intertextual.bible | Biblical Intertextuality | 1 Enoch 8:1

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-7SPJWS8CP8"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-7SPJWS8CP8'); </script> <script type="text/javascript">// Hotjar Disabled</script> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph"> { "@context":"https://schema.org", "@graph":[ { "@type":"WebSite", "@id":"https://intertextual.bible/#website", "url":"https://intertextual.bible/", "name":"intertextual.bible", "description":"Exploring intertextuality and the literary relationships between the Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, Pseudepigrapha, Deuterocanon, Classical literature, New Testament, Targums, Rabbinic material, Christian Patristic material, and related writings.", "inLanguage":"en-US" }, { "@type":"WebPage", "@id":"https://intertextual.bible/text/1-enoch-8.1-pirkei-derabbi-eliezer-22#webpage", "url":"https://intertextual.bible/text/1-enoch-8.1-pirkei-derabbi-eliezer-22/", "name":"intertextual.bible | 1 Enoch 8:1 | Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4", "isPartOf":{ "@id":"https://intertextual.bible/#website" }, "description":"Biblical Intertextuality | 1 Enoch 8:1 | Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4", "inLanguage":"en-US", "potentialAction":[ { "@type":"ReadAction", "target":[ "https://intertextual.bible/text/1-enoch-8.1-pirkei-derabbi-eliezer-22/" ] } ] } ] } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "name" : "intertextual.bible", "url" : "https://intertextual.bible", "sameAs" : [ "https://twitter.com/intertextbible" ] } </script> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/images/apple-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/images/apple-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/images/apple-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/images/apple-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/images/apple-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/images/apple-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/images/apple-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/images/apple-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/images/android-icon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/images/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/images/manifest.json"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://intertextual.bible/rss/intertexts" title="intertextual.bible"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/images/ms-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="description" content="Exploring intertextuality and the literary relationships between the Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, Pseudepigrapha, Deuterocanon, Classical literature, New Testament, Targums, Rabbinic material, Christian Patristic material, and related writings."> <meta name="keywords" content="Intertextuality, Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, Pseudepigrapha, Deuterocanon, New Testament, Targum, Rabbinic, Patristic, Literature"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://intertextual.bible/text/1-enoch-8.1-pirkei-derabbi-eliezer-22"> <title>intertextual.bible | Biblical Intertextuality | 1 Enoch 8:1 | Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,500,600,700%7cPoppins:300,400,500,600,700,800,900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://intertextual.bible/css/theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" id="style-default"> <style> ul.columned { column-count: 4; column-width: 250px; } ul.columned-three { column-count: 3; column-width: 250px; } ul.columned-two { column-count: 2; column-width: 250px; } ul.columned-one { column-count: 1; column-width: 250px; } span.highlight-1 { background: #DEF; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } span.highlight-2 { background: #FDB; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } span.highlight-3 { background: #FCC; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } span.search-highlight { background: yellow; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } fieldset { border-radius: 10px; } fieldset > legend { font-size: 1.25rem; } .no-break { overflow: hidden; break-inside: avoid-column; column-break-inside: avoid; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; } .custom-tab .nav-item .nav-link { border: 1px solid lightgrey; border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0; border-bottom: none; margin-right: 5px; /* you can adjust it according to your needs */ } .align-left { flex-grow: 1; text-align: left; } .align-right { text-align: right; } a[name] { padding-top: 70px; margin-top: -70px; vertical-align: top; } </style> </head> <body>  <main class="main" id="top"> <div class="container" data-layout="container">  <nav class="navbar navbar-light navbar-vertical navbar-expand-xl"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center pt-1"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center py-3"><img class="me-2" src="https://intertextual.bible/images/icon-grey.png" alt="intertextual.bible icon" width="45" /><span style="font-size: 1.2rem">intertextual.bible</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarVerticalCollapse" style="margin-top: -4px"> <div class="navbar-vertical-content scrollbar"> <ul class="navbar-nav flex-column mb-3" id="navbarVerticalNav"> <li class="nav-item"> <div class="search-box d-block d-sm-block d-md-block d-lg-none"> <form class="position-relative" method="post" action="/search"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="kB22rm54B3Mn2NbPqPbpzRd1yDfsaJpJXB90eayH" autocomplete="off"> <input class="form-control search-input fuzzy-search" type="text" name="search" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search" /> <span class="fas fa-search search-box-icon"></span> </form> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <div class="row navbar-vertical-label-wrapper mt-2 mb-2"> <div class="col-auto navbar-vertical-label" style="font-size: 1.1em; color: royalblue;">Search Texts </div> <div class="col ps-0"> <hr class="mb-0 