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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Seçilmiş_yayınları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seçilmiş_yayınları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Seçilmiş yayınları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seçilmiş_yayınları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Konuyla ilgili yayınlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Sanger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 83 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="فردريك سانغر - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فردريك سانغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="فردريك سانجر - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فردريك سانجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Senger" title="Frederik Senger - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frederik Senger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنقر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فردریک سنقر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрэдэрык Сенгер - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэдэрык Сенгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сангър - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фредерик Сангър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ফ্রেডরিক স্যাঙ্গার - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেডরিক স্যাঙ্গার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Φρέντερικ Σάνγκερ - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρέντερικ Σάνγκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنگر - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریک سنگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0" title="ફેડ્રિક સેંગર - Güceratça" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફેડ્રિક સેંગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Güceratça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" title="פרדריק סנגר - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק סנגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="फ्रेड्रिक सैंगर - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रेड्रिक सैंगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆրեդերիկ Սանգեր - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեդերիկ Սանգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="フレデリック・サンガー - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・サンガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" title="프레더릭 생어 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레더릭 생어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сеңер - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фредерик Сеңер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericus_Sanger" title="Fridericus Sanger - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericus Sanger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiks_Sengers" title="Frederiks Sengers - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frederiks Sengers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BC" title="ഫ്രെഡറിക് സാങ്ങർ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രെഡറിക് സാങ്ങർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنگر - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فردریک سنگر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਫਰੈਡਰਿਕ ਸੇਂਜਰ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰੈਡਰਿਕ ਸੇਂਜਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فریڈرک سینگر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریڈرک سینگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сенгер, Фредерик - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сенгер, Фредерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сенгер - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фредерик Сенгер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сангер - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фредерик Сангер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரடெரிக் சேங்கர் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரடெரிக் சேங்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్రెడెరిక్ సాంజెర్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రెడెరిక్ సాంజెర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เฟรเดอริก แซงเงอร์ - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรเดอริก แซงเงอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D3%99%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сәңер - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фредерик Сәңер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерік Сенгер - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фредерік Сенгер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فریڈرک سنگر - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریڈرک سنگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗雷德里克·桑格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗雷德里克·桑格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="腓特烈桑格 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腓特烈桑格" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Frederick Sanger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Frederick_Sanger2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/220px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/330px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/440px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="1196" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Frederick Sanger</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">13 Ağustos 1918<br /><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngiltere" title="İngiltere">İngiltere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ölüm</th><td class="infobox-data">19 Kasım 2013 (95 yaşında)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngiltere" title="İngiltere">İngiltere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vatandaşlık</th><td class="infobox-data kategori"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Birleşik Krallık"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Eğitim</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ödüller</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">Nobel Kimya Ödülü</a> (1958)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">Nobel Kimya Ödülü</a> (1980)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Kariyeri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dalı</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Biyokimya" title="Biyokimya">Biyokimya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Çalıştığı kurumlar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology (sayfa mevcut değil)">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doktora_dan%C4%B1%C5%9Fman%C4%B1" title="Doktora danışmanı">Doktora<br />danışmanı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Neuberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Neuberger (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert Neuberger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doktora öğrencileri</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liz_Blackburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liz Blackburn (sayfa mevcut değil)">Liz Blackburn</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frederick Sanger,</b> (d. 13 Ağustos 1918, Rendcomb, <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a> - ö. 19 Kasım 2013, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizler" title="İngilizler">İngiliz</a> <a href="/wiki/Biyokimya" title="Biyokimya">biyokimyager</a>. 1958 ve 1980 yıllarında 2 kez <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">Nobel Kimya Ödülü</a> kazanmıştır. 1958 yılında "<a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteinlerin</a>, özellikle de <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ns%C3%BClin" title="İnsülin">insülinin</a> yapısı üzerine çalışmaları için" <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">Nobel Kimya Ödülü</a> kazanmıştır ve bu ödülü aynı kategoride 2 kez kazanan tek kişidir. 