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field--name-field-image field__item"> <img width="800" height="445" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/800x445/public/2024-10/23.24_0.PNG?itok=PJCGjZHp" /> </div> </div> <div class="block block-author"> <div class="author-info clearfix"><strong>17 11 2024</strong> | <span>08:37</span><span class="author"><a href="/el/author/graham-readfearn-guardian" hreflang="el">Graham Readfearn / THE GUARDIAN</a></span><span class="author-social"><ul><li><a class="icon icon-mail" href="mailto:?&Subject=Bill Maher puts the fate of the Great Barrier Reef in the spotlight – but something’s missing from the soundbites"></a></li><li><a class="icon icon-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.e-mc2.gr/el/news/bill-maher-puts-fate-great-barrier-reef-spotlight-somethings-missing-soundbites"></a></li><li><a class="icon icon-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.e-mc2.gr/el/news/bill-maher-puts-fate-great-barrier-reef-spotlight-somethings-missing-soundbites"></a></li><li><a class="icon icon-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/home?status=https://www.e-mc2.gr/el/news/bill-maher-puts-fate-great-barrier-reef-spotlight-somethings-missing-soundbites Bill Maher puts the fate of the Great Barrier Reef in the spotlight – but something’s missing from the soundbites"></a></li></ul></span></div> </div> <div class="block block-entity-fieldnodebody"> <div class="field field--name-body field__item"><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The Danish political scientist Bjorn Lomborg has told the US cable host its biggest threat is not the climate crisis, but do his claims stack up?</span></p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span class="dcr-15rw6c2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 7rem; line-height: 5.75rem; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: text-top; float: left; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--drop-cap);">I</span>nstead of<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/01/climate-endgame-risk-human-extinction-scientists-global-heating-catastrophe" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">an existential crisis</a><span> </span>for species worldwide, or threatening to<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/a-crisis-entirely-of-humanitys-making-un-chief-issues-climate-sos-on-trip-to-pacific" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">submerge entire Pacific nations</a><span> </span>and coastal cities where hundreds of millions of people live, or a phenomenon driving<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jul/25/deadly-global-heatwaves-undeniably-result-of-climate-crisis-scientists-attribution" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">unprecedented heatwaves</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/24/climate-crisis-driving-exponential-rise-in-most-extreme-wildfires" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">wildfires</a>, the climate crisis was characterised somewhat differently on the major US cable show Real Time with Bill Maher.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Climate change was “a problem”, the Danish political scientist Bjorn Lomborg told the comedian, but would only shave a few percentage points off global GDP by the end of the century and in any case, he said, by then people would be much richer anyway.</p> <div id="sign-in-gate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: medium; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><gu-island data-island-status="hydrated" deferuntil="visible" name="SignInGateSelector" priority="feature" props="{"contentType":"Article","sectionId":"environment","tags":[{"id":"environment/series/temperature-check","type":"Series","title":"Temperature Check"},{"id":"environment/climate-crisis","type":"Keyword","title":"Climate 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style="box-sizing: border-box;"></gu-island></div> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Was climate change a problem for the Great Barrier Reef? Lomborg pushed that aside too, saying pollution or overfishing were the reef’s real challenges. (<a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/aug/08/great-barrier-reef-ocean-temperatures-hottest-record" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">They’re not</a>.)</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">While these are not new statements from Lomborg, longtime contrarian of the risks of the climate crisis, the audience’s applause suggested they went down well.</span></p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">But what’s missing from his soundbites?</p> <h2 class="dcr-12pc8kk" id="three-degrees" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 2px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 3px; color: var(--subheading-text); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Three degrees</h2> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">About 700,000 people watch Maher’s show on HBO each week.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">A<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://youtu.be/mJGWowZSS1I" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">clip of Lomborg’s appearance on YouTube</a>, shared by the conservative commentator Dave Rubin, has been viewed more than 1.7m times (Rubin incorrectly described Lomborg as a climatologist – he is actually a political scientist and a director of a thinktank).</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In the clip, Lomborg said two climate economists, including the Nobel-winner William Nordhaus, had come to similar conclusions this year: that if the planet warmed by 3C by the end of the century, the effect on global GDP would be just two or three percentage points.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Nordhaus and others use what are known as Integrated Assessment Models. Peter Howard, a leading climate economist at New York University who researches IAMs, says “the devil is really in the details”.