navbar-vertical-divider" /> </div> </div> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/ancient-near-east" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-book-open"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Ancient Near East</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/hebrew-bible" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-torah"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Hebrew Bible</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/septuagint" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-file-invoice"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Septuagint</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/dead-sea-scrolls" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-paste"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Dead Sea Scrolls</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/deuterocanon" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-book"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Deuterocanon</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/samaritan" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-file-contract"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Samaritan</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/pseudepigrapha" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-sticky-note"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Pseudepigrapha</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/new-testament" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-bible"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">New Testament</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/targum" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-file-alt"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Targum</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/rabbinic" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-synagogue"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Rabbinic</span></div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/patristic" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-church"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Patristic</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/group/classical" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-university"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Classical</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <div class="row navbar-vertical-label-wrapper mt-3 mb-2"> <div class="col-auto navbar-vertical-label" style="font-size: 1.1em; color: royalblue;">Search References </div> <div class="col ps-0"> <hr class="mb-0 navbar-vertical-divider" /> </div> </div> <a class="nav-link" href="/references/title" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fab fa-autoprefixer"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">By Title</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/references/author" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-user"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">By Author</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/references/publisher" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-users"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">By Publisher</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/references/year" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-calendar"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">By Year</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item">  <div class="row navbar-vertical-label-wrapper mt-3 mb-2"> <div class="col-auto navbar-vertical-label" style="font-size: 1.1em; color: royalblue;">Content </div> <div class="col ps-0"> <hr class="mb-0 navbar-vertical-divider" /> </div> </div>   <a class="nav-link" href="/about" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-question"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">About This Website</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://intertextualbible.substack.com" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-blog"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Blog / Substack</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/random" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-retweet"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">View Random Text</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/rss/intertexts" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-rss"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">RSS Feed</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/comments" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-user"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">User Comments</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/changelog" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-clipboard-list"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Changelog</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/glossary" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-list-ul"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Glossary</span> </div> </a> <a class="nav-link" href="/contact" role="button"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <span class="nav-link-icon"><span class="fas fa-file-signature"></span></span> <span class="nav-link-text ps-1">Contact</span> </div> </a>  </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav>   <div class="content">  <nav class="navbar navbar-light navbar-glass navbar-top navbar-expand"> <button class="btn navbar-toggler-humburger-icon navbar-toggler me-1 me-sm-3" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarVerticalCollapse" aria-controls="navbarVerticalCollapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle Navigation"><span class="navbar-toggle-icon"><span class="toggle-line"></span></span></button> <a class="navbar-brand me-1 me-sm-3" href="/"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <img class="me-2" src="https://intertextual.bible/images/icon-grey.png" alt="" width="45" /><span class="font-sans-serif" style="font-size: 