1980 yılında da "<a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCkleik_asit" title="Nükleik asit">nükleik asitlerdeki</a> baz dizilerinin belirlenmesiyle ilgili katkıları nedeniyle" <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> ile birlikte bu ödülü kazanmıştır. Aynı yıl ayrıca <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a>, "nükleik asitlerin, özellikle de <a href="/wiki/Rekombinant_DNA" title="Rekombinant DNA">rekombinant DNA</a>'nın biyokimyası üzerine temel çalışmaları için" ödülü kazanan diğer isim olmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sanger, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel Ödülü</a>'ne iki kez layık görülen sadece dört kişiden biridir. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel Ödülü</a>'nü iki kez kazanan diğer kişiler şunlardır: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (1903'te <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">fizik</a>, 1911'de <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">kimya</a>), <a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a> (1954'te <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">kimya</a>, 1962'de <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Barış Ödülü">barış</a>) ve <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a> (1956 ve 1972 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fizik_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Fizik Ödülü">fizik</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-NobelFacts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seçilmiş_yayınları"><span id="Se.C3.A7ilmi.C5.9F_yay.C4.B1nlar.C4.B1"></span>Seçilmiş yayınları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Seçilmiş yayınları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Seçilmiş yayınları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSangerTuppy1951a" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Tuppy, H. (1951a), "The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 1. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>49</b> (4), ss. 463-481, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197535">1197535</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14886310">14886310</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+phenylalanyl+chain+of+insulin.+1.+The+identification+of+lower+peptides+from+partial+hydrolysates&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=463-481&rft.date=1951&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1197535&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14886310&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Tuppy%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerTuppy1951b" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Tuppy, H. (1951b), "The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>49</b> (4), ss. 481-490, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197536">1197536</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14886311">14886311</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+phenylalanyl+chain+of+insulin.+2.+The+investigation+of+peptides+from+enzymic+hydrolysates&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=481-490&rft.date=1951&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1197536&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14886311&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Tuppy%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerThompson1953a" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Thompson, E.O.P. (1953a), "The amino-acid sequence in the glycyl chain of insulin. 1. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>53</b> (3), ss. 353-366, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1198157">1198157</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13032078">13032078</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical++Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+glycyl+chain+of+insulin.+1.+The+identification+of+lower+peptides+from+partial+hydrolysates&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-366&rft.date=1953&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1198157&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13032078&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E.O.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerThompson1953b" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Thompson, E.O.P. (1953b), "The amino-acid sequence in the glycyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>53</b> (3), ss. 366-374, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1198158">1198158</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13032079">13032079</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+glycyl+chain+of+insulin.+2.+The+investigation+of+peptides+from+enzymic+hydrolysates&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=366-374&rft.date=1953&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1198158&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13032079&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E.O.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerThompsonKitai1955" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Thompson, E.O.p.; Kitai, R. (1955), "The amide groups of insulin", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>59</b> (3), ss. 509-518, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216278">1216278</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14363129">14363129</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amide+groups+of+insulin&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=509-518&rft.date=1955&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1216278&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14363129&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E.O.p.&rft.au=Kitai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRyleSangerSmithKitai1955" class="kaynak">Ryle, A.P.; Sanger, F.; Smith, L.F.; Kitai, R. (1955), "The disulphide bonds of insulin", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>60</b> (4), ss. 541-556, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216151">1216151</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13249947">13249947</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+disulphide+bonds+of+insulin&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=541-556&rft.date=1955&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1216151&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13249947&rft.aulast=Ryle&rft.aufirst=A.P.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Smith%2C+L.F.&rft.au=Kitai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownSangerKitai1955" class="kaynak">Brown, H.; Sanger, F.; Kitai, R. (1955), "The structure of pig and sheep insulins", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>60</b> (4), ss. 556-565, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216152">1216152</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13249948">13249948</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+structure+of+pig+and+sheep+insulins&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=556-565&rft.date=1955&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1216152&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13249948&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Kitai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSanger1959" class="kaynak">Sanger, F. (1959), "Chemistry of Insulin: determination of the structure of insulin opens the way to greater understanding of life processes", <i>Science</i>, <b>129</b> (3359), ss. 1340-1344, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959Sci...129.1340G">1959Sci...129.1340G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.129.3359.1340">10.1126/science.129.3359.1340</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13658959">13658959</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Chemistry+of+Insulin%3A+determination+of+the+structure+of+insulin+opens+the+way+to+greater+understanding+of+life+processes&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=3359&rft.pages=1340-1344&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13658959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.129.3359.1340&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959Sci...129.1340G&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMilsteinSanger1961" class="kaynak">Milstein, C.; Sanger, F. (1961), "An