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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ژوند_لیک" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ژوند_لیک"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>ژوند لیک</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ژوند_لیک-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ژوند لیک subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ژوند_لیک-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-د_ژوندانه_پیل_او_زده_کړې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_ژوندانه_پیل_او_زده_کړې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱.۱</span> <span>د ژوندانه پیل او زده کړې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_ژوندانه_پیل_او_زده_کړې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_ډاروین_د_تکاملي_نظریې_پیل" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_ډاروین_د_تکاملي_نظریې_پیل"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱.۲</span> <span>د ډاروین د تکاملي نظریې پیل</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_ډاروین_د_تکاملي_نظریې_پیل-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_ډاروین_مړینه_او_د_خښولو_مراسم" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_ډاروین_مړینه_او_د_خښولو_مراسم"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱.۳</span> <span>د ډاروین مړینه او د خښولو مراسم</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_ډاروین_مړینه_او_د_خښولو_مراسم-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچينې_او_ياداښتونه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچينې_او_ياداښتونه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>سرچينې او ياداښتونه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچينې_او_ياداښتونه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">چارلس ډاروین</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۲۰۰ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-200" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۲۰۰ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سویس جرمن" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="سویس جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%95" title="ቻርልስ ዳርዊን – امهاري" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻርልስ ዳርዊን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="امهاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – اراگونېسي" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونېسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – انگيکي" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="انگيکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="চাৰ্লছ ডাৰউইন – اسامي" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাৰ্লছ ডাৰউইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="اسامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – اوادي" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="اوادي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ایماري" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ایماري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arlz_Darvin" title="Çarlz Darvin – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çarlz Darvin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – باشکير" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکير" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – بالنی" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="بالنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Carlzos_Darv%C4%97ns" title="Čarlzos Darvėns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čarlzos Darvėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – بسلاما" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="بسلاما" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="চার্লস ডারউইন – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চার্লস ডারউইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – برېتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برېتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – بوسني" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Darwin" title="Charles Robert Darwin – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Robert Darwin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарльз – چيچني" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дарвин, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="چيچني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارڵز داروین – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چارڵز داروین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کورسيکاني" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="کورسيکاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arlz_Darvin" title="Çarlz Darvin – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çarlz Darvin" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин Чарльз – چوواشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дарвин Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ويلشي" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κάρολος Δαρβίνος – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολος Δαρβίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwini_Charles" title="Darwini Charles – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Darwini Charles" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – فاروئې" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="فاروئې" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – شمالي فریسیان" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="شمالي فریسیان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – فرائیلیین" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="فرائیلیین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – لوېديځ فريشي" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="لوېديځ فريشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="達爾文 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="達爾文" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سکاټلېنډي ګېلک" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="سکاټلېنډي ګېلک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ګوراني" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ګوراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="ચાર્લ્સ ડાર્વિન – ګجراتي" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચાર્લ્સ ડાર્વિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ګجراتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – مینکس" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="مینکس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – هوسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="هوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צ'ארלס דרווין – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארלס דרווין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – هيټي کريول" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="هيټي کريول" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Չարլզ Դարվին – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարլզ Դարվին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Չարլզ Տարուին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չարլզ Տարուին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – انټرلنګوا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انټرلنګوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – آسا نا جبة" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="آسا نا جبة" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – الوکو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="الوکو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – اڊو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="اڊو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="チャールズ・ダーウィン – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャールズ・ダーウィン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/carl._daruin." title="carl. daruin. – لوجبان" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="carl. daruin." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="لوجبان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – جاوايي" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاوايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ დარვინი – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩარლზ დარვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کیبیل" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="کیبیل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9F_%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="ឆាលែស ដាវីន – خمر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាលែស ដាវីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್ – کناډا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="کناډا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%88" title="찰스 다윈 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="찰스 다윈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈارون – کشمیري" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="چارلس ڈارون" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="کشمیري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کورنيشي" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="کورنيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – کرغيزي" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغيزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Darwin" title="Carolus Darwin – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Darwin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – لاډینو" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="لاډینو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – لوګزامبورګي" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوګزامبورګي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – لیګغیان" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="لیګغیان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – لمبرگیانی" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگیانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – لومبارډ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="لومبارډ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%81rlzs_Darvins" title="Čārlzs Darvins – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čārlzs Darvins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – مایتھلي" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="مایتھلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ملغاسي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملغاسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – مينيگاباو" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="مينيگاباو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Дарвин – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чарлс Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – منګولیایی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منګولیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – مالټايي" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="مالټايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – مرانديز" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="مرانديز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ချားလ်စ် ဒါဝင် – برمایی" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချားလ်စ် ဒါဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – ارزيا" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ارزيا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – مزاندراني" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="مزاندراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کښته آلماني" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="کښته آلماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – نېپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نېپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – نياس" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="نياس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – شمالي سوتو" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="شمالي سوتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – اوکسيټاني" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسيټاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚାର୍ଲସ ଡାରଉଇନ – اوڊيا" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚାର୍ଲସ ଡାରଉଇନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="اوڊيا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарльз – اوسيټک" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дарвин, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="اوسيټک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਡਾਰਵਿਨ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਡਾਰਵਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – پمپانگا" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="پمپانگا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈارون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارلس ڈارون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – کېچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کېچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – رومانیش" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="رومانیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – اروماني" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="اروماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарлз – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарвин, Чарлз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="चार्ल्स् डार्विन् – سنسکریټ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चार्ल्स् डार्विन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسکریټ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – سخا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="سخا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ – سنتالي" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="سنتالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سارڊيني" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="سارڊيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سیلیسي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیلیسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سکاټس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="سکاټس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڊارون – سندهي" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چارلس ڊارون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="سندهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcarl%E1%BA%93_Darwin" title="Tcarlẓ Darwin – تاکلهیټ" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tcarlẓ Darwin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="تاکلهیټ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="චාල්ස් ඩාවින් – سينهالي" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චාල්ස් ඩාවින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سينهالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ټاکلې ليکنې"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arls_Darvin" title="Çarls Darvin – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çarls Darvin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Дарвин – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чарлс Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سوډاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوډاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – سواهېلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهېلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cals.talun" title="Cals.talun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cals.talun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சார்லசு டார்வின் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சார்லசு டார்வின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="చార్లెస్ డార్విన్ – تېليګو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చార్లెస్ డార్విన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تېليګو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – تاجکي" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carls_Darvin" title="Carls Darvin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Carls Darvin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86" title="دارۋىن – اويغوري" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دارۋىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="اويغوري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈاروین – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چارلس ڈاروین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – اوزبکي" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اوزبکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvin_%C4%8Carl%27z" title="Darvin Čarl'z – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Darvin Čarl'z" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – والاپوک" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="والاپوک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – والون" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="والون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ولوف" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ولوف" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="查尔斯·达尔文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ დარვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩარლზ დარვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="טשארלס דארווין – يديش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשארלס דארווין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يديش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%9B%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%A3_%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴷⴰⵔⵡⵉⵏ – معياري مراکشي تمازيټ" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴷⴰⵔⵡⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="معياري مراکشي تمازيټ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查尔斯·达尔文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查爾斯·達爾文 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="查爾斯·達爾文" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查理斯·達爾文 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="查理斯·達爾文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="د مخ مېنځپانگه کتل [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مخ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="د مخ د مېنځپانگې په اړه خبرې اترې (تر اوسه پورې نه شته) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">پښتو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="کتنې"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=history" title="د دې مخ پخوانۍ بڼې [h]" accesskey="h"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارونه" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اوزارونه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=history"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:WhatLinksHere/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="د ويکي د ټولو هغو مخونو لړليک چې همدې مخ سره تړنې لري [j]" accesskey="j"><span>د دې مخ تړنې</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ټولو ځانگړو پاڼو لړليک [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ځانگړي مخونه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&oldid=272945" title="د دې مخ د همدې بڼې تلپاتې تړنه"><span>تلپاتې تړنه</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=info" title="د دې مخ اړونده نور مالومات"><span>د مخ مالومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9&page=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&id=272945&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="دې مخ ته د اخځ مالومات"><span>د دې مخ اخځ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25DA%2589%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2586"><span>لنډ URL ترلاسه کړئ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25DA%2589%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2586"><span>د QR کوډ يې ډاونلوډ کړئ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپول/صادرول </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86"><span>يو کتاب جوړول</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:DownloadAsPdf&page=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=show-download-screen"><span>د PDF په بڼه ښکته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&printable=yes" title="د دې مخ چاپي بڼه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چاپي بڼه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> په نورو پروژو کې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيمېډيا کامنز</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Darwin" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيډولونه</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/350px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="461" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/525px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/700px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="3119" /></a><figcaption>چارلز رابرټ ډاروین (۱۸۰۹ فبرورۍ ۱۲ د ۱۸۸۲ اپریل ۱۹)</figcaption></figure> <p>چارلز رابرټ ډاروین (۱۸۰۹ فبرورۍ ۱۲ د ۱۸۸۲ اپریل ۱۹) انګریزې طبیعت پېژندونکي، جیولوژیست (ځمک پوه) او بیالوژیست ؤ چې تر ډېره د تکامل په علم کې د خپل رول له مخې پېژندل کېږي. نوموړي دغه نظریه مطرح کړه چې ټول ژوندي موجودات د ګډ نسب لرونکي دي. هغه نظریه چې اوس د پوهانو له خوا منل شوې او د علم یو له اساسي مفاهیمو ګڼل کېږي. نوموړي له الفرد راسل والاسي (Alfred Russel Wallace) سره په ګډه مقاله کې خپله علمي نظریه مطرح کړې چې د تکامل دغه پړاو د طبیعي انتخاب په نوم د هغه بهیر د پایلو له مخې دی چې په کې د بقا لپاره هڅې د انتخابي پالنې په ګډون د هغو په طبیعي انتخاب ورته اغېز لري.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larson79-111_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larson79-111-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Westminster_Abbey_CD_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westminster_Abbey_CD-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ډاروین د بشري تاریخ په کچه ډېره اغېزمنه څېره ګڼل کېږي، چا چې د دې ویاړ درلود چې جسد یې په ویست مینستر کلیسا کې خښ شي. </p><p>ډاروین په ۱۸۵۹ ز کال کې د On the Origin of Species په نوم کتاب خپور کړ چې د تکامل نظریه یې په کې له قانع کوونکو شواهدو سره تشریح کړې وې. د ډاروین دغه علمي کشف دې سربېره چې د ژوندانه ټول علوم یو له بل سره نښلوي، په ژوند کې بدلونونه هم توضیح کوي<i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JvW_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JvW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b3847_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b3847-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ژوند_لیک"><span id=".DA.98.D9.88.D9.86.D8.AF_.D9.84.DB.8C.DA.A9"></span>ژوند لیک</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: ژوند لیک"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_ژوندانه_پیل_او_زده_کړې"><span id=".D8.AF_.DA.98.D9.88.D9.86.D8.AF.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.87_.D9.BE.DB.8C.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.B2.D8.AF.D9.87_.DA.A9.DA.93.DB.90"></span>د ژوندانه پیل او زده کړې</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: د ژوندانه پیل او زده کړې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>چارلز رابرټ ډاروین د ۱۸۰۹ کال د فبروري میاشتې په ۱۲ مه د انګلستان د شروپ شیر ښار په شروزبري سیمه کې په خپل کور مونټ کې وزېږېد. هغه په بډایه ټولنه کې د یو ډاکټر او یوه مالي افسر رابرټ ډاروین او سوسانا ډاروین له شپږو اولادونو پینځم زوی و. د هغه دواړه نیکونه اراسموس ډاروین او جوسیا وجوود، د غلامۍ پر ضد له فعالو مبارزینو څخه وو.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>دواړه کورنۍ تر ډېرې اندازې یونیتارین عیسوي وې. له دې سره چې وجوودانو په خپل منځ کې انګلیکانانو ته هم ځای ورکړی وو. رابرټ ډاروین چې خپله نسبتاً ازاد خیاله ؤ، خپل ماشوم چارلز ته یې د ۱۸۰۹ کال په نوامبر میاشت د شریسبوري په سنټ چاډ کلیسا کې د تعمید غسل ورکړ، خو چارلز او د هغه خویندو او وروڼو یې له خپلې مور سره یو ځای یونیتارین کلیسا ته تلل. اته کلن چارلز مخکې له دې چې په ۱۸۱۷ کال کې هغه ښوونځي ته چې د کلیسا د وعظ کوونکي له خوا اداره کېده ولاړ شي، له طبیعي تاریخ او د هغو په اړه د معلوماتو له راغونډلو سره یې لیوالتیا لرله. د هماغه کال په جولای کې یې مور مړه شوه. د ۱۸۱۸ کال له سپتمبر میاشتې وروسته هغه نور له خپل مشر ورور اراسموس سره په ګاونډي ښار شروزبري کې انګلیکن ښوونځي ته لاړ.<sup id="cite_ref-skool_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skool-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ډاروین مخکې له دې چې له خپل ورور ارسموس سره په ۱۸۲۵ کال کې د ایډنبرګ طبي ښوونځي (هغه مهال د بریتانیا په کچه د طبي زده کړو تر ټولو پرمختللی ښوونځي ؤ) ته ولاړ شي، د هماغه کال دوبي کې یې له خپل پلار سره د طبابت په برخه کې د کار زده کړې په موخه تېر کړ او له خپل پلار سره یې مرسته کوله چې د شروپ شیر د بېوزلو وګړو درملنه وکړي. ډاروین درسي لکچرونه ستړي کوونکي او د جراحي عملیات یې ناراحته کوونکي وبلل. له همدې امله یې زده کړې خوشې کړې. د زده کړو پرځای د جان ادمونستن په نوم ازاد شوي تور پوستي ته لاړ چې له چارلز واترتن سره یې د سویلي امریکا په باراني ځنګلونو کې ملتیا کړې وه څو په نږدې ۴۰ ورځني یو ساعته غونډو کې ورڅخه تاکسیدرمي زده کړي.<sup id="cite_ref-eddy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eddy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ډاروین د پوهنتون په دویم کال کې، د پلینیان له ټولنې سره یوځای شو. د راډیکال دیموکرات زده کړیالانو هغه ټولنه چې په ماټریالیستي نظریات یې په علم کې دود شوي ارتودوکسي مذهبي مفاهیم له پوښتنو سره مخ کول. ډاروین د طبيعي تاریخ له درس څخه چې رابرټ جیم سان ورکاوه ستړی شو. د جیم سان د ځمک پوهنې په درس کې د نپتونیزم او پلوتونیزم موضوعات شامل وو. ډاروین د بوټو ډلبندي زده کړه او د پوهنتون د موزیم له کلکسیون سره یې چې هغه مهال چې په اروپا کې یو له لویو موزیمونو څخه ؤ، مرسته کوله.