JRbsfwW6U0D8DzKBY4",md: "0amSHKcCN_9oOYDIIjxSX.22qXrX6l_cAcYwJtpNcv8-1740533763-1.2.1.1-Z.MQenofLFoTJiz4IMxJ2NEZd0fXWbZIelK5KPtE0yQsL2lSYiy7DJKfLtsN05zFugHCCwt3tiAu7f5Dhex08RbZS.57k9hNNdmtyCnn4lyr.CBJ3GXYundmA1tbJPzMd_Zp74kSODEwm2FnGJgPoA7zxigt96VJMFREs8zE1kPSrk7NPCLOGzvMw2UWxMg0nvcIq8TBQ3HUFc4oQvBThLL3VF3MeDdoohhagpRycZM3eSOUBPcj0xgT2NthtlC_ci8fd2yvwRy9Xp9aYpqO1JW9P5SHNS_FGuh9BMhUA1EEtFu3mghNifzy5dMlWDhZKLgBKoz.lhYfA43QxeDoP4v.9xVDx_dyjcPjJgcflUi_J9rU97.YW5sB8GsJy8B7XKI9bk_9xsy8O486rd5L3..kZfNKwZYBfU9DtTlp3gR0Soid1XRJyHntNeFlrR.J.mPWZSZlWrbONcIHjDiFh8VoaPDpwSpXZJKGf9_EtmDqOMs1gxvV43OmupiMKeXiEQLRMfYkjchJvrSJddKBy6H.KUOZ6kbKMd7fPTV5XHxvPr6533MUzdkOL.WigLksRS33ApwoW5Wyqi9ieeVIFQ3F855EDViO.rQj55Eb3zmLlfSmI.mXgojl9rhWAxZ.UEI7mZxxPyYvZPuXp25i4U5TUA6cKMBtyk5rVWixidQYDquXxmZe2PjuGXo9yLiFYZ5CfetDlrTaG2ZHn1Vp0gqVG2KqgFGSV1mUSYaEyagz2HOgD7tInP.e_1Q12Xm2jQU5.3nORl7Sf3mOgxieCiZ35TuTWY2sevEtymMKp3FkbKEbkTnBOG6s4YFgYMD5.i_jIWVCzG2rU0Of1JbMao.sYssG5L.pOS3IQ50nNIkZxd1MV6_P_qxZstQLsl9TK0IuDGZOdLfZacVQL11F5uGGJZA3_7tFaAn1YrDg_zW1zEGwKb4ssuqWMmmFpTJ28Wm1MeznWL3JCQnmqw4J9guB5OcXsvJXMsnkxVSwOXhDdo.WzldtTmMgLauAZ__.doLU7o3yhpvo.Bm85AcWbSV3tg5UsCST5UP9EuSRUsOVI.VNlNfJymBxucc50LmrzTNR7wx.0PbPGOec3Zh9SjLzbj4dcWRUWS7hmKovnzBZNlDx886DhCbBc1gtpH5BEkLivJ_.D4UwlBNxEtDCl7efYb_pM_4g8.pHRVtc2Me3eQRI6i5PnA8UbjKmIr03o9nwYhwORzAg9ujzFxdpDj3RRLeiAE_cT9MBXwVYCmdUEIOkHcwo9.rx4_MDgCSkVTJCaPkRV53cL.zSJEaZM8NzcED.6Rf9kZrBqTzHnbEJN0tJijUO_IzUWcqlOe9P_O9Evx7E.3n8RMUM1_mvEUXaA.PoCZQqbv9tTUt__bQu1MCOXHLAwbuR7vF8BWor49WQ8nIagTll9SsSR3p7FiId3qDqJ5xSjN6w7WSrMCa14Dynul0I7Ow3RIUTFCJyuBEP9TnR2wx5I_o0zCgtJifnRsyKzft0yQXzD0i8jUv.h1fyRFhaor2S8V5lKjRtfbKaWKV8eTyH3EaQEF_X3pCnKOyTGP40xBaAnGfc6H6kijltTuairL9VlHwN4eMXXx.aM_KondUIJEFbMnv8kIT_9KNkWNHHR5YYkZTPiHNFIZahvAZabBP2Q3X8wS.FSbDCgzbpVstDd5kvGyrUykfmr27iJ7st2NtYQfRz.3lQxL4o7kDIiMqEu0.vMk61_zMiGX.SSZvBdP2D0KM5Nn_AzXmfJ0ttTgvmIsduVd02A4.rb9iyJmX4Tk3Cue3.72Yd2B91OUKvvZPTqiD4F1umb39gm7WJRiJaLDhoObPqyfZO5.eJDj8VEyfO3BveTO4o7Novq38Oi4KtUgGYi1AhLmOEbrF0bbfDPdTQmTC621Dl_cqHyBa1z7M0EoQJYPFRxBBiFqMQqp8OLRH14A",mdrd: "5GTD_o3Oep2kQ5PSlNr8hlxpGaP931YVe8BJDF6H9XQ-1740533763-1.2.1.1-YeUjArO2tEla5quxsoYU7D6ElpJmoPdg0a_sW6Ijq9jbuRAhhXMD1dOtQFgux6W1n2tFLPsCbxev9ZsfmJTDyJgxtKD._.sae_nskk9sZJg4rg2U73X3cSvOA.XhnqKfP3NGIYOwvOQzsZpd5f0YnX.WaWum8pzv4Zsz_oq2tExgpxkhtvfjnsfSY_KXAyofTavH17iKh8zfW8t4O9XHs1VqXIY7pYGKCWzGZ6NOvdUMbQ88Vc5jp7DDjKkikP6OzZDrslYE9ZZMpDiSy9I8N.dBm7wOaS3VAes3p_1ybi71pZlY4Lt09BNSgbBZSNNO__ZIs_Qyduho8ReQUBKOhG3IkU7wH2B4jlYcWB6Vuf.SCjxJVuXBQdOvOyYnw_eiSRwfkk3VJrXB8_ziwI48mN4RSfB_oYbpvI4FrdqqtClvQx3g32XsonwOOP_XndoxGEXhHwusiCfg9QojXcFnEoqHGuzsmlc9hcNPDhhJwZqIRHV8YIwozNt661BbhWbuPxAtsFWLetYnxcLKVwFn3al3VKWASQ114ddb02.edcvaO.zTK_gBW46gZZSejL3ZLOXpP6PmEDWuBH.xOmW04VTjOFRoQiN74YGIU9od5ci39_sBGikcxCUB2hryzsJFuf1_9muWhTgepmGUJ2r7xmyJDnjIAMeeg60oZ_5xYnDyJx1Oo8YCmcL0kXVZwO.AucFKiDKK8ouv.NV67N7346K7KPigq3WMArAmu5at3XAkFyAmL_cP8csr1VZnQsJQZOWHAOlQ7dLYfgeiVxj6LFq8bohT68Ed3851qJQEkCG7jvaDbi3Fnu.1ZBUR3nUPDqMUAfyC1K0VmLcgAmevQx9DC.9qk0xG3FruqZ3BpoWpBxVZKlg7sTnrN1ctQR2FCud9xcs2Eq4I05bnc_bJuCxbzjWY4BvG7X2nxFwuUxjENnL9VlhHJlf0rq3nEwR.PnX5DDdVGcvNzGmpNt7nBKLRBV3TkeG7Mb3MPjfRO6I.Y_BZzt.5PF.lBs0IlneswP8KG7RLJJQKp7dujN_aXQQm0jZ2h73DZBVFM.1NgnJfhQwXLGcE3gMqRQH.R2_p6wXq7zEJhqd8f2ZqhxmTzIDX6X3Ympfd4JhZU8diMXatm6XczK6nrWNCUwWSgTvvjXpVBRWYntVhrMYSEbV2hv.Wh3gJSqXixZFyqSpnCUTpG74TuwfMynOe4LbW2k7zEWCLBfORBmGuX62bRSPPUyuRlzVeA48Qdl2kFWr7R8hBKC4yHyicE.Nov3uCAjLR7w5ttUMpQF38_sJco9xZ9OczObNSIFRBfkE_Nn25sQulLoNBccJPfxVMaVDX13Fk2IGMB6WPA5.DJ1qvQE8W31dCItXMyJ8XpVU4OUZPW0qTNNWmYEe_ix1SCqNj9KH276GGcTR_DLYJdsXbyWtJLUwxSOkfyWHGQwOKOKuw_wKWhzVYHZ6cRtfeUu9pfRgtHIVqdWTMnoIuCtVJLkAPF28snlIoRk3uvMCdA3TGdGb8o.OQ3e4v_XukgnuZIychnhMldSpd97qMtLN5wFV74TT6AUSu_t3uPs2WgSdP9h2AreZjwDylHxKgv7PNBxG02TUYlEcR_XQ1vxds0jjJ965IPPN5dXQ82LO28JYuNnwOpGUnxBydFSzGq.lCsBo4KtW8Y5AziiDKUFNDxvWa5H7JGSO_r_jIs7wWwyklzQplm5S9wl5VW9d2mGUgwvPHcDpbTFUCSTGjugEjodknj_80HilGwQk1M3t40FN4tkPBb98ntI208Bc80gtwJtuypl.2nDkwuGVgRsExahg_1S2dOtx_4Y1gb0HjI8F1b5gq4UHvyL1HpP6nZ6DBDsvLeEfWOsmzOq48ccNffJFBbgGepC0s9qOlIchBISaVGCMHKqfg_K5WQ8d__bIL9AJrH.O38e48EH4s81Kkch6BAIwTbYsbDDmNHf9xwboYhtRDKVqSvNPmWrvQHXbt5Yba"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c33b458c04484';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=nation-state&__cf_chl_rt_tk=5F58IcCj_6w.DlP7.M0JokgiZr2GzEXIURddveNoyF0-1740533763-1.0.1.1-Dk1qvFTi1VpeMs245KP12m_Y_JRbsfwW6U0D8DzKBY4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>