amino acid sequence in the active centre of phosphoglucomutase", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>79</b> (3), ss. 456-469, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1205670">1205670</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13771000">13771000</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=An+amino+acid+sequence+in+the+active+centre+of+phosphoglucomutase&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=456-469&rft.date=1961&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1205670&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13771000&rft.aulast=Milstein&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarckerSanger1964" class="kaynak">Marcker, K.; Sanger, F. (1964), "<i>N</i>-formyl-methionyl-S-RNA", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>8</b> (6), ss. 835-840, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836%2864%2980164-9">10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80164-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14187409">14187409</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=N-formyl-methionyl-S-RNA&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=835-840&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2864%2980164-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14187409&rft.aulast=Marcker&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerBrownleeBarrell1965" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Brownlee, G.G.; Barrell, B.G. (1965), "A two-dimensional fractionation procedure for radioactive nucleotides", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>13</b> (2), ss. 373-398, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836%2865%2980104-8">10.1016/S0022-2836(65)80104-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5325727">5325727</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=A+two-dimensional+fractionation+procedure+for+radioactive+nucleotides&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=373-398&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2865%2980104-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5325727&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Brownlee%2C+G.G.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownleeSangerBarrell1967" class="kaynak">Brownlee, G.G.; Sanger, F.; Barrell, B.G. (1967), "Nucleotide sequence of 5S-ribosomal RNA from <i>Escherichia coli</i>", <i>Nature</i>, <b>215</b> (5102), ss. 735-736, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Natur.215..735B">1967Natur.215..735B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/215735a0">10.1038/215735a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4862513">4862513</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+5S-ribosomal+RNA+from+Escherichia+coli&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=5102&rft.pages=735-736&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4862513&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F215735a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1967Natur.215..735B&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=G.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownleeSanger1967" class="kaynak">Brownlee, G.G.; Sanger, F. (1967), "Nucleotide sequences from the low molecular weight ribosomal RNA of <i>Escherichia coli</i>", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>23</b> (3), ss. 337-353, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836%2867%2980109-8">10.1016/S0022-2836(67)80109-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4291728">4291728</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequences+from+the+low+molecular+weight+ribosomal+RNA+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=337-353&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2867%2980109-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4291728&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=G.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownleeSangerBarrell1968" class="kaynak">Brownlee, G.G.; Sanger, F.; Barrell, B.G. (1968), "The sequence of 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>34</b> (3), ss. 379-412, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836%2868%2990168-X">10.1016/0022-2836(68)90168-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4938553">4938553</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=The+sequence+of+5S+ribosomal+ribonucleic+acid&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=379-412&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2868%2990168-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4938553&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=G.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAdamsJeppesenSangerBarrell1969" class="kaynak">Adams, J.M.; Jeppesen, P.G.; Sanger, F.; Barrell, B.G. (1969), "Nucleotide sequence from the coat protein cistron of R17 bacteriophage RNA", <i>Nature</i>, <b>223</b> (5210), ss. 1009-1014, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Natur.223.1009A">1969Natur.223.1009A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/2231009a0">10.1038/2231009a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5811898">5811898</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+from+the+coat+protein+cistron+of+R17+bacteriophage+RNA&rft.volume=223&rft.issue=5210&rft.pages=1009-1014&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5811898&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F2231009a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969Natur.223.1009A&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft.au=Jeppesen%2C+P.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBarrellSanger1969" class="kaynak">Barrell, B.G.; Sanger, F. (1969), "The sequence of phenylalanine tRNA from <i>E. coli</i>", <i>FEBS Letters</i>, <b>3</b> (4), ss. 275-278, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793%2869%2980157-2">10.1016/0014-5793(69)80157-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11947028">11947028</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=The+sequence+of+phenylalanine+tRNA+from+E.+coli&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=275-278&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2869%2980157-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11947028&rft.aulast=Barrell&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJeppesenBarrellSangerCoulson1972" class="kaynak">Jeppesen, P.G.; Barrell, B.G.; Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1972), "Nucleotide sequences of two fragments from the coat-protein cistron of bacteriophage R17 ribonucleic acid", <i>Biochemical Journal</i>, <b>128</b> (5), ss. 993-1006, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1173988">1173988</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4566195">4566195</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequences+of+two+fragments+from+the+coat-protein+cistron+of+bacteriophage+R17+ribonucleic+acid&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=993-1006&rft.date=1972&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1173988&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4566195&rft.aulast=Jeppesen&rft.aufirst=P.G.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerDonelsonCoulsonKössel1973" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Donelson, J.E.; Coulson, A.R.; Kössel, H.; Fischer, D. (1973), "Use of DNA Polymerase I Primed by a Synthetic Oligonucleotide to Determine a Nucleotide Sequence in Phage f1 DNA", <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA</i>, <b>70</b> (4), ss. 1209-1213, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PNAS...70.1209S">1973PNAS...70.1209S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.70.4.1209">10.1073/pnas.70.4.1209</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433459">433459</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4577794">4577794</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+USA&rft.atitle=Use+of+DNA+Polymerase+I+Primed+by+a+Synthetic+Oligonucleotide+to+Determine+a+Nucleotide+Sequence+in+Phage+f1+DNA&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1209-1213&rft.date=1973&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC433459&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4577794&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.70.4.1209&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973PNAS...70.1209S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Donelson%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=K%C3%B6ssel%2C+H.