ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/","20220307224430","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1646693070"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <base target="_top"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="author" content="information@eso.org"/> <meta name="description" content="ESO, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"/> <meta name="keywords" content="ESO, eso.org, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astronomie, Suedsternwarte, telescopes, detectors, comets, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, universe, NTT, VLT, VLTI, ALMA, ELT, La Silla, Paranal, Garching, Chile"/> <meta name="statvooVerification" content="f546f5bccd3fb7f8c5d8e97c6beab814"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/" hreflang="x-default"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/science/top10/" hreflang="en-au"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/science/top10/" hreflang="en-gb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/science/top10/" hreflang="en-ie"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/science/top10/" hreflang="en-us"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/science/top10/" hreflang="sq"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/science/top10/" hreflang="cs"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/science/top10/" hreflang="da"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/science/top10/" hreflang="nl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/science/top10/" hreflang="nl-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/science/top10/" hreflang="fi"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/france/science/top10/" hreflang="fr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/science/top10/" hreflang="fr-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/science/top10/" hreflang="fr-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/science/top10/" hreflang="de"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/science/top10/" hreflang="de-at"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/science/top10/" hreflang="de-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/science/top10/" hreflang="de-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/greece/science/top10/" hreflang="el"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/science/top10/" hreflang="hu"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/science/top10/" hreflang="is"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/science/top10/" hreflang="it"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/science/top10/" hreflang="it-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/science/top10/" hreflang="nb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/science/top10/" hreflang="pl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/science/top10/" hreflang="pt-br"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/science/top10/" hreflang="pt"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/science/top10/" hreflang="ru"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/science/top10/" hreflang="es"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/science/top10/" hreflang="es-cl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/science/top10/" hreflang="sr-latn"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/science/top10/" hreflang="sv"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/science/top10/" hreflang="tr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/science/top10/" hreflang="uk"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/favicon.ico"/> <title>ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries | ESO</title>  <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430cs_/https://fast.fonts.net/t/1.css?apiType=css&projectid=03892b9b-79f6-4f01-9746-af912ebf5e47"); </style> <link href="/web/20220307224430cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/main.36985f868815.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoTopNews" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Top News"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoAnnouncements" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Announcements"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://feeds.feedburner.com/ESOcast" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOCast"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://recruitment.eso.org/jobs.rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jobs@ESO"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOblog"/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ESO"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ESO"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="/mtmo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <meta property="og:title" content="ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries"/> <meta property="og:description" content="ESO telescopes provide the data for many results and breakthroughs in astronomy, and lead to a large number of scientific publications each year. Here is a list of ESO top 10 astronomical discoveries."/> <meta name="description" content="ESO telescopes provide the data for many results and breakthroughs in astronomy, and lead to a large number of scientific publications each year. Here is a list of ESO top 10 astronomical discoveries."/> </head> <body> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="cArDUfyXm3kOQthHX7PkGxTRJ9fxqV6EcDspo3Qagd2r4HuoqUs9OMRlyTOMOXcj"/> <div id="privacy-notice" style="display: none"> <p> By continuing to use this website, you are giving consent to our use of cookies.<br> For more information on how ESO uses data and how you can disable cookies, please view <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> our privacy policy</a>. </p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="accept_privacy_notice()"> Accept </button> <script> // Display the privacy cookie if the cookie is not set if (!has_privacy_cookie()) { document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'block' } function has_privacy_cookie() { return document.cookie.split(';').filter(function(item) { return item.indexOf('privacy_notice_accepted=True') >= 0 }).length > 0 } function accept_privacy_notice() { let data = { LANGUAGE_CODE: 'en' } let csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken'); let headers = new Headers(); headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'); headers.append('X-CSRFToken', csrftoken); fetch('/public/accept-privacy-notice/', { method: 'post', headers: headers, credentials: 'include', body: JSON.stringify(data) }).then( document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'none' ) } function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } </script> </div> <nav class="navbar-general-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-general"> <div class="minilogo"> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div class="sprites-esologo-23-30" title="European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"></div> </a> </div> <div id="select-language"> <div class="flags"> <div title="Austria" class="sprites-flag_at"></div> <div title="Belgium" class="sprites-flag_be"></div> <div title="Czech Republic" class="sprites-flag_cz"></div> <div title="Denmark" class="sprites-flag_da"></div> <div title="Finland" class="sprites-flag_fi"></div> <div title="France" class="sprites-flag_fr"></div> <div title="Germany" class="sprites-flag_de"></div> <div title="Ireland" class="sprites-flag_ie"></div> <div title="Italy" class="sprites-flag_it"></div> <div title="Netherlands" class="sprites-flag_nl"></div> <div title="Poland" class="sprites-flag_pl"></div> <div title="Portugal" class="sprites-flag_pt"></div> <div title="Spain" class="sprites-flag_es"></div> <div title="Sweden" class="sprites-flag_sv"></div> <div title="Switzerland" class="sprites-flag_ch"></div> <div title="UK" class="sprites-flag_gb"></div> <div style="margin-left: 8px" title="Chile" class="sprites-flag_cl"></div> </div> <div