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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Erken_dönem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erken_dönem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Erken dönem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erken_dönem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Askeri_başarıları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Askeri_başarıları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Askeri başarıları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Askeri_başarıları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ölüm_ve_Miras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ölüm_ve_Miras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ölüm ve Miras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ölüm_ve_Miras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">III. Louis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 53 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_(%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="لويس الثالث (ملك فرنسا) - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس الثالث (ملك فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="لويس التالت ملك فرنسا - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس التالت ملك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_(gazik_ke_Franca)" title="Louis III (gazik ke Franca) - Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Louis III (gazik ke Franca)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_L%C3%BCdovik_(Fransa_kral%C4%B1)" title="III Lüdovik (Fransa kralı) - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="III Lüdovik (Fransa kralı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%86%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="اۆچونجو لویی پادشاه (فرانسه) - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اۆچونجو لویی پادشاه (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA_III_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96)" title="Людовік III (кароль Францыі) - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Людовік III (кароль Францыі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_III" title="Луи III - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луи III" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeiz_III_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Loeiz III (Bro-C'hall) - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Loeiz III (Bro-C'hall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj_III,_kralj_Zapadne_Frana%C4%8Dke" title="Luj III, kralj Zapadne Franačke - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luj III, kralj Zapadne Franačke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_III_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Lluís III de França - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluís III de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_III._Francouzsk%C3%BD" title="Ludvík III. Francouzský - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ludvík III. Francouzský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis III, brenin Ffrainc - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis III, brenin Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_3._af_Frankrig" title="Ludvig 3. af Frankrig - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ludvig 3. af Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_III._(Frankreich)" title="Ludwig III. (Frankreich) - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ludwig III. (Frankreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λουδοβίκος Γ΄ της Γαλλίας - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουδοβίκος Γ΄ της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Louis III of France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludoviko_la_3-a_(Francio)" title="Ludoviko la 3-a (Francio) - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ludoviko la 3-a (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_III_de_Francia" title="Luis III de Francia - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luis III de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_(L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Frangi_kuningas)" title="Louis III (Lääne-Frangi kuningas) - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Louis III (Lääne-Frangi kuningas)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_III.a_Frantziakoa" title="Luis III.a Frantziakoa - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luis III.a Frantziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="لوئی سوم - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئی سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_III_(Ranska)" title="Ludvig III (Ranska) - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ludvig III (Ranska)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_(roi_des_Francs)" title="Louis III (roi des Francs) - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis III (roi des Francs)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_III._(Frankrik)" title="Ludwig III. (Frankrik) - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ludwig III. (Frankrik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_III_de_Francia" title="Lois III de Francia - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lois III de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="לואי השלישי, מלך צרפת - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואי השלישי, מלך צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj_III.,_zapadnofrana%C4%8Dki_kralj" title="Luj III., zapadnofranački kralj - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luj III., zapadnofranački kralj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Lajos_nyugati_frank_kir%C3%A1ly" title="III. Lajos nyugati frank király - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Lajos nyugati frank király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_dari_Prancis" title="Louis III dari Prancis - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louis III dari Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_III_di_Francia" title="Luigi III di Francia - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luigi III di Francia" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A43%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E7%8E%8B)" title="ルイ3世 (西フランク王) - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイ3世 (西フランク王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%84%EB%B9%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4_3%EC%84%B8" title="루도비쿠스 3세 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루도비쿠스 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_III_(rex_Francorum_occidentalium)" title="Ludovicus III (rex Francorum occidentalium) - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus III (rex Francorum occidentalium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_III" title="Луј III - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луј III" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_III_van_Frankrijk" title="Lodewijk III van Frankrijk - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lodewijk III van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_III_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig III av Frankrike - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ludvig III av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_III_(kr%C3%B3l_zachodniofrankijski)" title="Ludwik III (król zachodniofrankijski) - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludwik III (król zachodniofrankijski)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_III_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Luís III de França - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luís III de França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_al_III-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Ludovic al III-lea al Franței - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ludovic al III-lea al Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_III_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Людовик III (король Франции) - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Людовик III (король Франции)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_od_Francuske" title="Louis III od Francuske - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louis III od Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Louis III of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_III._(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Ľudovít III. (Francúzsko) - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľudovít III. (Francúzsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvik_III._Francoski" title="Ludvik III. Francoski - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ludvik III. Francoski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_III_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5)" title="Луј III (краљ Француске) - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луј III (краљ Француске)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_III_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig III av Frankrike - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ludvig III av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="พระเจ้าหลุยส์ที่ 3 แห่งฝรั่งเศส - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าหลุยส์ที่ 3 แห่งฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_III_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Людовик III (король Франції) - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людовик III (король Франції)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Louis III của Pháp - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Louis III của Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewyk_III_van_West-Franci%C3%AB" title="Lodewyk III van West-Francië - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Lodewyk III van West-Francië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_3k_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Louis 3k ilẹ̀ Fránsì - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Louis 3k ilẹ̀ Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B)" title="路易三世 (西法兰克) - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路易三世 (西法兰克)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_3-s%C3%A8" title="Louis 3-sè - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Louis 3-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">III. Louis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_@_Saint-Denis_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_%40_Saint-Denis_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_%40_Saint-Denis_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_%40_Saint-Denis_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_%40_Saint-Denis_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_%40_Saint-Denis_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-Basilique_de_Saint-Denis_%40_Saint-Denis_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_Bazilikas%C4%B1" title="Saint-Denis Bazilikası">Saint-Denis Bazilikası</a>'nda III. Louis'in lahti<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdarlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Fransa hükümdarları listesi">Batı Frank Kralı</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hüküm süresi</th><td class="infobox-data">10 Nisan 879 – 5 Ağustos 882</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Taç giymesi</th><td class="infobox-data">Eylül 879</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Önce gelen</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/II._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">Kekeme Louis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sonra gelen</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/II._Carloman" title="II. Carloman">II. Carloman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ortak hükümdar</th><td class="infobox-data">II. Carloman</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doğum</th><td class="infobox-data">863/865<br /><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">St Denis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ölüm</th><td class="infobox-data">5 Ağustos 882 (18-19/16-17 yaşında)<br /><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">St Denis</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neustria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neustria (sayfa mevcut değil)">Neustria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_Bazilikas%C4%B1" title="Saint-Denis Bazilikası">Saint-Denis Bazilikası</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hanedan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karolenj" class="mw-redirect" title="Karolenj">Karolenj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Babası</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/II._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">Kekeme