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Barcelona</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Aina Barcelona"> <meta name="keywords" content="Aina Barcelona"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Aina Barcelona"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 44</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Aina Barcelona</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> AINA: Disney Animation Information as Educational Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piedad%20Garrido">Piedad Garrido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Repulles"> Fernando Repulles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Bloor"> Andy Bloor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20A.%20Sanguesa"> Julio A. Sanguesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Gallardo"> Jesus Gallardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vicente%20Torres"> Vicente Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Tramullas"> Jesus Tramullas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the emergence and development of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs), Higher Education is experiencing rapid changes, not only in its teaching strategies but also in student’s learning skills. However, we have noticed that students often have difficulty when seeking innovative, useful, and interesting learning resources for their work. This is due to the lack of supervision in the selection of good query tools. This paper presents AINA, an Information Retrieval (IR) computer system aimed at providing motivating and stimulating content to both students and teachers working on different areas and at different educational levels. In particular, our proposal consists of an open virtual resource environment oriented to the vast universe of Disney comics and cartoons. Our test suite includes Disney’s long and shorts films, and we have performed some activities based on the Just In Time Teaching (JiTT) methodology. More specifically, it has been tested by groups of university and secondary school students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title="information retrieval">information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animation" title=" animation"> animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20resources" title=" educational resources"> educational resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JiTT" title=" JiTT"> JiTT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38037/aina-disney-animation-information-as-educational-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Sediment Trapping by Seagrass Blades under Oscillatory Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Barcelona">Aina Barcelona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolyn%20Oldham"> Carolyn Oldham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordi%20Colomer"> Jordi Colomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordi%20Garcia-Orellana"> Jordi Garcia-Orellana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Serra"> Teresa Serra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seagrass meadows increase the sedimentation within the canopy. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about how seagrasses impact the vertical distribution of sediment coming from external sources and reaches the meadow. This study aims to determine the number of particles retained by a seagrass meadow. Based on the hydrodynamics in the vertical direction, a meadow can be separated into different compartments: the blades, the seabed, within the canopy layer, and the above canopy layer. A set of laboratory experiments were conducted under different hydrodynamic conditions and canopy densities with the purpose to mimic the real field conditions. This study demonstrates and quantifies that seagrass meadows decrease the volume of the suspended sediment by two mechanisms: capturing the suspended sediment by the seagrass blades and promoting the particle sedimentation to the seabed. This study also demonstrates that the number of sediment particles trapped by single seagrass blades decreases with canopy density. However, when considering the trapping by the total number of blades, the sediment captured by all the blades of the meadow increases with canopy density. Furthermore, comparing with the bare seabed, this study demonstrated that there is a reduction in the suspended particles within the canopy, which implies an improvement in the water clarity. In addition, the particle sedimentation on the seabed increases with the canopy density compared with the bare seabed, making evident the contribution of the vegetation in enhancing sedimentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seagrass" title="seagrass">seagrass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20capture" title=" sediment capture"> sediment capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20kinetic%20energy" title=" turbulent kinetic energy"> turbulent kinetic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillatory%20flow" title=" oscillatory flow"> oscillatory flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135085/sediment-trapping-by-seagrass-blades-under-oscillatory-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> A Framework for Defining Innovation Districts: A Case Study of 22@ Barcelona </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnault%20Morisson">Arnault Morisson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation districts are being implemented as urban regeneration strategies in cities as diverse as Barcelona (Spain), Boston (Massachusetts), Chattanooga (Tennessee), Detroit (Michigan), Medellin (Colombia), and Montréal (Canada). Little, however, is known about the concept. This paper aims to provide a framework to define innovation districts. The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach using 22@ Barcelona as a case study. 22@ Barcelona was the first innovation district ever created and has been a model for the innovation districts of Medellin (Colombia) and Boston (Massachusetts) among others. Innovation districts based on the 22@ Barcelona’s model can be defined as top-down urban innovation ecosystems designed around four multilayered and multidimensional models of innovation: urban planning, productive, collaborative, and creative, all coordinated under strong leadership, with the ultimate objectives to accelerate the innovation process and competitiveness of a locality. Innovation districts aim to respond to a new economic paradigm in which economic production flows back to cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20ecosystem" title="innovation ecosystem">innovation ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20park" title=" technology park"> technology park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20policy" title=" urban policy"> urban policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20regeneration" title=" urban regeneration"> urban regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57967/a-framework-for-defining-innovation-districts-a-case-study-of-22-at-barcelona" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Methodological Support for Teacher Training in English Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Comfort%20Aina">Comfort Aina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern English, as we all know it to be a foreign language to many, will require training and re-training on the path of the teacher and learners alike. As a teacher, you cannot give that which you do not have. Teachers, many of whom are non-native speakers, are required to be competent in solving problems occurring in the teaching and learning processes. They should be conscious of up to date information about new approaches, methods, techniques as well as they should be capable in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and, of course, should work on the improvement of their language components and competence. For teachers to be successful in these goals, they need to be encouraged and motivated. So, for EFL teachers to be successful, they are enrolled to in-service teacher training, ICT training, some of the training they undergo and the benefits accrued to it will be the focus of the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title="training">training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method" title=" method"> method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=english%20language" title=" english language"> english language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20teachers" title=" EFL teachers"> EFL teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159609/methodological-support-for-teacher-training-in-english-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> The Minimum Patch Size Scale for Seagrass Canopy Restoration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Barcelona">Aina Barcelona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolyn%20Oldham"> Carolyn Oldham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordi%20Colomer"> Jordi Colomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Serra"> Teresa Serra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The