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Dalton (satuan) - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Lihat pula: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Dalton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Dalton">fisikawan <b>John Dalton</b></a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Dalton</b> atau <b>satuan massa atom terpadu</b> (simbol: <b>Da</b> atau <b>u</b>) adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satuan">satuan</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massa">massa</a> yang banyak digunakan dalam fisika dan kimia. Ini didefinisikan sebagai 1/12 massa atom <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karbon-12?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karbon-12">karbon-12</a> netral <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikatan_kimia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikatan kimia">tak terikat</a> dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keadaan_dasar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keadaan dasar">keadaan dasar</a> nuklir dan elektroniknya dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massa_invarian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massa invarian (halaman belum tersedia)">saat diam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bipm9th_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bipm9th-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-goldbAtMaCo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-goldbAtMaCo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Konstanta massa atom</b>, dilambangkan <i>m</i><sub>u</sub>, didefinisikan secara identik, memberi <span class="nowrap"><i>m</i><sub>u</sub> = <i>m</i>(<sup>12</sup>C)/12 = 1 Da</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="infobox" style="background:;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Dalton<br> (satuan massa atom terpadu)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sistem_pengukuran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sistem pengukuran (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistem satuan</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konstanta_fisik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konstanta fisik (halaman belum tersedia)">Konstanta fisik</a><br> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Non-SI units mentioned in the SI (halaman belum tersedia)">Diterima untuk digunakan dengan SI</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Besaran</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massa">massa</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Simbol</th> <td class="infobox-data">Da atau u</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> Asal penamaan </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Dalton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Konversi</th> </tr> <tr class="nowrap"> <td>1 Da atau u <i>dalam ...</i></td> <td><i>... sama dengan ...</i></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <th colspan="2"></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span>kg</th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6973166053906660000♠"></span>1,660539</span>06660(50)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−27</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span><i>m</i><sub>u</sub></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span><i>m</i><sub>e</sub></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003182288848620900♠"></span>1.822</span>,888486209(53)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> </span>MeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002931494102420000♠"></span>931,494102</span>42(28)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Satuan ini biasanya digunakan dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fisika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fisika">fisika</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kimia">kimia</a> untuk menyatakan massa benda berskala atom, seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atom">atom</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Molekul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molekul">molekul</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partikel_elementer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel elementer">partikel elementer</a>, baik untuk contoh diskrit maupun beberapa jenis rata-rata ansambel. Misalnya, atom <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helium-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helium-4">helium-4</a> memiliki massa 4.0026 Da. Ini adalah sifat intrinsik isotop dan semua helium-4 memiliki massa yang sama. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirin">Asam asetilsalisilat (aspirin)</a>, <span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>4</sub></span>, memiliki massa rata-rata sekitar 180.157 Da. Namun, tidak ada molekul asam asetilsalisilat dengan massa ini. Dua massa paling umum dari masing-masing molekul asam asetilsalisilat adalah 180,04228 Da dan 181,04565 Da.</p> <p><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massa_molekul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Massa molekul">Massa molekul</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protein">protein</a>, asam nukleat, dan polimer besar lainnya sering dinyatakan dengan satuan kilodalton (kDa), <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mega-?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mega-">mega</a>dalton (MDa), dll.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titin">Titin</a>, salah satu protein terbesar yang diketahui, memiliki massa molekul antara 3 dan 3,7 megadalton.<sup id="cite_ref-opitz2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-opitz2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DNA <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kromosom-1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kromosom-1 (halaman belum tersedia)">kromosom-1</a> dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genom_manusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genom manusia">genom manusia</a> memiliki sekitar 249 juta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasangan_basa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pasangan basa">pasangan basa</a>, masing-masing dengan massa rata-rata sekitar 650 Da, atau total 156 GDa.<sup id="cite_ref-molfat_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-molfat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Daftar isi</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kesetaraan_energi"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Kesetaraan energi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sejarah"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Sejarah</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Konsep_awal"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Konsep awal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Variasi_isotop"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Variasi isotop</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Definisi_oleh_IUPAC"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Definisi oleh IUPAC</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Adopsi_oleh_BIPM"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Adopsi oleh BIPM</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dalton"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Dalton</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sebuah_proposal"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Sebuah proposal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Redefinisi_satuan_pokok_SI_2019"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Redefinisi satuan pokok SI 2019</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pengukuran"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Pengukuran</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Josef_Loschmidt"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Josef Loschmidt</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean_Perrin"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Jean Perrin</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coulometri"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Coulometri</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pengukuran_massa_elektron"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Pengukuran massa elektron</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Metode_kerapatan_kristal_sinar-X"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Metode