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>له طبي زده کړو څخه د ډاروین لاس په سر کېدو د هغه پلار خواشیني کړ، هغه په قاطعیت سره نوموړی د کمبرېج پوهنتون د عیسویت کالج ته ولېږه چې د هنر په برخه کې لیسانس واخلي، چې په سیمه ییزه کچه د انګلیکن کشیش کېدو له پاره لومړنی ګام ؤ. له دې امله چې ډاروین په وروستۍ ازموینه کې په شرایطو برابر نه و، نو د ۱۸۲۸ کال په جنوري میاشت کې عادي دورې ته شامل شو. هغه تر مطالعې په اس سپرلیدل او نښه ویشتلو ته ډېر ارزښت ورکاوه. د کاکا زوی یې ویلیام ډاروین فاکس چې هغه هم د کریسټ کالج لوست، نوموړی یې د خپلو شانپرکونو (butterfly) په کلیکسیون سره متاثره کړ او ډاورین ته یې د حشرو پیژندنې علم ور معرفي کړ او نوموړی یې وهڅاوه تر څو د خزنده ګانو را ټولول تعقیب کړي.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarwin1887[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=66&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=text_48]_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarwin1887[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=66&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=text_48]-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ډاروین دغه کار په ډېرې لیوالتیا ترسره کاوه. د هغه یو شمېر موندنې د بریټانوي حشراتو د رسامۍ په کتاب کې چې د جیمز فرانسیس ستیفنز اثر دی چاپ شوې. ډاروین د بوټو پېژندونکي جان ستیونز هنسلو نږدې ملګری او پیروی شو. نوموړي له نورو مخکښو طبیعت پلوه روحانیونو سره هم ملاقات وکړ. دغو روحانیونو د ده علمي کار د طبعي مذهبي الهیاتو په توګه ګڼلو. ډاروین د زده کړیالانو ترمنځ په "هغه سړي چې له هنسلو سره قدم وهي" مشهور شو. کله چې ازموینې را نږدې شوې ډاروین خپل وخت مطالعې ته ځانګړې کړ چې د ویلیام بیلي د مسیحیت د اثبات د کتاب ژبې او منطق یې خوښ شو. ډاروین د ۱۸۳۱ کال په وروستیو ازموینو کې ښه وځلېد او د عادي دورې د ۱۷۸ زده کړیالانو ترمنځ یې لسم ځایګی خپل کړ.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ډاروین اړ وو څو د ۱۸۳۱ ز کال جون میاشت پورې په کمبرېج کې پاتې شي. هغه د طبیعي الهیاتو یا د خدای د صفاتو او وجود د مدارکو کتاب چې ویلیام پیلي لیکلی ؤ ولوست (لومړی ځل په ۱۸۰۲ کال کې چاپ شوی ؤ)، چې په طبیعت کې د الهي طرحې د بحث لامل شو او دغه کتاب دا توضیح کوله چې د خدای د چارو برابري د طبیعي قوانینو له مخې ده. هغه په همدې کال کې د طبیعي فلسفې د مطالعې اړوند مقدماتي بحثونو په نوم د جان هرشل نوی کتاب هم ولوست، په دغه کتاب کې د طبیعي فلسفې تر ټولو لوړې موخې د دلیل او شواهدو له مخې توصیف کړي وو.<sup id="cite_ref-dar57_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dar57-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-db_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-syd5-7_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syd5-7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_ډاروین_د_تکاملي_نظریې_پیل"><span id=".D8.AF_.DA.89.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.88.DB.8C.D9.86_.D8.AF_.D8.AA.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.85.D9.84.D9.8A_.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1.DB.8C.DB.90_.D9.BE.DB.8C.D9.84"></span>د ډاروین د تکاملي نظریې پیل</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: د ډاروین د تکاملي نظریې پیل"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>کله چې ډاروین د افریقا لویې وچې له سفر وروسته انګلستان ته راوګرځېد، نږدې په ټولو علمي مرکزونو کې ډاروین پېژندل شوې څېره وه ځکه هنسلو د ۱۸۳۵ کال په ډسمبر میاشت کې د ځمک پوهنې په برخه کې ټاکل شویو طبیعت پوهانو ته د ده د یوې لیکنې په لېږلو د خپل پخواني زده کوونکي شهرت زیات کړی و. هغه مهال چې د ۱۸۳۶ کال د اکتوبر په دویمه د فالموث بېړۍ کورنوال ته ورسېده. ډاروین په چټکۍ سره شروزبري ته د خپل کور او خپلوانو د لیدو په موخه ولاړ. د دوی له لیدنې وروسته د هنسلو د لیدو لپاره کمبریج ته ولاړ، هنسلو ده ته لارښوونه کړې وه چې طبیعت پوهان پیدا کړي څو هغه حیوانات چې ده راغونډ کړي طبقه بندي او هم د بوټو پېژندنې نښې راټولې کړي. د ډاروین پلار هم د پانګونې لپاره ترتیبات ونیول څو زوی یې وکولای شي یو خپلواک عالم واوسي. ډاروین هم په احساساتي ډول په افتخار د لندن د انستیتیوتونو په شاوخوا کې ګرځېده څو د ده د ټولګو د توصیف په موخه متخصصین پیدا کړي. ژوو پېژندونکو کار په ډېر ځنډ ترسره کاوه او له دې ډار وو چې ډېرې نمونې به په ګودام کې پاتې شي.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>چارلز لایل په ډېرې لیوالتیا ډاروین د لومړي ځل لپاره د اکتوبر په ۲۹ مه ولید، ډېر وخت لا نه وو تېر چې هغه یې هډوکي پېژندونکي یا اناتومېست ریچارد اون ته ور وپېژندلو. اوون په هغو فوسیلونو باندې د کار لپاره چې ډاروین راغونډ کړي وو د انګلستان د جراحانو د سلطنتي کالج له امکاناتو کار واخیست. هغه په ډېرې حیرانتیا متوجه شو چې دغه فوسیلونه هغه موجوداتو ته اړوند دي چې نسل یې له منځه تللی دی. د هغو لوی وجود لرونکو موجوداتو په څېر لکه ground sloths  او یا هم Megatherium. څرنګه چې ډاروین فکر کاوه دغه له منځه تللي موجودات په سویلي امریکا کې د هغو له نویو ژوندیو ډولونو سره اړوند وو. <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_ډاروین_مړینه_او_د_خښولو_مراسم"><span id=".D8.AF_.DA.89.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.88.DB.8C.D9.86_.D9.85.DA.93.DB.8C.D9.86.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.AF_.D8.AE.DA.9A.D9.88.D9.84.D9.88_.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.B3.D9.85"></span>د ډاروین مړینه او د خښولو مراسم</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: د ډاروین مړینه او د خښولو مراسم"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>په ۱۸۸۲ کال کې هغه د صدري انژین یا "صدري پړسوب" په ناروغۍ اخته شو، چې هغه مهال د زړه د شریانونو د بندېدلو او یا هم د زړه د ناروغۍ په معنی وه. د هغه د مرګ پر مهال طبیبانو د ده ناروغي صدري حمله، یا د زړه سکته تشخیص کړه. ګمان په دې دی چې ډاروین د شیګاس ناروغي لرله (هغه ناروغي چې د یوې وینې خوړونکي حشرې په واسطه لېږدول کېږي).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>تمه دا وه چې هغه به په ډاون کلي کې په سنټ مري کلیسا کې خښ شي خو د ډاروین د همکارانو  او عمومي او پارلماني غوښتنې وروسته، د سلطنتي ټولنې مشر ویلیام سپاتیس ووډ پرېکړه وکړه چې ډاروین د دې ویاړ لري تر څو په ویسټ منیستر کلیسا کې د جان هرشل او اسحاق نیوټن په خوا کې خښ کړل شي. د نوموړي د خښولو مراسم د اپریل په ۲۶ مه د چهارشنبې په ورځ د ده د کورنۍ غړو، ملګرو، پوهانو، فیلسوفانو، مخورو او زرګونو عامو وګړو په ګډون ترسره شول.