class="languages"> <div class="language-button"> <span class="language-text">Select Language (en)</span> <div class="language-flag"><div title="en" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div><span> (en)</span></div> <span class="caret"></span> </div> <ul class="languages-dropdown" role="menu"> <li class="language selected"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/?lang"><div title="International English" class="flag sprites-flag_en"> </div>International English</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Dansk" class="flag sprites-flag_da"> </div>Dansk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Deutsch" class="flag sprites-flag_de"> </div>Deutsch</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Belgien)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Deutsch (Belgien)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Schweiz)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Deutsch (Schweiz)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Österreich)" class="flag sprites-flag_at"> </div>Deutsch (Österreich)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/science/top10/?lang"><div title="English (Australia)" class="flag sprites-flag_au"> </div>English (Australia)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/science/top10/?lang"><div title="English (Ireland)" class="flag sprites-flag_ie"> </div>English (Ireland)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/science/top10/?lang"><div title="English (UK)" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div>English (UK)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/science/top10/?lang"><div title="English (USA)" class="flag sprites-flag_us"> </div>English (USA)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Español" class="flag sprites-flag_es"> </div>Español</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Español (Chile)" class="flag sprites-flag_cl"> </div>Español (Chile)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/france/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Français" class="flag sprites-flag_fr"> </div>Français</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Français (Belgique)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Français (Belgique)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Français (Suisse)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Français (Suisse)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Italiano" class="flag sprites-flag_it"> </div>Italiano</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Italiano (Svizzera)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Italiano (Svizzera)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Magyarország" class="flag sprites-flag_hu"> </div>Magyarország</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Nederlands" class="flag sprites-flag_nl"> </div>Nederlands</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Nederlands (België)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Nederlands (België)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Norsk" class="flag sprites-flag_nb"> </div>Norsk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Polski" class="flag sprites-flag_pl"> </div>Polski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Português" class="flag sprites-flag_pt"> </div>Português</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Português (Brasil)" class="flag sprites-flag_br"> </div>Português (Brasil)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Shqip" class="flag sprites-flag_sq"> </div>Shqip</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Srpski" class="flag sprites-flag_sr-latn"> </div>Srpski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Suomi" class="flag sprites-flag_fi"> </div>Suomi</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Svenska" class="flag sprites-flag_sv"> </div>Svenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Türkçe" class="flag sprites-flag_tr"> </div>Türkçe</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Íslenska" class="flag sprites-flag_is"> </div>Íslenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Česky" class="flag sprites-flag_cs"> </div>Česky</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/science/top10/?lang"><div title="Русский" class="flag sprites-flag_ru"> </div>Русский</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/science/top10/?lang"><div title="українська" class="flag sprites-flag_uk"> </div>українська</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sections"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/sci.html">Science</a> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/UserPortal/">User Portal</a> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="searchbox-button"> <span class="fa fa-search"></span> </button> <div id="searchbox-dropdown"> <form action="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/search/" method="get" class="form-inline" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="Search..." name="q" class="form-control"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button> </span> </div>   </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe</a> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/">Contact</a> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/sitemap/">Site Map</a> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="main-menu-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="mobile-menu clearfix"> <button class="menu-trigger"><span class="fa fa-navicon"></span> Open Menu</button> </div> <ul class="level0 mainmenu-aim"> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/">About<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-2" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/esoglance/"> ESO, the European Southern Observatory </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/organisation/"> Organisation </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/"> Director General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-5" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/previous-dg/"> List of Directors General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-6" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/xbarcons/"> Prof. Xavier Barcons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/tdezeeuw/"> Prof. T. de Zeeuw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ccesarsk/"> Dr. C. Cesarsky </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/rgiacconi/"> Prof. R. Giacconi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/hvanderlaan/"> Prof. H. van der Laan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/lwoltjer/"> Prof. L. Woltjer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/"> Prof. A. Blaauw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/otto-heckmann/"> Prof. O. Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> Denmark </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/finnishinvolvement/"> Finland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/frenchinvolvement/"> France </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/germaninvolvement/"> Germany </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/irishinvolvement/"> Ireland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/italianinvolvement/"> Italy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/"> Netherlands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/polishinvolvement/"> Poland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/portugueseinvolvement/"> Portugal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/spanishinvolvement/"> Spain </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swedishinvolvement/"> Sweden </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swissinvolvement/"> Switzerland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/britishinvolvement/"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/"> Travel and Contacts <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-33" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA OSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/societal-benefits/"> ESO and Society </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-50" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/representation-office-chile/"> ESO Representation Office in Chile </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/architecture/"> Architecture at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/collaborations/"> Collaborations with ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/acronyms/"> ESO Acronyms </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/timeline/"> Timeline </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/green/"> Green ESO </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/"> Frequently Asked Questions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-57" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso/"> ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-vlt-paranal/"> VLT/Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/"> APEX/ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-survey-telescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://elt.eso.org/about/faq/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/privileges_and_immunities/"> Privileges and Immunities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso-australia/"> ESO & Australia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-67" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-69" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/360pano/ "> 360 Panorama </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/chile/"> Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/eso-supernova/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/illustrations/"> Illustrations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/peopleandevents/"> People and Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/comparisons/"> Image Comparisons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/imageformats/"> Image Formats </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/"> Picture of the Week <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-94" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2022/"> 2022 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-111" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://cdn.eso.org/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (3.5 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://cdn.eso.org/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (50 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-117" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-119" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/featuremovies/"> Feature Movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-144" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-145" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-146" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2022/"> 2022 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-149" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2001–2010 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-160" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-171" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-182" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1989/"> 1989 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1988/"> 1988 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1987/"> 1987 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1986/"> 1986 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1985/"> 1985 </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/"> Announcements <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-189" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2022/"> 2022 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/starsateso/"> Stars@ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/webupdates/"> New on eso.org </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/"> Press Room <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-206" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/broadcast/"> Broadcast Services </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Copyright Notice </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/"> ESO Newsletters <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-210" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/esonews/"> ESO News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/outreach/"> ESO Outreach Community Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/newsletter/"> ESO Science Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/#2"> ESO Media Newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/presscoverage/"> Press Coverage </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/">ESOshop<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-216" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/"> Shop Products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-217" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/annualreport/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/book/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/brochure/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/calendar/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/capjournal/"> CAPjournals </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/conferenceitem/"> Conferences </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/donation/"> Donations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/media/"> DVDs/Bluray/CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/educationalmaterial/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/supernovaactivity/"> ESO Supernova Activities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/flyer/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/handout/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/map/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/messenger/"> Messengers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/mountedimage/"> Mounted Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/postcard/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/printedposter/"> Posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/technicaldocument/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/sticker/"> Stickers </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/cart/"> View shopping cart </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/checkout/"> Checkout </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Information <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-241" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/bulk_orders/"> Bulk Orders </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Purchasing Steps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/payment/"> Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shipping/"> Shipping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shopstaff/"> Staff Shopping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/terms/"> Terms & Conditions </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/freeorder/"> Free Orders for Educators and Media </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/">Telescopes & Instruments<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-249" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-250" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-251" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-252" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/"> CRIRES+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-274" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlti/"> VLT