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerCoulson1975" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1975), "A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>94</b> (3), ss. 441-448, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836%2875%2990213-2">10.1016/0022-2836(75)90213-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1100841">1100841</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=A+rapid+method+for+determining+sequences+in+DNA+by+primed+synthesis+with+DNA+polymerase&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=441-448&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2875%2990213-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1100841&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerNicklenCoulson1977" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Nicklen, S.; Coulson, A.R. (1977), "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors", <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA</i>, <b>74</b> (12), ss. 5463-5467, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PNAS...74.5463S">1977PNAS...74.5463S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463">10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC431765">431765</a> $2</span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/271968">271968</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+USA&rft.atitle=DNA+sequencing+with+chain-terminating+inhibitors&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=5463-5467&rft.date=1977&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC431765&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F271968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.74.12.5463&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977PNAS...74.5463S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Nicklen%2C+S.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. According to the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) database, by October 2010 this paper had been cited over 64,000 times.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerAirBarrellBrown1977" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Air, G.M.; Barrell, B.G.; Brown, N.L.; Coulson, A.R.; Fiddes, C.A.; Hutchinson, C.A.; Slocombe, P.M.; Smith, M. (1977), "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage φX174 DNA", <i>Nature</i>, <b>265</b> (5596), ss. 687-695, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977Natur.265..687S">1977Natur.265..687S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/265687a0">10.1038/265687a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/870828">870828</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+bacteriophage+%CF%86X174+DNA&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=5596&rft.pages=687-695&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F870828&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F265687a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977Natur.265..687S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Air%2C+G.M.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Brown%2C+N.L.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Fiddes%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Slocombe%2C+P.M.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerCoulson1978" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1978), "The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing", <i>FEBS Letters</i>, <b>87</b> (1), ss. 107-110, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793%2878%2980145-8">10.1016/0014-5793(78)80145-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/631324">631324</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=The+use+of+thin+acrylamide+gels+for+DNA+sequencing&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-110&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2878%2980145-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F631324&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerCoulsonBarrellSmith1980" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Barrell, B.G.; Smith, A.J.; Roe, B.A. (1980), "Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>143</b> (2), ss. 161-178, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836%2880%2990196-5">10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6260957">6260957</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+in+single-stranded+bacteriophage+as+an+aid+to+rapid+DNA+sequencing&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-178&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2880%2990196-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6260957&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Smith%2C+A.J.&rft.au=Roe%2C+B.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAndersonBankierBarrellDe_Bruijn1981" class="kaynak">Anderson, S.; Bankier, A.T.; Barrell, B.G.; De Bruijn, M.H.; Coulson, A.R.; Drouin, J.; Eperon, I.C.; Nierlich, D.P.; Roe, B.A. (1981), "Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome", <i>Nature</i>, <b>290</b> (5806), ss. 457-465, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981Natur.290..457A">1981Natur.290..457A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/290457a0">10.1038/290457a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7219534">7219534</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Sequence+and+organization+of+the+human+mitochondrial+genome&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=5806&rft.pages=457-465&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7219534&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F290457a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981Natur.290..457A&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Bankier%2C+A.T.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=De+Bruijn%2C+M.H.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Drouin%2C+J.&rft.au=Eperon%2C+I.C.&rft.au=Nierlich%2C+D.P.&rft.au=Roe%2C+B.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAndersonDe_BruijnCoulsonEperon1982" class="kaynak">Anderson, S.; De Bruijn, M.H.; Coulson, A.R.; Eperon, I.C.; Sanger, F.; Young, I.G. (1982), "Complete sequence of bovine mitochondrial DNA. Conserved features of the mammalian mitochondrial genome", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>156</b> (4), ss. 683-717, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836%2882%2990137-1">10.1016/0022-2836(82)90137-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7120390">7120390</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Complete+sequence+of+bovine+mitochondrial+DNA.+Conserved+features+of+the+mammalian+mitochondrial+genome&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=683-717&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2882%2990137-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7120390&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=De+Bruijn%2C+M.H.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Eperon%2C+I.C.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Young%2C+I.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerCoulsonHongHill1982" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D.F.; Petersen, G.B. (1982), "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage λ DNA", <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, <b>162</b> (4), ss. 729-773, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836%2882%2990546-0">10.1016/0022-2836(82)90546-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6221115">6221115</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+bacteriophage+%CE%BB+DNA&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=729-773&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2882%2990546-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6221115&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Hong%2C+G.F.