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچينې_او_ياداښتونه"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.D9.8A.D9.86.DB.90_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.A7.DA.9A.D8.AA.D9.88.D9.86.D9.87"></span>سرچينې او ياداښتونه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86&action=edit&section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچينې او ياداښتونه"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/darwin">"Darwin"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718234042/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/darwin">Archived</a> 18 July 2014 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Wayback Machine</a>. entry in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collins_English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collins English Dictionary (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMooreBrowne2004">Desmond, Moore & Browne 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoyne,_Jerry_A.2009" class="citation book cs1">Coyne, Jerry A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyevolutionistr00coyn/page/8"><i>Why Evolution is True</i></a>. Viking. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyevolutionistr00coyn/page/8">8–11</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0-670-02053-9" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0-670-02053-9 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0-670-02053-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Evolution+is+True&rft.pages=8-11&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02053-9&rft.au=Coyne%2C+Jerry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhyevolutionistr00coyn%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larson79-111-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Larson79-111_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarson2004">Larson 2004</a>, pp. 79–111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/special/darwin-200">"Special feature: Darwin 200"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110211051412/http://www.newscientist.com/special/darwin-200">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Special+feature%3A+Darwin+200&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fspecial%2Fdarwin-200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westminster_Abbey_CD-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Westminster_Abbey_CD_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/charles-darwin">"Westminster Abbey » Charles Darwin"</a>. <i>Westminster Abbey » Home</i>. 2 جنوري 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200905/http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/charles-darwin">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Abbey+%C2%BB+Home&rft.atitle=Westminster+Abbey+%C2%BB+Charles+Darwin&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster-abbey.org%2Four-history%2Fpeople%2Fcharles-darwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span><a href="#CITEREFLeff2000">Leff 2000</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/burial.html">Darwin's Burial</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFCoyne2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Coyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Coyne (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Coyne, Jerry A.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17"><i>Why Evolution is True</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0-19-923084-6" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0-19-923084-6 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0-19-923084-6</bdi></a>. <q>In <i>The Origin</i>, Darwin provided an alternative hypothesis for the development, diversification, and design of life. Much of that book presents evidence that not only supports evolution but at the same time refutes creationism. In Darwin's day, the evidence for his theories was compelling but not completely decisive.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Evolution+is+True&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923084-6&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=Jerry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780199230846%2Fpage%2F17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGlass1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Glass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentley Glass (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Glass, Bentley</a> (1959). <i>Forerunners of Darwin</i>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. iv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0-8018-0222-5" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0-8018-0222-5 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0-8018-0222-5</bdi></a>. <q>Darwin's solution is a magnificent synthesis of evidence...a synthesis...compelling in honesty and comprehensiveness</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forerunners+of+Darwin&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pages=iv&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-0222-5&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Bentley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JvW-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JvW_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008">van Wyhe 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b3847-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-b3847_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003</a>, pp. 178–179, 338, 347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html">The Complete Works of Darwin Online – Biography.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107165048/http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html">Archived</a> 7 January 2007 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>darwin-online.org.uk</i>. Retrieved 2006-12-15 <a href="#CITEREFDobzhansky1973">Dobzhansky 1973</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">As Darwinian scholar Joseph Carroll of the University of Missouri–St. Louis puts it in his introduction to a modern reprint of Darwin's work: "<i>The Origin of Species</i> has special claims on our attention. It is one of the two or three most significant works of all time—one of those works that fundamentally and permanently alter our vision of the world...It is argued with a singularly rigorous consistency but it is also eloquent, imaginatively evocative, and rhetorically compelling." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll,_Joseph2003" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Joseph, ed. (2003). <i>On the origin of species by means of natural selection</i>. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview. p. 15. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-1-55111-337-1" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-1-55111-337-1 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-1-55111-337-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+origin+of+species+by+means+of+natural+selection&rft.place=Peterborough%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Broadview&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55111-337-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Desmond, Adrian J. (13 September 2002). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. </cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Adrian+J.&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.title=Charles+Darwin&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FCharles-Darwin&rft.source=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=13+September+2002"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_H._Wahlert2001" class="citation web cs1">John H. Wahlert (11 جون 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206010149/http://darwin.baruch.cuny.edu/biography/shrewsbury/mount/">"The Mount House, Shrewsbury, England (Charles Darwin)"</a>. <i>Darwin and Darwinism</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baruch_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baruch College (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Baruch College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin.baruch.cuny.edu/biography/shrewsbury/mount/">the original</a> on 6 ډيسمبر 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Darwin+and+Darwinism&rft.atitle=The+Mount+House%2C+Shrewsbury%2C+England+%28Charles+Darwin%29&rft.date=2001-06-11&rft.au=John+H.+Wahlert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin.baruch.cuny.edu%2Fbiography%2Fshrewsbury%2Fmount%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer_W._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer W. Smith (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Smith, Homer W.</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit"><i>Man and His Gods</i></a>. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grosset_%26_Dunlap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grosset & Dunlap (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Grosset & Dunlap</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/339">339–40</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+and+His+Gods&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=339-40&rft.pub=Grosset+%26+Dunlap&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Homer+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanhisgods00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skool-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-skool_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 12–15<a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=21">21–25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eddy-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eddy_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=48">47–51</a><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore2009">Desmond & Moore 2009</a>, pp. 18–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 72–88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 42–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 47–48, 89–91<a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore2009">Desmond & Moore 2009</a>, pp. 47–48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarwin1887[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=66&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=text_48]-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarwin1887[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=66&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=text_48]_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarwin1887">Darwin 1887</a>، م. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=66&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=text">48</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer_W._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer W. Smith (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Smith, Homer W.</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit"><i>Man and His Gods</i></a>. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grosset_%26_Dunlap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grosset & Dunlap (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Grosset & Dunlap</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/357">357–58</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+and+His+Gods&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=357-58&rft.pub=Grosset+%26+Dunlap&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Homer+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanhisgods00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1901" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hw2nmd;view=1up;seq=61"><i>The life and letters of Charles Darwin</i></a>. Vol. 1. D. Appleton. pp. 43–44. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924204343/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hw2nmd;view=1up;seq=61">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+and+letters+of+Charles+Darwin&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dhvd.hw2nmd%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1901" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hw2nmd;view=1up;seq=61"><i>The life and letters of Charles Darwin</i></a>. Vol. 1. D. Appleton. pp. 43–44. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924204343/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hw2nmd;view=1up;seq=61">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+and+letters+of+Charles+Darwin&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dhvd.hw2nmd%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Wyhe" class="citation web cs1">van Wyhe, John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901090213/http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_Stephens.html">"Darwin's insects in Stephens' Illustrations of British entomology (1829–32)"</a>. <i>Darwin Online</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_Stephens.