kerapatan kristal sinar-X</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lihat_pula"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Lihat pula</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referensi"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Referensi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pranala_luar"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kesetaraan_energi">Kesetaraan energi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Kesetaraan energi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Konstanta massa atom juga dapat dinyatakan sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kesetaraan_energi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kesetaraan energi (halaman belum tersedia)">kesetaraan energi</a>nya, yaitu <i>m</i><sub>u</sub><i>c</i><sup>2</sup>. Nilai yang direkomendasikan CODATA 2018 adalah:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990149241808560000♠"></span>1,492418</span>08560(45)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−10</sup> J<sup id="cite_ref-physconst-muc2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-physconst-muc2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> <dd> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990149241794867649♠"></span>931,494102</span>42(28) MeV<sup id="cite_ref-physconst-muc2eV_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-physconst-muc2eV-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> <p><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektronvolt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektronvolt">Megaelektronvolt</a> (MeV) biasanya digunakan sebagai satuan massa dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fisika_partikel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fisika partikel">fisika partikel</a>, dan nilai ini juga penting untuk penentuan praktis massa atom relatif.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Konsep_awal">Konsep awal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Konsep awal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/220px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1074"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 290px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/220px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="290" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/330px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg/440px-Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Jean Perrin pada 1926 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Penafsiran <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hukum_proporsi_tertentu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hukum proporsi tertentu (halaman belum tersedia)">hukum proporsi tertentu</a> dalam kerangka teori atom materi menyiratkan bahwa massa atom dari berbagai unsur memiliki rasio tertentu yang bergantung pada unsur-unsurnya. Sementara massa sebenarnya tidak diketahui, massa relatif dapat disimpulkan dari hukum itu. Pada tahun 1803 John Dalton mengusulkan untuk menggunakan (masih belum diketahui) massa atom dari atom paling ringan, yaitu hidrogen, sebagai satuan alami massa atom. Ini adalah dasar dari skala berat atom.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Karena alasan teknis, pada tahun 1898, ahli kimia <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> dan yang lainnya mengusulkan untuk mendefinisikan kembali satuan massa atom sebagai 1/16 massa atom oksigen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposal itu secara resmi diadopsi oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=International_Committee_on_Atomic_Weights&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="International Committee on Atomic Weights (halaman belum tersedia)">International Committee on Atomic Weights</a> (ICAW) pada tahun 1903. Itu kira-kira massa satu atom hidrogen, tetapi oksigen lebih setuju untuk penentuan eksperimental.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Variasi_isotop">Variasi isotop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Variasi isotop" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Penemuan isotop oksigen pada tahun 1929 membutuhkan definisi satuan yang lebih tepat. Sayangnya, dua definisi berbeda mulai digunakan. Ahli kimia memilih untuk mendefinisikan AMU sebagai 1/16 dari massa rata-rata atom oksigen seperti yang ditemukan di alam; yaitu, rata-rata massa isotop yang diketahui, ditimbang oleh kelimpahan alaminya. Fisikawan, di sisi lain, mendefinisikannya sebagai 1/16 massa atom isotop oksigen-16. (<sup>16</sup>O).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hold2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hold2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Definisi_oleh_IUPAC">Definisi oleh IUPAC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Definisi oleh IUPAC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Keberadaan dua unit berbeda dengan nama yang sama membingungkan, dan perbedaannya (sekitar 1.000282 dalam istilah relatif) cukup besar untuk memengaruhi pengukuran presisi tinggi. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa isotop oksigen memiliki kelimpahan alami yang berbeda di air dan udara. Karena alasan ini dan alasan lainnya, pada tahun 1961 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC), yang telah menyerap ICAW, mengadopsi definisi baru dari satuan massa atom untuk digunakan baik dalam fisika maupun kimia; yaitu, 1/12 massa atom karbon-12. Nilai baru ini adalah perantara antara dua definisi sebelumnya, tetapi lebih dekat dengan yang digunakan oleh ahli kimia (yang akan paling terpengaruh oleh perubahan).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Satuan baru ini diberi nama "satuan massa atom" dan diberi simbol baru "u", untuk menggantikan "amu" lama yang telah digunakan untuk satuan berbasis oksigen.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akan tetapi, simbol lama "amu" kadang-kadang digunakan, setelah 1961, untuk merujuk pada unit baru, terutama dalam konteks awam dan persiapan.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Adopsi_oleh_BIPM">Adopsi oleh BIPM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Adopsi oleh BIPM" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Definisi IUPAC 1961 tentang satuan massa atom, dengan nama dan simbol "u", diadopsi oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=International_Bureau_for_Weights_and_Measures&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="International Bureau for Weights and Measures (halaman belum tersedia)">International Bureau for Weights and Measures</a> (BIPM) pada tahun 1971 sebagai "<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Satuan_non-SI_yang_disebutkan_dalam_SI&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Satuan non-SI yang disebutkan dalam SI (halaman belum tersedia)">satuan non-SI yang diterima untuk digunakan dengan SI</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Dalton">Dalton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Dalton" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Pada tahun 1993, IUPAC mengusulkan nama pendek "dalton" (dengan simbol "Da") untuk satuan massa atom.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seperti nama unit lain seperti watt dan newton, "dalton" tidak menggunakan huruf besar dalam bahasa Inggris, tetapi simbolnya, "Da", dikapitalisasi. Nama tersebut didukung oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">International Union of Pure and Applied Physics</a> (IUPAP) pada tahun 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pada tahun 2003, nama tersebut direkomendasikan kepada BIPM oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Consultative_Committee_for_Units&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Consultative Committee for Units (halaman belum tersedia)">Consultative Committee for Units</a>, bagian dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CIPM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIPM">CIPM</a>, karena "lebih pendek dan bekerja lebih baik dengan prefiks [SI]". Pada tahun 2006, BIPM memasukkan dalton dalam edisi ke-8 dari definisi formal <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistem_Satuan_Internasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistem Satuan Internasional">SI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nama itu juga terdaftar sebagai alternatif untuk "kesatuan massa atom" oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> pada tahun 2009. Sekarang direkomendasikan oleh beberapa penerbit ilmiah,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan beberapa dari mereka menganggap "satuan massa atom" dan "amu" sudah tidak digunakan lagi.