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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other territories within the Kingdom of Denmark</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_territories_within_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other territories within the Kingdom of Denmark subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_territories_within_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faroe_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faroe_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Faroe Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faroe_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Iceland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Greenland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protectorate_government_(1940–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protectorate_government_(1940–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Protectorate government (1940–43)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Protectorate_government_(1940–43)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Protectorate government (1940–43) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Protectorate_government_(1940–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collaborators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Collaborators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaborators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Free_Corps_Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_Corps_Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Free Corps Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_Corps_Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Comintern_Pact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Comintern_Pact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Anti-Comintern Pact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Comintern_Pact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1942_telegram_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1942_telegram_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>The 1942 telegram crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1942_telegram_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increasing_resistance_after_the_August_1943_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increasing_resistance_after_the_August_1943_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Increasing resistance after the August 1943 crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increasing_resistance_after_the_August_1943_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-war_currency_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_currency_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Post-war currency reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_currency_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardship_and_the_end_of_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardship_and_the_end_of_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hardship and the end of the war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardship_and_the_end_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>German refugees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-in_Danish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#in_Danish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>in Danish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-in_Danish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الدنمارك في الحرب العالمية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدنمارك في الحرب العالمية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupaci%C3%B3_de_Dinamarca_per_l%27Alemanya_Nazi" title="Ocupació de Dinamarca per l'Alemanya Nazi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ocupació de Dinamarca per l'Alemanya Nazi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny_D%C3%A1nska_b%C4%9Bhem_druh%C3%A9_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A9_v%C3%A1lky" title="Dějiny Dánska během druhé světové války – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Dánska během druhé světové války" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bes%C3%A6ttelsen" title="Besættelsen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Besættelsen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4nemark_unter_deutscher_Besatzung" title="Dänemark unter deutscher Besatzung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dänemark unter deutscher Besatzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_okupatsioon_Taanis" title="Saksa okupatsioon Taanis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa okupatsioon Taanis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupaci%C3%B3n_de_Dinamarca_por_la_Alemania_nazi" title="Ocupación de Dinamarca por la Alemania nazi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ocupación de Dinamarca por la Alemania nazi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="دانمارک در جنگ جهانی دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانمارک در جنگ جهانی دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_du_Danemark_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Histoire du Danemark pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire du Danemark pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%98_%EB%8D%B4%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC" title="제2차 세계 대전 중의 덴마크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 세계 대전 중의 덴마크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupazione_della_Danimarca" title="Occupazione della Danimarca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occupazione della Danimarca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="דנמרק במלחמת העולם השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דנמרק במלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Данска во Втората светска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Данска во Втората светска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_dalam_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Denmark dalam Perang Dunia II – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Denmark dalam Perang Dunia II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark_under_andre_verdenskrig" title="Danmark under andre verdenskrig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Danmark under andre verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okupacja_Danii" title="Okupacja Danii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okupacja Danii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamarca_na_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Dinamarca na Segunda Guerra Mundial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinamarca na Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Дания во Второй мировой войне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дания во Второй мировой войне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanskan_miehitys" title="Tanskan miehitys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tanskan miehitys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmark_under_andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Danmark under andra världskriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Danmark under andra världskriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Role of Denmark during World War II (1939–1945)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Denmark in World War II">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Denmark+in+World+War+II%22">"Denmark in World War II"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Denmark+in+World+War+II%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Denmark+in+World+War+II%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Denmark+in+World+War+II%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Denmark+in+World+War+II%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Denmark+in+World+War+II%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg/220px-Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg/330px-Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg/440px-Schalburgerblegdamsvej.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a>, a Danish SS unit, after 1943. The occupied building is the lodge of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Danish Order of Freemasons">Danish Order of Freemasons</a> located on Blegdamsvej, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Denmark_and_World_War_II1009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Key events</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Operation <i>Weserübung</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="British occupation of the Faroe Islands">British occupation of the Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_invasion_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasion of Iceland">British invasion of Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">Greenland in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_Crisis" title="Telegram Crisis">Telegram Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Danish_police" title="Deportation of the Danish police">Deportation of the Danish police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_explosion_in_Aarhus" title="1944 explosion in Aarhus">1944 explosion in Aarhus</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Resistance</b> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Carthage" title="Operation Carthage">Operation Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Air_Raid" title="Aarhus Air Raid">Aarhus Air Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Safari" title="Operation Safari">Operation Safari</a> - <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isefjord" title="Battle of Isefjord">Battle of Isefjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">Rescue of the Danish Jews</a> - <a href="/wiki/Elsinore_Sewing_Club" title="Elsinore Sewing Club">Elsinore Sewing Club</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Organizations</b> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPO_Corps" title="HIPO Corps">HIPO Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Brigade_in_Sweden" title="Danish Brigade in Sweden">Danish Brigade in Sweden</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Camps</b> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B8slev_Prison_Camp" title="Frøslev Prison Camp">Frøslev Prison Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horser%C3%B8d_camp" title="Horserød camp">Horserød camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksb%C3%B8l_Refugee_Camp" title="Oksbøl Refugee Camp">Oksbøl Refugee Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seefliegerhorst_Aalborg" title="Seefliegerhorst Aalborg">Seefliegerhorst Aalborg</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_states,_1939–19453401" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Scandinavia_in_World_War_II" title="Template:Campaignbox Scandinavia in World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Scandinavia_in_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Scandinavia in World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Scandinavia_in_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Scandinavia in World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_states,_1939–19453401" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_in_the_Nordic_countries_during_World_War_II" title="List of military operations in the Nordic countries during World War II"><span class="wrap">Nordic states, 1939–1945</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung"><i>Weserübung</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="British occupation of the Faroe Islands"><i>Valentine</i> (Faroe Islands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Safari" title="Operation Safari"><i>Safari</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isefjord" title="Battle of Isefjord">Isefjord</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Bornholm" title="Landing at Bornholm">Bornholm</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox"><i>Silver Fox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orator" title="Operation Orator"><i>Orator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tanne_Ost" title="Operation Tanne Ost"><i>Tanne Ost</i></a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_invasion_of_Iceland#Operation_Fork" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasion of Iceland"><i>Fork</i></a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">Norway</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altmark_incident" title="Altmark incident"><i>Altmark</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung"><i>Weserübung</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alphabet" title="Operation Alphabet"><i>Alphabet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage" title="Norwegian heavy water sabotage">Heavy water sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claymore" title="Operation Claymore"><i>Claymore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_EF_(1941)" title="Operation EF (1941)">Kirkenes and Petsamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gauntlet" title="Operation Gauntlet"><i>Gauntlet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fritham" title="Operation Fritham"><i>Fritham</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gearbox" title="Operation Gearbox"><i>Gearbox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gearbox_II" title="Operation Gearbox II"><i>Gearbox II</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leader" title="Operation Leader"><i>Leader</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zitronella" title="Operation Zitronella"><i>Zitronella</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz#British_attacks_on_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz">Attacks on <i>Tirpitz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsamo%E2%80%93Kirkenes_offensive" title="Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive">Petsamo–Kirkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Finnmark" title="Liberation of Finnmark">Finnmark</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>At the outset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in September 1939, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> declared itself <a href="/wiki/Neutral_countries_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral countries in World War II">neutral</a>, but that neutrality did not prevent Nazi Germany from <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupying</a> the country soon after the outbreak of war; the occupation lasted until Germany's defeat. The decision to occupy Denmark was taken in Berlin on 17 December 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 April 1940, Germany occupied Denmark in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Operation Weserübung</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish government">Danish government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">king</a> functioned in a relatively normal manner until 29 August 1943, when Germany placed Denmark under direct military occupation, which lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> victory on 5 May 1945. Contrary to the situation in other countries under German occupation, most Danish institutions continued to function relatively normally until 1945. Both the Danish government and king remained in the country in an uneasy relationship between a <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Totalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Totalitarian">totalitarian</a> system until 1943 when the Danish government stepped down in protest against German demands that included instituting the death penalty for sabotage. </p><p>Just over 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a> died as a direct result of the occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-milhist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milhist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further 2,000 volunteers of <a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>, most of whom originated from the German minority of southern Denmark, died fighting on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 1,072 merchant sailors died in Allied service.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, this represents a very low mortality rate compared to other occupied countries and most belligerent countries. Some Danes chose to collaborate during the occupation by joining the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIPO_Corps" title="HIPO Corps">HIPO Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_group" title="Peter group">Peter Group</a> (often with considerable overlap between the participants of the different groups). The National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark participated in the <a href="/wiki/1943_Danish_Folketing_election" title="1943 Danish Folketing election">1943 Danish Folketing election</a>, but despite significant support from Germany it only received 2.1% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Denmark, the occupation period is known as <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Besættelsen</i></span> (Danish for "the Occupation").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">resistance movement</a> developed over the course of the war, and the vast majority of <a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">Danish Jews were rescued</a> and sent to <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden in World War II">neutral Sweden</a> in 1943 when German authorities ordered their internment as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasion">Invasion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg/220px-Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg/330px-Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg/440px-Danish_anti-aircraft_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Danish soldiers man an anti-aircraft gun, 1940. All wear the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Danish_M1923_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish M1923 helmet">Danish helmet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark (1940)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupation</a> of Denmark was initially not an important objective for the German government. The decision to occupy its small northern neighbour was taken to facilitate a planned invasion of the strategically more important <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and as a precaution against the expected <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Allied response</a>. German military planners believed that a base in the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Aalborg_Air_Base" title="Aalborg Air Base">airfield of Aalborg</a>, would be essential to operations in Norway, and they began planning the occupation of parts of Denmark. However, as late as February 1940 no firm decision to occupy Denmark had been made.