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Howard says the models don’t account for some effects, including so-called “tipping points”, and have large uncertainties associated with them.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“Some well-respected economists question if we can even accurately estimate climate damage,” he said in an email, pointing to<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1093/reep/rew012?journalCode=reep" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">one commentary</a><span> </span>branding IAMs as “close to useless”.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">He said Lomborg’s framing as presented in the clip was “incorrect and misleading” because it “ignores significant potential risks of climate change due to uncertainty in the physical and social sciences”.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Given that Lomborg cites Nordhaus, it is worth asking what the Yale University professor thinks about the climate emergency.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In an<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/aer.109.6.1991" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">article published in 2019,</a><span> </span>the year after he won the Nobel, Nordhaus wrote that global heating “menaces our planet and looms over our future like a Colossus” and was “a major threat to humans and the natural world”.</p> <h2 class="dcr-12pc8kk" id="a-different-perspective" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 2px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 3px; color: var(--subheading-text); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">‘A different perspective’</h2> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This year Nordhaus released results from an<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/2024-03/barrage-nordhaus-2024-policies-projections-and-the-social-cost-of-carbon-results-from-the-dice-2023-model.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">update to his model</a>.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">He wrote that the “most important single economic concept in the economics of climate change is the social cost of carbon” – the amount that each tonne of CO2 costs the economy now, and in the future.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Howard said the SCC calculations from Nordhaus’s modelling could “give a different perspective” on the costs of emitting greenhouse gases than a reference to GDP.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">For example, Howard said Nordhaus’s results suggested greenhouse gas emissions from 2020 would cause between US$4tn and US$5tn of damage over the course of their lifetime.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“It is unsurprising given these dollar totals that a standard finding in economics is that it makes economic sense to decrease greenhouse gas emissions in order to reduce these costs of climate change,” Howard added.</p> <h2 class="dcr-12pc8kk" id="the-great-barrier-reef" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 2px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 3px; color: var(--subheading-text); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The Great Barrier Reef</h2> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Lomborg regaled Maher with data he said showed the amount of coral on the<span> </span><a data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/great-barrier-reef" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">Great Barrier Reef</a><span> </span>“has been at the highest level” since records started in 1986, and had recovered from low levels seen five years ago.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">He did not mention the reef had just been through probably its<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/may/01/great-barrier-reef-coral-bleaching-crisis" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">worst mass coral bleaching event on record</a>.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The data cited by Lomborg was taken from underwater surveys carried out by the Australian Institute of Marine Science.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">But the latest data from those surveys, Aims said this week, was “conducted before and during the recent mass bleaching event,<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/17/great-barrier-reef-extreme-coral-bleaching" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">one of the most serious and extensive on record</a>”.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Mass coral bleaching is caused by rising ocean heat, driven mostly by the burning of fossil fuels.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Bleached coral was still counted as alive, Aims said, and “as such, the most recent coral cover result did not capture how many corals survived or died following the 2024 bleaching”.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The increase in coral cover over the reef has been driven by fast-growing corals that are the most susceptible to heat stress.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Aims said the high levels of coral cover was “due in part to a period between 2018 and 2022 that was relatively free of disturbance events that cause widespread coral mortality on the reef”.</p> <h2 class="dcr-12pc8kk" id="the-greatest-threat-to-coral" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 2px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 3px; color: var(--subheading-text); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The greatest threat to coral?</h2> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Lomborg claimed most of the challenge for the reef “comes from overfishing, from industrial pollution from sea runoff”, saying: “Those are the kinds of things that we should fix, but we’re not being well informed if we’re being told this is because of climate change.”</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">His view, that the climate crisis is not the biggest threat to coral reefs everywhere, is shared by almost nobody actually researching the issue.