Interferometer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-279" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-289" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-302" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-303" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-312" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-333" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-337" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-356" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-359" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-362" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-365" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-368" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-380" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/concerto/"> CONCERTO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-396" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-403" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/polarimetry/"> Polarimetry </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="current"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim selected current current-leaf"> <li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-418" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-420" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/?search=%23MeetESO"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-431" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-442" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-448" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> Movie </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/book/"> Book </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/reviews/"> Reviews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/bios/"> Bios </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/offers/"> Purchase Offers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/press/"> For the Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/contact/"> Contact Us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years-in-chile/"> 50 years of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-458" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-469" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-488" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-492" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/catch-a-star/"> Catch a Star </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-498" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-501" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/gems/"> Cosmic Gems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/"> Social Media </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/"> Ultra HD Expedition <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-514" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/team/"> Meet our Heroes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/journey/"> Journey Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/equipment/"> Equipment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/technology-partners/"> Technology Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/blog/"> Blog </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/for_planetariums/"> For Planetariums </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/webcams/"> Webcams </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/your_eso_pictures/"> Your ESO Pictures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/astroprize/"> European Astronomy Journalism Prize </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/"> Hidden Treasures <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-524" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/rules/"> Hidden Treasures Rules </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/instructions/"> Hidden Treasures Instructions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/science_archive/"> Hidden Treasures Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.flickr.com/groups/esohiddentreasures/"> Flickr Upload </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/"> Our Team <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-529" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/students/"> Students and Visitors </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://supernova.eso.org/join-us/"> Join us </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://supernova.eso.org/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/art/"> Art at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/data2dome/"> Data2Dome </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/"> ESOblog </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/">Products<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-536" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Audiovisual and multimedia <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-537" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/models3d/"> 3D models </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/applications/"> Apps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/media/"> DVDs and CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/imaxfilms/"> IMAX movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/minisites/"> Mini-sites </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/music/"> Music </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/planetariumshows/"> Planetarium shows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presentations/"> Presentations </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualbackgrounds/"> Virtual Backgrounds </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/"> Virtual Tours </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Periodicals <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-548" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/messengers/"> Messenger </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/capjournals/"> CAPjournal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/schools/"> Science in School </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Print products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-552" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/annualreports/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/books/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/brochures/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/bulletins/"> Bulletins </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/calendars/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/conf_posters/"> Conference posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/flyers/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/handouts/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/maps/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presskits/"> Press kits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/reports/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/postcards/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stickers/"> Stickers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/print_posters/"> Printed posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/papermodels/"> Paper models </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-568" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/mountedimages/"> Mounted images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stationery/"> Stationery </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Electronic products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-573" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/electroniccards/"> Electronic cards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/elec_posters/"> Electronic posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/epublications/"> ePublications </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualbackgrounds/"> Virtual Backgrounds </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/exhibitions/"> Exhibition material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/products/logos/"> Logos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/"> Order in ESOshop </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/">Business@ESO<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-582" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/cp.html"> Procurement at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.eso.org/public/industry/events/"> Industry Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/"> Technology