<sup id="cite_ref-dethlef_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dethlef-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue was finally settled when <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> personally crossed out the words <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">die Nordspitze Jütlands</i></span></i> ("the Northern tip of Jutland") and replaced them with <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Dä</i></span></i>, a German abbreviation for Denmark. </p><p>Although the Danish territory of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Jutland" title="Southern Jutland">South Jutland</a> was home to a significant German minority, and the province had been regained from Germany as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Schleswig_Plebiscites" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig Plebiscites">plebiscite</a> resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles Treaty</a>, Germany was in no apparent hurry to reclaim it. In a much more vague and longer-term way, some Nazis hoped to incorporate Denmark into a greater "Nordic Union" at some stage, but these plans never materialized. Officially, Germany claimed to be protecting Denmark from Anglo-French attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-hæstrup_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hæstrup-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 4:15 on the morning of 9 April 1940, German forces crossed the border into <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutral</a> Denmark. In a coordinated operation, German ships began disembarking troops at the docks in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. Although outnumbered and poorly equipped, Danish soldiers in several parts of the country put up resistance, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Den_Kongelige_Livgarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Den Kongelige Livgarde">Royal Guard</a> in Copenhagen and units in South Jutland. As the invasion began, German planes dropped the notorious <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/OPROP!" title="OPROP!">OPROP!</a></i></span> leaflets over Copenhagen calling on Danes to accept the German occupation peacefully, and claiming that Germany had occupied Denmark in order to protect it against Anglo-French attacks. Colonel Lunding from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army" title="Royal Danish Army">Royal Danish Army</a>'s intelligence office later confirmed that Danish intelligence knew the attack would be coming on either 8 or 9 April and had warned the government accordingly. The Danish ambassador to Germany, <a href="/wiki/Herluf_Zahle" title="Herluf Zahle">Herluf Zahle</a>, issued a similar warning which was also ignored. </p><p>As a result of the rapid turn of events, the Danish government did not have enough time to officially declare war on Germany. Denmark was in an untenable position in any event, however. Its territory and population were too small to hold out against Germany for any sustained period. Its flat land would have resulted in it being easily overrun by German <a href="/wiki/Panzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer">panzers</a>; Jutland, for instance, was immediately adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> to the south and was thus wide open to a panzer attack from there. Unlike Norway, Denmark had no mountain ranges from which drawn-out resistance could be conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-RiseFall_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RiseFall-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statsminister_Th._Stauning_(6045175779)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Statsminister_Th._Stauning_%286045175779%29_%282%29.jpg/220px-Statsminister_Th._Stauning_%286045175779%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Statsminister_Th._Stauning_%286045175779%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-Statsminister_Th._Stauning_%286045175779%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Statsminister_Th._Stauning_%286045175779%29_%282%29.jpg/440px-Statsminister_Th._Stauning_%286045175779%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Danish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Thorvald Stauning</a> addresses the <a href="/wiki/Rigsdagen" title="Rigsdagen">Rigsdagen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace" title="Christiansborg Palace">Christiansborg Palace</a> on the day of the invasion.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sixteen Danish soldiers died in the invasion,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but after less than six hours the Danish government surrendered, believing that resistance was futile and hoping to work out an advantageous agreement with Germany. Not only was the flat Jutland territory a perfect area for the German army to operate in, the surprise attack on Copenhagen had made any attempt to defend <a href="/wiki/Zealand_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealand (Denmark)">Zealand</a> impossible. The Germans had also been quick to establish control over <a href="/wiki/Little_Belt_Bridge" title="Little Belt Bridge">the bridge</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Little_Belt" title="Little Belt">Little Belt</a>, thus gaining access to the island of <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a>. Believing that further resistance would only result in the futile loss of more Danish lives, the Danish cabinet ultimately decided to bow to the German pressure "under protest".<sup id="cite_ref-dethlef_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dethlef-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German forces were technologically sophisticated and numerous; the Danish forces comparatively tiny and using obsolete equipment; partially a result of a pre-war policy of trying to avoid antagonizing Germany by not supplying the army with modern equipment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Even stiff resistance from the Danes would not have lasted long. Questions have been raised around the apparent fact that the German forces did not seem to expect any resistance, invading with unarmored ships and vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_territories_within_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark">Other territories within the Kingdom of Denmark</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other territories within the Kingdom of Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faroe_Islands">Faroe Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Faroe Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="British occupation of the Faroe Islands">British occupation of the Faroe Islands</a></div> <p>After the occupation of Denmark, British forces from 12 April 1940 made a pre-emptive bloodless invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> to prevent their occupation by German troops. Britain took over the areas where Denmark previously had given support, and the islands now became dependent on the United Kingdom, which began to participate in fishing production and supplied the islands with important goods. </p><p>The British fortified positions in strategically important locations in the Faroe Islands. Sounds and fjords were mined, and at the island of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1gar" title="Vágar">Vágar</a>, British engineers built a military aviation base. Up to 8,000 British servicemembers were stationed in the islands, which at that time had 30,000 inhabitants. </p><p>The Faroe Islands were repeatedly attacked by German aircraft, suffering minimal damage. That said, 25 Faroese ships were lost and 132 sailors died. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland in World War II</a></div> <p>From 1918 until 1944, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a> was self-governing, but the Danish king (King Christian X) was the head of state of both Denmark and Iceland. The United Kingdom occupied Iceland on 10 May 1940 to preempt German occupation, turning it over to the then-neutral United States in July 1941, before the latter's entry into the war in December 1941. Officially remaining neutral throughout World War II, Iceland became a fully independent republic on 17 June 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greenland">Greenland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Greenland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greenland#Strategic_importance" title="History of Greenland">History of Greenland § Strategic importance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">Greenland in World War II</a></div> <p>On 9 April 1941, the Danish envoy to the United States, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Kauffmann" title="Henrik Kauffmann">Henrik Kauffmann</a>, signed a treaty with the U.S., authorizing it to defend <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and construct military stations there. Kauffmann was supported in this decision by the Danish diplomats in the United States and the local authorities in Greenland. Signing this treaty "in the name of the King" was a clear violation of his diplomatic powers, but Kauffmann argued that he would not receive orders from an occupied Copenhagen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protectorate_government_(1940–43)"><span id="Protectorate_government_.281940.E2.80.9343.29"></span>Protectorate government (1940–43)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protectorate government (1940–43)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DNSAP%27s_parade_ved_Den_lille_Hornbl%C3%A6ser_p%C3%A5_R%C3%A5dhuspladsen_d._17._november_1940._Paraden_afholdtes_i_forbindelse_med_DNSAP%27s_fors%C3%B8g_p%C3%A5_at_overtage_magten_Dato-_17._November_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DNSAP%27s_parade_ved_Den_lille_Hornbl%C3%A6ser_p%C3%A5_R%C3%A5dhuspladsen_d._17._november_1940._Paraden_afholdtes_i_forbindelse_med_DNSAP%27s_fors%C3%B8g_p%C3%A5_at_overtage_magten_Dato-_17._November_1940.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DNSAP%27s_parade_ved_Den_lille_Hornbl%C3%A6ser_p%C3%A5_R%C3%A5dhuspladsen_d._17._november_1940._Paraden_afholdtes_i_forbindelse_med_DNSAP%27s_fors%C3%B8g_p%C3%A5_at_overtage_magten_Dato-_17._November_1940.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DNSAP%27s_parade_ved_Den_lille_Hornbl%C3%A6ser_p%C3%A5_R%C3%A5dhuspladsen_d._17._november_1940._Paraden_afholdtes_i_forbindelse_med_DNSAP%27s_fors%C3%B8g_p%C3%A5_at_overtage_magten_Dato-_17._November_1940.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>DNSAP's parade at <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Rådhuspladsen</i></span> 17 November 1940. The parade was held in connection with DNSAP's attempt to seize power.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg/220px-DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg/330px-DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg/440px-DNSAP%27s_distriktskontor_p%C3%A5_Gammel_Kongevej_i_K%C3%B8benhavn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>DNSAP's district office on <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Gammel Kongevej</i></span> in Copenhagen Between 1940 and 1942 Frederiksberg.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_%281%29.jpg/220px-Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_%281%29.jpg/330px-Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_%281%29.jpg/440px-Frikorps_danmarks_afrejse_til_oestfronten_hellerup_station_1941_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Members of <a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a> leaving for the Eastern Front from <a href="/wiki/Hellerup_railway_station" title="Hellerup railway station">Hellerup railway station</a> in Copenhagen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, Denmark had a large amount of interaction with Germany. In 1920 the country regained possession of the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig</a> after losing the provinces during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a> in 1864. The Danish people were divided about what the best policy toward Germany might be. Few were ardent Nazis; some explored the economic possibilities of providing the German occupiers with supplies and goods; others eventually formed resistance groups towards the latter part of the war.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The majority of Danes were unwillingly compliant towards the Germans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Due to the relative ease of the occupation and copious amount of dairy products, Denmark earned the nickname <i>the Cream Front</i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Sahnefront</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the cooperative attitude of the Danish authorities, German officials claimed that they would "respect Danish sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as neutrality."<sup id="cite_ref-hæstrup_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hæstrup-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German authorities were inclined towards lenient terms with Denmark for several reasons: their only strong interest in Denmark, that of surplus <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural products</a>, could be supplied by price policy on food rather than by control and restriction (some German records indicate that the German administration had not fully realized this potential before the occupation took place, which can be doubted);<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there was serious concern that the Danish economy was so dependent upon trade with Britain that the occupation would create an economic collapse, and Danish officials capitalized on that fear to get early concessions for a reasonable form of cooperation;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they also hoped to score propaganda points by making Denmark, in <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>'s words, "a model <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on top of these more practical goals, <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Nazi race ideology</a> held that Danes were "fellow Nordic <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryans</a>," and could therefore to some extent be trusted to handle their domestic affairs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>These factors combined to allow Denmark a very favourable relationship with Nazi Germany. The government remained somewhat intact, and the parliament continued to function more or less as it had before. They were able to maintain much of their former control over domestic policy.<sup id="cite_ref-giltner_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giltner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The police and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system">judicial system</a> remained in Danish hands, and unlike most occupied countries, King <a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X</a> remained in the country as Danish head of state. The German Reich was formally represented by a <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichsbevollmächtigter</i></span></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Reich" title="Reich">Reich</a> <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">Plenipotentiary</a>'), i.e. a diplomat accredited to the sovereign, a post awarded to <a href="/wiki/Cecil_von_Renthe-Fink" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil von Renthe-Fink">Cecil von Renthe-Fink</a>, the German ambassador, and then in November 1942 to the lawyer and SS general <a href="/wiki/Werner_Best" title="Werner Best">Werner Best</a>. </p><p>Danish public opinion generally backed the new government, particularly after the fall of France in June 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-poulsen2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poulsen2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a general feeling that the unpleasant reality of German occupation must be confronted in the most realistic way possible, given the international situation. Politicians realized that they would have to try hard to maintain Denmark's privileged position by presenting a united front to the German authorities, so all of the mainstream democratic parties formed a new government together. Parliament and the government agreed to work closely together.<sup id="cite_ref-dethlef_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dethlef-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the effect of this was close to the creation of a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a>, it remained a representative government. </p><p>The Danish government was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">Social Democrats</a>, including the pre-war prime minister <a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Thorvald Stauning</a>, who had been strongly opposed to the Nazi party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Stauning himself was deeply depressed by the prospects for Europe under Nazism.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Nonetheless, his party pursued a strategy of cooperation, hoping to maintain democracy and Danish control in Denmark for as long as possible. There were many issues that they had to work out with Germany in the months after the occupation. In an effort to keep the Germans satisfied, they compromised Danish democracy and society in several fundamental ways: </p> <ul><li>Newspaper articles and news reports "which might jeopardize <a href="/wiki/German-Danish_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Danish relations">German-Danish relations</a>" were outlawed, in violation of the Danish constitutional prohibition against censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-voorhis_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the 22nd of June 1941, when Germany commenced its <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">attack on the Soviet Union</a>, the German authorities in Denmark demanded that Danish <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communists</a> should be arrested. The Danish government complied and using secret registers, the Danish police in the following days arrested 339 Communists. Of these 246, including the three Communist members of the Danish parliament, were imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Horser%C3%B8d_camp" title="Horserød camp">Horserød camp</a>, in violation of the Danish constitution. On 22 August 1941, the Danish parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Law" title="Communist Law">Communist Law</a>, outlawing <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Denmark" title="Communist Party of Denmark">the Communist Party</a> and Communist activities, in another violation of the Danish constitution. In 1943, about half of the Communists were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a>, where 22 of them died.</li> <li>Following Germany's assault on the Soviet Union, Denmark joined the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a>, together with the fellow <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. As a result, many Communists were found among the first members of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance movement</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Industrial production</a> and trade was, partly due to geopolitical reality and economic necessity, redirected toward Germany. An overriding concern was a German fear of creating a burden if the Danish economy collapsed as it did after World War I. This sensitivity to Denmark's heavy reliance on foreign trade informed the German decision before the occupation to allow the Danes passage through their blockade.