loss of seagrass meadows worldwide is being tackled by formulating coastal restoration strategies. Seagrass loss results in a network of vegetated patches which are barely interconnected, and consequently, the ecological services they provide may be highly compromised. Hence, there is a need to optimize coastal management efforts in order to implement successful restoration strategies, not only through modifying the architecture of the canopies but also by gathering together information on the hydrodynamic conditions of the seabeds. To obtain information on the hydrodynamics within the patches of vegetation, this study deals with the scale analysis of the minimum lengths of patch management strategies that can be effectively used on. To this aim, a set of laboratory experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume where the plant densities, patch lengths, and hydrodynamic conditions were varied to discern the vegetated patch lengths that can provide optimal ecosystem services for canopy development. Two possible patch behaviours based on the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production were determined: one where plants do not interact with the flow and the other where plants interact with waves and produce TKE. Furthermore, this study determines the minimum patch lengths that can provide successful management restoration. A canopy will produce TKE, depending on its density, the length of the vegetated patch, and the wave velocities. Therefore, a vegetated patch will produce plant-wave interaction under high wave velocities when it presents large lengths and high canopy densities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seagrass" title="seagrass">seagrass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20patch%20size" title=" minimum patch size"> minimum patch size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20kinetic%20energy" title=" turbulent kinetic energy"> turbulent kinetic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillatory%20flow" title=" oscillatory flow"> oscillatory flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136059/the-minimum-patch-size-scale-for-seagrass-canopy-restoration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Security Risks Assessment: A Conceptualization and Extension of NFC Touch-And-Go Application </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ku%20Aina%20Afiqah%20Ku%20Adzman">Ku Aina Afiqah Ku Adzman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manmeet%20Mahinderjit%20Singh"> Manmeet Mahinderjit Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarul%20Fitri%20Zaaba"> Zarul Fitri Zaaba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NFC operates on low-range 13.56 MHz frequency within a distance from 4cm to 10cm, and the applications can be categorized as touch and go, touch and confirm, touch and connect, and touch and explore. NFC applications are vulnerable to various security and privacy attacks such due to its physical nature; unprotected data stored in NFC tag and insecure communication between its applications. This paper aims to determine the likelihood of security risks happening in an NFC technology and application. We present an NFC technology taxonomy covering NFC standards, types of application and various security and privacy attack. Based on observations and the survey presented to evaluate the risk assessment within the touch and go application demonstrates two security attacks that are high risks namely data corruption and DOS attacks. After the risks are determined, risk countermeasures by using AHP is adopted. The guideline and solutions to these two high risks, attacks are later applied to a secure NFC-enabled Smartphone Attendance System. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Near%20Field%20Communication%20%28NFC%29" title="Near Field Communication (NFC)">Near Field Communication (NFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision%20making" title=" multi-criteria decision making"> multi-criteria decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytical%20Hierarchy%20Process%20%28AHP%29" title=" Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)"> Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66165/security-risks-assessment-a-conceptualization-and-extension-of-nfc-touch-and-go-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Non-Autonomous Seasonal Variation Model for Vector-Borne Disease Transferral in Kampala of Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Aina%20Peter">Benjamin Aina Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amos%20Wale%20Ogunsola"> Amos Wale Ogunsola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a mathematical model of malaria transmission was presented with the effect of seasonal shift, due to global fluctuation in temperature, on the increase of conveyor of the infectious disease, which probably alters the region transmission potential of malaria. A deterministic compartmental model was proposed and analyzed qualitatively. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches of the model were considered. The next-generation matrix is employed to determine the basic reproduction number of the model. Equilibrium points of the model were determined and analyzed. The numerical simulation is carried out using Excel Micro Software to validate and support the qualitative results. From the analysis of the result, the optimal temperature for the transmission of malaria is between and . The result also shows that an increase in temperature due to seasonal shift gives rise to the development of parasites which consequently leads to an increase in the widespread of malaria transmission in Kampala. It is also seen from the results that an increase in temperature leads to an increase in the number of infectious human hosts and mosquitoes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variation" title="seasonal variation">seasonal variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20residual%20spray" title=" indoor residual spray"> indoor residual spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficacy%20of%20spray" title=" efficacy of spray"> efficacy of spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature-dependent%20model" title=" temperature-dependent model"> temperature-dependent model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143261/non-autonomous-seasonal-variation-model-for-vector-borne-disease-transferral-in-kampala-of-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Assessment of the Impact of Traffic Safety Policy in Barcelona, 2010-2019</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Llu%C3%ADs%20Berm%C3%BAdez">Lluís Bermúdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20%20Morillo"> Isabel Morillo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety involves carrying out a determined and explicit policy to reduce accidents. In the city of Barcelona, through the Local Road Safety Plan 2013-2018, in line with the framework that has been established at the European and state level, a series of preventive, corrective and technical measures are specified, with the priority objective of reducing the number of serious injuries and fatalities. In this work, based on the data from the accidents managed by the local police during the period 2010-2019, an analysis is carried out to verify whether the measures established in the Plan to reduce the accident rate have had an effect or not and to what extent. The analysis focuses on the type of accident and the type of vehicles involved. Different count regression models have been fitted, from which it can be deduced that the number of serious and fatal victims of the accidents that have occurred in the city of Barcelona has been reduced as the measures approved by the authorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20reduction" title="accident reduction">accident reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=count%20regression%20models" title=" count regression models"> count regression models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20traffic" title=" urban traffic"> urban traffic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148201/assessment-of-the-impact-of-traffic-safety-policy-in-barcelona-2010-2019" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Governance Challenges of Consolidated Destinations. The Case of Barcelona</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20Crespi-Vallbona%3B%20Oscar%20Mascarilla-Mir%C3%B3">Montserrat Crespi-Vallbona; Oscar Mascarilla-Miró</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mature destinations have different challenges trying to attract tourism and please its citizens. Hence, they have to maintain their touristic interest to standard demand and also not to undeceive those tourists with more advanced experiences. Second, they have to be concerned for the daily life of citizens and avoid the negative effects of touristification. This balance is quite delicate and often has to do with the sensitivity and commitment of the party in the local government. However, what is a general consensus is the need for destinations to differentiate from the homogeneous rest of regions and create new content, consumable resources or