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sebuah_proposal">Sebuah proposal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Sebuah proposal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Sebuah proposal dibuat pada tahun 2012 untuk mendefinisikan kembali dalton (dan mungkin satuan massa atom yang bersatu) menjadi <i>1/N</i> gram, sehingga memutuskan hubungan dengan <sup>12</sup>C. Ini akan menyiratkan perubahan massa atom semua elemen ketika diekspresikan dalam dalton, tetapi perubahan tersebut akan terlalu kecil untuk memiliki efek praktis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Redefinisi_satuan_pokok_SI_2019">Redefinisi satuan pokok SI 2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Redefinisi satuan pokok SI 2019" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Definisi dalton tidak terpengaruh oleh redefinisi satuan pokok SI 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-bipm9th_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bipm9th-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cipm1062_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cipm1062-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cipm106_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cipm106-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cgpm26_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cgpm26-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artinya, 1 Da dalam SI masih 1/12 massa atom karbon-12, besaran yang harus ditentukan secara eksperimental dalam satuan SI. Namun, definisi mol diubah menjadi jumlah zat yang persis sama <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7023602214076000000♠"></span>6,022140</span>76<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>23</sup> entitas dan definisi kilogram juga diubah. Akibatnya, konstanta massa molar tidak lagi tepat 1 g/mol, artinya jumlah gram dalam massa satu mol zat tidak lagi sama persis dengan jumlah dalton dalam massa molekul rata-rata.<sup id="cite_ref-lehm2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lehm2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Pengukuran">Pengukuran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Pengukuran" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Meskipun massa atom relatif ditentukan untuk atom netral, mereka diukur (dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spektrometri_massa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spektrometri massa">spektrometri massa</a>) untuk ion: oleh karena itu, nilai yang terukur harus dikoreksi untuk massa elektron yang dilepaskan untuk membentuk ion, dan juga untuk massa ekuivalen dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ikatan_energi_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ikatan energi elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">ikatan energi elektron</a>, <i>E</i><sub>b</sub>/<i>m</i><sub>u</sub><i>c</i><sup>2</sup>. Energi ikat total dari enam elektron dalam atom karbon-12 adalah 1030.1089 eV = <span class="nowrap">1.650 4163<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−16</sup> J</span>: <i>E</i><sub>b</sub>/<i>m</i><sub>u</sub><i>c</i><sup>2</sup> = <span class="nowrap">1.105 8674<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span>, atau sekitar satu bagian dalam 10 juta massa atom.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Sebelum redefinisi satuan SI 2019, percobaan ditujukan untuk menentukan nilai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Avogadro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstanta Avogadro">konstanta Avogadro</a> untuk mencari nilai satuan massa atom.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Josef_Loschmidt">Josef Loschmidt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Josef Loschmidt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg/220px-Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="3248"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg/220px-Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg/330px-Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg/440px-Johann_Josef_Loschmidt_portrait_plaque.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Josef Loschmidt </figcaption> </figure> <p>Nilai satuan massa atom yang cukup akurat pertama kali diperoleh secara tidak langsung oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josef_Loschmidt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josef Loschmidt">Josef Loschmidt</a> pada tahun 1865, dengan memperkirakan jumlah partikel dalam volume gas tertentu.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jean_Perrin">Jean Perrin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Jean Perrin" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Perrin memperkirakan bilangan Avogadro dengan berbagai metode, pada pergantian abad ke-20. Dia dianugerahi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_Fisika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penghargaan Nobel Fisika">Penghargaan Nobel Fisika</a> 1926, sebagian besar untuk karyanya ini.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Coulometri"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Coulometri&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Coulometri (halaman belum tersedia)">Coulometri</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Coulometri" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Muatan listrik per <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mol">mol</a> elektron adalah konstanta yang disebut dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Faraday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Faraday">konstanta Faraday</a>, yang nilainya pada dasarnya telah diketahui sejak tahun 1834 ketika <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Faraday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> menerbitkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hukum_elektrolisis_Faraday&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hukum elektrolisis Faraday (halaman belum tersedia)">karyanya tentang elektrolisis</a>. Pada tahun 1910, Robert Millikan memperoleh pengukuran pertama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muatan_dasar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muatan dasar (halaman belum tersedia)">muatan pada sebuah elektron</a>, <i>e</i>. Hasil bagi <i>F</i>/<i>e</i> memberikan perkiraan jumlah Avogadro.<sup id="cite_ref-ebrit1974_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ebrit1974-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Eksperimen klasik adalah eksperimen Bower dan Davis pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NIST?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan bergantung pada pelarutan logam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perak">perak</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anoda">anoda</a> sel elektrolisis, sambil melewatkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arus_listrik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a> konstan <i>I</i> untuk waktu yang diketahui <i>t</i>. Jika <i>m</i> adalah massa perak yang hilang dari anoda dan <i>A</i><sub>r</sub> berat atom perak, maka konstanta Faraday diberikan oleh:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}It}{m}}.}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> F </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> A </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi> M </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mi> I </mi> <mi> t </mi> </mrow> <mi> m </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> . </mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle F={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}It}{m}}.} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a29b6946c853eda5ad9c434018a6687daeefc83" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.354ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}It}{m}}.}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14.354ex;height: 5.343ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a29b6946c853eda5ad9c434018a6687daeefc83" data-alt="{\displaystyle F={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}It}{m}}.