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denmark had traditionally been a major trading partner of both Britain and Germany. Many government officials saw expanded trade with Germany as vital to maintaining social order in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-voorhis_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increased unemployment and poverty were feared to lead to more of open revolt within the country, since Danes tended to blame all negative developments on the Germans. It was feared that any revolt would result in a crackdown by the German authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-poulsen2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poulsen2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Danish army was largely demobilized, although some units remained until August 1943. The army was allowed to maintain 2,200 men, as well as 1,100 auxiliary troops.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the fleet remained in port, but in Danish hands. In at least two towns, the army created secret weapons caches on 10 April 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 April 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members of the Danish military intelligence established contacts with their British counterparts through the British diplomatic mission in Stockholm. They began dispatching intelligence reports to Britain by Autumn 1940. This traffic became regular and continued until the Germans dissolved the Danish army in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the liberation of Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (UK)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Law_Montgomery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Law Montgomery">Bernard Law Montgomery</a> described the intelligence gathered in Denmark as "second to none".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In return for these concessions, the Danish cabinet rejected German demands for legislation discriminating against Denmark's Jewish minority. Demands to introduce the death penalty were likewise rebuffed, and so were German demands to allow German military courts jurisdiction over Danish citizens. Denmark also rejected demands for the transfer of Danish army units to German military use. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSU_girl_,_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NSU_girl_%2C_1941.jpg/170px-NSU_girl_%2C_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NSU_girl_%2C_1941.jpg/255px-NSU_girl_%2C_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NSU_girl_%2C_1941.jpg/340px-NSU_girl_%2C_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4147" data-file-height="5321" /></a><figcaption>A member of <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Danmarks Nationalsocialistiske Ungdom</i></span> (Danish Nazi youth movement) in 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Stauning remained <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">prime minister</a> until his death in 1942, as head of a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition cabinet">coalition cabinet</a> encompassing all major political parties (the exceptions being the tiny Nazi party, and the Communist Party, which was outlawed in 1941). <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Buhl" title="Vilhelm Buhl">Vilhelm Buhl</a> replaced him briefly, only to be replaced by foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Erik_Scavenius" title="Erik Scavenius">Erik Scavenius</a>, who had been the main link to the Nazi authorities throughout the war. Scavenius was a diplomat, not an elected politician, and had an <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">elitist</a> approach to government.<sup id="cite_ref-voorhis_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was afraid that emotional public opinion would destabilize his attempts to build a compromise between Danish <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> and the realities of German occupation. Scavenius felt strongly that he was Denmark's most ardent defender. After the war there was much recrimination over his stance, particularly from members of the active resistance, who felt that he had hindered the cause of resistance and threatened Denmark's national honour. He felt that these people were vain, seeking to build their own reputations or political careers through emotionalism. </p><p>The Danish authorities were able to use their more cooperative stance to win important concessions for the country. They continually refused to enter a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Currency_union" title="Currency union">currency union</a> with Germany. Danes were concerned both about the negative economic effects of the German proposals, as well as the political ones. German officials did not want to risk their special relationship with Denmark by forcing an agreement on them, as they had done in other countries. The Danish government was also able to stall negotiations over the return of <a href="/wiki/South_Jutland_County" title="South Jutland County">South Jutland</a> to Germany, ban "closed-rank uniformed marches" that would have made nationalist German or Danish Nazi agitation more possible, keep <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">National Socialists</a> out of the government, and hold <a href="/wiki/1943_Danish_Folketing_election" title="1943 Danish Folketing election">a relatively free election</a>, with decidedly anti-Nazi results, in the middle of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-voorhis_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Danish military officials also had access to sensitive German information, which they delivered to the Allies under government cover.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic consequences of the occupation were also mitigated by German-Danish cooperation. Inflation rose sharply in the first year of the war, as the German Army spent a large amount of German military currency in Denmark, most importantly on military installations and troop deployments. Due to the Occupation, the National Bank of Denmark was compelled to exchange German currency for Danish notes, effectively granting the Germans a gigantic unsecured loan with only vague promises that the money would eventually be paid, something which never happened. The Danish government was later able to renegotiate the Germans' arbitrary exchange rate between the German military currency and the <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a> to reduce this problem.<sup id="cite_ref-giltner_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giltner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The success most often alluded to in regard to the Danish policy toward Germany is the protection of the Jewish minority in Denmark. Throughout its years in power, the government consistently refused to accept German demands regarding the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authorities would not enact special laws concerning Jews, and their civil rights remained equal with those of the rest of the population. German authorities became increasingly exasperated with this position but concluded that any attempt to remove or mistreat Jews would be "politically unacceptable."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> officer Werner Best, plenipotentiary in Denmark from November 1942, believed that any attempt to remove the Jews would be enormously disruptive to the relationship between the two governments and recommended against any action concerning the Jews of Denmark. </p><p>Christian X remained in Denmark throughout the war, a symbol of courage much appreciated by his subjects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaborators">Collaborators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collaborators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIPO_Corps" title="HIPO Corps">HIPO Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_group" title="Peter group">Peter group</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv/220px--Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="573" data-mwtitle="Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_(Denmark,_1944).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_(Denmark,_1944).ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="532" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv/Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="532" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv/Waffen-SS_memorial_and_raw_footage_%28Denmark%2C_1944%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Footage from a Waffen-SS memorial service held near <a href="/wiki/Birker%C3%B8d" title="Birkerød">Birkerød</a> in 1944. Among the attendees were Dr. <a href="/wiki/Werner_Best" title="Werner Best">Werner Best</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a> commander and <a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a> founder, <a href="/wiki/Knud_B%C3%B8rge_Martinsen" title="Knud Børge Martinsen">Knud Børge Martinsen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Free_Corps_Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Free Corps Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a></div> <p>On 29 June 1941, days after the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">invasion of the USSR</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Frikorps Danmark</i>) was founded as a corps of Danish volunteers to fight against the Soviet Union. <i>Free Corps Denmark</i> was set up at the initiative of the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">DNSAP</a> who approached Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Christian_Peter_Kryssing" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Peter Kryssing">C.P. Kryssing</a> of the Danish army shortly after the invasion of the USSR had begun. The Nazi paper <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A6drelandet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fædrelandet (page does not exist)">Fædrelandet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6drelandet_(1939%E2%80%931945)" class="extiw" title="da:Fædrelandet (1939–1945)">da</a>]</span></i> proclaimed the creation of the corps on 29 June 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-duh1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Danish law, it was not illegal to join a foreign army, but active recruiting on Danish soil was illegal. The SS disregarded this law and began recruiting efforts – predominantly recruiting Danish Nazis and members of the German-speaking minority.<sup id="cite_ref-duh1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Danish government discovered this and decided to concentrate on persuading the Germans not to recruit underage boys. General Prior wanted to remove Kryssing and his designated second-in-command but decided to consult the cabinet. It agreed that Kryssing should be removed in its meeting on 2 July 1941, but this decision was later withdrawn when Erik Scavenius—who had not attended the original meeting—returned from negotiations and announced that he had reached an agreement with Renthe-Fink that soldiers wishing to join this corps could be given leave until further notice. The government issued an announcement stating that "Lieut. Colonel C. P. Kryssing, Chief of the 5th Artillery reg., Holbæk, has with the consent of the Royal Danish Government assumed command over 'Free Corps Denmark'". The Danish text only explicitly said that the government recognized that Kryssing had been given a new command; it did not sanction the creation of the corps, which had already happened without its creators asking the government's consent.<sup id="cite_ref-duh1_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1941 <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> complained that Denmark was unofficially trying to stop recruitment since the word ran in the army that anyone joining would be committing treason. The government later instructed the army and navy not to obstruct applications from soldiers wishing to leave active duty and join the corps. </p><p>A 1998 study showed that the average recruit to <i>Free Corps Denmark</i> was a Nazi, a member of the German minority in Denmark, or both, and that recruitment was very broad socially.<sup id="cite_ref-duh1_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Bo_Lidegaard" title="Bo Lidegaard">Bo Lidegaard</a> notes: "The relationship between the population and the corps was freezing cold, and legionnaires on leave time and again came into fights, with civilians meeting the corps' volunteers with massive contempt." Lidegaard gives the following figures for 1941: 6,000 Danish citizens had signed up to German army duty; 1,500 of these belonged to the German minority in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-duh1_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Comintern_Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anti-Comintern Pact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_administrative_1945.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Denmark_administrative_1945.png/220px-Denmark_administrative_1945.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Denmark_administrative_1945.png/330px-Denmark_administrative_1945.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Denmark_administrative_1945.png/440px-Denmark_administrative_1945.png 2x" data-file-width="2683" data-file-height="2157" /></a><figcaption>Administrative map of the Kingdom of Denmark during the German occupation.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christian_X.jpg/170px-Christian_X.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christian_X.jpg/255px-Christian_X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Christian_X.jpg/340px-Christian_X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>King Christian X, seen here on the occasion of his birthday in 1940, served as a powerful symbol of national sovereignty during the occupation. At the time, many Danes wore an emblem showing his <a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">cypher</a> as a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a> and silent resistance against the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 November 1941, five months after the invasion of the USSR, the Danish government received a German "invitation" to join the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a>. Finland accepted reluctantly on 25 November and stated that it presumed that Denmark would also attend the ceremony (effectively conditioning its own attendance). Erik Scavenius argued that Denmark should sign the pact but the Cabinet ministers refused, stating that this would violate the policy of neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-duh2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scavenius reported this decision to Renthe-Fink. Fink replied on 21 November that "Germany would be unable to comprehend" a Danish rejection and demanded this decision be reversed before the end of the day. He assured Scavenius that the pact contained neither "political or other obligations" (i.e., going to war with the USSR). At a cabinet meeting the same day, it was suggested to seek written confirmation of this promise in an addendum to the protocol. Stauning agreed on these terms since it would effectively make the signing meaningless. The Danish foreign office drew up a list of four terms that stated that Denmark only committed itself to "police action" in Denmark and that the nation remained neutral. The German foreign ministry agreed to the terms, provided that the protocol was not made public, which was the intent of the Danish foreign ministry. </p><p>As Berlin grew tired of waiting, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> called Copenhagen on 23 November threatening to "cancel the peaceful occupation" unless Denmark complied. On 23 November, the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wehrmacht</i></span></i> in Denmark was put on alert, and Renthe-Fink met Stauning and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rochegune_Munch" title="Peter Rochegune Munch">Munch</a> at 10 AM stating that there would be no room for "parliamentary excuses". If the German demands were not met Germany "would no longer be committed by the promises given on 9 April 1940" (the threat of a state of war, a Nazi government, and territorial dismemberment). In a Cabinet meeting at 2 PM that day, Stauning, Scavenius, Munch and two additional ministers advocated accession; seven ministers opposed. In a meeting the same day in the Nine Man committee, three more ministers caved in, most notably Vilhelm Buhl, stating "Cooperation is the last shred of our defence". Prime Minister Stauning's notes from the day stated: <i>The objective is a political positioning. But this was established by the occupation. The danger of saying no—I would not like to see a <a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Terboven</a> here. Sign with addendum—that modifies the pact.</i><sup id="cite_ref-duh2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scavenius boarded a train and headed for Berlin, where he arrived on Monday 24 November. The next crisis came when he was met by Renthe-Fink, who informed him that Ribbentrop had informed Fink that there had been a "misunderstanding" regarding the four clauses and that clause 2 would be deleted. This had specified that Denmark only had police-like obligations. Scavenius had a strict mandate not to change a sentence and stated that he would be unable to return to Copenhagen with a different content from the one agreed upon, but that he was willing to reopen negotiations to clarify the matter further. This reply enraged Ribbentrop (and rumours claim that he was considering ordering the SS to arrest Scavenius). The task fell to German diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Ernst von Weizsäcker">Ernst von Weizsäcker</a> to patch up a compromise. He watered down the wording but left the content pretty intact. Nonetheless, for Scavenius it was a strong setback that the four clauses would now only get the status of a unilateral Danish declaration (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Aktennotitz</i></span></i>) with a comment on it by Fink that its content "no doubt" was in compliance with the pact. Furthermore, he was instructed to give a public speech while abstaining from mentioning the four clauses but only making general statements about Denmark's status as a neutral nation. Scavenius signed the pact. At the following reception, the Italian ambassador described Scavenius as "a fish dragged on land ... a small old gentleman in a suit asking himself how on earth he got to this place". Lidegaard comments that the old man remained defiant: during a conversation with Ribbentrop in which the latter complained about the "barbarous cannibalism" of Russian POWs, Scavenius rhetorically asked if that statement meant that Germany didn't feed her prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-duh2_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When news of the signing reached Denmark, it left the population outraged, and rumours immediately spread about what Denmark had now committed itself to. The cabinet sent a car to pick up Scavenius at the ferry, to keep him from needing to ride the train alone to Copenhagen. At the same time a large demonstration gathered outside of <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace" title="Christiansborg Palace">Parliament</a>, which led the Minister of Justice, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eigil_Thune_Jacobsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eigil Thune Jacobsen (page does not exist)">Eigil Thune Jacobsen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigil_Thune_Jacobsen" class="extiw" title="da:Eigil Thune Jacobsen">da</a>]</span> to remark that he did not like to see Danish police beating up students singing patriotic songs. When Scavenius had returned to Copenhagen, he asked the cabinet to debate once and for all where the red lines existed in Danish relations with Germany. This debate concluded that three red lines existed: </p> <ol><li>No legislation discriminating against Jews,</li> <li>Denmark should never join the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Pact</a> between Germany, Italy, and Japan,</li> <li>No unit of the Danish army should ever fight against foreign forces.