marketing events to guarantee their positioning. In this sense, the main responsibility of destinations is to satisfy users, tourists and citizens. Hence, its aim has to do with holistic experiences, which collect these wide approaches. Specifically, this research aims to analyze the volume and growth of tourist houses in the central touristic neighborhoods of Barcelona (this is Ciutat Vella) as the starting point to identify the behavior of tourists regarding their interests in searching for local heritage attractiveness and community atmosphere. Then, different cases are analyzed in order to show how Barcelona struggles to keep its attractive brand for the visitors, as well as for its inhabitants. Methodologically, secondary data used in this research comes from official registered tourist houses (Catalunya Government), Open Data (Barcelona municipality), the Airbnb tourist platform, from the Incasol Data and Municipal Register of Inhabitants. Primary data are collected through in-depth interviews with neighbors, social movement managers and political representatives from Turisme de Barcelona (local DMO, Destination Management Organization). Results show what the opportunities and priorities are for key actors to design policies to find a balance between all different interests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touristification" title="touristification">touristification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20houses" title=" tourist houses"> tourist houses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20demand" title=" tourism demand"> tourism demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airbnbfication" title=" airbnbfication"> airbnbfication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177673/governance-challenges-of-consolidated-destinations-the-case-of-barcelona" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Urban Ecological Interaction: Air, Water, Light and New Transit at the Human Scale of Barcelona’s Superilles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Speranza">Philip Speranza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As everyday transit options are shifting from autocentric to pedestrian and bicycle oriented modes for healthy living, downtown streets are becoming more attractive places to live. However, tools and methods to measure the natural environment at the small scale of streets do not exist. Fortunately, a combination of mobile data collection technology and parametric urban design software now allows an interface to relate urban ecological conditions. This paper describes creation of an interactive tool to measure urban phenomena of air, water, and heat/light at the scale of new three-by-three block pedestrianized areas in Barcelona called Superilles. Each Superilla limits transit to the exterior of the blocks and to create more walkable and bikeable interior streets for healthy living. The research will describe the integration of data collection, analysis, and design output via a live interface using parametric software Rhino Grasshopper and the Human User Interface (UI) plugin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transit" title="transit">transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20design" title=" parametric design"> parametric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Superilles" title=" Superilles"> Superilles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barcelona" title=" Barcelona"> Barcelona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20ecology" title=" urban ecology"> urban ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57119/urban-ecological-interaction-air-water-light-and-new-transit-at-the-human-scale-of-barcelonas-superilles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Effectiveness of Jackfruit Seed Starch as Coagulant Aid in Landfill Leachate Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Suffian%20Yusoff">Mohd Suffian Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Aina%20Mohamad%20Zuki"> Noor Aina Mohamad Zuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Faiz%20Muaz%20Ahmad%20Zamri"> Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, aluminium sulphate (alum), ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) are the most common coagulants being used for leachate coagulation-flocculation treatment. However, the impact of these residual’s coagulants have sparked huge concern ceaselessly. Therefore, development of natural coagulant as an alternative coagulant for treatment process has been given full attentions. In this attempt jackfruit seed starch (JSS) was produce by extraction method. The removal efficiency was determined using jar test method. The removal of organic matter and ammonia were compared between JSS used in powder form and diluted form in leachate. The yield of starch from the extraction method was 33.17 % with light brown in colour. The removal of turbidity was the highest at pH 8 for both diluted and powdered JSS with 38% and 8.7% of removal. While for colour removal the diluted JSS showed 18.19% of removal compared to powdered JSS. The diluted JSS also showed the highest removal of suspended solid with 3.5% compared to powdered JSS with 2.8%. Instead of coagulant, JSS as coagulant aid has succeed to reduce the dosage of PAC from 900 mg/L to 528 mg/L by maintaining colour and turbidity removal up to 94% and 92 % respectively. The JSS coagulant also has decreased the negative charge of the leachate nearly to the neutral charge (0.209 mv). The result proved that JSS was more effective to be used as coagulant aid landfill leachate treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20leachate" title="landfill leachate">landfill leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20coagulant" title=" natural coagulant"> natural coagulant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jackfruit%20seed%20starch" title=" jackfruit seed starch"> jackfruit seed starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulant" title=" coagulant"> coagulant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17307/effectiveness-of-jackfruit-seed-starch-as-coagulant-aid-in-landfill-leachate-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Nutritional Quality Assessment and Safety Evaluation of Food Crops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawole%20Emmanuel%20Aina">Olawole Emmanuel Aina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liziwe%20Lizbeth%20Mugivhisa"> Liziwe Lizbeth Mugivhisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Oluwole%20Olowoyo"> Joshua Oluwole Olowoyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chikwela%20Lawrence%20Obi"> Chikwela Lawrence Obi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In sustained and consistent efforts to improve food security, numerous and different methods are proposed and used in the production of food crops, and farm produce to meet the demands of consumers. However, unregulated and indiscriminate methods of production present another problem that may expose consumers of these food crops to potential health risks. Therefore, it is imperative that a thorough assessment of farm produce is carried out due to the growing trend of health-conscious consumers preference for minimally processed or raw farm produce. This study evaluated the safety and nutritional quality of food crops. The objectives were to compare the nutritional quality of organic and inorganic farm produce in one hand and, on the other, evaluate the safety of farm produce with respect to trace metal and pathogenic contamination. We conducted a broad systematic search of peer-reviewed published literatures from databases and search engines such as science direct, web-of-science, Google scholar, and Scopus. This study concluded that there is no conclusive evidence to support the notion of nutritional superiority of organic food crops over their inorganic counterparts and there are documented reports of pathogenic and metal contaminations of food crops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20crops" title="food crops">food crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruits%20and%20vegetables" title=" fruits and vegetables"> fruits and vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogens" title=" pathogens"> pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167258/nutritional-quality-assessment-and-safety-evaluation-of-food-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Evolution of Economic Urban Spaces: Barcelona's Trafalgar Garment District, 1940-2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Vicente%20Salar">Rafael Vicente Salar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities are steadily transforming their productive systems based on value-adding strategies, with the aim of becoming more competitive in a globalized economy. This fact is reflected in inner urban spaces which are increasingly accommodating new economic activities related to knowledge, culture, creativity, and tourism, to the detriment of traditional activities. This is the case of the Trafalgar Garment District (TGD), located in Barcelona´s Eixample Dret neighborhood, an economic urban space historically devoted to the garment wholesale trade. This district is