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Darwin+Online&rft.atitle=Darwin%27s+insects+in+Stephens%27+Illustrations+of+British+entomology+%281829%E2%80%9332%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2FEditorialIntroductions%2FvanWyhe_Stephens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dar57-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dar57_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 73–79<a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=59">57–67</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 128–129, 133–141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-db-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-db_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=69">67–68</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-syd5-7-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-syd5-7_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Sydow2005">von Sydow 2005</a>, pp. 5–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarwin1835">Darwin 1835</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LettersOnGeology.html">editorial introduction</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 195–198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOwen1840">Owen 1840</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F9.1&pageseq=26">16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F9.1&pageseq=83">73</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F9.1&pageseq=116">106</a><a href="#CITEREFEldredge2006">Eldredge 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 201–205<a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 349–350</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFColp2008" class="citation book cs1">Colp, Ralph (2008). "The Final <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Sic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Sic (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Sic</a>". <i>Darwin's Illness</i>. pp. 116–120. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5744%2Fflorida%2F9780813032313.003.0014">10.5744/florida/9780813032313.003.0014</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0-8130-3231-3" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0-8130-3231-3 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0-8130-3231-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Final+%3A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D%3ASic&rft.btitle=Darwin%27s+Illness&rft.pages=116-120&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5744%2Fflorida%2F9780813032313.003.0014&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-3231-3&rft.aulast=Colp&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clayton, Julie (24 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09220">"Chagas disease 101"</a>. <i>Nature</i> (په انګليسي). <b>465</b> (n7301_supp): S4–S5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.465S...3C">2010Natur.465S...3C</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09220">10.1038/nature09220</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د تمديد نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20571553">20571553</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205221512">205221512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Chagas+disease+101&rft.volume=465&rft.issue=n7301_supp&rft.pages=S4-S5&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205221512%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Natur.465S...3C&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature09220&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20571553&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnature09220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713034201/http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/cruzi_files/subchapters/case_of_charles_darwin.htm">"The Case of Charles Darwin"</a>. <i>dna.kdna.ucla.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/cruzi_files/subchapters/case_of_charles_darwin.htm">the original</a> on 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dna.kdna.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=The+Case+of+Charles+Darwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdna.kdna.ucla.edu%2Fparasite_course-old%2Fcruzi_files%2Fsubchapters%2Fcase_of_charles_darwin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1984" class="citation journal cs1">Bernstein, R E (July 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1439957">"Darwin's illness: Chagas' disease resurgens"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</i>. <b>77</b> (7): 608–609. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014107688407700715">10.1177/014107688407700715</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د تمديد نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0141-0768">0141-0768</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1439957">1439957</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6431091">6431091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Darwin%27s+illness%3A+Chagas%27+disease+resurgens.&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=608-609&rft.date=1984-07&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1439957%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0141-0768&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6431091&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F014107688407700715&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=R+E&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1439957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin,_Emma1882" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Darwin (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Darwin, Emma</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR210.9&pageseq=16">"[Reminiscences of Charles Darwin's last years.] CUL-DAR210.9"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628080442/http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR210.9&pageseq=16">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BReminiscences+of+Charles+Darwin%27s+last+years.%5D+CUL-DAR210.9&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Darwin%2C+Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dside%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR210.9%26pageseq%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3+%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 664–677</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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