</li></ol> <p>To the surprise of many, Scavenius accepted these instructions without hesitation.<sup id="cite_ref-duh2_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duh2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1942_telegram_crisis">The 1942 telegram crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The 1942 telegram crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telegram_Crisis" title="Telegram Crisis">Telegram Crisis</a></div> <p>In October 1942, Hitler transmitted a long, flattering birthday telegram to King Christian. The King replied with a simple <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">"Spreche Meinen besten Dank aus. Chr. Rex"</i></span></i> ("Giving my best thanks. King Christian") sending the <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a></i> into a state of rage at this deliberate slight, and seriously damaging Danish relations with Germany. Hitler immediately recalled his ambassador and expelled the Danish ambassador from Germany. The plenipotentiary, Renthe-Fink, was replaced by Werner Best and orders to crack down in Denmark were issued. Hitler also demanded that Erik Scavenius become prime minister, and all remaining Danish troops were ordered out of Jutland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Increasing_resistance_after_the_August_1943_crisis">Increasing resistance after the August 1943 crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Increasing resistance after the August 1943 crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv/220px--Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="605" data-mwtitle="Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv/Denmark_Fights_for_Freedom.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Denmark Fights for Freedom</i>, film about the Danish resistance movement from 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the war dragged on, the Danish population became increasingly hostile to the Germans. Soldiers stationed in Denmark had found most of the population cold and distant from the beginning of the occupation, but their willingness to cooperate had made the relationship workable. The government had attempted to discourage sabotage and violent resistance to the occupation, but by the autumn of 1942 the numbers of violent acts of resistance were increasing steadily to the point that Germany declared Denmark "enemy territory" for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-voorhis_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">El-Alamein</a> the incidents of resistance, violent and symbolic, increased rapidly. </p><p>In March 1943 the Germans allowed a general election to be held. The voter turnout was 89.5%, the highest in any Danish parliamentary election, and 94% cast their ballots for one of the democratic parties behind the cooperation policy while 2.2% voted for the anti-cooperation <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Samling" class="mw-redirect" title="Dansk Samling">Dansk Samling</a></i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2.1% voted for the National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, almost corresponding to the 1.8% the party had received in the <a href="/wiki/1939_Danish_Folketing_election" title="1939 Danish Folketing election">1939 elections</a>. The election, discontent, and a growing feeling of optimism that Germany would be defeated led to widespread <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_disturbance" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil disturbance">civil disturbances</a> in the summer of 1943. The Danish government refused to deal with the situation to the satisfaction of the Germans, who gave an ultimatum to the government, including the following demands, on 28 August 1943: </p> <ul><li>A ban on people assembling in public,</li> <li>outlawing strikes, the introduction of a curfew,</li> <li>censorship conducted with German assistance,</li> <li>special (German military) courts should be introduced, and</li> <li>death penalty in cases of sabotage.</li></ul> <p>In addition, the city of <a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a> was ordered to pay a fine of 1 million kroner for the death of a German soldier killed in that city and hostages were to be held as security.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Danish government refused, so on 29 August 1943 the Germans officially dissolved the Danish government and instituted <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>. The Danish cabinet handed in its resignation, but since King Christian never officially accepted it, the government remained functioning <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">de jure</i></span></i> until the end of the war. In reality—largely due to the initiative of the permanent secretary of foreign affairs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nils_Svenningsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nils Svenningsen (page does not exist)">Nils Svenningsen</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—all day-to-day business was handed over to Permanent Secretaries, who each effectively ran his own ministry. The Germans administered the rest of the country, and the Danish <a href="/wiki/Rigsdag" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigsdag">Parliament</a> did not convene for the remainder of the occupation. As the ministry of foreign affairs responsible for all negotiations with the Germans, Nils Svenningsen had a leading position in the government.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg/220px-N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg/330px-N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg/440px-N%C3%B8rrebro_Riot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>Barricades erected during a general strike, Nørrebro, Copenhagen, July 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>In anticipation of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Safari" title="Operation Safari">Operation Safari</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Royal Danish Navy</a> had instructed its captains to resist any German attempts to assume control over their vessels. The navy managed to scuttle 32 of its larger ships, while Germany succeeded in seizing 14 of the larger and 50 of the smaller vessels (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">patruljekuttere</i></span></i> or "patrol cutters"). The Germans later succeeded in raising and refitting 15 of the sunken ships. During the scuttling of the Danish fleet, a number of vessels were ordered to attempt an escape to Swedish waters, and 13 vessels succeeded in this attempt, including four larger ships; two other larger vessels remained at safe harbour in Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_ship" title="Coastal defence ship">coastal defence ship</a> <a href="/wiki/HDMS_Niels_Juel_(1918)" title="HDMS Niels Juel (1918)">HDMS <i>Niels Juel</i></a> attempted to break out of the <a href="/wiki/Isefjord" class="mw-redirect" title="Isefjord">Isefjord</a>, but was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isefjord" title="Battle of Isefjord">attacked by Stukas</a> and forced to run aground. By the autumn of 1944, the ships in Sweden officially formed a Danish naval <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotilla</a> in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, Swedish authorities allowed 500 Danish soldiers in Sweden to train themselves as "police troops". By the autumn of 1944, Sweden increased this number to 4,800 and recognized the entire unit as a <a href="/wiki/Danish_Brigade_in_Sweden" title="Danish Brigade in Sweden">Danish brigade in exile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Danish collaboration continued on the administrative level, with Danish bureaucracy functioning under German command. </p><p>In September 1943, a variety of resistance groups grouped together into the Danish Freedom Council, which coordinated resistance activities. A high-profile resister was former government minister <a href="/wiki/John_Christmas_M%C3%B8ller" title="John Christmas Møller">John Christmas Møller</a>, who had fled to England in 1942 and became a widely popular commentator because of his broadcasts to the nation on <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> radio. </p><p>After the fall of the government, Denmark was exposed to the full extent of occupational rule. In October the Germans decided to remove all Jews from Denmark, German diplomat <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ferdinand_Duckwitz" title="Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz">Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz</a> leaked Nazi plans, and <a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">swift action</a> by Danish civilians transported the vast majority of Danish Jews to safety in neutral Sweden in fishing vessels and motorboats. The entire evacuation lasted two months and one man helped ferry more than 1,400 Jews to safety.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unencumbered by government opposition, <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> increased greatly in frequency and severity, though it was rarely of very serious concern to the Germans. Nonetheless, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance movement</a> had some successes, such as on <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a> when the train network in Denmark was disrupted for days, delaying the arrival of German reinforcements in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. An underground government was established, and the <a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">illegal press</a> flourished. Allied governments, which had been sceptical about the country's commitment to fight Germany, began recognizing Denmark as a full ally.<sup id="cite_ref-voorhis_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen,_2nd_June_1945_(9265918651).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen%2C_2nd_June_1945_%289265918651%29.jpg/220px-Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen%2C_2nd_June_1945_%289265918651%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen%2C_2nd_June_1945_%289265918651%29.jpg/330px-Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen%2C_2nd_June_1945_%289265918651%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen%2C_2nd_June_1945_%289265918651%29.jpg/440px-Returning_prisoners_from_the_concentration_camp_Stutthof._Copenhagen%2C_2nd_June_1945_%289265918651%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Returning prisoners from the <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a>, Copenhagen, June 1945.</figcaption></figure> <p>The permanent secretary of the ministry of foreign affairs, Nils Svenningsen, in January 1944 suggested establishing a Danish camp, to avoid deportations to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Werner Best accepted this suggestion, but on condition that this camp was built close to the German border. <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B8slev_Prison_Camp" title="Frøslev Prison Camp">Frøslev Prison Camp</a> was set up in August 1944, solely to keep Danish Jews and other prisoners within Denmark's borders.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gestapo had limited trust in the Danish police force, which had a total 10,000 members;<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1,960 of them were <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Danish_police" title="Deportation of the Danish police">arrested and deported to Germany</a> on 19 September 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denmark faced some serious economic problems during the war. The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Denmark" title="Economy of Denmark">Danish economy</a> was fundamentally hurt by the rising cost of raw material imports such as coal and <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>. Furthermore, Denmark lost its main trading partner at that point, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>. During years of occupation the Danish economy was more and more aligned on meeting German demands, which mainly meant agrarian products. The Danish authorities took an active part in the development and even initiated negotiations on a customs union. Those negotiations failed on the question whether the Danish krone should be abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a> against Germany affected Denmark too with unfortunate results. Since the country has virtually no <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources">natural resources</a> of its own it was very vulnerable to these price shocks and shortages. The government had foreseen the possibility of coal and oil shortages and had stockpiled some before the war, which, combined with <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationing</a>, prevented some of the worst potential problems from coming to the country. The disruptions to the European trading network were also damaging to the economy, but all things considered, Denmark did quite well compared to other countries during the war. </p><p>The country, at least certain sections of it, did so well that it has been open to the accusation of <a href="/wiki/War_profiteer" class="mw-redirect" title="War profiteer">profiteering from the war</a>. After the war there was some effort to find and punish profiteers, but the consequences and scope of these trials were far less severe than in many other countries, largely a reflection of the general acceptance of the realistic need for cooperation with Germany. On the whole, though the country fared relatively well, this is only a relative measure. Phil Giltner has worked out that Germany had a "debt" of roughly 6.9 billion kroner to Denmark as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-giltner_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giltner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that they had taken far more out of the Danish economy than they had put in, aside from the negative side effects of the war on trade. The German debt had accumulated due to an arrangement with the Danish central bank, in which the German occupation forces could draw on a special account there to pay their bills from Danish suppliers. Exports to Germany were also largely settled this way. The arrangement was agreed to for fear of German soldiers helping themselves without paying, and the conflicts that might follow. It also meant that the Danish central bank was picking up a large part of the tab for the German occupation, and that the money supply rose drastically as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_currency_reform">Post-war currency reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Post-war currency reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Danmarks_Nationalbank" title="Danmarks Nationalbank">Danish National Bank</a> estimates that the occupation had resulted in the printing press increasing the currency supply from the pre-war figure of 400 million kroner to 1,600 million, much of which ended up in the hands of war profiteers. In July 1945, two months after the liberation of Denmark, the Danish Parliament passed an emergency law initiating a currency reform, making all old banknotes void. A small number of employees at the National Bank had clandestinely begun the production of new banknotes in late 1943. The production of new notes happened without the knowledge of the German forces located at the bank, and by the spring of 1945 the bank's stock of notes was sufficient to initiate the exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law required was passed hastily on Friday 20 July and published the same day; it also closed all shops for the weekend. By Monday 23 July, all old notes were officially outlawed as legal tender and any note not declared in a bank by 30 July would lose its value. This law allowed any Dane to exchange a total of 100 kroner to new notes, no questions asked. An amount up to 500 kroner could be exchanged, provided the owner signed a written statement explaining its origins. Any amount above this level would be deposited in an <a href="/wiki/Escrow" title="Escrow">escrow</a> account and only released or exchanged following scrutiny by tax officials examining the validity of the person's statement about the origins of this wealth. All existing <a href="/wiki/Bank_account" title="Bank account">bank accounts</a> were also scrutinized. Multiple exchanges of cash by the same person were avoided by the requirement that currency would only be exchanged to anybody also handing in a specified <a href="/wiki/Ration_stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Ration stamp">ration stamp</a>, previously issued in a different context, which had not yet been authorized for use.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exchange resulted in a significant drop in the currency supply, and around 20% of the 3,000 million kroner property declared had not previously been registered by the tax authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates vary for the amounts of currency simply destroyed by its owners. All banknotes issued since the changeover date remain valid indefinitely; earlier ones are not valid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardship_and_the_end_of_the_war">Hardship and the end of the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hardship and the end of the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg/220px-Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg/330px-Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg/440px-Closed_due_to_happiness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption><i>Closed due to happiness.</i> Two Danish resistance fighters are guarding a shop while the owner is celebrating the liberation of Denmark on 5 May 1945. The man on the left is wearing a captured German <a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">Stahlhelm</a>, the one on the right is holding a <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a> gun.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Denmark was liberated from German rule in May 1945 by British forces commanded by Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a>; the easternmost island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> was liberated by Soviet forces, who remained there for almost a year. On 5 April 1946 the last Soviets left Bornholm. The end of German rule is in Denmark known as <i>Befrielsen</i> (the Liberation).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Denmark was spared many of the difficulties other areas of Europe suffered, its population still experienced hardships, particularly after the Germans took charge in 1943. Yet on the whole, Denmark can be said to have suffered the least of all the European combatants from the war.