currently experiencing the transformation of its traditional economic specialization. In the last 50 years, external and internal factors have caused, firstly, the disintegration of the Catalonian garment regional cluster. This has resulted in the closure of the majority of metropolitan garment workshops. Secondly, this has also caused either the disappearance of wholesale firms or their relocation to more suitable spaces in the metropolitan area. Specifically, the TGD's economic restructuration is related to the attraction of firms related to the lodging industry and the new economy. In addition, some of the wholesale businesses are adopting new management strategies in order to remain in the TGD. These initiatives are thought to allow them, on one hand, to upgrade their products and, on the other, to reconfigure their internal organization in order to be more competitive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment%20district" title=" garment district"> garment district</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20economy" title=" new economy"> new economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garmen%20wholesale%20trade" title=" garmen wholesale trade"> garmen wholesale trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58447/evolution-of-economic-urban-spaces-barcelonas-trafalgar-garment-district-1940-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Residents Awareness and Willingness to Offer Homestay Accommodation to Tourists at a Listed World Heritage Site: Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arowosafe%20Folusade%20Catherine">Arowosafe Folusade Catherine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arowosafe%20Olubunmi"> Arowosafe Olubunmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Samson"> Aina Samson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many countries, tourism has been portrayed as a contributor to small-scale enterprises, contributing to improved standards of living, a catalyst for community development, and poverty alleviation. This study assessed the willingness of the host communities to provide homestay accommodation and also identified the homestay facilities available to host visitors to the community. A random sampling method was used to administer 150 copies of the questionnaire to the residents in Idanre. Data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, and results were presented using frequency and percentage tables. Results: Findings revealed that the majority of the residents were above 60 years (47.3%), with 33% of them aware of the concept of homestay accommodation, and 32% had primary education. The majority were self-employed (43.3%), earning less than ₦30,000 per month; it also revealed that 80.7% of the residents owned at least one house and had adequate water supply facility (100%) and electricity (99.3%). Some constraints observed revealed that safety for the host family (mean 4.81) was ranked high as a possible deterrent to providing homestay accommodation to strangers. Results revealed a correlation between the resident’s awareness and willingness to provide homestay accommodation services (r.0.05, p<0.05). This study recommends that sensitization programs to create awareness of the potential benefits of homestay accommodation in the host communities of Idanre Hills should be carried out by the relevant stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation" title="accommodation">accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homestay" title=" homestay"> homestay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idanre%20Hills" title=" Idanre Hills"> Idanre Hills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167034/residents-awareness-and-willingness-to-offer-homestay-accommodation-to-tourists-at-a-listed-world-heritage-site-idanre-hills-ondo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Study on the Effect of Weather Variables on the Spider Abundance in Two Ecological Zones of Ogun State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odejayi%20Adedayo%20Olugbenga">Odejayi Adedayo Olugbenga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Adebisi"> Aina Adebisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weather variables (rainfall and temperature) affect the diversity and abundance of both fauna and flora species. This study compared the weather variables with spider abundance in two ecological zones of Ogun State, Nigeria namely Ago-iwoye (Rainforest) in the Ijebu axis and Aiyetoro (Derived Savannah) in the Yewa axis. Seven study sites chosen by Simple Random Sampling in each ecosystem were used for the study. In each sampling area, a 60 m x 120 m land area was marked and sampled, spider collection techniques were; hand picking, use of sweep netting, and Pitfall trap. Adult spiders were identified to the species level. Species richness was estimated by a non-parametric species estimator while the diversity of spider species was assessed by Simpson Diversity Index and Species Richness by One-way Analysis of Variance. Results revealed that spiders were more abundant in rainforest zones than in derived savannah ecosystems. However, the pattern of spider abundance in rainforest zone and residential areas were similar. During high temperatures, the activities of spiders tended to increase according to this study. In contrast, results showed that there was a negative correlation between rainfall and spider species abundance in addition to a negative and weak correlation between rainfall and species richness. It was concluded that heavy downpour has lethal effects on both immature and sometimes matured spiders, which could lead to the extinction of some unknown species of spiders. Tree planting should be encouraged, as this shelters the spider. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spider" title="spider">spider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title=" abundance"> abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20richness" title=" species richness"> species richness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20diversity" title=" species diversity"> species diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168175/study-on-the-effect-of-weather-variables-on-the-spider-abundance-in-two-ecological-zones-of-ogun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Stakeholders Views on Why Childhood Obesity is Rising in Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Adedini">A. A. Adedini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Aina"> B. A. Aina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20U.%20Ogbo"> P. U. Ogbo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child obesity is on the rise globally. According to the World Health Organization, the number of obese children would increase to 70 million by 2025 if no intervention is made. An increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst school children in Lagos State, Nigeria has been established but specific factors promoting its prevalence are unknown. This aim of this study is to identify the commonly expressed factor(s) responsible for the rise in prevalence of child overweight and obesity in Lagos, Nigeria. Five focus group discussions were conducted with different groups of stake-holders involved in child care, namely: parents, teachers and health workers. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling method; a validated question guide was employed for the discussion sessions. The discussions were recorded, collated, analysed using Grounded theory to extract themes. Six themes emerged from the discussions as follows: Civilization and lifestyle imbalance resulting from busy work schedules of young mothers leading to adoption of westernized culture promoting preference for processed and fast food meals; insecurity and congestion of the state which discourages out-door activities; ignorance of the populace on the prevalence of child obesity in the state; inadequate educative and enlightenment programmes in schools and by the Nigerian government; myths on child care and body physique and societal perceptions of the children born into affluent homes. Some of the factors responsible for the rise in the prevalence of child obesity in Lagos, Nigeria have been identified. Preventive strategies to control the prevalence of obesity in children residing in Lagos state is considered for further studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Childhood%20Obesity" title="Childhood Obesity">Childhood Obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagos%20state" title=" lagos state"> lagos state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title=" stakeholders"> stakeholders</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26957/stakeholders-views-on-why-childhood-obesity-is-rising-in-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Pricing the Risk Associated to Weather of Variable Renewable Energy Generation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20M.