}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>Ilmuwan NIST menemukan metode untuk mengkompensasi perak yang hilang dari anoda oleh sebab mekanis, dan melakukan analisis isotop perak yang digunakan untuk menentukan berat atomnya. Nilai mereka untuk konstanta Faraday konvensional adalah <i>F</i><sub>90</sub> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004964853900000000♠"></span>96.485</span>,39(13) C/mol, yang sesuai dengan nilai konstanta Avogadro dari <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7023602214490000000♠"></span>6,0221449</span>(78)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>23</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>: kedua nilai memiliki ketidakpastian standar relatif <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994130000000000000♠"></span>1,3<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pengukuran_massa_elektron">Pengukuran massa elektron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Pengukuran massa elektron" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Dalam praktiknya, konstanta massa atom ditentukan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massa_diam_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massa diam elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">massa diam elektron</a> <i>m</i><sub>e</sub> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massa_diam_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massa diam elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">massa atom relatif elektron</a> <i>A</i><sub>r</sub>(e) (yaitu, massa elektron dibagi dengan konstanta massa atom).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massa atom relatif elektron dapat diukur dalam percobaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siklotron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siklotron">siklotron</a>, sedangkan sisa massa elektron dapat diturunkan dari konstanta fisik lainnya.</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {m_{\rm {e}}}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}}={\frac {2R_{\infty }h}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}},}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> m </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi> m </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <msub> <mi> A </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false"> ( </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false"> ) </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <msub> <mi> R </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞<!-- ∞ --> </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi> h </mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi> A </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false"> ( </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false"> ) </mo> <mi> c </mi> <msup> <mi> α<!-- α --> </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> , </mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {m_{\rm {e}}}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}}={\frac {2R_{\infty }h}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}},} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc9b9568b670c4b21045b98f2a5467d1fa8e1323" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:26.175ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {m_{\rm {e}}}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}}={\frac {2R_{\infty }h}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}},}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26.175ex;height: 6.176ex;vertical-align: -2.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc9b9568b670c4b21045b98f2a5467d1fa8e1323" data-alt="{\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {m_{\rm {e}}}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}}={\frac {2R_{\infty }h}{A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}},}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}}{N_{\rm {A}}}},}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> m </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi> M </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi> N </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> A </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> , </mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}}{N_{\rm {A}}}},} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfc8787a9a1e57a2252403c13e621c8c2c76d735" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:11.168ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}}{N_{\rm {A}}}},}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11.168ex;height: 5.676ex;vertical-align: -2.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfc8787a9a1e57a2252403c13e621c8c2c76d735" data-alt="{\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}}{N_{\rm {A}}}},}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}{m_{\rm {e}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}{2R_{\infty }h}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> N </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> A </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> M </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi> A </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false"> ( </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false"> ) </mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi> m </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> M </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi> A </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false"> ( </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false"> ) </mo> <mi> c </mi> <msup> <mi> α<!-- α --> </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <msub> <mi> R </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞<!-- ∞ --> </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi> h </mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}{m_{\rm {e}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}{2R_{\infty }h}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25e826cde0aaba2ca43acddfe71586fc67cfe0ae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:32.473ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}{m_{\rm {e}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}{2R_{\infty }h}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32.473ex;height: 6.343ex;vertical-align: -2.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25e826cde0aaba2ca43acddfe71586fc67cfe0ae" data-alt="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})}{m_{\rm {e}}}}={\frac {M_{\rm {u}}A_{\rm {r}}({\rm {e}})c\alpha ^{2}}{2R_{\infty }h}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>Dimana c adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">kecepatan cahaya</a>, <i>h</i> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Planck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Planck">konstanta Planck</a>, <i>α</i> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_struktur_halus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta struktur halus">konstanta struktur halus</a>, dan <i>R</i><sub>∞</sub> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Rydberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Rydberg">konstanta Rydberg</a>.</p> <p>Sebagaimana dapat diamati dari nilai-nilai lama (CODATA 2014) pada tabel di bawah ini, faktor pembatas utama ketepatan konstanta Avogadro adalah ketidakpastian nilai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Planck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Planck">konstanta Planck</a>, karena semua konstanta lain yang berkontribusi pada kalkulasi yang diketahui lebih tepat.</p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Konstan</th> <th>Simbol</th> <th>Nilai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Data_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Committee on Data for Science and Technology (halaman belum tersedia)">CODATA</a> 2014</th> <th>Ketidakpastian standar relatif</th> <th>Koefisien korelasi <p>dengan <i>N</i><sub>A</sub></p></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rasio_massa_proton-elektron&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rasio massa proton-elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasio massa proton-elektron</a></td> <td align="center"><i>m</i><sub>p</sub>/<i>m</i><sub>e</sub></td> <td>1836.152 673 89(17)</td> <td align="center">9.5<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–11</sup></td> <td>−0.0003</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_massa_molar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta massa molar">Konstanta massa molar</a></td> <td align="center"><i>M</i><sub>u</sub></td> <td>0.001 kg/mol = 1 g/mol</td> <td align="center">0 (ditentukan)</td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Rydberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Rydberg">konstanta Rydberg</a></td> <td align="center"><i>R</i><sub>∞</sub></td> <td>10 973 731.568 