Transfer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-585" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/technology-developed-by-industry-or-institutes/"> Technology Developed by Industries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/develeso/"> Novel technologies by ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/developments/"> ESO know-how </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/"> Future Projects <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-589" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/elt/"> Working with the ELT </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety.html"> Safety <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-591" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/emergency.html"> Emergency & Evacuation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/traffic.html"> Traffic & Parking at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/contractors.html"> Contractors at ESO </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/contact/"> Contact Information </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://recruitment.eso.org/">Career Opportunities<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-596" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://recruitment.eso.org/"> Recruitment </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/"> Employment Conditions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-598" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/intstaff/"> International Staff Members </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/localstaff/"> Local Staff Members (Spanish / English) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/fellows/"> Fellows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/students/"> Students </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/paidassoc/"> Paid Associates </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/working-at-eso/"> Working at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/other-information/"> Other Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/how_to_use/"> How to use this site </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="content" class=""> <div id="eso-side-logo"> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div data-spy="affix" class="affix"> <div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries</h1> <div class="youtube-wrapper"> <div id="youtube-player"></div> </div> <p><small>ESOcast 75: ESO’s Top 10 Discoveries. <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/esocast75a/">Download and more info</a></small></p> <p>Observations with ESO telescopes have led to many breakthroughs in astronomy, and, over the years, have been responsible for some truly remarkable findings. Here is our list of ESO´s Top 10 astronomical discoveries so far.</p> <ol> <li> <h3><strong>Stars orbiting the Milky Way black hole </strong></h3> Several of ESO's flagship telescopes were used in a close to 30-year-long study to obtain the most detailed view ever of the surroundings of the monster lurking at the heart of our galaxy — a supermassive black hole. The observations made with the VLT have for the first time revealed the effects predicted by Einstein's general relativity on the motion of a star passing through the extreme gravitational field near the supermassive black hole in the centre of the Milky Way. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2017/">2020 Nobel Prize in Physics</a> was awarded "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy".<br> <strong>Science papers</strong>:<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Natur.419..694S">Schödel et al. 2003</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2002Natur.419..694S">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...692.1075G">Gillessen et al. 2009</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2009ApJ...692.1075G">Telbib</a>)<br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0226/">ESO Press Release eso0226</a>, <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0846/">eso0846</a>, <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1151/">eso1151</a>, <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1332/">eso1332</a>, <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1512/">eso1512</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1825/">eso1825</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2006/">eso2006</a>.<br><br></li> <li> <h3><strong>Accelerating Universe </strong></h3> Two independent research teams, based on observations of exploding stars, including those from ESO's telescopes at La Silla and Paranal, have shown that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. The <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann11069/">2011 Nobel Prize in Physics</a> was awarded for this result.<br> <strong>Science papers</strong>:<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/517/2/565">Perlmutter et al., 1999ApJ...517..565P</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=1999ApJ...517..565P">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AJ....116.1009R" target="_blank">Riess,A. et.al., 1998, AJ116 1009</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=1998AJ....116.1009R">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://web.archive.org/web/20170911051405/http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/306308/pdf;jsessionid=B42271A7593D2DE9CB032CEF75CF16D2.c4.iopscience.cld.iop.org">Schmidt, B. et.al., 1998, ApJ 507 46</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=1998ApJ...507...46S">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Natur.391...51P">Perlmutter, S. et al, 1998, Nature, vol. 391, 51</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=1998Natur.391...51P">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...594....1T">Tonry, J.L. et al, 2003, ApJ</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2003ApJ...594....1T">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...598..102K">Knop, R.A. et al, 2003, ApJ</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2003ApJ...598..102K">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ApJ...607..665R">Riess, A. et al, 2004, ApJ</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2004ApJ...607..665R">Telbib</a>),<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A&A...447...31A">Astier, P. et al, 2006, A&A</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2006A%26A...447...31A">Telbib</a>)<br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9861/">ESO Press Release eso9861<br><br></a></li> <li> <h3><strong>Planet Found in Habitable Zone Around Nearest Star, Proxima Centauri</strong></h3> The long-sought world, designated Proxima b, orbits its cool red parent star every 11 days and has a temperature suitable for liquid water to exist on its surface. This rocky world is a little more massive than the Earth and is the closest exoplanet to us — and it may also be the closest possible abode for life outside the Solar System.<br><strong>Science paper</strong>:<br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v536/n7617/full/nature19106.html">Anglada-Escudé et al. </a>(<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://telbib.eso.org/detail.php?bibcode=2016Natur.536..437A" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Telbib</a>)<br><strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1629/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ESO Press Release eso1629</a><br></li> <br> <li> <h3><strong>Astronomers Capture First Image of a Black Hole</strong></h3> ESO, ALMA, and APEX contribute to paradigm-shifting observations of the gargantuan black hole at the heart of the galaxy Messier 87 The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) — a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio telescopes forged through international collaboration — was designed to capture images of a black hole. EHT researchers have succeeded producing the first direct visual evidence of a supermassive black hole and its shadow. The image reveals the black hole at the centre of Messier 87, a massive galaxy in the nearby Virgo galaxy cluster.