Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps | International Journal of Language and Literary Studies

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps | International Journal of Language and Literary Studies </title> <link rel="icon" href="https://ijlls.org/public/journals/1/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.8"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Mohamed Chakir"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Ahlam Lamjahdi"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-11-02"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-09-19"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-11-02"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2025-01-04"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide and is gaining more popularity in various educational backgrounds. In this context, the present study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of MALL in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. The study comprised 90 Moroccan high school students, aged between 15 and 17 years old, divided equally into experimental (N = 45) and control (N = 45) groups. The two groups underwent two treatments, which lasted for two weeks. During the first week, the first experimental group was provided with two vocabulary items via WhatsApp messenger three times a day for seven consecutive days; however, the control group received a printed list of the 14 items at the beginning of the week. In the second week, the groups switched treatments with another set of 14 words. A pretest was used to measure participants' vocabulary knowledge of the target items. Additionally, two immediate posttests were administered at the end of each week to measure the subjects' vocabulary learning during the experiment, while a delayed test was used four weeks after the end of the experiment to assess their vocabulary retention. The pre-and delayed-test results were insignificant since they did not show any difference between the groups, while the immediate post-test scores revealed a significant difference, with the experimental groups outperforming the control groups. In short, this study contributes to the growing body of research on MALL and provides insights for language instructors willing to integrate technology for effective vocabulary learning."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="1875"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="178-192"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.36892/ijlls.v6i4.1875"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/article/view/1875"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamed Chakir, Ahlam Lamjahdi"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="International Journal of Language and Literary Studies"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2704-7156"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="4"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="6"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="MALL"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Language and Literary Studies"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="IJLLS"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2704-7156"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mohamed Chakir"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Mohammed First University"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ahlam Lamjahdi"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Mohammed I University, Morocco"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024/11/02"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="6"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="178"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="192"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.36892/ijlls.v6i4.1875"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/article/view/1875"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="mobile assisted language learning"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="mobile phone"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="WhatsApp messages"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="vocabulary learning"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="EFL"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="MALL"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/article/download/1875/747"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/$$$call$$$/page/page/css?name=stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ijlls.org/lib/pkp/styles/fontawesome/fontawesome.css?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ijlls.org/plugins/themes/basic/styles/stylesheet.css?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ijlls.org/plugins/generic/orcidProfile/css/orcidProfile.css?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/css" /> </head> <body class="pkp_page_article pkp_op_view has_site_logo" dir="ltr"> <div class="pkp_structure_page"> <header class="pkp_structure_head" id="headerNavigationContainer" role="banner"> <nav class="cmp_skip_to_content" aria-label="Jump to content links"> <a href="#pkp_content_main">Skip to main content</a> <a href="#siteNav">Skip to main navigation menu</a> <a href="#pkp_content_footer">Skip to site footer</a> </nav> <div class="pkp_head_wrapper"> <div class="pkp_site_name_wrapper"> <button class="pkp_site_nav_toggle"> <span>Open Menu</span> </button> <div class="pkp_site_name"> <a href=" https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/index " class="is_img"> <img src="https://ijlls.org/public/journals/1/pageHeaderLogoImage_en_US.png" width="2000" height="597" /> </a> </div> </div> <nav class="pkp_site_nav_menu" aria-label="Site Navigation"> <a id="siteNav"></a> <div class="pkp_navigation_primary_row"> <div class="pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper"> <ul id="navigationPrimary" class="pkp_navigation_primary pkp_nav_list"> <li class=""> <a href="http://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/index"> Home </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about"> About </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about"> About the Journal </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/FocusandScope"> Focus and Scope </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/AbstractingandIndexing"> Abstracting and Indexing </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/PublicationEthics"> Publication Ethics </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/PublicationFrequency"> Publication Frequency </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/APC"> Article Processing Charges (APC) </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/privacy"> Privacy Statement </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/contact"> Contact </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/editorialTeam"> Editorial Team </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/issue/current"> Current </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/issue/archive"> Archives </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/announcement"> Announcements </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/Policies"> Policies </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/OpenAccessPolicy"> Open Access Policy </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/CopyrightandlicensingPolicy"> Copyright and licensing Policy </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/PeerReviewProcess"> Peer Review Process </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/PlagiarismPolicy"> Plagiarism Policy </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/DigitalArchivingPolicy"> Digital Archiving Policy </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/submissions"> Submissions </a> </li> </ul> <div