508(65) m<sup>−1</sup></td> <td align="center">5.9<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–12</sup></td> <td>−0.0002</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Planck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Planck">Konstanta Planck</a></td> <td align="center"><i>h</i></td> <td>6.626 070 040(81)<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–34</sup> J s</td> <td align="center">1.2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–8</sup></td> <td>−0.9993</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">Kecepatan cahaya</a></td> <td align="center"><i>c</i></td> <td>299 792 458 m/s</td> <td align="center">0 (ditentukan)</td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_struktur_halus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta struktur halus">Konstanta struktur halus</a></td> <td align="center"><i>α</i></td> <td>7.297 352 5664(17)<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–3</sup></td> <td align="center">2.3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–10</sup></td> <td>0.0193</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Konstanta Avogadro</b></td> <td align="center"><i>N</i><sub>A</sub></td> <td>6.022 140 857(74)<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>23</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup></td> <td align="center">1.2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–8</sup></td> <td>1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Kekuatan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_fisika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta fisika">nilai konstanta universal yang didefinisikan saat ini</a> dapat dipahami dari tabel di bawah ini (CODATA 2018).</p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Konstan</th> <th>Simbol</th> <th>Nilai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Data_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Committee on Data for Science and Technology (halaman belum tersedia)">CODATA</a> 2018<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Ketidakpastian standar relatif</th> <th>Koefisien korelasi <p>dengan <i>N</i><sub>A</sub></p></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rasio_massa_proton-elektron&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rasio massa proton-elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasio massa proton-elektron</a></td> <td align="center"><i>m</i><sub>p</sub>/<i>m</i><sub>e</sub></td> <td>1836.152 673 43(11)</td> <td align="center">6.0<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–11</sup></td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_massa_molar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta massa molar">Konstanta massa molar</a></td> <td align="center"><i>M</i><sub>u</sub></td> <td>0.999 999 999 65(30)<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–3</sup> kg/mol</td> <td align="center">3.0<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–10</sup></td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Rydberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Rydberg">konstanta Rydberg</a></td> <td align="center"><i>R</i><sub>∞</sub></td> <td>10 973 731.568 160(21) m<sup>−1</sup></td> <td align="center">1.9<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–12</sup></td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_Planck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta Planck">Konstanta Planck</a></td> <td align="center"><i>h</i></td> <td>6.626 070 15<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–34</sup> J s</td> <td align="center">0 (ditentukan)</td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">Kecepatan cahaya</a></td> <td align="center"><i>c</i></td> <td>299 792 458 m/s</td> <td align="center">0 (ditentukan)</td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstanta_struktur_halus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstanta struktur halus">Konstanta struktur halus</a></td> <td align="center"><i>α</i></td> <td>7.297 352 5693(11)<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–3</sup></td> <td align="center">1.5<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>–10</sup></td> <td> —</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Konstanta Avogadro</b></td> <td align="center"><i>N</i><sub>A</sub></td> <td>6.022 140 76<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>23</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup></td> <td align="center">0 (ditentukan)</td> <td> —</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Metode_kerapatan_kristal_sinar-X">Metode kerapatan kristal sinar-X</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Metode kerapatan kristal sinar-X" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png/200px-Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1194"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 217px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png/200px-Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png" data-width="200" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png/300px-Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png/400px-Silicon-unit-cell-labelled-3D-balls.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Model_bola-dan-tongkat&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Model bola-dan-tongkat (halaman belum tersedia)">Model bola-dan-tongkat</a> dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sel_satuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel satuan">sel satuan</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silikon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silikon">silikon</a>. Difraksi sinar-X mengukur parameter sel, <i>a</i>, yang digunakan untuk menghitung nilai konstanta Avogadro. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kristal tunggal <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silikon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silikon">silikon</a> dapat diproduksi saat ini di fasilitas komersial dengan kemurnian sangat tinggi dan dengan sedikit cacat kisi. Metode ini mendefinisikan konstanta Avogadro sebagai rasio <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volume_molar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volume molar">volume molar</a>, <i>V</i><sub>m</sub>, ke volume atom <i>V</i><sub>atom</sub>:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {V_{\rm {m}}}{V_{\rm {atom}}}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> N </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> A </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> m </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> a </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> m </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {V_{\rm {m}}}{V_{\rm {atom}}}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eebb60f7eb7208b850b4d1678ae096b377d41c1f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:12.506ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {V_{\rm {m}}}{V_{\rm {atom}}}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12.506ex;height: 5.676ex;vertical-align: -2.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eebb60f7eb7208b850b4d1678ae096b377d41c1f" data-alt="{\displaystyle N_{\rm {A}}={\frac {V_{\rm {m}}}{V_{\rm {atom}}}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>, dimana <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{\rm {atom}}={\frac {V_{\rm {cell}}}{n}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> a </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> t </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> o </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> m </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> c </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> e </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> l </mi> <mi mathvariant="normal"> l </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mi> n </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V_{\rm {atom}}={\frac {V_{\rm {cell}}}{n}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0a80fe705fdfff5c21efb6933344d41fbdb4546" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.137ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{\rm {atom}}={\frac {V_{\rm {cell}}}{n}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13.137ex;height: 5.176ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0a80fe705fdfff5c21efb6933344d41fbdb4546" data-alt="{\displaystyle V_{\rm {atom}}={\frac {V_{\rm {cell}}}{n}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> dan <i>n</i> adalah jumlah atom per sel satuan volume <i>V</i><sub>cell</sub>. </dd> </dl> <p>Sel satuan silikon memiliki susunan kemasan kubik 8 atom, dan volume sel satuan dapat diukur dengan menentukan parameter sel satuan tunggal, panjang <i>a</i> dari satu sisi kubus.