<sup id="cite_ref-giltner_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giltner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many were killed and imprisoned because of their work resisting the German authorities. There were small bombing raids on select targets in the country, but nothing comparable to that suffered by, for instance, neighbouring Norway or the Netherlands. One area that was badly damaged was the island of Bornholm, largely due to <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> bombardment of the German garrison there in the very last days of the war. </p><p>About 380 members of the resistance were killed during the war: they are commemorated in <a href="/wiki/Ryvangen_Memorial_Park" title="Ryvangen Memorial Park">Ryvangen Memorial Park</a>. Roughly 900 Danish civilians were killed in a variety of ways: either by being caught in air raids, killed during civil disturbances, or in reprisal killings, the so-called "clearing" murders. Thirty-nine Danish soldiers were killed or injured during the invasion, and four were killed on 29 August 1943 when the Germans dissolved the Danish government. Some sources estimate that about 360 Danes died in concentration camps. The largest groups of fatalities were amongst Danish merchant sailors, who continued to operate throughout the war, most falling victim to submarines. Some 1,850 sailors died. Just over 100 soldiers died as part of Allied forces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg/220px-People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg/330px-People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg/440px-People_celebrating_the_liberation_of_Denmark._5th_May_1945._At_Str%C3%B8get_in_Copenhagen..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>People celebrating the liberation of Denmark at Strøget in Copenhagen, 5 May 1945. Germany surrendered two days later.</figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 6,000 Danes were sent to concentration camps during World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom about 600 (10%) died. In comparison with other countries this is a relatively low mortality rate in the concentration camps. </p><p>After the war, 40,000 people were arrested on suspicion of <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaboration</a>. Of these, 13,500 were punished in some way. 78 received <a href="/wiki/Death_sentence" class="mw-redirect" title="Death sentence">death sentences</a>, of which 46 were carried out. Most received prison sentences of under four years. Many people criticized the process for victimizing "small" people disproportionately, while many politicians and businesses were left untouched. One difficult issue was deciding what to do with collaborators who were essentially "following orders" that their own government had given them, such as business executives who had been encouraged to work with the Germans. </p><p>Although some members of the resistance tried to organize new political parties after the war to reshape the political order in Denmark, they were unable to do so. The only party that appeared to receive a significant boost from resistance was the Communist Party. The Communists received about one-eighth of the popular vote in the <a href="/wiki/1945_Danish_Folketing_election" title="1945 Danish Folketing election">October 1945 elections</a>. </p><p>On 5 May 1945, Denmark was officially free of German control. Citizens all over the country took down the black shades that had been used to cover their windows during bombing raids and made bonfires of them in the streets. Allied troops (mostly Soviet soldiers) were released from prisons all over the country and paraded down streets in Copenhagen, Aarhus, and other cities. In Aarhus, young women known or believed to have had relationships with German soldiers were dragged through the streets before crowds of people and had most of their hair cut off. They were then forced to march down the street to be humiliated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the end of hostilities, over two thousand German prisoners of war were made to clear the vast minefields that had been laid on the west coast of Jutland, nearly half of them being either killed or wounded in the process. As part of a controversial agreement reached by the German Commander General <a href="/wiki/Georg_Lindemann" title="Georg Lindemann">Georg Lindemann</a>, the Danish Government and the British Armed Forces, German soldiers with experience in defusing mines were in charge of clearing the mine fields.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="RS in English are plentiful (March 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_refugees">German refugees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: German refugees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the final weeks of the war, between 9 February and 9 May, several hundred thousand German refugees fled across the Baltic Sea, fleeing the advancing Soviet Army. For the most part, the refugees were from <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>. Many of the refugees were women, children, or elderly. Many were malnourished, exhausted, or seriously ill. A third of the refugees were younger than 15 years old. </p><p>The German authorities gave the refugees a privileged status, seizing Danish schools, church houses, hotels, factories, and sports facilities for refugee housing. At the same time, thousands of Danes were deported to German prisons and concentration camps. German terror against Danish resistance fighters and civilians increased in these final months. The general sentiment among Danes saw the arrival of refugees as a new, violent German occupation. </p><p>At the time of the German capitulation there were about 250,000 German refugees in Denmark. Already at the end of April, the German military authorities seemed to have lost control of the situation; many refugees had no food, the sick were not treated, mortality was high, and unburied dead bodies were stored in warehouses and cellars—although this was the result of different priorities in negotiations on aid between German and Danish authorities. The Danish negotiators, led by secretary of state Nils Svenningsen, would only agree provided that approximately 4,000 Danish citizens, mainly policemen, who were being detained in German concentration camps, were liberated. German authorities, on the other hand, would only agree if those policemen would take an active part in defeating the Danish resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the capitulation, the refugee administration was handed over to Danish authorities. Refugees were gradually moved from over 1,000 smaller locations to new-built camps or previous German military barracks, some of which held over 20,000 refugees. The largest of the camps, <a href="/wiki/Oksb%C3%B8l_Refugee_Camp" title="Oksbøl Refugee Camp">Oksbøl Refugee Camp</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Oksb%C3%B8l" title="Oksbøl">Oksbøl</a> on the west coast of Jutland, held 37,000 refugees. Camps were placed behind barbed wire and guarded by military personnel to avoid contact with the Danish population. </p><p>In some of the camps, food rations were scarce and medical care was inadequate. In 1945 alone, more than 13,000 people died, among them some 7,000 children under the age of five.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation was worst in the months right before and after the capitulation when Danish hospitals and doctors were reluctant to treat German refugees. The reason for this was not only anti-German resentment, but also lack of resources, the time needed to rebuild administrative structures, and the fear of epidemic diseases which were highly prevalent among the refugees. Instead, Danish authorities established a camp-internal medical system with German medical personnel which took some time to work adequately. In the camps, there was school education for children up to the upper secondary level, work duty for adults, study circles, theatre, music, and self-issued German newspapers. After initial inadequacy, food rations became more sufficient. </p><p>On 24 July 1945, the British occupation force, contrary to Danish expectations, decided that the refugees must stay in Denmark until the situation in Germany had stabilized. The first refugees were returned to Germany in November 1946 and the last ones in February 1949. Very few stayed in Denmark for good.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danmarks_Befrielse,_Sdr_Hygum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Danmarks_Befrielse%2C_Sdr_Hygum.jpg/220px-Danmarks_Befrielse%2C_Sdr_Hygum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Danmarks_Befrielse%2C_Sdr_Hygum.jpg/330px-Danmarks_Befrielse%2C_Sdr_Hygum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Danmarks_Befrielse%2C_Sdr_Hygum.jpg/440px-Danmarks_Befrielse%2C_Sdr_Hygum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The policy of the government, called <i>samarbejdspolitikken</i> (cooperation policy) is one of the most controversial issues in Danish history.<sup id="cite_ref-Bertel_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bertel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians argue that the relatively accommodating policy which did not actively resist the occupation was the only realistic way of safeguarding Danish democracy and people.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, others argue that accommodation was taken too far, was uniquely compliant when compared to other democratic governments in Europe, and cannot be seen as part of a coherent long-term strategy to protect democracy in Denmark or Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Bertel_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bertel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003 Danish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> characterized the cooperation as "morally unjustifiable," the only time a Danish leader had condemned the war-era leadership,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though Anders Fogh Rasmussen's opponents construed it as a justification for his own ambitions, in connection with the invasion of Iraq in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTAP_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTAP-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_invasion_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasion of Iceland">British invasion of Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Danish_police" title="Deportation of the Danish police">Deportation of the Danish police</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/art5490859/The-diaries-Quisling-sealed-Denmarks-WWII-fate">"The diaries: Quisling sealed Denmark's WWII fate"</a>. Politico.dk. 20 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+diaries%3A+Quisling+sealed+Denmark%27s+WWII+fate&rft.pub=Politico.dk&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitiken.dk%2Fnewsinenglish%2Fart5490859%2FThe-diaries-Quisling-sealed-Denmarks-WWII-fate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milhist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-milhist_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaursen1997" class="citation web cs1">Laursen, Gert (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306144404/http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/ww2stat/ww2stat.html">"The Occupation in Numbers"</a>. <i>milhist.dk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/ww2stat/ww2stat.html">the original</a> on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=milhist.dk&rft.atitle=The+Occupation+in+Numbers&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Laursen&rft.aufirst=Gert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milhist.dk%2Fbesattelsen%2Fww2stat%2Fww2stat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensenPoulsenSmith2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Claus_Bundg%C3%A5rd_Christensen" title="Claus Bundgård Christensen">Christensen, Claus Bundgård</a>; Poulsen, N. B.; Smith, P. S. (2006). <i>Under hagekors og Dannebrog : danskere i Waffen SS 1940–45</i> [<i>Under Svastika and Dannebrog : Danes in Waffen SS 1940–45</i>] (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Aschehoug_(Egmont)" title="Aschehoug (Egmont)">Aschehoug</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">492–</span>494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-11-11843-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-11-11843-6"><bdi>978-87-11-11843-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+hagekors+og+Dannebrog+%3A+danskere+i+Waffen+SS+1940%E2%80%9345&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E492-%3C%2Fspan%3E494&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-87-11-11843-6&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Claus+Bundg%C3%A5rd&rft.au=Poulsen%2C+N.+B.&rft.au=Smith%2C+P.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaruso2014" class="citation news cs1">Caruso, Jesper Dahl (20 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/samfund/2014-03-20-oprejsning-til-danske-krigssejlere">"Oprejsning til danske krigssejlere"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">nyheder.tv2.dk</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nyheder.tv2.dk&rft.atitle=Oprejsning+til+danske+krigssejlere&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.aulast=Caruso&rft.aufirst=Jesper+Dahl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyhederne.tv2.dk%2Fsamfund%2F2014-03-20-oprejsning-til-danske-krigssejlere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/20217/valg1943.pdf">"Rigsdagsvalgene i Marts og April 1943"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Danmarks Statistic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rigsdagsvalgene+i+Marts+og+April+1943&rft.pub=Danmarks+Statistic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dst.dk%2Fpukora%2Fepub%2Fupload%2F20217%2Fvalg1943.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/besa">"Besættelsen 1940-45"</a>. <i>Faktalink</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Faktalink&rft.atitle=Bes%C3%A6ttelsen+1940-45&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaktalink.dk%2Ftitelliste%2Fbesa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollandSandbrook2022" class="citation podcast cs1">Holland, Tom; Sandbrook, Dominic (15 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/284-denmark-the-great-escape/id1537788786?i=1000590346489">"284. Denmark: The Great Escape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rest_Is_History_(podcast)" title="The Rest Is History (podcast)">The Rest Is History</a></i> (Podcast).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=284.+Denmark%3A+The+Great+Escape&rft.date=2022-12-15&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Sandbrook%2C+Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpodcasts.apple.com%2Fgb%2Fpodcast%2F284-denmark-the-great-escape%2Fid1537788786%3Fi%3D1000590346489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dethlef-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dethlef_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dethlef_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dethlef_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henrik Dethlefsen, "Denmark and the German Occupation: Cooperation, Negotiation, or Collaboration," <i>Scandinavian Journal of History</i>. 15:3 (1990), pp. 193, 201–202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hæstrup-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hæstrup_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hæstrup_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jørgen Hæstrup, <i>Secret Alliance: A Study of the Danish Resistance Movement 1940–45</i>. Odense, 1976. p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RiseFall-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RiseFall_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Shirer, <i>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</i> (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), p. 663.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlemming_Østergaard2010" class="citation news cs1">Flemming Østergaard (19 March 2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kpn.dk/boger/article2014662.ece">"Dan Hilfling Petersen: 9 April 1940 – hele historien. Hvad der virkelig skete"</a></span> [The whole history; what really happened]. <i><a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten" title="Jyllands-Posten">Jyllands-Posten</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jyllands-Posten&rft.atitle=Dan+Hilfling+Petersen%3A+9+April+1940+%E2%80%93+hele+historien.+Hvad+der+virkelig+skete&rft.date=2010-03-19&rft.au=Flemming+%C3%98stergaard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkpn.dk%2Fboger%2Farticle2014662.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulsen1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Poulsen, Henning (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GfShF3M8Qa0C&q=%22Sahnefront%22+D%C3%A4nemark&pg=PA379">"Die Deutschen Besatzungspolitik in Dänemark"</a>. In Bohn, Robert; Elvert, Jürgen; Rebas, Hain; Salewski, Michael (eds.). <i>Neutralität und Totalitäre Aggression</i> (in German). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-05887-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-05887-2"><bdi>978-3-515-05887-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Deutschen+Besatzungspolitik+in+D%C3%A4nemark&rft.btitle=Neutralit%C3%A4t+und+Totalit%C3%A4re+Aggression&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-3-515-05887-2&rft.aulast=Poulsen&rft.aufirst=Henning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGfShF3M8Qa0C%26q%3D%2522Sahnefront%2522%2BD%25C3%25A4nemark%26pg%3DPA379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mogens R. Nissen: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/nordeuropaforum/2004-1/nissen-mogens-r.-25/XML/">Prices on food 1940–1945: Nazi price policy in occupied Denmark</a>", <i>Nord-Europa Forum</i> (2004:1) pp. 25–44. Accessed 14 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phil Giltner, "In the friendliest manner: German-Danish economic cooperation during the Nazi occupation of 1940–1949," Peter Lang: 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henning Poulsen, "<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Dansk Modstand og Tysk Politik</i></span>" ("Danish opposition and German Politics") in <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Jyske Historiker</i></span></i> 71(1995), p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-giltner-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-giltner_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-giltner_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-giltner_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-giltner_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Phil Giltner, "The Success of Collaboration: Denmark’s Self-Assessment of its Economic Position after Five Years of Nazi Occupation," in <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i> 36:3 (2001) pp. 486, 488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poulsen2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poulsen2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poulsen2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henning Poulsen, "<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Hvad mente Danskerne?</i></span>" <i>Historie</i> 2 (2000) p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-voorhis-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-voorhis_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voorhis_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voorhis_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voorhis_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voorhis_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voorhis_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Voorhis, 1972 pp. 174–176, 179, 181, 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Giltner, "Trade in 'Phoney' Wartime: The Danish-German 'Maltese' Agreement of 9 October 1939". <i>The International History Review</i>, Vol. 19, No. 2 (May 1997), pp. 333–346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184814/http://forsvaret.dk/FKO/Nyt+og+Presse/Arkiver/Nyhedsarkiv/Nyheder/2003/29+aug+2003.htm">"Hvad var det, der skete den 29. august 1943 tidligt om morgenen?"