class="pkp_navigation_search_wrapper"> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/search" class="pkp_search pkp_search_desktop"> <span class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> Search </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_navigation_user_wrapper" id="navigationUserWrapper"> <ul id="navigationUser" class="pkp_navigation_user pkp_nav_list"> <li class="profile"> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/user/register"> Register </a> </li> <li class="profile"> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/login"> Login </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="pkp_structure_content has_sidebar"> <div class="pkp_structure_main" role="main"> <a id="pkp_content_main"></a> <div class="page page_article"> <nav class="cmp_breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="You are here:"> <ol> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/index"> Home </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/issue/archive"> Archives </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/issue/view/27"> Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024): 2024 (4) In Press </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li class="current" aria-current="page"> <span aria-current="page"> Articles </span> </li> </ol> </nav> <article class="obj_article_details"> <h1 class="page_title"> Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps </h1> <section class="item doi"> <span class="value"> <em class="ai ai-doi ai-2x" style="color: orange;"></em><a href="https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v6i4.1875"> https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v6i4.1875 </a> </span> </section> <div class="row"> <div class="main_entry"> <section class="item authors"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader">Authors</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Mohamed Chakir </span> <div class="email"> <a href="mailto:mohamed1.chakir@ump.ac.ma" >mohamed1.chakir@ump.ac.ma</a> </div> <span class="affiliation"> Mohammed First University </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Ahlam Lamjahdi </span> <span class="affiliation"> Mohammed I University, Morocco </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item keywords"> <h2 class="label"> Keywords: </h2> <span class="value"> mobile assisted language learning, mobile phone, WhatsApp messages, vocabulary learning, EFL, MALL </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h2 class="label">Abstract</h2> <p>Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide and is gaining more popularity in various educational backgrounds. In this context, the present study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of MALL in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. The study comprised 90 Moroccan high school students, aged between 15 and 17 years old, divided equally into experimental (N = 45) and control (N = 45) groups. The two groups underwent two treatments, which lasted for two weeks. During the first week, the first experimental group was provided with two vocabulary items via WhatsApp messenger three times a day for seven consecutive days; however, the control group received a printed list of the 14 items at the beginning of the week. In the second week, the groups switched treatments with another set of 14 words. A pretest was used to measure participants' vocabulary knowledge of the target items. Additionally, two immediate posttests were administered at the end of each week to measure the subjects' vocabulary learning during the experiment, while a delayed test was used four weeks after the end of the experiment to assess their vocabulary retention. The pre-and delayed-test results were insignificant since they did not show any difference between the groups, while the immediate post-test scores revealed a significant difference, with the experimental groups outperforming the control groups. In short, this study contributes to the growing body of research on MALL and provides insights for language instructors willing to integrate technology for effective vocabulary learning.</p> </section> <div class="item downloads_chart"> <h3 class="label"> Downloads </h3> <div class="value"> <canvas class="usageStatsGraph" data-object-type="Submission" data-object-id="1875"></canvas> <div class="usageStatsUnavailable" data-object-type="Submission" data-object-id="1875"> Download data is not yet available. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry_details"> <div class="item galleys"> <ul class="value galleys_links"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/article/view/1875/747"> PDF </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item published"> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Published </h2> <div class="value"> <span>2024-11-02</span> </div> </section> </div> <div class="item citation"> <section class="sub_item citation_display"> <h2 class="label"> How to Cite </h2> <div class="value"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Chakir, M., & Lamjahdi, A. . (2024). Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps. <i>International Journal of Language and Literary Studies</i>, <i>6</i>(4), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v6i4.1875</div> </div> </div> <div class="citation_formats"> <button class="cmp_button citation_formats_button" aria-controls="cslCitationFormats" aria-expanded="false" data-csl-dropdown="true"> More Citation Formats </button> <div id="cslCitationFormats" class="citation_formats_list" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="citation_formats_styles"> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > ACM </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/acs-nano?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/acs-nano?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > ACS </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/apa?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/apa?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > APA </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/associacao-brasileira-de-normas-tecnicas?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/associacao-brasileira-de-normas-tecnicas?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > ABNT </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/chicago-author-date?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/chicago-author-date?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > Chicago </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/harvard-cite-them-right?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/harvard-cite-them-right?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > Harvard </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/ieee?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/ieee?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > IEEE </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/modern-language-association?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/modern-language-association?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > MLA </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/turabian-fullnote-bibliography?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/turabian-fullnote-bibliography?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > Turabian </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/vancouver?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/get/vancouver?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784&return=json" > Vancouver </a> </li> </ul> <div class="label"> Download Citation </div> <ul class="citation_formats_styles"> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/download/ris?