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nilai CODATA 2018 dari <i>a</i> untuk silikon adalah <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990543102051100000♠"></span>5,431020</span>511(89)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−10</sup> m.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Dalam praktiknya, pengukuran dilakukan pada jarak yang dikenal sebagai <i>d</i><sub>220</sub>(Si), yang merupakan jarak antara bidang yang dilambangkan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Indeks_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Indeks Miller (halaman belum tersedia)">indeks Miller</a> {220}, dan sama dengan <i>a</i>/<span class="nowrap">√<span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 0.1em;">8</span></span>.</p> <p>Komposisi proporsional isotop dari sampel yang digunakan harus diukur dan diperhitungkan. Silikon terjadi dalam tiga isotop stabil (<sup>28</sup>Si, <sup>29</sup>Si, <sup>30</sup>Si), dan variasi alami dalam proporsinya lebih besar daripada ketidakpastian lain dalam pengukuran. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berat_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom">Berat atom</a> <i>A</i><sub>r</sub> untuk sampel kristal dapat dihitung, karena <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berat_atom_standar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">berat atom standar</a> dari tiga <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nuklida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nuklida">nuklida</a> diketahui dengan sangat akurat. Ini, bersama dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerapatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kerapatan">kepadatan</a> yang diukur <i>ρ</i> dari sampel, memungkinkan volume molar <i>V</i><sub>m</sub> akan ditentukan:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{\rm {m}}={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}}{\rho }}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> m </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi> A </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> r </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi> M </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal"> u </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi> ρ<!-- ρ --> </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V_{\rm {m}}={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}}{\rho }}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a88c63700b175812bb513ac18fa1587a0aa2454" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:12.911ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{\rm {m}}={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}}{\rho }}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12.911ex;height: 5.843ex;vertical-align: -2.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a88c63700b175812bb513ac18fa1587a0aa2454" data-alt="{\displaystyle V_{\rm {m}}={\frac {A_{\rm {r}}M_{\rm {u}}}{\rho }}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>Dimana <i>M</i><sub>u</sub> adalah konstanta massa molar. Nilai CODATA 2018 untuk volume molar silikon adalah <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995120588319900000♠"></span>1,205883</span>199(60)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>, dengan ketidakpastian standar relatif dari <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6992490000000000000♠"></span>4,9<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−8</sup></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output 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</noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/25px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="25" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/37px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/49px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Fisika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Fisika">Portal Fisika </a></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massa_(spektrometri_massa)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massa (spektrometri massa) (halaman belum tersedia)">Massa (spektrometri massa)</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massa_Kendrick&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massa Kendrick (halaman belum tersedia)">Massa Kendrick</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massa_monoisotopik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massa monoisotopik (halaman belum tersedia)">Massa monoisotopik</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rasio_massa-ke-pengisian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rasio massa-ke-pengisian (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasio massa-ke-pengisian</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bipm9th-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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Phys.</a></i> <b>77</b> (1): 1–107. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005RvMP...77....1M">2005RvMP...77....1M</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1103%252FRevModPhys.77.1">10.1103/RevModPhys.77.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rev.+Mod.+Phys.&rft.atitle=CODATA+recommended+values+of+the+fundamental+physical+constants%3A+2002&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-107&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.77.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005RvMP...77....1M&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207130125/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Loschmidt-1865.html">"Loschmidt on Molecular Size"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 2006-02-07. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Loschmidt+on+Molecular+Size&rft.date=2006-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us%2Fwebdocs%2FChem-History%2FLoschmidt-1865.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/ceremony-speech/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1926%2Fceremony-speech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ebrit1974-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ebrit1974_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>ebrit1974</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This account is based on the review in <cite class="citation journal">Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N. (1999). "CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 1998". <i><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Physical_and_Chemical_Reference_Data&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (halaman belum tersedia)">J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data</a></i>. <b>28</b> (6): 1713–1852. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1103%252FRevModPhys.72.351">10.1103/RevModPhys.72.351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Phys.+Chem.+Ref.+Data&rft.atitle=CODATA+recommended+values+of+the+fundamental+physical+constants%3A+1998&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1713-1852&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.72.351&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N. (1999). "CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 1998". <i><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Physical_and_Chemical_Reference_Data&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (halaman belum tersedia)">J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data</a></i>. <b>28</b> (6): 1713–1852. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1103%252FRevModPhys.72.351">10.1103/RevModPhys.72.351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Phys.+Chem.+Ref.+Data&rft.atitle=CODATA+recommended+values+of+the+fundamental+physical+constants%3A+1998&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1713-1852&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.72.351&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Barry+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">2018, CODATA recommended values. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/bibliography.html">"NIST"</a>. <i>The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+NIST+Reference+on+Constants%2C+Units%2C+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=NIST&rft.aulast=2018&rft.aufirst=CODATA+recommended+values&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FConstants%2Fbibliography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mineralogy Database (2000–2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://webmineral.com/help/CellDimensions.shtml">"Unit Cell Formula"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unit+Cell+Formula&rft.date=2000%2F2005&rft.au=Mineralogy+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebmineral.com%2Fhelp%2FCellDimensions.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?asil">"2018 CODATA Value: lattice parameter of silicon"</a>. <i>The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty</i>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a>. 20 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+NIST+Reference+on+Constants%2C+Units%2C+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=2018+CODATA+Value%3A+lattice+parameter+of+silicon&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcuu%2FValue%3Fasil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mvolsil">"2018 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon"</a>. <i>The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty</i>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a>. 20 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+NIST+Reference+on+Constants%2C+Units%2C+and+Uncertainty&rft.atitle=2018+CODATA+Value%3A+molar+volume+of+silicon&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcuu%2FValue%3Fmvolsil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ADalton+%28satuan%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>sunting</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Compositions/">Berat atom dan komposisi isotop</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115211624/http://www.sizes.com/units/atomic_mass_unit.htm">satuan massa atom</a> di size.com</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.018 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DDalton_(satuan)%26oldid%3D24049558">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&oldid=24049558</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dalton_(satuan)&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="JumadilM" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1692673287"> <span>Terakhir diubah pada 22 Agustus 2023, pukul 03.01</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Bahasa</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(eenheid)" title="Dalton (eenheid) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dalton (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584_%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="وحدة كتل ذرية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة كتل ذرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unid%25C3%25A1_de_masa_at%25C3%25B3mica" title="Unidá de masa atómica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Unidá de masa atómica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D2%25A3_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D3%2599%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5" title="Массаның атом берәмеге – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Массаның атом берәмеге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Атамная адзінка масы – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атамная адзінка масы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Единица за атомна маса – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Единица за атомна маса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25A8_(%25E0%25A6%258F%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%2595)" title="ডাল্টন (একক) – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডাল্টন (একক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%25A1%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2595%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BE%25A4%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%259A%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BE%25A9%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%259E%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="རྡུལ་ཕྲན་སྤུས་ཚད་རྩི་གཞི། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡུལ་ཕྲན་སྤུས་ཚད་རྩི་གཞི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unanenn_vas_atomek" title="Unanenn vas atomek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unanenn vas atomek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedinica_atomske_mase" title="Jedinica atomske mase – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jedinica atomske mase" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_de_massa_at%25C3%25B2mica" title="Unitat de massa atòmica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unitat de massa atòmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25C4%2583%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25C4%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8" title="Массăн атомла пĕрчи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Массăн атомла пĕрчи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uned_Dalton" title="Uned Dalton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Uned Dalton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommasseenhed" title="Atommasseenhed – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atommasseenhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atomare Masseneinheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B1_%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B6%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Ατομική μονάδα μάζας – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατομική μονάδα μάζας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dalton (unit)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommasa_unuo" title="Atommasa unuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atommasa unuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidad_de_masa_at%25C3%25B3mica" title="Unidad de masa atómica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidad de masa atómica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aatommassi%25C3%25BChik" title="Aatommassiühik – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aatommassiühik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_atomikoaren_unitate" title="Masa atomikoaren unitate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Masa atomikoaren unitate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25DB%258C" title="یکای جرم اتمی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یکای جرم اتمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomimassayksikk%25C3%25B6" title="Atomimassayksikkö – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atomimassayksikkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%25C3%25A9_de_masse_atomique_unifi%25C3%25A9e" title="Unité de masse atomique unifiée – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Unité de masse atomique unifiée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomaar_masenianhaid" title="Atomaar masenianhaid – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Atomaar masenianhaid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom%25C3%25AAre_massa-ienheid" title="Atomêre massa-ienheid – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Atomêre massa-ienheid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonad_maise_adamha%25C3%25AD" title="Aonad maise adamhaí – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aonad maise adamhaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_de_masa_at%25C3%25B3mica" title="Unidade de masa atómica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unidade de masa atómica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2597%25D7%2599%25D7%2593%25D7%25AA_%25D7%259E%25D7%25A1%25D7%2594_%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%2597%25D7%2593%25D7%25AA" title="יחידת מסה אטומית מאוחדת – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחידת מסה אטומית מאוחדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%258F%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25A4_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595" title="एकीकृत परमाण्वीय द्रव्यमान मात्रक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एकीकृत परमाण्वीय द्रव्यमान मात्रक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomska_jedinica_mase" title="Atomska jedinica mase – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atomska jedinica mase" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomi_t%25C3%25B6megegys%25C3%25A9g" title="Atomi tömegegység – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Atomi