Louis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annesi</th><td class="infobox-data">Burgonyalı Ansgarde</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>III. Louis</b> (863/65 - 5 Ağustos 882), 879'dan 882'deki ölümüne kadar <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Frank_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı Frank Krallığı">Batı Francia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fransa_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Fransa Krallığı">Fransa'nın</a> öncüsü) Kralıydı. Babası <a href="/wiki/II._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">Kekeme Louis'in</a> yerine geçmiş ve kardeşi <a href="/wiki/II._Carloman" title="II. Carloman">II. Carloman</a> ile birlikte Batı Francia'yı yönetmiştir. Louis, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>'in başkenti de dahil olmak üzere Batı Francia'nın (<a href="/wiki/Neustrasya" title="Neustrasya">Neustria</a>) kuzey kısmını kontrol ederken, Carloman güney kısmını (<a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Aquitania</a>) kontrol ediyordu. Louis, öldüğü ve Batı Francia'nın geri kalanını kardeşine bıraktığı Mart 880'den 5 Ağustos 882'ye kadar hüküm sürmüştür. Kısa hükümdarlığı, Ağustos 881'de Vikingleri yenmesi de dahil olmak üzere askeri başarısından derinden etkilenmiştir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erken_dönem"><span id="Erken_d.C3.B6nem"></span>Erken dönem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Erken dönem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Erken dönem"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louis, <a href="/wiki/II._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">Kekeme Louis</a> ve ilk karısı Burgonyalı Ansgarde'nin en büyük oğludur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999258_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999258-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babası <a href="/wiki/Akitanya_D%C3%BCkal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Akitanya Dükalığı">Akitanya Kralı</a> iken ve büyükbabası <a href="/wiki/II._Charles_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="II. Charles (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)">Kel Charles</a> <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Frank_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı Frank Krallığı">Batı Francia'yı</a> yönetirken doğmuştur. Çoğunlukla ebeveynlerinin gizlice evlenmesi ve Ansgarde'nin daha sonra Charles'ın ısrarı üzerine reddedilmesi nedeniyle meşruiyeti hakkında bazı şüpheler ortaya çıkmıştır. </p><p>Charles 877'de ve ardından 10 Nisan 879'da Kekeme Louis öldüğünde, bazı Frenk soyluları Louis'in tek kral olarak seçilmesini savundu, ancak başka bir hizip her bir kardeşin krallığın ayrı bir bölümünü yönetmesini destekledi. Eylül 879'da Louis ve kardeşi Carloman, Ferrières Manastırı'nda taç giydiler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1995130_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995130-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Askeri_başarıları"><span id="Askeri_ba.C5.9Far.C4.B1lar.C4.B1"></span>Askeri başarıları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Askeri başarıları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Askeri başarıları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2 Şubat 880'de Louis, Lüneburg Heath Muharebesi'nde <a href="/wiki/Vikingler" title="Vikingler">Viking</a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Viking_Ordusu" title="Büyük Viking Ordusu">Büyük Kafir Ordusu</a> tarafından mağlup edildi. Mart 880'de <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>'te Louis ve erkek kardeşi babalarının krallığını böldüler ve Louis, <a href="/wiki/Neustrasya" title="Neustrasya">Neustria</a> adı verilen kuzey ve batı kısmı aldı. Diğer kardeş güney ve doğu kısımlarını aldı ve Kel Charles'ın en güvendiği yardımcılarından biri olan Dük Boso, her iki kardeşe olan bağlılığından vazgeçerek Provence Kralı seçildi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png/170px-Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png/255px-Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png/340px-Empire_Carolingien_en_880.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Karolenj_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Karolenj İmparatorluğu">Karolenj İmparatorluğu</a>'nun 880'deki bölümlerini gösteren bir harita. Louis ve kardeşi Carloman, Batı Francia'nın yönetimini geleneksel çizgilere göre böldüler; Louis <a href="/wiki/Neustrasya" title="Neustrasya">Neustrasya</a>'yı (mor) ve Carloman <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Aquitania'yı</a> (mavi) kontrol ediyordu.</figcaption></figure> <p>880 yazında Louis ve Carloman, Boso'ya karşı yürüdüler ve <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a>'u ve Provence'ın kuzey kesimini ele geçirdiler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenning2017392-393_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenning2017392-393-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daha sonra güçlerini, o zamanlar <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Frank_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Doğu Frank Krallığı">Doğu Francia'yı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="İtalya Krallığı">İtalya Krallığı</a>'nı yöneten kuzenleri <a href="/wiki/III._Charles_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="III. Charles (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)">Şişman Charles'ın</a> güçleriyle birleştirmeye devam ettiler ve Ağustos'tan Kasım 880'e kadar <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne'yi</a> başarısız bir şekilde kuşattılar. </p><p>881 yılında III. Louis ve II. Carloman, büyükbabasının hükümdarlığından bu yana istilaları devam eden <a href="/wiki/Vikingler" title="Vikingler">Vikinglere</a> karşı Saucourt-en-Vimeu Muharebesi'nde zafer kazandılar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMueller-VollmerWolf2022xix_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMueller-VollmerWolf2022xix-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kral ve zaferi o kadar alkışlandı ki, savaştan sonraki bir yıl içinde, isimsiz bir şair bunu ve kralı hem cesareti hem de dindarlığı nedeniyle <a href="/wiki/Eski_Y%C3%BCksek_Almanca" title="Eski Yüksek Almanca">Eski Yüksek Almancada</a> bestelenmiş kısa bir şiir olan <i>Ludwigslied'de</i> kutlamıştır. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_(vers_863-882)_et_Carloman_(vers_866-884).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_%28vers_863-882%29_et_Carloman_%28vers_866-884%29.jpg/250px-Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_%28vers_863-882%29_et_Carloman_%28vers_866-884%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_%28vers_863-882%29_et_Carloman_%28vers_866-884%29.jpg/330px-Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_%28vers_863-882%29_et_Carloman_%28vers_866-884%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_%28vers_863-882%29_et_Carloman_%28vers_866-884%29.jpg/500px-Charles_Auguste_Guillaume_Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Steuben_-_Louis_III_%28vers_863-882%29_et_Carloman_%28vers_866-884%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption> Tüm Fransız hükümdarları arasında <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe" title="Louis-Philippe">I. Louis Philippe'in</a> sipariş ettiği tablolardan oluşan geniş bir koleksiyonun parçası olarak III. Louis ve II. Carloman'ın sanatsal temsili. (Charles Auguste Steuben, yaklaşık 1837).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ölüm_ve_Miras"><span id=".C3.96l.C3.BCm_ve_Miras"></span>Ölüm ve Miras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ölüm ve Miras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ölüm ve Miras"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>III. Louis, büyük başarıları yakaladığı henüz 16 ila 17 yaşlarındaydı. Vikinglere karşı kazandığı renkli zaferler halkı mutlu etmiş ve Frank halkının çoğu tarafından sevilmiştir. Neustria'da geniş çapta ünlüydü ve diyardaki en popüler kişiydi. </p><p>III. Louis, 5 Ağustos 882'de 17 yaşlarında, krallığının merkezindeki <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis'te</a> ölmüştür. Babasının evine çekilen bir kızın peşindeyken kafasını alçak bir kapının <a href="/wiki/Lento" title="Lento">pervazına</a> çarpmış ve daha sonra ölmüştür.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartlett2020241_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartlett2020241-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> III. Louis'ün çocuğu olmadığı için kardeşi II. Carloman, <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Frank_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı Frank Krallığı">Batı Francia'nın</a> tek kralı olmuş ve genç kral<a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_Bazilikas%C4%B1" title="Saint-Denis Bazilikası">Saint-Denis Bazilikası</a>'nın kraliyet mozolesine gömülmüştür.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2000166_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2000166-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=III._Louis&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Özel</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/PM93000119">statue (gisant) : Louis III, roi de France</a> 1 Şubat 2024 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201004924/https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/PM93000119">arşivlendi</a>., <i>POP</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_(Fransa)" title="Kültür Bakanlığı (Fransa)">Fransa Kültür Bakanlığı</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999258-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999258_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKitterick1999">McKitterick 1999</a>, s. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1995130-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1995130_3-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1995">Jackson 1995</a>, s. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenning2017392-393-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenning2017392-393_4-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVenning2017">Venning 2017</a>, s. 392-393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMueller-VollmerWolf2022xix-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMueller-VollmerWolf2022xix_5-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMueller-VollmerWolf2022">Mueller-Vollmer & Wolf 2022</a>, s. xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartlett2020241-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartlett2020241_6-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBartlett2020">Bartlett 2020</a>, s. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2000166-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2000166_7-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNelson2000">Nelson 2000</a>, s. 166.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Genel</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Bartlett, Robert (2020). <i>Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+Royal%3A+Dynastic+Politics+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AIII.+Louis" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Jackson, Richard A., (Ed.) (1995). <i>Ordines Coronationis Franciae</i>. <b>1</b>. University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordines+Coronationis+Franciae&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AIII.+Louis" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">McKitterick, Rosamond (1999). <i>The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians</i>. Pearson Education Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frankish+Kingdoms+under+the+Carolingians&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+Limited&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AIII.+Louis" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Mueller-Vollmer, Tristan; Wolf, Kirsten, (Ed.) (2022). "Chronology: 881". <i>Vikings: An Encyclopedia of Conflict, Invasions, and Raids</i>. ABC-CLIO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology%3A+881&rft.btitle=Vikings%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Conflict%2C+Invasions%2C+and+Raids&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AIII.+Louis" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Nelson, Janet L. (2000). "Carolingian royal funerals". Theuws, Frans; Nelson, Janet Laughland (Ed.). <i>Rituals of Power: From Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages</i>. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carolingian+royal+funerals&rft.btitle=Rituals+of+Power%3A+From+Late+Antiquity+to+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Janet+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AIII.+Louis" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Venning, Timothy (2017). <i>A Chronology of Early Medieval Western Europe: 450–1066</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chronology+of+Early+Medieval+Western+Europe%3A+450%E2%80%931066&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Venning&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AIII.+Louis" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Green, Dennis H. "The <i>Ludwigslied</i> and the Battle of Saucourt", in Judith Jesch (ed.), <i>The Scandinavians from the Vendel Period to the Tenth Century</i> (Oxford: Boydell Press, 2002), 281–302.</li> <li>Fouracre, Paul. "The Context of the Old High German Ludwigslied", <i>Medium Aevum</i>, 46 (1985), 87–103.</li> <li>MacLean, Simon. <i>Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fransa_hükümdarları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Fransa_h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdarlar%C4%B1" title="Şablon:Fransa hükümdarları"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; 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Clovis">I. Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Childebert" title="I. Childebert">I. Childebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Clotaire" title="I. Clotaire">I. Clotaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Charibert" title="I. Charibert">I. Charibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntram" title="Guntram">Guntram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Chilperic" title="I. Chilperic">I. Chilperic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Sigebert" title="I. Sigebert">I. Sigebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Childebert" title="II. Childebert">II. Childebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Chlothar" title="II. Chlothar">II. Chlothar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Dagobert" title="I. Dagobert">I. Dagobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Sigebert" title="II. Sigebert">II. Sigebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Clovis" title="II. Clovis">II. Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Chlothar" title="III. Chlothar">III. Chlothar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Childeric" title="II. Childeric">II. Childeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Theuderic" title="III. Theuderic">III. Theuderic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV._Clovis" title="IV. Clovis">IV. Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Childebert" title="III. Childebert">III. Childebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Dagobert" title="III. Dagobert">III. Dagobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Chilperic" title="II. Chilperic">II. Chilperic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV._Chlothar" title="IV. Chlothar">IV. Chlothar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV._Theuderic" title="IV. Theuderic">IV. Theuderic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Childeric" title="III. Childeric">III. Childeric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Karolenj_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Karolenj Hanedanı">Karolenjler</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertiyenler" title="Robertiyenler">Robertiyenler</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boson%C3%AEler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosonîler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bosonîler</a> (751-987)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III._Pepin" title="III. Pepin">III. Pepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Carloman" title="I. Carloman">I. Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Earlman" title="Şarlman">Şarlman</a> (I. Charles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Louis" title="I. Louis">I. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Charles_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="II. Charles (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)">II. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">II. Louis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">III. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Carloman" title="II. Carloman">II. Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Charles_(Kutsal_Roma_imparatoru)" title="III. Charles (Kutsal Roma imparatoru)">III. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudes_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="Eudes (Batı Frank kralı)">Eudes</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Charles_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="III. Charles (Batı Frank kralı)">III. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Robert_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="I. Robert (Batı Frank kralı)">I. Robert</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="Rodolphe (Batı Frank kralı)">Rodolphe</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="IV. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">IV. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothaire_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="Lothaire (Batı Frank kralı)">Lothaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Louis_(Bat%C4%B1_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="V. Louis (Batı Frank kralı)">V. Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Capet_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Capet Hanedanı">Capet Hanedanı</a> (987-1328)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_Capet" title="Hugues Capet">Hugues Capet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Robert_(Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Robert (Frank kralı)">II. Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Henri_(Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="I. Henri (Frank kralı)">I. Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Philippe" title="I. Philippe">I. Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VI._Louis" title="VI. Louis">VI. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VII._Louis" title="VII. Louis">VII. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Philippe" title="II. Philippe">II. Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIII._Louis" title="VIII. Louis">VIII. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX._Louis" title="IX. Louis">IX. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Philippe" title="III. Philippe">III. Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV._Philippe" title="IV. Philippe">IV. Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X._Louis" title="X. Louis">X. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Jean" title="I. Jean">I. Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Philippe" title="V. Philippe">V. Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV._Charles" title="IV. Charles">IV. Charles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Valois_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Valois Hanedanı">Valois Hanedanı</a> (1328-1589)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VI._Philippe" title="VI. Philippe">VI. Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Jean" title="II. Jean">II. Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Charles" title="V. Charles">V. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VI._Charles" title="VI. Charles">VI. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VII._Charles" title="VII. Charles">VII. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XI._Louis" title="XI. Louis">XI. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIII._Charles" title="VIII. Charles">VIII. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XII._Louis" title="XII. Louis">XII. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Fran%C3%A7ois" title="I. François">I. François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Henri" title="II. Henri">II. Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II._Fran%C3%A7ois" title="II. François">II. François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX._Charles" title="IX. Charles">IX. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III._Henri" title="III. Henri">III. Henri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Lancaster Hanedanı">Lancaster Hanedanı</a></i> <i>(1422-1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/VI._Henry" title="VI. Henry">VI. Henry</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Bourbon Hanedanı">Bourbon Hanedanı</a> (1589-1792)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IV._Henri" title="IV. Henri">IV. Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIII._Louis" title="XIII. Louis">XIII. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIV._Louis" title="XIV. Louis">XIV. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XV._Louis" title="XV. Louis">XV. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVI._Louis" title="XVI. Louis">XVI. Louis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XVII._Louis" title="XVII. Louis">XVII. Louis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bonapart_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Bonapart Hanedanı">Bonapart Hanedanı</a> (1804-1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napolyon_Bonapart" title="Napolyon Bonapart">Napolyon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/II._Napolyon" title="II. Napolyon">II. Napolyon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Bourbon Hanedanı">Bourbon Hanedanı</a> (1814-1815; 1815-1830)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XVIII._Louis" title="XVIII. Louis">XVIII. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X._Charles" title="X. Charles">X. Charles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/XIX._Louis" title="XIX. Louis">XIX. Louis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henri_(Chambord_kontu)" title="Henri (Chambord kontu)">V. Henri</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Orléans Hanedanı">Orléans Hanedanı</a> (1830-1848)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe" title="Louis-Philippe">I. Louis-Philippe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippe_(Paris_kontu)" title="Philippe (Paris kontu)">II. Louis-Philippe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bonapart_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Bonapart Hanedanı">Bonapart Hanedanı</a> (1852-1870)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III._Napolyon" title="III. Napolyon">III. Napolyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Tartışmalı hükümdarlar <i>eğik</i> gösterilmiştir.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193112&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193112&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193112" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11913450f">cb11913450f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11913450f">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121496430">121496430</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000079768848">0000 0000 7976 8848</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniversiteleraras%C4%B1_Belgeleme_Sistemi" title="Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026995700">026995700</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66470389">66470389</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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Louis</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>53 dil</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Konu ekle</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-xw5jx","wgBackendResponseTime":142,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.248","walltime":"0.878","ppvisitednodes":{"value":969,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":40431,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1235,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":8497,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 665.038 1 -total"," 49.16% 326.961 1 Şablon:Fransa_hükümdarları"," 47.81% 317.961 1 Şablon:Dolaşım"," 14.79% 98.392 1 Şablon:Kraliyet_bilgi_kutusu"," 14.11% 93.819 1 Şablon:Bilgi_kutusu"," 12.49% 83.082 1 Şablon:Otorite_kontrolü"," 12.15% 80.771 5 Şablon:Kitap_kaynağı"," 5.80% 38.584 4 Şablon:Br_separated_entries"," 5.55% 36.901 1 Şablon:Kaynakça"," 5.14% 34.203 1 Şablon:Düz_liste"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.109","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3130849,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-748fc965c8-k96dw","timestamp":"20250320002143","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"III. 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