</a> [What was it that happened on 29 August 1943 early in the morning?] (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norwegian Armed Forces</a>. 29 August 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forsvaret.dk/FKO/Nyt+og+Presse/Arkiver/Nyhedsarkiv/Nyheder/2003/29+aug+2003.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hvad+var+det%2C+der+skete+den+29.+august+1943+tidligt+om+morgenen%3F&rft.pub=Norwegian+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2003-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforsvaret.dk%2FFKO%2FNyt%2Bog%2BPresse%2FArkiver%2FNyhedsarkiv%2FNyheder%2F2003%2F29%2Baug%2B2003.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H.M. Lunding (1970), <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Stemplet fortroligt</i></span></i>, 3rd ed., Gyldendal <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunding,_efterretningsvæsen_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">H.M. Lunding (1970), <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Stemplet fortroligt</i></span></i>, 3rd ed., Gyldendal, pp. 68–72. <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bjørn Pedersen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://befrielsen1945.emu.dk/temaer/befrielsen/jubel/index.html">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080212002426/http://befrielsen1945.emu.dk/temaer/befrielsen/jubel/index.html">Archived</a> 12 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Jubel og glæde</i></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080212002426/http://befrielsen1945.emu.dk/temaer/befrielsen/jubel/index.html">Archived</a> 12 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 28 October 2001 <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span>. Accessed 14 December 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Oram Thomas, <i>The Giant Killers</i>, (London: 1975), p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Buckser, "Rescue and Cultural Context During the Holocaust: Grundtvigian Nationalism and the Rescue of Danish Jews", <i>Shofar</i> 19:2 (2001) p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Flender, Rescue in Denmark, (New York: 1963) p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duh1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duh1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh1_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh1_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh1_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bo Lidegaard (ed.) (2003): <i>Dansk Udenrigspolitiks historie</i>, vol. 4, pp. 461–463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kongehuset.dk/nyheder/historien-bag-konge-emblemet">"Historien bag Konge-Emblemet"</a>. <i>www.kongehuset.dk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kongehuset.dk&rft.atitle=Historien+bag+Konge-Emblemet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kongehuset.dk%2Fnyheder%2Fhistorien-bag-konge-emblemet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duh2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duh2_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh2_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh2_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duh2_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bo Lidegaard (ed.) (2003): <i>Dansk Udenrigspolitiks historie</i>, vol. 4, pp. 474–483</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbh.hk.dk/PDF/HK100_32-35.pdf">HK København</a> (now behind paywall)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825020740/http://www.4maj.dk/PDF-filer/Vesterbro%20under%20II.%20V.K..pdf">"Vesterbro under den anden verdenskrig"</a> [Vesterbro during World War II] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Danish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4maj.dk/PDF-filer/Vesterbro%20under%20II.%20V.K..pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vesterbro+under+den+anden+verdenskrig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.4maj.dk%2FPDF-filer%2FVesterbro%2520under%2520II.%2520V.K..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaarsted, Tage (1976) <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">De danske ministerier 1929–1953</i></span></i> <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Pensionsforsikringsanstalten</i></span>, p. 220. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-17-05104-5" title="Special:BookSources/87-17-05104-5">87-17-05104-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jørgen Hæstrup (1979), "Departementschefstyret" in Hæstrup, Jørgen; Kirchhoff, Hans; Poulsen, Henning; Petersen, Hjalmar (eds.) <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Besættelsen 1940–45</i></span></i> <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span>. Politiken, p. 109. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-567-3203-1" title="Special:BookSources/87-567-3203-1">87-567-3203-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071110034554/http://www.marinehistorie.dk/Danish/Tidslinie/Maanedsvis/08_Aug.htm">"Søværnets mærkedage - August"</a>. <i>www.marinehistorie.dk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinehistorie.dk/Danish/Tidslinie/Maanedsvis/08_Aug.htm">the original</a> on 10 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marinehistorie.dk&rft.atitle=S%C3%B8v%C3%A6rnets+m%C3%A6rkedage+-+August&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinehistorie.dk%2FDanish%2FTidslinie%2FMaanedsvis%2F08_Aug.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070816205702/http://navalhistory.dk/Danish/Historien/1939_1945/dk_efter29august.htm">"<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Flåden efter 29. August 1943</i></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navalhistory.dk/danish/Historien/1939_1945/dk_efter29august.htm">the original</a> on 16 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Danish-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22da%22%3EFl%C3%A5den+efter+29.+August+1943%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navalhistory.dk%2Fdanish%2FHistorien%2F1939_1945%2Fdk_efter29august.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026222219/http://www.marinehistorie.dk/Danish/Historien/1939_1945/DenDanskeFlotille.htm">"Den danske Flotille 1944–1945"</a>. 26 October 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinehistorie.dk/Danish/Historien/1939_1945/DenDanskeFlotille.htm">the original</a> on 26 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Den+danske+Flotille+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.date=2005-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinehistorie.dk%2FDanish%2FHistorien%2F1939_1945%2FDenDanskeFlotille.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danforce.dk/article/articleview/2/1/1/"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Den Danske Brigade "Danforce", Sverige 1943–45</i></span></a>. Accessed 14 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_oi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005209&MediaId=1657">Biography of Preben Munch-Nielsen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614010204/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_oi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005209&MediaId=1657">Archived</a> 14 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Gads leksikon om dansk besættelsestid 1940–1945</i></span>" 2002. p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heard from Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nils Svenningsen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>19. September</i> by Carl Aage Redlich, 1945, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Meyer-Gohde: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/nordeuropaforum/2006-2/meyer-gohde-ruth-51/PDF/meyer-gohde.pdf"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Dänemarks wirtschaftspolitische Reaktion auf die Besetzung des Landes 1940/41</i></span></a>", <i>Nord-Europa-Forum</i> (2006:2), pp. 51–70 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>. Accessed 14 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbanken.dk/da/om_nationalbanken/historie/Sider/1940-1949---Bes%C3%A6ttelse,-pengeombytning-og-etablering-af-IMF.aspx">"1940–1949 – Besættelse, pengeombytning og etablering af IMF"</a>. <i>www.nationalbanken.dk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nationalbanken.dk&rft.atitle=1940%E2%80%931949+%E2%80%93+Bes%C3%A6ttelse%2C+pengeombytning+og+etablering+af+IMF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalbanken.dk%2Fda%2Fom_nationalbanken%2Fhistorie%2FSider%2F1940-1949---Bes%25C3%25A6ttelse%2C-pengeombytning-og-etablering-af-IMF.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbanken.dk/dndk/hist.nsf/side/Pengeombytning"><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Historiske snapshot, Pengeombytning</i></span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108101027/http://www.nationalbanken.dk/dndk/hist.nsf/side/Pengeombytning">Archived</a> 8 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 5 October 2011, Nationalbanken. Accessed 14 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925100509/http://www.gladsaxegymnasium.dk/2/sedler/dop/dopl.htm">"<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Danmarks officielle Pengesedler</i></span>"</a>. 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Die Verhandlungen über medizinische Hilfe für deutsche Flüchtlinge in Dänemark am Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs</i></span></a>" in <i>Nord-Europa-Forum</i> (2009:2) pp. 37–59 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>. 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Accessed 14 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bertel-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bertel_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bertel_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertel2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bertel, Haarder (21 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.information.dk/112531">"Nye myter om samarbejdspolitikken"</a> [New myths about the "cooperation policy]. <i>Information</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Contemporary European History 14.03 (2005): 295–315.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Flender, Harold. <i>Rescue in Denmark</i>. New York: Holocaust Library, 1963.</li> <li>Dethlefsen, Henrik. "Denmark and the German Occupation: Cooperation, Negotiation, or Collaboration," <i>Scandinavian Journal of History</i>. 15:3 (1990), pp. 193–206.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiltner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Giltner, Phil (2001). 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Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-6819-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-6819-8"><bdi>978-0-8204-6819-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/58158">the original</a> on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defiant+Diplomacy%3A+Henrik+Kauffmann%2C+Denmark%2C+and+the+United+States+in+World+War+II+and+the+Cold+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931958&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-6819-8&rft.aulast=Lidegaard&rft.aufirst=Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterlang.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F58158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLund2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lund, Joachim (2004). "Denmark and the'European New Order', 1940–1942". <i>Contemporary European History</i>. <b>13</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">305–</span>321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0960777304001742">10.1017/S0960777304001742</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153464823">153464823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+European+History&rft.atitle=Denmark+and+the%27European+New+Order%27%2C+1940%E2%80%931942.&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E321&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0960777304001742&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153464823%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLund2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lund, Joachim (2010). "Building Hitler's Europe: Forced Labor in the Danish Construction Business during World War II". <i>Business History Review</i>. <b>84</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">479–</span>499. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000768050000221X">10.1017/S000768050000221X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154588369">154588369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History+Review&rft.atitle=Building+Hitler%27s+Europe%3A+Forced+Labor+in+the+Danish+Construction+Business+during+World+War+II.&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E479-%3C%2Fspan%3E499&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000768050000221X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154588369%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLund2013" class="citation journal cs1">Lund, Joachim (2013). "The Wages of Collaboration: the German food crisis 1939–1945 and the supplies from Denmark". <i>Scandinavian Journal of History</i>. <b>38</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">480–</span>501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03468755.2013.817778">10.1080/03468755.2013.817778</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144011460">144011460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=The+Wages+of+Collaboration%3A+the+German+food+crisis+1939%E2%80%931945+and+the+supplies+from+Denmark.&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E480-%3C%2Fspan%3E501&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03468755.2013.817778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144011460%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoorhis1972" class="citation journal cs1">Voorhis, Jerry (1972). "Germany and Denmark: 1940–45". <i>Scandinavian Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Studies&rft.atitle=Germany+and+Denmark%3A+1940%E2%80%9345&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Voorhis&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="in_Danish">in Danish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: in Danish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Gads leksikon om dansk besættelsestid 1940–1945</i></span>" (2002).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundbak1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lundbak, Henrik (1996). <i>Besættelsestid og frihedskamp 1940–45</i> (in Danish). København: Frihedsmuseet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-89384-40-7" title="Special:BookSources/87-89384-40-7"><bdi>87-89384-40-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bes%C3%A6ttelsestid+og+frihedskamp+1940%E2%80%9345&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.pub=Frihedsmuseet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=87-89384-40-7&rft.aulast=Lundbak&rft.aufirst=Henrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiemke2000" class="citation book cs1">Ziemke, Earl F. (2000) [1960]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071230145455/http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_0.htm">"The German Decision to Invade Norway and Denmark"</a>. In Kent Roberts Greenfield (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_0.htm"><i>Command Decisions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. CMH Pub 70-7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_02.htm">the original</a> on 30 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+German+Decision+to+Invade+Norway+and+Denmark&rft.btitle=Command+Decisions&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2F70-7_02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark+in+World+War+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark_in_World_War_II&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/paw/206.html">Agreement between U.S. Secretary of State and Danish Minister on the status of Greenland April 10, 1941</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716065226/http://www.statsbiblioteket.dk/dlh/ak/htdocs/sepost.php?postid=384">The BBC's Danish broadcast, 4 May 1945, 20:30 announcing the surrender of the German army units in Denmark</a> (audio, RealPlayer)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013163821/http://buchenwald.libsyn.com/">Podcast with one of 2,000 Danish policemen in Buchenwald.</a> Episode 2 is about Denmark during World War II.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.besaettelsessamlingen.dk/docs/default1.asp">Besaettelsessamlingen, web museum about Denmark 1940–45</a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.1663466"><i>Denmark Fights for Freedom (1944)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan157" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template talk:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan157" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis forces">Axis forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italian</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albanian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanian_collaboration_with_the_Axis" title="Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis">Cham Albanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglione_Azad_Hindoustan" title="Battaglione Azad Hindoustan">Battaglione Azad Hindoustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Home_Defence" title="Belarusian Home Defence">Belarusian Home Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Blue Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">Croatian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Kalmykian Cavalry Corps">Kalmykian Cavalry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian Auxiliary Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Committee of Azerbaijan">National Committee of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army" title="National Republican Army">National Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romanian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Royal Hungarian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Iraqi Army">Royal Iraqi Army</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Russian People's Liberation Army">Russian People's Liberation Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Expeditionary_Army_Group" title="Slovak Expeditionary Army Group">Slovak Expeditionary Army Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">Waffen-SS foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_enrolment_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Military enrolment in German-occupied Poland">Polish Wehrmacht Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arakan Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Columns" title="Black Columns">Black Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army" title="Burma Independence Army">Burma Independence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Wars" title="Xinjiang Wars">Central Asian collaborators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chin Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborationist_Chinese_Army" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">Collaborationist Chinese Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Defenders of the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gando_Special_Force" title="Gando Special Force">Gando