&rft.au=Hill%2C+D.F.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+G.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSanger1988" class="kaynak">Sanger, F. (1988), "Sequences, sequences, and sequences", <i>Annual Review of Biochemistry</i>, cilt 57, ss. 1-28, <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.000245">10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.000245</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2460023">2460023</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Sequences%2C+sequences%2C+and+sequences&rft.volume=57&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.bi.57.070188.000245&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2460023&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522340/Frederick-Sanger">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a>. 22 Kasım 2012 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122164640/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/522340/Frederick-Sanger">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">9 Mart</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F522340%2FFrederick-Sanger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NobelFacts-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-NobelFacts_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nobel Laureates Facts</i>. Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html">Nobelprize.org/nobel ödülü vakaları</a> 2 Şubat 2007 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202025710/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html">arşivlendi</a>. Erişim tarihi 10.16.2008 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar"><span id="Konuyla_ilgili_yay.C4.B1nlar"></span>Konuyla ilgili yayınlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Konuyla ilgili yayınlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Konuyla ilgili yayınlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFFinch2008" class="kaynak">Finch, John (2008), <i>A Nobel Fellow on every floor: a history of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology</i>, Cambridge: Medical Research Council, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-84046-940-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-84046-940-0">978-1-84046-940-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nobel+Fellow+on+every+floor%3A+a+history+of+the+Medical+Research+Council+Laboratory+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Medical+Research+Council&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84046-940-0&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerDowding1996" class="kaynak">Sanger, F.; Dowding, M. (1996), <i>Selected Papers of Frederick Sanger: with commentaries</i>, Singapore: World Scientific, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/981-02-2430-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/981-02-2430-3">981-02-2430-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+of+Frederick+Sanger%3A+with+commentaries&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=981-02-2430-3&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Dowding%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Sanger&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanger.ac.uk/">The Sanger Institute</a> 8 Ocak 2021 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108184935/https://www.sanger.ac.uk/">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1958/">About the 1958 Nobel Prize</a>10 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010233646/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1958/">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/">About the 1980 Nobel Prize</a>22 Ekim 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022170839/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041026014225/http://www.vega.org.uk/series/facetoface/sanger/index.php">Fred Sanger</a> 2001 Video Documentary by The Vega Science Trust</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?search=ss&sText=Sanger&LinkID=mp06016">National Portrait Gallery</a> 25 Ekim 2008 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025115943/http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?search=ss&sText=Sanger&LinkID=mp06016">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/ancestors/sanger.htm">Frederick Sanger interviewed by Alan Macfarlane, 24th August 2007 (film)</a> 11 Nisan 2013 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411031029/http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/ancestors/sanger.htm">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><cite class="kaynak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/scientists/10603.shtml"><i>Interviews with Nobel Prize winning scientists: Dr Frederick Sanger</i></a>, British Broadcasting Corporation, c. 1985, 22 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922054450/http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/scientists/10603.shtml">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">9 Mart</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interviews+with+Nobel+Prize+winning+scientists%3A+Dr+Frederick+Sanger&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fscientists%2F10603.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Sanger" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. Interviewed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Wolpert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Wolpert (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lewis Wolpert</a>. Duration 1 hour.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_Kimya_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_Kimya_Ödülü_sahipleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü">Nobel Kimya Ödülü</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimya_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC_sahipleri_listesi" title="Nobel Kimya Ödülü sahipleri listesi">sahipleri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Richards" title="Theodore Richards">Theodore Richards</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a> (1915)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33633371">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a> (1918)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston">Francis Aston</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a> (1923)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> (1932)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Lavoslav Ružička</a> (1939)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artturi_Virtanen" title="Artturi Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sumner" title="James Sumner">James Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Stanley" title="Wendell Stanley">Wendell Stanley</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Synge" title="Richard Synge">Richard Synge</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Alexander Todd</a> (1957)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederick Sanger</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Leloir" title="Luis Leloir">Luis Leloir</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Christian Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">William Stein</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Peter Mitchell</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Herbert Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederick Sanger</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Merrifield" title="Bruce Merrifield">Bruce Merrifield</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Herschbach" title="Dudley Herschbach">Dudley Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Donald Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pedersen" title="Charles Pedersen">Charles Pedersen</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernst" title="Richard Ernst">Richard Ernst</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Rudolph Marcus</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(kimyager)" title="Michael Smith (kimyager)">Michael Smith</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Olah" title="George