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Aims said: “Climate change remains the biggest threat by some margin. The challenge facing the Great Barrier Reef and coral reefs globally is existential because of climate change.”</p> <h2 class="dcr-12pc8kk" id="reefs-not-doing-better" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 2px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 3px; color: var(--subheading-text); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Reefs not ‘doing better’</h2> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Maher asked Lomborg why coral reefs “are doing better in the last three years … it’s not like we did anything”.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“I don’t know,” Lomborg responded.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Perhaps the answer is that coral reefs are not “doing better” in the last three years.</span></p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Not mentioned by Lomborg or Maher was that the world’s coral reefs have just experienced the most widespread heat stress event on record, driven by record ocean temperatures around the world – with<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/30/as-record-heat-risks-bleaching-73-of-the-worlds-coral-reefs-scientists-ask-what-do-we-do-now" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">more than 70% hit by bleaching</a>.</p> <h2 class="dcr-12pc8kk" id="what-would-3c-actually-mean" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 2px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 300; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.15; font-family: "GH Guardian Headline", "Guardian Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 3px; color: var(--subheading-text); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">What would 3C actually mean?</h2> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In the clip, Lomborg didn’t talk about the risks of allowing the planet to warm by 3C. Considering global heating of just over 1C has likely pushed the planet to its hottest levels for at least 100,000 years,<span> </span><a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/11/brutal-heatwaves-submerged-cities-what-3c-world-would-look-like" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--article-link-border); border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: var(--article-link-text);">getting to 3C</a><span> </span>would push human civilisation well past anything it had experienced before.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Prof Mark Howden, director of the Institute for Climate, Energy & Disaster Solutions at the Australian National University, has been involved in several UN climate change assessments. He said at 3C, heat stress would be “many times worse” affecting human physical and mental health, increasing the risks of food insecurity and malnutrition, threatening many species with extinction, pushing up rainfall intensity and flood risk, and increasing sea levels that could result in the displacement of 400 million people.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“The world at 3C would be a poorer and riskier place, with inhabitants having diminished lives and livelihoods,” Howden said.</p> <p class="dcr-1n1orvu" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.4; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); overflow-wrap: break-word; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“The list could go on and on. More and more economic analyses show the net costs of climate change and associated impacts are far higher than the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In other words, the most rational and just pathway ahead is to reduce our emissions rapidly, substantially and persistently.”</p> <p> </p> <p>Cover photo: By The Guardian</p> <p><img alt="f" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b40662e8-44ca-4caf-9420-c4a2913b556b" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/the%20guardian_468.jpg" /></p> <figure class="dcr-173mewl" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" id="98671775-2142-4347-a17d-871ec11a3cae" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 12px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: medium; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <div class="dcr-1t8m8f2" id="img-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;"><source media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eafda8b395f194737b7206feb6d28ad33cc5c0c0/0_0_4928_3280/master/4928.jpg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></source><source media="(min-width: 660px)" srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eafda8b395f194737b7206feb6d28ad33cc5c0c0/0_0_4928_3280/master/4928.jpg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></source><source media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eafda8b395f194737b7206feb6d28ad33cc5c0c0/0_0_4928_3280/master/4928.jpg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></source><source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eafda8b395f194737b7206feb6d28ad33cc5c0c0/0_0_4928_3280/master/4928.jpg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eafda8b395f194737b7206feb6d28ad33cc5c0c0/0_0_4928_3280/master/4928.jpg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></source><source media="(min-width: 320px)" srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/eafda8b395f194737b7206feb6d28ad33cc5c0c0/0_0_4928_3280/master/4928.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></source></picture></div> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views-blockrelated-artices-block-1"> <h2>Σχετικά Άρθρα</h2> <div><div class="row js-view-dom-id-a152f3aa361760016f98bc2ca40cf83dc4fce810f5296a4cfc31ace5f3418239"> <div class="col views-row"><div class="teaser-image has-overlay"><div class="teaser-image-overlay"> <a href="/news/coastal-communities-living-barriers-mangroves-and-coral-reefs-could-soon-collapse-due-climate" hreflang="und"><img width="255" height="140" alt="" typeof="Image" 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