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784"> <span class="fa fa-download"></span> Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/citationstylelanguage/download/bibtex?submissionId=1875&publicationId=1784"> <span class="fa fa-download"></span> BibTeX </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="item issue"> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Issue </h2> <div class="value"> <a class="title" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/issue/view/27"> Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024): 2024 (4) In Press </a> </div> </section> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Section </h2> <div class="value"> Articles </div> </section> </div> <div class="item copyright"> <div class="label"> Copyright & Licensing </div> <div class="value"> <p>Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamed Chakir, Ahlam Lamjahdi</p> <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div id="articlesBySameAuthorList"> </div> <div id="articlesBySimilarityList"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_structure_sidebar left" role="complementary" aria-label="Sidebar"> <div class="pkp_block block_make_submission"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader"> Make a Submission </h2> <div class="content"> <a class="block_make_submission_link" href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/submissions"> Make a Submission </a> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_custom" id="customblock-pointofinterest"> <h2 class="title pkp_screen_reader">pointofinterest</h2> <div class="content"> <div class="content"> <ul> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <div><span class="title">POINTS OF INTEREST</span></div> <div class="content"> <ul> <li><a href="http://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about">About Journal</a></li> <li><a href="http://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/AbstractingandIndexing">Abstracting and Indexing</a></li> <li><a href="http://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/submissions">Author Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="http://ijlls.org/template.docs">Article Template</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_information"> <h2 class="title">Information</h2> <div class="content"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/information/readers"> For Readers </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/information/authors"> For Authors </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/information/librarians"> For Librarians </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_web_feed"> <h2 class="title">Current Issue</h2> <div class="content"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atom"> <img src="https://ijlls.org/lib/pkp/templates/images/atom.svg" alt="Atom logo"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2"> <img src="https://ijlls.org/lib/pkp/templates/images/rss20_logo.svg" alt="RSS2 logo"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss"> <img src="https://ijlls.org/lib/pkp/templates/images/rss10_logo.svg" alt="RSS1 logo"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_browse"> <h2 class="title"> Browse </h2> <nav class="content" role="navigation" aria-label="Browse"> <ul> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="pkp_block block_custom" id="customblock-visitors"> <h2 class="title pkp_screen_reader">visitors</h2> <div class="content"> <div class="content bg-white text-center"> <p><a href="https://info.flagcounter.com/3fub"><img src="https://s11.flagcounter.com/count2/3fub/bg_FFFFFF/txt_000000/border_CCCCCC/columns_2/maxflags_250/viewers_0/labels_1/pageviews_1/flags_0/percent_0/" alt="Flag Counter" border="0"></a></p> <p>Visitor Statistics since 1 December 2020</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_structure_footer_wrapper" role="contentinfo"> <a id="pkp_content_footer"></a> <div class="pkp_structure_footer"> <div class="pkp_footer_content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-4 text-center"> <h4>Contact</h4> <p>International Journal of Language and Literary Studies <br />Rome, Italy.<br />editor@ijlls.org<br />http://ijlls.org</p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-4 text-center"> <h4>Other Links</h4> <p><a href="http://www.ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/editorialTeam">Editorial Board</a><br /><a href="http://www.ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/EditorialPolicies">Editorial Policies</a><br /><a href="http://www.ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/submissions">Author Guidelines</a><br /><a href="https://www.ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/privacy">Privacy statement</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-4 text-center"> <h4>Follow us</h4> <div class="text-center center-block"><br /><a href="https://www.facebook.com/IJLLS" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em id="social-fb" class="fa fa-facebook-square fa-3x social"></em> </a> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/ijllsJ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em id="social-tw" class="fa fa-twitter-square fa-3x social"></em> </a> <em id="social-gp" class="fa fa-youtube-square fa-3x social"></em><a href="mailto:editor@ijlls.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em id="social-em" class="fa fa-envelope-square fa-3x social"></em> </a></div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 mb-4 text-center"> <h4>Publisher</h4> <p>© 2019-2021 Tawasul.</p> Tawasul International Centre for Publishing, Research and Dialogue. Rome, Italy.</div> </div> <hr /> <div class="row"> <div class=" text-left"> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://licensebuttons.net/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" width="88" height="31" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pkp_brand_footer" role="complementary"> <a href="https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/about/aboutThisPublishingSystem"> <img alt="More information about the publishing system, Platform and Workflow by OJS/PKP." src="https://ijlls.org/templates/images/ojs_brand.png"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ijlls.org/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/components/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ijlls.org/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/components/jqueryui/jquery-ui.min.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ijlls.org/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/popper/popper.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ijlls.org/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/bootstrap/util.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ijlls.org/plugins/themes/default/js/lib/bootstrap/dropdown.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ijlls.org/plugins/themes/default/js/main.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://ijlls.org/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage/js/articleCitation.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">var pkpUsageStats = pkpUsageStats || {};pkpUsageStats.data = pkpUsageStats.data || {};pkpUsageStats.data.Submission = pkpUsageStats.data.Submission || {};pkpUsageStats.data.Submission[1875] = [];</script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/2.0.1/Chart.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">var pkpUsageStats = pkpUsageStats || {};pkpUsageStats.locale = pkpUsageStats.locale || {};pkpUsageStats.locale.months = ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"];pkpUsageStats.config = pkpUsageStats.config || {};pkpUsageStats.config.chartType = "bar";</script><script src="https://ijlls.org/plugins/generic/usageStats/js/UsageStatsFrontendHandler.js?v=3.3.0.8" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Mobile Assisted Language Learning in EFL Contexts: Maximizing Vocabulary Acquisition through Messenger Apps | International Journal of Language and Literary Studies