%20Uribe">Jorge M. Uribe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a methodology for setting the price of an insurance contract targeted to manage the risk associated with weather conditions that affect variable renewable energy generation. The methodology relies on conditional quantile regressions to estimate the weather risk of a solar panel. It is illustrated using real daily radiation and weather data for three cities in Spain (Valencia, Barcelona and Madrid) from February 2/2004 to January 22/2019. We also adapt the concepts of value at risk and expected short fall from finance to this context, to provide a complete panorama of what we label as weather risk. The methodology is easy to implement and can be used by insurance companies to price a contract with the aforementioned characteristics when data about similar projects and accurate cash flow projections are lacking. Our methodology assigns a higher price to an insurance product with the stated characteristics in Madrid, compared to Valencia and Barcelona. This is consistent with Madrid showing the largest interquartile range of operational deficits and it is unrelated to the average value deficit, which illustrates the importance of our proposal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance" title="insurance">insurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather" title=" weather"> weather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vre" title=" vre"> vre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk "> risk </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118539/pricing-the-risk-associated-to-weather-of-variable-renewable-energy-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The Potential of Acanthaster Plancii Fractions as Anti-Atherosclerotic Agent by Inhibiting the Expression of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurjannatul%20Naim%20Kamaruddin">Nurjannatul Naim Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengku%20Sifziuzl%20Tengku%20Muhammad"> Tengku Sifziuzl Tengku Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Farahiyah%20Abdul%20Manan"> Aina Farahiyah Abdul Manan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atherosclerosis which leads to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, unstable angina (ischemic heart pain), sudden cardiac death and stroke is the principal cause of death worldwide. It has been a very critical issue as current common drug treatment, statin therapy has left bad side effects like rhabdomyolysis, atrial fibrillation, liver disease, abdominal and chest pain. Interestingly, the discoveries of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 have paved a new way in the treatment of atherosclerosis. This serine protease is believed to involve in the regulation of LDL- uptake by LDL-receptor. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Acanthaster plancii fractions to reduce the transcriptional activity of the PCSK9 promoter. In this study, the marine organism which is Acanthaster plancii has been used as the source for marine compounds in inhibiting PCSK9. The cytotoxicity activity of ten fractions from the methanol extracts of Acanthaster plancii was investigated on HepG2 cell lines using MTS assay and dual glo luciferase assay was carried out later to analyses the effects of the samples in reducing the transcriptional activity of the PCSK9 promoter. Both assays used fractions with five different concentrations, 3.13µg/mL, 6.25µg/mL, 12.5µg/mL, 25µg/mL, and 50µg/mL. MTS assay indicated that the fractions are non-cytotoxic towards HepG2 cell lines as their IC50 value is greater than 30µg/mL. Whilst, for the dual glo luciferase assay, among all the fractions, Enhance Fraction 2 (EF2) showed the best potential in reducing the transcriptional activity of the PCSK9 promoter. The results indicated that this EF2 gave the lowest PCSK9 promoter expression at low concentration which is 0.2 fold change at 6.25µg/mL. This finding suggested that further analysis should be done to validate the potential of Acanthaster plancii as the source of anti-atherosclerotic agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acanthaster%20plancii" title="Acanthaster plancii">Acanthaster plancii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atherosclerosis" title=" atherosclerosis"> atherosclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luciferase%20assay" title=" luciferase assay"> luciferase assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCSK9" title=" PCSK9"> PCSK9</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96387/the-potential-of-acanthaster-plancii-fractions-as-anti-atherosclerotic-agent-by-inhibiting-the-expression-of-proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin-type-9" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Phytochemicals Quatification, Trace Metal Accumulation Pattern and Contamination Risk Assessment of Different Variety of Tomatoes Cultivated on Municipal Waste Sludge Treated Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathodzi%20Nditsheni">Mathodzi Nditsheni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawole%20Emmanuel%20Aina"> Olawole Emmanuel Aina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Oluwole%20Olowoyo"> Joshua Oluwole Olowoyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-increasing world population is putting extreme pressure on the already limited agricultural resources for food production. Different soil enhancers were introduced by famers to meet the need of the ever-increasing population demand for food. One of the soil enhancers is the municipal waste sludge. This research investigated the differences in the concentrations of trace metals and levels of phytochemicals in four different tomato varieties cultivated on soil treated with municipal waste sludge in Pretoria, South Africa. Fruits were harvested at maturity and analyzed for trace metals and phytochemicals contents using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) respectively. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the differences in the concentrations of trace metals and phytochemical from different tomato varieties were significant. From the study, Rodade tomato bioaccumulated the highest concentrations of Mn, Cr, Cu and Ni, Roma bioaccumulated the highest concentrations of, Cd, Fe and Pb while Heinz bioaccumulated the highest concentrations of As and Zn. Cherry tomato on the other hand, recorded the lowest concentrations for most metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results of the study further showed that phenolic and flavonoids content were higher in the Solanum lycopersicum fruit grown in soils treated with municipal waste sludge. The study also showed that there was an inverse relationship between the levels of trace metals and phytochemicals. The calculated contamination factor values of trace metals like Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were above the safe value of 1 which indicated that the tomato fruits may be unsafe for human consumption. However, the contamination factor values for the remaining trace metals were well below the safe value of 1. From the results obtained either for the control group or the treatment, the tomato varieties used in the study, bioaccumulated the toxic trace metals in their fruits and some of the values obtained were higher than the acceptable limit, which may then imply that the varieties of tomato used in this study bio accumulated the toxic trace metals from the soil, hence care should be taken when these tomato varieties are either cultivated or harvested from polluted areas <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title="trace metals">trace metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolics" title=" phenolics"> phenolics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20sludge" title=" waste sludge"> waste sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination%20factors" title=" contamination factors"> contamination factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163007/phytochemicals-quatification-trace-metal-accumulation-pattern-and-contamination-risk-assessment-of-different-variety-of-tomatoes-cultivated-on-municipal-waste-sludge-treated-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Airbnb, Hotel Industry and Optimum Strategies: Evidence from European Cities, Barcelona, London and Paris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Pedro%20Aznar%20Alarcon">Juan Pedro Aznar Alarcon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josep%20Maria%20Sayeras%20Maspera"> Josep Maria Sayeras Maspera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Airbnb and other similar platforms are offering a near substitute to the traditional accommodation service supplied by the hotel sector. In this context, hotels can try to compete by offering higher quality and additional services, which imply the need for new investments or try to compete by reducing prices. The theoretical model presented in this paper analyzes the best response using a sequential game theory model. The main conclusion is that due to the financial constraints that small and medium hotels have these hotels have reduced prices whereas hotels that belong to international groups or have an easy access to financial resources have increased their investment to increase the quality of the service provided. To check the validity of the theoretical model financial data from Barcelona, London and Paris hotels have been used analyzing profitability, quality