Olah">George Olah</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Paul Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" title="Sherwood Rowland">Sherwood Rowland</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harry Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Skou" title="Jens Skou">Jens Skou</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Alan Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Knowles" title="William Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">John Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Richard Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Roger Kornberg</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Tsien</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Richard Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_%C5%9Eehtman" title="Dan Şehtman">Dan Şehtman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">William Moerner</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernard_L._Feringa" title="Bernard L. Feringa">Bernard L. Feringa</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(kimyager)" title="George Smith (kimyager)">George Smith</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodenough" title="John Goodenough">John Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Whittingham" title="Stanley Whittingham">Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Morten Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Louis Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Yekimov" title="Aleksey Yekimov">Aleksey Yekimov</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Baker (sayfa mevcut değil)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Copley_Madalyası_sahipleri_(1951–2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1951-2000"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000" title="Şablon tartışma:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1951-2000"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Madalyası_sahipleri_(1951–2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1" title="Copley Madalyası">Copley Madalyası</a> sahipleri (1951–2000)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Keilin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Keilin (sayfa mevcut değil)">David Keilin</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kluyver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Kluyver (sayfa mevcut değil)">Albert Kluyver</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._T._Whittaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. T. Whittaker (sayfa mevcut değil)">E. T. Whittaker</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Howard Walter Florey</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (sayfa mevcut değil)">Paul Fildes</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman_(matematik%C3%A7i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (matematikçi) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sydney Chapman</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Pirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Pirie (sayfa mevcut değil)">Norman Pirie</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Nevill Mott</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" class="mw-redirect" title="W. V. D. Hodge">W. V. D. Hodge</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederick Sanger</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Peter Mitchell</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rudolf Peierls</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_Hill_(biyokimyac%C4%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin Hill (biyokimyacı) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Robin Hill</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Abd%C3%BCsselam" title="Muhammed Abdüsselam">Muhammed Abdüsselam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson">James D. Watson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Frank" title="Frederick Charles Frank">Frederick Charles Frank</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frank Fenner</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cottrell" title="Alan Cottrell">Alan Cottrell</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Huxley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Huxley (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hugh Huxley</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Lighthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Lighthill (sayfa mevcut değil)">James Lighthill</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_R._Battersby" title="Alan R. Battersby">Alan Battersby</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tam liste</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1731-1750" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1731-1750">1731–1750</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1751-1800" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1751-1800">1751–1800</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1801-1850" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1801-1850">1801–1850</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1851-1900" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1851-1900">1851–1900</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1901-1950" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1901-1950">1901–1950</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_1951-2000" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 1951-2000">1951–2000</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Copley_Madalyas%C4%B1_sahipleri_2001-2050" title="Şablon:Copley Madalyası sahipleri 2001-2050">2001–günümüz</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biyoloji_tarihi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Biyoloji_tarihi" title="Şablon:Biyoloji tarihi"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none 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navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirai_bilim_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirai bilim tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zirai bilim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatomi_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatomi tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyokimya_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyokimya tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Biyokimya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyoteknoloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyoteknoloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Biyoteknoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanik_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botanik tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Botanik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekoloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekoloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ekoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evrim_d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCncesinin_tarihi" title="Evrim düşüncesinin tarihi">Evrim düşüncesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetik_bilimi_tarihi" title="Genetik bilimi tarihi">Genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeoloji_tarihi" title="Jeoloji tarihi">Jeoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0mm%C3%BCnoloji_zaman_%C3%A7izelgesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İmmünoloji zaman çizelgesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">İmmünoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%B1p_tarihi" title="Tıp tarihi">Tıp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_organizmalar%C4%B1n_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model organizmaların tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Model organizmalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji_tarih%C3%A7esi" title="Moleküler biyoloji tarihçesi">Moleküler biyoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molek%C3%BCler_evrimin_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moleküler