<br><strong>Science papers</strong><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7">Paper I:The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole</a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c96">Paper II:Array and Instrumentation</a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57">Paper III:Data processing and Calibration</a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0e85">Paper IV:Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole</a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43">Paper V:Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring</a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1141">Paper VI:The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole</a><br/> <strong>Read more</strong> <br/>On the EHT page: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://eso.org/eht">eso.org/eht</a> and in ESO Press Release <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1907/">eso1907</a></li> <br> <li> <h3><strong>Revolutionary ALMA image reveals planetary genesis</strong></h3> In 2014, ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, revealed remarkable details of a solar system that is forming. The images of HL Tauri were the sharpest ever made at submillimetre wavelengths. They show how forming planets are vacuuming up dust and gas in a protoplanetary disc.<br> <strong>Science paper: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://telbib.eso.org/detail.php?bibcode=2015ApJ...808L...3A" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal;">2015ApJ...808L...3A</a><br>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1436/">ESO press release eso1436</a><br><br></li> <li> <h3><strong>First image of an exoplanet </strong></h3> The VLT has obtained the first-ever image of a planet outside our Solar System. The 5-Jupiter-mass planet orbits a failed star — a brown dwarf — at a distance of 55 times the mean Earth-Sun distance.<br> <strong>Science paper</strong>:<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004A&A...425L..29C">Chauvin et al. 2004</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?bibcode=2004A%26A...425L..29C">Telbib</a>)<br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0428/">ESO Press Release eso0428<br><br></a></li> <li> <h3><strong>First light from gravitational wave source </strong></h3> ESO’s fleet of telescopes in Chile have detected the first visible counterpart to a gravitational wave source. These historic observations suggest that this unique object is the result of the merger of two neutron stars. The cataclysmic aftermaths of this kind of merger — long-predicted events called kilonovae — disperse heavy elements such as gold and platinum throughout the Universe. <br> <strong>Science papers</strong>:<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1733/eso1733a.pdf">E. Pian et al, 2017, Nature</a> <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1733/eso1733b.pdf">N. R. Tanvir et al, 2017, Astrophysical Journal Letters</a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1733/eso1733c.pdf">S. J. Smartt et al, 2017, Nature</a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1733/eso1733d.pdf">S. Covino et al, 2017, Nature Astronomy </a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1733/eso1733e.pdf">J. Hjorth et al, 2017, Astrophysical Journal Letters</a><br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1733/eso1733f.pdf"> A. J. Levan et al, 2017, Astrophysical Journal Letters</a><br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1733/">ESO Press Release eso1733</a> <br><br> </li> <li> <h3><strong>Direct measurements of the spectra of exoplanets and their atmospheres</strong></h3> The atmosphere around a super-Earth exoplanet has been analysed for the first time using the VLT. The planet, which is known as GJ 1214b, was studied as it passed in front of its parent star and some of the starlight passed through the planet’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is either mostly water in the form of steam or is dominated by thick clouds or hazes. This follows from the earlier first direct spectrum of an exoplanet.<br> <strong>Science papers:</strong><br> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1047/eso1047.pdf">Bean, J. et al, 2010, Nature</a><a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1002/eso1002.pdf"><br> Janson, M. et al, 2010, ApJ</a><br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1047/">ESO Press Release eso1047</a> and in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1002/">ESO Press Release eso1002<br><br></a></li> <li> <h3><strong>Cosmic temperature independently measured </strong></h3> The VLT has detected carbon monoxide molecules in a galaxy located almost 11 billion light-years away for the first time, a feat that had remained elusive for 25 years. This has allowed astronomers to obtain the most precise measurement of the cosmic temperature at such a remote epoch.<br> <strong>Science paper</strong>:<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2008/18/aa09727-08/aa09727-08.html">Srianand, R. et al, 2008, A&A</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://archive.eso.org/wdb/wdb/eso/publications/query?PaperID=39222">Telbib</a>)<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...526L...7N">Noterdaeme et al., A&A</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://telbib.eso.org/detail.php?bibcode=2011A%26A...526L...7N">Telbib</a>)<br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0813/">ESO Press Release eso0813<br><br> </a></li> <li> <h3><strong>Record-breaking planetary system</strong></h3> Astronomers have found a system of seven Earth-sized planets just 40 light-years away. Using ground and space telescopes, including ESO’s Very Large Telescope, the planets were all detected as they passed in front of their parent star, the ultracool dwarf star known as TRAPPIST-1. Three of the planets lie in the habitable zone and could harbour oceans of water on their surfaces, increasing the possibility that the star system could play host to life. This system has both the largest number of Earth-sized planets yet found and the largest number of worlds that could support liquid water on their surfaces.<br> <strong>Science paper</strong>:<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1706/eso1706a.pdf">Gillon et al. (2017)</a> (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://telbib.eso.org/detail.php?bibcode=2017Natur.542..456G">Telbib</a>)<br> <strong>Read more</strong> in the <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1706/">ESO Press Release eso1706</a><br><br></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220307224430/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20220307224430cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20220307224430js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.6ae27c5f7b90.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.createElement('script'); tag.src = "https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api"; var firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, firstScriptTag); var player; function onYouTubeIframeAPIReady() { player = new YT.Player('youtube-player', { height: '387', width: '688', videoId: 'GIMAocKlagM', playerVars: { 'modestbranding': 1, 'hl': 'en', 'rel': 0 }, events: { 'onReady': onPlayerReady, } }); function onPlayerReady(event) { // event.target.setPlaybackQuality('large'); } } </script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/&text=ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/&media=&description=ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307224430/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries&body=https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="cArDUfyXm3kOQthHX7PkGxTRJ9fxqV6EcDspo3Qagd2r4HuoqUs9OMRlyTOMOXcj"/> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries | ESO