of the service provided, the investment propensity and the evolution of the gross profit. The model and the empirical data provide the base for some industrial policy in the hospitality industry. To address the extra cost that small hotels in Europe have to face compared by bigger firms would help to improve the level of quality provided and to some extent have positive externalities in terms of job creation and an increasing added value for the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitality%20industry" title=" hospitality industry"> hospitality industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60175/airbnb-hotel-industry-and-optimum-strategies-evidence-from-european-cities-barcelona-london-and-paris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> From Over-Tourism to Over-Mobility: Understanting the Mobility of Incoming City Users in Barcelona</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Antonio%20Donaire%20Benito">José Antonio Donaire Benito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantina%20Zerva"> Konstantina Zerva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historically, cities have been places where people from many nations and cultures have met and settled together, while population flows and density have had a significant impact on urban dynamics. Cities' high density of social, cultural, business offerings, everyday services, and other amenities not intended for tourists draw not only tourists but a wide range of city users as well. With the coordination of city rhythms and the porosity of the community, city users order and frame their urban experience. From one side, recent literature focuses on the shift in urban tourist experience from 'having' a holiday through 'doing' activities to 'becoming' a local by experiencing a part of daily life. On the other hand, there is a debate on the 'touristification of everyday life', where middle and upper class urban dwellers display attitudes and behaviors that are virtually undistinguishable from those of visitors. With the advent of globalization and technological advances, modern society has undergone a radical transformation that has altered mobility patterns within it, blurring the boundaries between tourism and everyday life, work and leisure, and "hosts" and "guests". Additionally, the presence of other 'temporary city' users, such as commuters, digital nomads, second home owners, and migrants, contributes to a more complex transformation of tourist cities. Moving away from this traditional clear distinction between 'hosts' and 'guests', which represents a more static view of tourism, and moving towards a more liquid narrative of mobility, academics on tourism development are embracing the New Mobilities Paradigm. The latter moves beyond the static structures of the modern world and focuses on the ways in which social entities are made up of people, machines, information, and images in a moving system. In light of this fluid interdependence between tourists and guests, a question arises as to whether overtourism, which is considered as the underlying cause of citizens' perception of a lower urban quality of life, is a fair representation of perceived mobility excessiveness, place consumption disruptiveness, and residents displacement. As a representative example of an overtourism narrative, Barcelona was chosen as a study area for this purpose, focusing on the incoming city users to reflect in depth the variety of people who contribute to mobility flows beyond those residents already have. Several statistical data have been analyzed to determine the number of national and international visitors to Barcelona at some point during the day in 2019. Specifically, tracking data gathered from mobile phone users within the city are combined with tourist surveys, urban mobility data, zenithal data capture, and information about the city's attractions. The paper shows that tourists are only a small part of the different incoming city users that daily enter Barcelona; excursionists, commuters, and metropolitans also contribute to a high mobility flow. Based on the diversity of incoming city users and their place consumption, it seems that the city's urban experience is more likely to be impacted by over-mobility tan over-tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20users" title="city users">city users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20mobilities%20paradigm" title=" new mobilities paradigm"> new mobilities paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over-tourism." title=" over-tourism."> over-tourism.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169176/from-over-tourism-to-over-mobility-understanting-the-mobility-of-incoming-city-users-in-barcelona" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Image Redefinition of Urban Destinations: The Case of Madrid and Barcelona</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrat%20Crespi%20Vallbona">Montserrat Crespi Vallbona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Dom%C3%ADnguez%20P%C3%A9rez"> Marta Domínguez Pérez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization impacts on cities and especially on their centers, especially on those spaces more visible and coveted. Changes are involved in processes such as touristification, gentrification or studentification, in addition of shop trendiness. The city becomes a good of interchange rather than a communal good for its inhabitants and consequently, its value is monetized. So, these different tendencies are analyzed: on one hand, the presence of tourists, the home rental increase, the explosion of businesses related to tourism; on the other hand; the return of middle classes or gentries to the center in a socio-spatial model that has changed highlighting the centers by their culture and their opportunities as well as by the value of public space and centrality; then, the interest of students (national and international) to be part of these city centers as dynamic groups and emerging classes with a higher purchasing power and better cultural capital than in the past; and finally, the conversion of old stores into modern ones, where vintage trend and the renewal of antiquity is the essence. All these transforming processes impact the European cities and redefine their image. All these trends reinforce the impression and brand of the urban center as an attractive space for investment, keeping such nonsense meaningful. These four tendencies have been spreading correlatively impacting the centers and transforming them involving the displacement of former residents of these spaces and revitalizing the center that is financed and commercialized in parallel. The cases of Madrid and Barcelona as spaces of greater evidence in Spain of these tendencies serve to illustrate these processes and represent the spearhead. Useful recommendations are presented to urban planners to find the conciliation of communal and commercialized spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gentrification" title="gentrification">gentrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shop%20trendiness" title=" shop trendiness"> shop trendiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=studentification" title=" studentification"> studentification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touristification" title=" touristification"> touristification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86692/the-image-redefinition-of-urban-destinations-the-case-of-madrid-and-barcelona" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilirian%20La%C3%A7i">Ilirian Laçi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alketa%20Spahiu"> Alketa Spahiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modality of treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients depends on the stage of the disease. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification (BCLC) is the preferred staging system. There are many patients initially present with intermediate-stage disease. For these patients, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the treatment of choice. The differences in individual factors that are not captured by the BCLC framework, such as the tumor growth pattern, degree of hypervascularity, and vascular supply, complicate further evaluation of these patients. Because of these differences, not all patients benefit equally from TACE. Several tools have been devised to aid the decision-making process, which have shown promising initial results but have failed external evaluation and have not been translated to the clinic aspects. Criteria for treatment decisions in daily clinical practice are needed in all stages of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title="hepatocellular carcinoma">hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transarterial%20chemoembolization" title=" transarterial chemoembolization"> transarterial chemoembolization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TACE" title=" TACE"> TACE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153902/transarterial-chemoembolization-tace-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-hcc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Development and