evrimin tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Moleküler evrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontoloji_tarihi" title="Paleontoloji tarihi">Paleontoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikoloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pikoloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pikoloji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitki_sistemati%C4%9Finin_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitki sistematiğinin tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bitki sistematiği</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA_biyolojisinin_tarih%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA biyolojisinin tarihçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">RNA biyolojisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zooloji_tarihi_(1859-g%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCz)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zooloji tarihi (1859-günümüz) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zooloji (1859-günümüz)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_%C3%B6ncesi_zooloji_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1859 öncesi zooloji tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zooloji (1859 öncesi)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:HomunculusLarge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The homunculus"><img alt="The homunculus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/60px-HomunculusLarge.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/90px-HomunculusLarge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/120px-HomunculusLarge.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enstitüler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology (sayfa mevcut değil)">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Biological_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Biological Laboratory (sayfa mevcut değil)">Marine Biological Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Max Planck Topluluğu">Max Planck Topluluğu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Pasteur Enstitüsü">Pasteur Enstitüsü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Rockefeller Üniversitesi">Rockefeller Üniversitesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rothamsted_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rothamsted Research (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rothamsted Research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stazione_Zoologica_Anton_Dohrn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woods_Hole_Oceanographic_Institution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (sayfa mevcut değil)">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teoriler,<br />kavramlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hastal%C4%B1k_yap%C4%B1c%C4%B1_mikrop_teorisi" title="Hastalık yapıcı mikrop teorisi">Hastalık yapıcı mikrop teorisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santral_dogma_(molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji)" title="Santral dogma (moleküler biyoloji)">Santral dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwinizm" title="Darwinizm">Darwinizm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_varl%C4%B1k_zinciri" title="Büyük varlık zinciri">Büyük varlık zinciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyolojik_organizasyon" title="Biyolojik organizasyon">Yaşam hiyerarşisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamarkizm" title="Lamarkizm">Lamarkizm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_gen_bir_enzim_hipotezi" title="Bir gen bir enzim hipotezi">Bir gen bir enzim hipotezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eobiont" title="Eobiont">Eobiont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_d%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1_hipotezi" title="RNA dünyası hipotezi">RNA dünyası hipotezi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dizi_hipotezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dizi hipotezi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dizi hipotezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendili%C4%9Finden_olu%C5%9Fum" title="Kendiliğinden oluşum">Kendiliğinden oluşum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miazma_teorisi" title="Miazma teorisi">Miazma teorisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tarihî</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Klasik_Antik_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Klasik Antik Çağ">Klasik<br />Antik Çağ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristoteles%27in_biyolojisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristoteles'in biyolojisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Aristoteles'in biyolojisi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cretim_ve_Yolsuzluk_%C3%9Czerine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üretim ve Yolsuzluk Üzerine (sayfa mevcut değil)">Üretim ve Yolsuzluk Üzerine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayvanlar%C4%B1n_Tarihi_%C3%9Czerine" title="Hayvanların Tarihi Üzerine">Historia animalium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theofrastos" title="Theofrastos">Teofrastus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Plantarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia Plantarum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Historia Plantarum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedanios_Dioskurides" title="Pedanios Dioskurides">Dioskorides Pedanius</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_materia_medica" title="De materia medica">De materia medica</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6nesans" title="Rönesans">Rönesans</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Yeni_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Yeni Çağ">Yeni Çağ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gessner" title="Conrad Gessner">Conrad Gessner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiae_animalium_(Gessner)" title="Historiae animalium (Gessner)"><i>Historia animalium</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius" title="Andreas Vesalius">Andreas Vesalius</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Humani_Corporis_Fabrica_Libri_Septem" title="De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem">De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exercitatio_Anatomica_de_Motu_Cordis_et_Sanguinis_in_Animalibus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (sayfa mevcut değil)">De Motu Cordis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_Ruysch" title="Frederik Ruysch">Frederik Ruysch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Jan Swammerdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regnier_de_Graaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regnier de Graaf (sayfa mevcut değil)">Regnier de Graaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Micrographia" title="Micrographia">Micrographia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Redi" title="Francesco Redi">Francesco Redi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evrim" title="Evrim">Evrim</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19.<br />yüzyıl</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc">Georges-Louis Leclerc</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_Naturelle" title="Histoire Naturelle">Histoire Naturelle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Lamarck</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophie_Zoologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophie Zoologique (sayfa mevcut değil)">Philosophie Zoologique</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principles_of_Geology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principles of Geology (sayfa mevcut değil)">Principles of Geology</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrlerin_K%C3%B6keni" title="Türlerin Kökeni">Türlerin Kökeni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsan%C4%B1n_T%C3%BCreyi%C5%9Fi" title="İnsanın Türeyişi">İnsanın Türeyişi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walter_Bates" title="Henry Walter Bates">Henry Walter Bates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_evrimsel_sentez" title="Modern evrimsel sentez">Modern<br />sentez</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">William Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetics_and_the_Origin_of_Species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetics and the Origin of Species (sayfa mevcut değil)">Genetics and the Origin of Species</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R. A. Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E.B._Ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E.B. Ford (sayfa mevcut değil)">E.B. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries" title="Hugo de Vries">Hugo de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Günümüz</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Hamilton" title="William Donald Hamilton">William Donald Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Oparin" title="Aleksandr Oparin">Aleksandr Oparin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Williams_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Williams (biologist) (sayfa mevcut değil)">George C. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiyoloji" title="Mikrobiyoloji">Mikrobiyoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Cohn" title="Ferdinand Cohn">Ferdinand Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_d%27Herelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix d'Herelle (sayfa mevcut değil)">Felix d'Herelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Beijerinck" title="Martinus Beijerinck">Martinus Beijerinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Winogradsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Winogradsky (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sergei Winogradsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geli%C5%9Fim_biyolojisi" title="Gelişim biyolojisi">Gelişim biyolojisi</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Evrimsel_geli%C5%9Fim_biyolojisi" title="Evrimsel gelişim biyolojisi">evrimsel gelişim</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_von_Baer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ernst von Baer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Karl Ernst von Baer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_de_Beer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gavin de Beer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gavin de Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sean_B._Carroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sean B. Carroll (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sean B. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_F._Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott F. Gilbert (sayfa mevcut değil)">Scott F. Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gehring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Gehring (sayfa mevcut değil)">Walter Gehring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Beecher_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Beecher Wilson (sayfa mevcut değil)">E. B. Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genetik" title="Genetik">Genetik</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji" title="Moleküler biyoloji">Moleküler<br />biyoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deneyler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffith_Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griffith Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Griffith</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luria-Delbr%C3%BCck_deneyi" title="Luria-Delbrück deneyi">Luria-Delbrück</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avery-MacLeod-McCarty_deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avery-MacLeod-McCarty deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Avery-MacLeod-McCarty</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller-Urey_deneyi" title="Miller-Urey deneyi">Miller-Urey</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershey-Chase_deneyi" title="Hershey-Chase deneyi">Hershey-Chase</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meselson-Stahl_deneyi" title="Meselson-Stahl deneyi">Meselson-Stahl</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crick,_Brenner_et_al._Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crick, Brenner et al. Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Crick, Brenner et al.</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirenberg_ve_Matthaei_Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirenberg ve Matthaei Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nirenberg-Matthaei</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirenberg_ve_Leder_Deneyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirenberg ve Leder Deneyi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Nirenberg-Leder</a> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kişiler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Beadle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Benzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seymour Benzer (sayfa mevcut değil)">Seymour Benzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photo_51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photo 51 (sayfa mevcut değil)">Photo 51</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson">James Dewey Watson</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_Structure_of_Nucleic_Acids:_A_Structure_for_Deoxyribose_Nucleic_Acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (sayfa mevcut değil)">Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sickle_Cell_Anemia,_a_Molecular_Disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fred Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekoloji" title="Ekoloji">Ekoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Clements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Clements (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frederic Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Sutherland_Elton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Sutherland Elton (sayfa mevcut değil)">Charles Elton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Gleason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Gleason (sayfa mevcut değil)">Henry Gleason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Tansley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Tansley (sayfa mevcut değil)">Arthur Tansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_Warming" title="Eugenius Warming">Eugenius Warming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Etoloji" title="Etoloji">Etoloji</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_de_Waal" title="Frans de Waal">Frans de Waal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0van_Pavlov" title="İvan Pavlov">İvan Pavlov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">İlgili konular</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilim_tarihi" title="Bilim tarihi">Bilim tarihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyoloji_felsefesi" title="Biyoloji felsefesi">Biyoloji felsefesi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biyolojide_teleoloji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biyolojide teleoloji (sayfa mevcut değil)">Teleoloji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnobotanik" title="Etnobotanik">Etnobotanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96jenik" title="Öjenik">Öjenik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarat%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F-evrim_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaratılış-evrim tartışmasının tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yaratılış-evrim tartışmasının tarihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsan_Genom_Projesi" title="İnsan Genom Projesi">İnsan Genom Projesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humboldt%C3%A7u_bilim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humboldtçu bilim (sayfa mevcut 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