Special Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiho" title="Heiho">Heiho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Indian_National_Army" title="First Indian National Army">First Indian National Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_Army" title="Inner Mongolian Army">Inner Mongolian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Malayan Volunteer Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Manchukuo Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Asano Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Taiwanese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasago_Volunteers" title="Takasago Volunteers">Takasago Volunteers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vietnamese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Youth_(Vietnam)" title="Vanguard Youth (Vietnam)">Vanguard Youth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis countries">Axis countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Albania">German Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Byelorussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <small>(limited)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Danish_resistance_movement152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danish_resistance_movement" title="Template:Danish resistance movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danish_resistance_movement" title="Template talk:Danish resistance movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danish_resistance_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danish resistance movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Danish_resistance_movement152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_General_Staff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Small General Staff (page does not exist)">Small General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Freedom_Council" title="Danish Freedom Council">Danish Freedom Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg/150px-Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg/225px-Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg/300px-Danish_Resistance_Armband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="286" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aagaard_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aagaard group (page does not exist)">Aagaard group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMPA_(resistance_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMPA (resistance group) (page does not exist)">AMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOPA" title="BOPA">BOPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Club" title="Churchill Club">Churchill Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Denmark" title="Communist Party of Denmark">DKP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dannevirke_(resistance_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dannevirke (resistance group) (page does not exist)">Dannevirke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Citizen_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Citizen Force (page does not exist)">Danish Citizen Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Unity" title="Danish Unity">Danish Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Brigade_in_Sweden" title="Danish Brigade in Sweden">Danish Brigade in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Denmark (page does not exist)">Free Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holger_Danske_(resistance_group)" title="Holger Danske (resistance group)">Holger Danske</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_Front_(resistance_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home Front (resistance group) (page does not exist)">Home Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvidsten_Group" title="Hvidsten Group">Hvidsten Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-groups" title="L-groups">L-groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polytechnique_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polytechnique Battalion (page does not exist)">Polytechnique Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priests_Unofficial_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priests Unofficial Association (page does not exist)">Priests Unofficial Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Air_Force_Club_(resistance_group)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Air Force Club (resistance group) (page does not exist)">Royal Air Force Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsing_Group" title="Samsing Group">Samsing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_(resistance_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ring (resistance group)">The Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Students_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Students Intelligence (page does not exist)">Students Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Kolonne" title="5 Kolonne">5 Kolonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Allen_(resistance_member)" title="Alma Allen (resistance member)">Alma Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Andersen_(resistance_member)" title="Poul Andersen (resistance member)">Poul Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Dyrberg" title="Gunnar Dyrberg">Gunnar Dyrberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Fiil" title="Marius Fiil">Marius Fiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogens_Fog" title="Mogens Fog">Mogens Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erling_Foss" title="Erling Foss">Erling Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Freuchen" title="Peter Freuchen">Peter Freuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Husfeldt" title="Erik Husfeldt">Erik Husfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frode_Jakobsen" title="Frode Jakobsen">Frode Jakobsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Kieler" title="Jørgen Kieler">Jørgen Kieler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Lassen" title="Anders Lassen">Anders Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Lillelund" title="Jens Lillelund">Jens Lillelund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Malthe-Bruun" title="Kim Malthe-Bruun">Kim Malthe-Bruun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christmas_M%C3%B8ller" title="John Christmas Møller">John Christmas Møller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemming_Muus" title="Flemming Muus">Flemming Muus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svend_Otto_Nielsen" title="Svend Otto Nielsen">Svend Otto (John) Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Pedersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jens Pedersen (page does not exist)">Jens Pedersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Pedersen" title="Knud Pedersen">Knud Pedersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Quistgaard" title="Georg Quistgaard">Georg Quistgaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Sch%C3%A4fer_(artist)" title="Georg Schäfer (artist)">Georg Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Haagen_Schmith" title="Jørgen Haagen Schmith">Jørgen Haagen Schmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Sejr" title="Arne Sejr">Arne Sejr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_S%C3%B8rensen_(politician)" title="Arne Sørensen (politician)">Arne Sørensen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedvig_Delbo" title="Hedvig Delbo">Hedvig Delbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">Rescue of the Danish Jews</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Danish_police" title="Deportation of the Danish police">Deportation of the Danish police</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Danish_Nazi_collaborationism200" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danish_Nazi_collaborationism" title="Template:Danish Nazi collaborationism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danish_Nazi_collaborationism" title="Template talk:Danish Nazi collaborationism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danish_Nazi_collaborationism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danish Nazi collaborationism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Danish_Nazi_collaborationism200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Nazi collaborationism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Corps_Denmark" title="Free Corps Denmark">Free Corps Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Defence" title="Danish People's Defence">Danish People's Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIPO_Corps" title="HIPO Corps">HIPO Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lorenzen_Group" title="Lorenzen Group">Lorenzen group</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terror groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birkedal-Hansen_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birkedal-Hansen group (page does not exist)">Birkedal-Hansen group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lille-J%C3%B8rgen_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lille-Jørgen group (page does not exist)">Lille-Jørgen group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_group" title="Peter group">Peter group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schi%C3%B8ler_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiøler group (page does not exist)">Schiøler group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_V%C3%A6rnet" title="Carl Værnet">Carl Værnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Peder_Kryssing" title="Christian Peder Kryssing">Christian Peder Kryssing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Frederik_von_Schalburg" title="Christian Frederik von Schalburg">Christian Frederik von Schalburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Scavenius" title="Erik Scavenius">Erik Scavenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Clausen" title="Frits Clausen">Frits Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grethe_Bartram" title="Grethe Bartram">Grethe Bartram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Helena_Adelaide_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Princess Helena Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Helena Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henning_Br%C3%B8ndum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henning Brøndum (page does not exist)">Henning Brøndum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ib_Birkedal_Hansen" title="Ib Birkedal Hansen">Ib Birkedal Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Lorenzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jørgen Lorenzen">Jørgen Lorenzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_B%C3%B8rge_Martinsen" title="Knud Børge Martinsen">Knud Børge Martinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Johannes_Arildskov" title="Max Johannes Arildskov">Max Johannes Arildskov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Schalburgtage" title="Schalburgtage">Schalburgtage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearing_murder" title="Clearing murder">Clearing murder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations217" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations217" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and German occupations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany">Administrative<br />divisions of<br />Nazi Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gaue</a></i></span> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altreich_(pre-1938_Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany)">Altreich</a></i></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Bayreuth" title="Gau Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Cologne-Aachen" title="Gau Cologne-Aachen">Cologne–Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Gau Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Eastern_Hanover" title="Gau Eastern Hanover">Eastern Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_East_Prussia" title="Gau East Prussia">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Electoral_Hesse" title="Gau Electoral Hesse">Electoral Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Essen" title="Gau Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Franconia" title="Gau Franconia">Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Halle-Merseburg" title="Gau Halle-Merseburg">Halle-Merseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hamburg" title="Gau Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hesse-Nassau" title="Gau Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Lower_Silesia" title="Gau Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Magdeburg-Anhalt" title="Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt">Magdeburg-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Main_Franconia" title="Gau Main Franconia">Main Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_March_of_Brandenburg" title="Gau March of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Mecklenburg" title="Gau Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Moselland" title="Gau Moselland">Moselland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Munich-Upper_Bavaria" title="Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria">Munich–Upper Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Pomerania" title="Gau Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Saxony" title="Gau Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Gau Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Silesia" title="Gau Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Swabia" title="Gau Swabia">Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Southern_Hanover-Brunswick" title="Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick">Southern Hanover–Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Thuringia" title="Gau Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Upper_Silesia" title="Gau Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Weser-Ems" title="Gau Weser-Ems">Weser-Ems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-North" title="Gau Westphalia-North">Westphalia-North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-South" title="Gau Westphalia-South">Westphalia-South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westmark" title="Gau Westmark">Westmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prinz-Eugen_Gau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prinz-Eugen Gau (page does not exist)">Prinz-Eugen</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsfestung_Belgrad" class="extiw" title="de:Reichsfestung Belgrad">Reichsfestung Belgrad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gau_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gau Holland (page does not exist)">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaue</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Danzig–West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Sudetenland" title="Reichsgau Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland">Wartheland</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austria_within_Nazi_Germany" title="Austria within Nazi Germany">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_K%C3%A4rnten" title="Reichsgau Kärnten">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Niederdonau" title="Reichsgau Niederdonau">Lower Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Oberdonau" title="Reichsgau Oberdonau">Upper Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Salzburg" title="Reichsgau Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Steiermark" title="Reichsgau Steiermark">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Tirol-Vorarlberg" title="Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg">Tyrol–Vorarlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wien" title="Reichsgau Wien">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Banat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Banat (page does not exist)">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Beskidenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Beskidenland (page does not exist)">Beskidland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Brabant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Brabant (page does not exist)">Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Burgund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Burgund (page does not exist)">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Flandern" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Flandern">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Galizien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Galizien (page does not exist)">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Gotenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Gotenland (page does not exist)">Gothland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Nordmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Nordmark (page does not exist)">Nordmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Vandalenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Vandalenland (page does not exist)">Vandalland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Weichselland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Weichselland (page does not exist)">Vistulaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wallonien" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Wallonien">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Westland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Gelderland and Overijssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Holland and Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">South Holland and Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Brabant and Limburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Partial annexations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General_Government22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Galicia" title="District of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_District" title="Kraków District">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_District" title="Lublin District">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_District" title="Radom District">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_District" title="Warsaw District">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)#SS_State_of_Burgundy" title="New Order (Nazism)">Burgundy (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Province_of_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Province of Holland (page does not exist)">Holland (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Lombardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German<br />occupations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Civil_Administration" title="Chief of Civil Administration">Civil Administration Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Alsace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Alsace (page does not exist)">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Carinthia_and_Carniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Carinthia and Carniola (page does not exist)">Carinthia and Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Gebiet_Bialystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Gebiet Bialystok (page does not exist)">Gebiet Bialystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lorraine" title="Civil Administration Area of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lower_Styria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Lower Styria (page