Adaptation of a LGBM Machine Learning Model, with a Suitable Concept Drift Detection and Adaptation Technique, for Barcelona Household Electric Load Forecasting During Covid-19 Pandemic Periods (Pre-Pandemic and Strict Lockdown)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Pla%20Erra">Eric Pla Erra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Jimenez%20Martinez"> Mariana Jimenez Martinez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While aggregated loads at a community level tend to be easier to predict, individual household load forecasting present more challenges with higher volatility and uncertainty. Furthermore, the drastic changes that our behavior patterns have suffered due to the COVID-19 pandemic have modified our daily electrical consumption curves and, therefore, further complicated the forecasting methods used to predict short-term electric load. Load forecasting is vital for the smooth and optimized planning and operation of our electric grids, but it also plays a crucial role for individual domestic consumers that rely on a HEMS (Home Energy Management Systems) to optimize their energy usage through self-generation, storage, or smart appliances management. An accurate forecasting leads to higher energy savings and overall energy efficiency of the household when paired with a proper HEMS. In order to study how COVID-19 has affected the accuracy of forecasting methods, an evaluation of the performance of a state-of-the-art LGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Model) will be conducted during the transition between pre-pandemic and lockdowns periods, considering day-ahead electric load forecasting. LGBM improves the capabilities of standard Decision Tree models in both speed and reduction of memory consumption, but it still offers a high accuracy. Even though LGBM has complex non-linear modelling capabilities, it has proven to be a competitive method under challenging forecasting scenarios such as short series, heterogeneous series, or data patterns with minimal prior knowledge. An adaptation of the LGBM model – called “resilient LGBM” – will be also tested, incorporating a concept drift detection technique for time series analysis, with the purpose to evaluate its capabilities to improve the model’s accuracy during extreme events such as COVID-19 lockdowns. The results for the LGBM and resilient LGBM will be compared using standard RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) as the main performance metric. The models’ performance will be evaluated over a set of real households’ hourly electricity consumption data measured before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. All households are located in the city of Barcelona, Spain, and present different consumption profiles. This study is carried out under the ComMit-20 project, financed by AGAUR (Agència de Gestiód’AjutsUniversitaris), which aims to determine the short and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on building energy consumption, incrementing the resilience of electrical systems through the use of tools such as HEMS and artificial intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20drift" title="concept drift">concept drift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=home%20energy%20management%20system%20%28HEMS%29" title=" home energy management system (HEMS)"> home energy management system (HEMS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20gradient%20boosting%20model%20%28LGBM%29" title=" light gradient boosting model (LGBM)"> light gradient boosting model (LGBM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146851/development-and-adaptation-of-a-lgbm-machine-learning-model-with-a-suitable-concept-drift-detection-and-adaptation-technique-for-barcelona-household-electric-load-forecasting-during-covid-19-pandemic-periods-pre-pandemic-and-strict-lockdown" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Competence of Solving Mathematical Problems in the Formation of Ethical Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Diaz%20Quezada">Veronica Diaz Quezada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study and its preliminary results are presented. The research is descriptive and exploratory and it is still in process. Its objective is to develop an assessment method in the field of fostering values using competence mathematics problem solving. This is part of a more extensive research that aims at contributing to educational integration in Latin America, particularly to the development of proposals to link education for citizenship and the mathematics lessons. This is being carried out by research teams of University of Barcelona-España; University Nacional of Costa Rica; University Autónoma of Querétaro-México; Pontificia University Católica of Perú, University Nacional of Villa María- Argentina and University of Los Lagos-Chile, in the context of Andrés Bello Chair for the Association of Latin American Universities. This research was developed and implemented in Chile in 2016, using mixed research methods. It included interviews and a problem-solving math test with ethical values that was administered to students of the secondary education of the regions of Los Ríos and of the Lakes of Chile. The results show the lack of integration between the teaching of values and science discipline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenchip" title="citizenchip">citizenchip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20values" title=" ethical values"> ethical values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school" title=" secondary school"> secondary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solving%20problem" title=" solving problem"> solving problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90275/the-competence-of-solving-mathematical-problems-in-the-formation-of-ethical-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Deictic Expressions in Selected Football Commentaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Ofori%20Akomah">Vera Ofori Akomah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is no society without language. In football, language serves as a tool for communication. The football language and meaning of activities are largely revealed through the utterances of football commentators. The linguistic subfield of pragmatics is related to the study of meaning. Pragmatics shows that the interpretation of utterances not only depends on linguistic knowledge but also depends on knowledge about the context of the utterance, knowledge about the status of those involved such as the intent of the speaker, the place, and time of the utterance. Pragmatics analysis comes in several forms and one of such is Deixis. In football commentating, commentators often use deitic expressions in building utterances. The researcher intends to analyse deixis contained in three selected football commentaries through the use of Levinson’s deixis theory. This research is a qualitative study with content analysis as its method. This is because this study focuses on deitic expressions in football commentaries. The data of this study are utterances from English commentaries from 2016 El Classico match between Barcelona and Real Madrid, 2018 FIFA World Cup: Portugal vs Spain and 2022 FIFA World Cup Qualifier: Ghana v Nigeria. The result of the study reveals that there are five kinds of deixis which are person deixis (divided into three: the first person, the second person and the third person), place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatics%20analysis" title="pragmatics analysis">pragmatics analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football%20commentary" title=" football commentary"> football commentary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deixis" title=" deixis"> deixis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20deixis" title=" types of deixis"> types of deixis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191504/deictic-expressions-in-selected-football-commentaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Heritage and Tourism in the Era of Big Data: Analysis of Chinese Cultural Tourism in Catalonia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinge%20Liao">Xinge Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesc%20Xavier%20Roige%20Ventura"> Francesc Xavier Roige Ventura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dolores%20Sanchez%20Aguilera"> Dolores Sanchez Aguilera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of the Internet, the study of tourism behavior has rapidly expanded from the traditional physical market to the online market. Data on the Internet is characterized by dynamic changes, and new data appear all the time. In recent years the generation of a large volume of data was characterized, such as forums, blogs, and other sources, which have expanded over time and space, together they constitute large-scale Internet data, known as Big Data. This data of technological origin that derives from the use of devices and the activity of multiple users is becoming a source of great importance for the study of geography and the behavior of tourists. The study will focus on cultural heritage tourist practices in the context of Big