tömegegység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AE%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B4%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BE%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580" title="Զանգվածի ատոմական միավոր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զանգվածի ատոմական միավոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%25C3%25A0_di_massa_atomica" title="Unità di massa atomica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unità di massa atomica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25B5%25B1%25E4%25B8%2580%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E8%25B3%25AA%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%258D%2598%25E4%25BD%258D" title="統一原子質量単位 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="統一原子質量単位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598" title="მასის ატომური ერთეული – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მასის ატომური ერთეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D2%25A3_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D0%25B1%25D1%2596%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D1%2596" title="Массаның атомдық бірлігі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Массаның атомдық бірлігі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259B%2590%25EC%259E%2590_%25EC%25A7%2588%25EB%259F%2589_%25EB%258B%25A8%25EC%259C%2584" title="원자 질량 단위 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자 질량 단위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomin%25C4%2597s_mas%25C4%2597s_vienetas" title="Atominės masės vienetas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atominės masės vienetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommasas_vien%25C4%25ABba" title="Atommasas vienība – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atommasas vienība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258C_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586" title="Сталмость атомонь единицац – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сталмость атомонь единицац" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Атомска единица за маса – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атомска единица за маса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2585%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2582%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D" title="അറ്റോമിക് മാസ്സ് യൂണിറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അറ്റോമിക് മാസ്സ് യൂണിറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B6" title="Атомын жингийн нэгж – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Атомын жингийн нэгж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%25C3%25A0_e%2527_massa_atomeca" title="Unità e' massa atomeca – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Unità e' massa atomeca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomare_Masseneenheit" title="Atomare Masseneenheit – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Atomare Masseneenheit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomaire_massa-eenheid" title="Atomaire massa-eenheid – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atomaire massa-eenheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommasseeining" title="Atommasseeining – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Atommasseeining" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommasseenhet" title="Atommasseenhet – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atommasseenhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitat_de_massa_atomica" title="Unitat de massa atomica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Unitat de massa atomica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2595_%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8_%25E0%25A8%25AF%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%259F" title="ਅਟਾਮਿਕ ਮਾਸ ਯੂਨਿਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਟਾਮਿਕ ਮਾਸ ਯੂਨਿਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednostka_masy_atomowej" title="Jednostka masy atomowej – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jednostka masy atomowej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%25C3%25A0_%25C3%25ABd_massa_at%25C3%25B2mica" title="Unità ëd massa atòmica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Unità ëd massa atòmica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25DB%2581%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C" title="جوہری کمیتی اکائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوہری کمیتی اکائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%25C3%25B4mica" title="Unidade de massa atômica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unidade de massa atômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitate_atomic%25C4%2583_de_mas%25C4%2583" title="Unitate atomică de masă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Unitate atomică de masă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Атомная единица массы – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атомная единица массы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitati_di_massa_at%25C3%25B2mica" title="Unitati di massa atòmica – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Unitati di massa atòmica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedinica_atomske_mase" title="Jedinica atomske mase – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jedinica atomske mase" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dalton (unit)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%25C3%25B3mov%25C3%25A1_hmotnostn%25C3%25A1_jednotka" title="Atómová hmotnostná jednotka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atómová hmotnostná jednotka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enota_atomske_mase" title="Enota atomske mase – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enota atomske mase" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5" title="Јединица атомске масе – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јединица атомске масе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommassenhet" title="Atommassenhet – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atommassenhet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2585%25E0%25AE%25A3%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%2588_%25E0%25AE%2585%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581" title="அணு நிறை அலகு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணு நிறை அலகு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D2%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Воҳиди атомии масса – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Воҳиди атомии масса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="หน่วยมวลอะตอม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยมวลอะตอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomik_k%25C3%25BCtle_birimi" title="Atomik kütle birimi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atomik kütle birimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8" title="Атомна одиниця маси – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атомна одиниця маси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25DB%2581%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C" title="جوہری کمیتی اکائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہری کمیتی اکائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massaning_atom_birligi" title="Massaning atom birligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Massaning atom birligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(%25C4%2591%25C6%25A1n_v%25E1%25BB%258B)" title="Dalton (đơn vị) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dalton (đơn vị)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunit_masa_atomiko" title="Yunit masa atomiko – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yunit masa atomiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E8%25B4%25A8%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%258D%2595%25E4%25BD%258D" title="原子质量单位 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原子质量单位" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2581%2593%25E5%25B0%2594%25E9%25A1%25BF_(%25E5%258D%2595%25E4%25BD%258D)" title="道尔顿 (单位) – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="道尔顿 (单位)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258E%259F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E8%25B3%25AA%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%2596%25AE%25E4%25BD%258D" title="原子質量單位 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原子質量單位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" 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