does not exist)">Lower Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Posen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Posen (page does not exist)">Posen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_the_Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of the Sudetenland (page does not exist)">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_West_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of West Prussia (page does not exist)">West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Zichenau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Zichenau (page does not exist)">Zichenau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_District" title="Bialystok District">Bialystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Brussels">Brussels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Military Administration (Nazi Germany)">Military administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Rear_Area_Command" title="Army Group Rear Area Command">Army Group Rear Area Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia#Zones_of_influence" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Coastal_military_zone" title="Zone interdite">Atlantic Wall</a> ‧ <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Zone_of_intended_German_settlement" title="Zone interdite">zone réservée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Zone_of_Protection_in_Slovakia" title="German Zone of Protection in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece#The_German_occupation_zone" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_of_Luxembourg" title="Military Administration of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Poland" title="Military Administration in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Banat (1941–1944)">Banat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Adriatic_Littoral" title="Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral">Adriatic Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana#The_German_period_(1943–1945)" title="Province of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Alpine_Foothills" title="Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills">Alpine Foothills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">Puppet states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1#19th–20th_centuries" title="Aš">Asch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyss-Inquart_government" title="Seyss-Inquart government">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flemish Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepel_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepel Republic (page does not exist)">Lepel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokot_Autonomy" title="Lokot Autonomy">Lokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mussert" title="Anton Mussert">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias#World_War_II" title="Nias">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime#1940_coup" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Council_(Norway)" title="Administrative Council (Norway)">Norway (Administrative Council)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent State of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Government" title="Commissioner Government">Serbia (Commissioner Government)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia (Council of Ministers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_government_(1941)" title="Ukrainian national government (1941)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walloon_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walloon Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Wallonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuyev_Republic" title="Zuyev Republic">Zuyev Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Exiled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council#Exile" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_government-in-exile" title="Bulgarian government-in-exile">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cossack_Central_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cossack Central Office (page does not exist)">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)#Exile_and_trial" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" title="German-occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima#Exile" title="Horia Sima">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Liberation Movement">Russia (ODNR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia">Russia (KONR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation#After_the_war" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)#End" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiesta%C5%84ski_Komitet_Narodowy" class="extiw" title="pl:Turkiestański Komitet Narodowy">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaamsche_Landsleiding" class="extiw" title="nl:Vlaamsche Landsleiding">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism_and_World_War_II" title="Breton nationalism and World War II">Brittany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat" title="Reichskommissariat">Reichskommissariate</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_of_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Ostland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Caucasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Don-Wolga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga (page does not exist)">Don-Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Ural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Ural (page does not exist)">Ural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#The_German_occupation_(September_9,_1943_-_September_3,_1944)" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Station_Kurt" title="Weather Station Kurt">Weather Station Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schatzgr%C3%A4ber_(weather_station)" title="Schatzgräber (weather station)">Schatzgräber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holzauge" title="Holzauge">Holzauge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassgeiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassgeiger (page does not exist)">Bassgeiger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelweiss_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelweiss base (page does not exist)">Edelweiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">holiday resorts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_World_War_II_by_region_and_country5952" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Template:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Template talk:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_World_War_II_by_region_and_country5952" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">History of World War II by region and country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo_in_World_War_II" title="Belgian Congo in World War II">Belgian Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_World_War_II" title="Egypt in World War II">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Somaliland_in_World_War_II" title="French Somaliland in World War II">French Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_in_World_War_II" title="The Gambia in World War II">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_in_World_War_II" title="Gold Coast in World War II">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_in_World_War_II" title="Kenya in World War II">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_in_World_War_II" title="Liberia in World War II">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_World_War_II" title="Morocco in World War II">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_in_World_War_II" title="Nyasaland in World War II">Nyasaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_El_Salvador#World_War_II" title="Military dictatorship in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_during_World_War_II" title="Arizona during World War II">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_during_World_War_II" title="California during World War II">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_during_World_War_II" title="Nevada during World War II">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_and_World_War_II" title="Native Americans and World War II">Native Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_during_World_War_II" title="Argentina during World War II">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_during_World_War_II" title="Latin America during World War II">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_during_World_War_II" title="Suriname during World War II">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_during_World_War_II" title="Uruguay during World War II">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_during_World_War_II" title="Venezuela during World War II">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_in_World_War_II" title="Ceylon in World War II">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_West_Sumatra" title="Japanese occupation of West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_in_World_War_II" title="Mongolia in World War II">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_in_World_War_II" title="Nepal in World War II">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey#Politics_of_World_War_II" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of France during World War II">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" title="World War II in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II" title="Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II">Carpathian Ruthenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein#World_War_II" title="History of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_during_World_War_II" title="Slovakia during World War II">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" title="Azerbaijan in World War II">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussia_in_World_War_II" title="Byelorussia in World War II">Byelorussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Ukraine#World_War_II" title="Modern history of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" title="World War II in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia_and_World_War_II" title="Catalonia and World War II">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_and_World_War_II" title="Galicia and World War II">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the World Wars">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">Slovenia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Oceania and<br /> Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Pacific Islands home front during World War II">Pacific Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Denmark_articles586" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Denmark_topics" title="Template:Denmark topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Denmark_topics" title="Template talk:Denmark topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Denmark_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Denmark topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Denmark_articles586" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Denmark" title="Outline of Denmark">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Denmark" title="Archaeology of Denmark">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark%E2%80%93Norway_and_Holstein" title="Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish colonial empire">Danish Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Monetary_Union" title="Scandinavian Monetary Union">Scandinavian Monetary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Denmark" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Denmark">Postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5neland" title="Skåneland">Skånelandene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="History of Schleswig-Holstein">Slesvig-Holsten</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Duchy of Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Lauenburg#Post-Napoleon" title="Saxe-Lauenburg">Duchy of Lauenburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">Rescue of the Danish Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Denmark" title="List of birds of Denmark">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Denmark_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Denmark by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_straits" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Denmark" title="List of extreme points of Denmark">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_Denmark" title="List of forests in Denmark">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Denmark" title="List of islands of Denmark">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Denmark" title="List of lakes of Denmark">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Denmark" title="List of mammals of Denmark">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hills_and_mountains_in_Denmark" title="List of hills and mountains in Denmark">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Denmark" title="List of rivers of Denmark">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederiksen_II_Cabinet" title="Frederiksen II Cabinet">Current cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Denmark" title="Corruption in Denmark">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Denmark" title="Courts of Denmark">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing (<span style="font-size:85%;">Danish Parliament</span>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Denmark" title="Human rights in Denmark">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Denmark" title="Freedom of speech in Denmark">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Denmark">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Denmark" title="Law of Denmark">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Denmark" title="Law enforcement in Denmark">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_unity_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="The unity of the Realm">The unity of the Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Denmark" title="List of political parties in Denmark">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Denmark" title="Economy of Denmark">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Copenhagen_25" title="OMX Copenhagen 25">OMX Copenhagen 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_property_bubble_of_2000s" title="Danish property bubble of 2000s">2000s property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Denmark" title="Energy in Denmark">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexicurity" title="Flexicurity">Flexicurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Denmark" title="Income inequality in Denmark">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmarks_Nationalbank" title="Danmarks Nationalbank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Denmark" title="Taxation in Denmark">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Denmark" title="Telecommunications in Denmark">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Denmark" title="Tourism in Denmark">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Denmark" title="Transport in Denmark">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Denmark" title="Rail transport in Denmark">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Denmark" title="Category:Society of Denmark">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Denmark" title="Demographics of Denmark">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Denmark" title="Education in Denmark">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Denmark" title="Immigration to Denmark">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Denmark" title="Healthcare in Denmark">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Denmark" title="Homelessness in Denmark">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Denmark" title="Water supply and sanitation in Denmark">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Denmark" title="Women in Denmark">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Denmark" title="Youth in Denmark">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Denmark" title="Culture of Denmark">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_art" title="Danish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Denmark" title="Architecture of Denmark">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_wine" title="Danish wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_folklore" title="Danish folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jante" title="Law of Jante">Jante Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_literature" title="Danish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Breakthrough" title="Modern Breakthrough">Modern Breakthrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Denmark">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Denmark" title="Prostitution in Denmark">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Denmark" title="Public holidays in Denmark">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Denmark" title="Sport in Denmark">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark" title="Coat of arms of Denmark">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_er_et_yndigt_land" title="Der er et yndigt land">National (civic) anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Christian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast" title="Kong Christian stod ved højen mast">Royal anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Denmark" title="Outline of Denmark">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Denmark" title="Outline of Denmark">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Denmark" title="Category:Denmark">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Denmark" title="Portal:Denmark">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II25125" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II25125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberia_in_World_War_II" title="Liberia in World War II">Liberia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Republic of China (Wang Jingwei)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Guangzhouwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">French Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Syria–Lebanon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#World_War_II" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Marino#World_War_II" title="History of San Marino">San Marino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II#Saudi_Arabia" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Saudi Arabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey#World_War_II" title="Military history of Turkey">Turkey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen#World_War_II_and_after" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude7698" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remilitarisation_of_the_Rhineland" title="Remilitarisation of the Rhineland">Remilitarisation of the Rhineland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_U-Go" title="Operation U-Go"><i>U-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Imphal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">Kohima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">Battle of San Marino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a 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