Data. The research will focus on exploring the characteristics and behavior of Chinese tourists in relation to the cultural heritage of Catalonia. Geographical information, target image, perceptions in user-generated content will be studied through data analysis from Weibo -the largest social networks of blogs in China. Through the analysis of the behavior of heritage tourists in the Big Data environment, this study will understand the practices (activities, motivations, perceptions) of cultural tourists and then understand the needs and preferences of tourists in order to better guide the sustainable development of tourism in heritage sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Big%20Data" title=" Big Data"> Big Data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catalonia" title=" Catalonia"> Catalonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20tourism%20market" title=" Chinese tourism market"> Chinese tourism market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourists%E2%80%99%20behavior" title=" tourists’ behavior"> tourists’ behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131303/heritage-and-tourism-in-the-era-of-big-data-analysis-of-chinese-cultural-tourism-in-catalonia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Mediterranean Urbanism: Migration, Tourism and Public Space in the Mediterranean City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smoki%20Musaraj">Smoki Musaraj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Classic studies of the Mediterranean as a cultural and geographic unit of analysis have emphasized the theme of cosmopolitan urbanism as a key feature of the Mediterranean city. This paper explores the Mediterranean city today, considering continuities and ruptures from images of the Mediterranean of the past. The paper seeks to address the following questions: What are some defining characteristics of Mediterranean cities today? What are some of the shared challenges? The paper focuses on two interrelated themes: public space and tourism management. Several examples of protest and contestation in Mediterranean cities will be analyzed. These examples include cities where tourism presents opportunities and challenges to city planning and management; and where new private and public developments threaten the management of public space. The paper draws on ethnographic research in the city of Saranda, Albania, a small attractive tourist destination on the border with Greece, and Barcelona, Spain, a leading example of urban transformation and tourism massification. While different in size and popularity, both cities share some similar developments and contestations. In both cities, authorities have taken up different strategies to manage tourism and restore public space. The comparison will focus on social movements in the respective cities that target tourism and urban development in the name of preserving theirMediterraneaness. These examples are used to reflect more broadly on what are some features of the Mediterranean city today and how they can be preserved in the current climate of tourism expansion of urban development boom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediterranean" title="mediterranean">mediterranean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanism" title=" urbanism"> urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20space" title=" public space"> public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropology" title="anthropology">anthropology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20geography" title=" human geography"> human geography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152567/mediterranean-urbanism-migration-tourism-and-public-space-in-the-mediterranean-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> World’s Fair (EXPO) Induced Heritage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%C5%9F%C4%B1lay%20Tiarnagh%20Sheridan">Işılay Tiarnagh Sheridan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> World EXPO, short version for the “exposition”, is a large universal public exhibition held since 1851. Within the 164 years, it was organized 34 times in 22 cities and as a result it has given birth to its very own culture unlike most of other international events. It has an outstanding power in transforming the places, in which it is held, into trademarks via changes in their urban tissues. For that, it is widely remembered with its cities instead of its countries. Within the scope of this change, some constructions were planned to be temporary, some planned to be permanent and some were thought to be temporary but kept afterwards becoming important monuments such as the Crystal Palace of London (though it was destroyed later by a fire) and the Eiffel Tower of Paris. These examples are the most prominent names upon considering World EXPOs. Yet, there are so many other legacies of these events within modern city fabric today that we don’t usually associate with its Expo history. Some of them are leading figures not only for the housing city but for other cities also, such as the first Metro line of Paris during 1900 World EXPO; some of them are listed as monuments of the cities such as Saint Louis Art Museum of 1904 World EXPO; some of them, like Melbourne Royal Exhibition Building of 1880 World’s EXPO, are among UNESCO World Heritage Sites and some of them are the masterpieces of modern architecture such as the famous Barcelona Pavilion, German pavilion of the 1929 World’s EXPO, of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the history of World’s EXPO and its eventual results in the birth of its own cultural heritage. Upon organizing these results, the paper aims to create a brief list of EXPO heritage monuments and sites so as to form a database for their further conservation needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expo" title="expo">expo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%27s%20fair" title=" world's fair"> world's fair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legacy" title=" legacy"> legacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29762/worlds-fair-expo-induced-heritage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Ex Vivo Permeation Comparison Study of Flurbiprofen from Nanoparticles through Human Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheimah%20El%20Bejjaji">Sheimah El Bejjaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20Gorsek"> Lara Gorsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandler%20Quilchez"> Chandler Quilchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joaquim%20Su%C3%B1er"> Joaquim Suñer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mireia%20Mallandrich"> Mireia Mallandrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flurbiprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug used in several treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare the permeation of two different formulations of flurbiprofen through the human skin. The first formulation was a solution of flurbiprofen dissolved with polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350). The second formulation was flurbiprofen encapsulated in poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PɛCL) nanoparticles (NPs), stabilized with poloxamer 188, submitted individually for freeze-drying with PEG 3350 as a cryoprotectant and sterilized by gamma-irradiation. Human skin was obtained from the abdominal region of a healthy patient. The experimental protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Barcelona SCIAS Hospital (Spain), and they obtained the written informed consent forms. After being frozen to -20ºC, the skin samples were cut with a dermatome at 400 µm. The ex vivo permeation study was performed in Franz diffusion cells with a diffusion area of 2.54 cm². Skin samples were placed between two compartment sites, the dermal side in contact with the receptor medium and the epidermis side in contact with the donor chamber to which the formulation was applied. The permeation study was conducted for 24 hours at 32 ± 0.5 °C in accordance with sink conditions. The results were analyzed with an unpaired t-test, and the p-values indicate the formulation with nanoparticles had a higher permeability coefficient, flux, partition parameter, diffusion parameter, and lag time. The applicability of this formulation topically can benefit articulations and ligament inflammation as an alternative to oral drugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory%20drug" title="anti-inflammatory drug">anti-inflammatory drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flurbiprofen" title=" flurbiprofen"> flurbiprofen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20skin" title=" human skin"> human skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20permeation" title=" skin permeation"> skin permeation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166410/ex-vivo-permeation-comparison-study-of-flurbiprofen-from-nanoparticles-through-human-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Barcelona&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Barcelona&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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