1.1rem">intertextual.bible</span> </div> </a> <ul class="navbar-nav align-items-center d-none d-sm-none d-md-none d-lg-block"> <li class="nav-item"> <div class="search-box"> <form class="position-relative" method="post" action="/search"> <input class="form-control search-input fuzzy-search" type="text" name="search" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search" /> <span class="fas fa-search search-box-icon"></span> </form> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav navbar-nav-icons ms-auto flex-row align-items-center"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link float-left mr-3 mr-md-0 fs-2" style="color: #1DA1F2" href="https://twitter.com/intertextbible" target="_blank"> <span class="fab fa-twitter"></span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link float-left mr-3 mr-md-0 fs-2" style="color: #4267B2" href="https://www.facebook.com/people/intertextualbible/100087527915578/" target="_blank"> <span class="fab fa-facebook"></span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link float-left mr-3 mr-md-0 fs-2" style="color: #833AB4" href="https://www.instagram.com/intertextual.bible/" target="_blank"> <span class="fab fa-instagram"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div class="row g-3">  <div class="col-xxl-7">  <div class="card mb-3"> <div class="card-header bg-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h4 title="1135" class="card-header-title mb-0 text-primary">1 Enoch 8:1</h4> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <em><em>Pseudepigrapha</em></em> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-body pt-1 pb-1 overflow-hidden"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 p-0"> <p class="highlightable-text mt-0 mb-0 px-3 py-2" style="line-height: 1.75rem;"> <span title="1 Enoch 8:1"><strong class="verseindent">1</strong> And Azâzal taught men to make swords, knives, shields, and breastplates, and revealed to them the metals of the earth and how to work with them, as well as how to make bracelets, ornaments, and the use antimony, <span class="highlight-1">beautifying the eyelids, along with all kinds of precious stones and various dyes.</span></span> <span title="1 Enoch 8:2"><strong class="verseindent">2</strong> <span class="highlight-1">Widespread wickedness arose, and they engaged in fornication, were led astray, and corrupted all their ways.</span> Semjâzâ taught spells and the cutting of roots, Armârôs taught how to break spells, Barâqîjâl taught astrology, Kôkabîal taught about the constellations, Ezêqêal taught about the clouds, Araqiêal taught the signs of the earth, Shamsiêal taught the signs of the sun, and Sariêal taught the course of the moon. And as men died, they cried out, and their cries ascended to heaven.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <span style="font-size: .85rem"><strong>Date</strong>: 200-50 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)</span> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <a style="font-size: .9rem" target="_blank" href="http://wesley.nnu.edu/sermons-essays-books/noncanonical-literature/noncanonical-literature-ot-pseudepigrapha/book-of-enoch/"> Source <span class="fas fa-external-link-square-alt"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card mb-3"> <div class="card-header bg-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h4 title="1135" class="card-header-title mb-0 text-primary">Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4</h4> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <em><em>Rabbinic</em></em> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-body pt-1 pb-1 overflow-hidden"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 p-0"> <p class="highlightable-text mt-0 mb-0 px-3 py-2" style="line-height: 1.75rem;"> <span title="Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:2">Rabbi Simeon said: From Seth arose and were descended all the generations of the righteous. From Cain arose and were descended all the generations of the wicked, who rebel and sin, who rebelled against their Rock, and they said: We do not need the drops of Thy rain, neither to walk in Thy ways, as it is said, "Yet they said unto God, Depart from us" (Job 21:14).</span> <span title="Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:3">Rabbi Meir said: || The generations of Cain went about stark naked, men and women, just like the beasts, and they defiled themselves with all kinds of immorality, a man with his mother or his daughter, or the wife of his brother, or the wife of his neighbour, in public and in the streets, with evil inclination which is in the thought of their heart, as it is said, "And the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth" (Gen. 6:5).</span> <span title="Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4"><span class="highlight-1">Rabbi said: The angels who fell from their holy place in heaven saw the daughters of the generations of Cain walking about naked, with their eyes painted like harlots, and they went astray after them, and took wives from amongst them</span>, as it is said, "And the sons of Elohim saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all that they chose" (Gen. 6:2).</span> <span title="Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:5">Rabbi Joshua said: The angels are flaming fire, as it is said, "His servants are a flaming fire" (Ps. 104:4), and fire came with the coition of flesh and blood, but did not burn the body; but when they fell from heaven, from their holy place, their strength and stature (became) like that of the sons of men, and their frame was (made of) clods of dust, as it is said, "My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust" (Job 7:5).</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <span style="font-size: .85rem"><strong>Date</strong>: 630-1030 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)</span> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <a style="font-size: .9rem" target="_blank" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_DeRabbi_Eliezer.22"> Source <span class="fas fa-external-link-square-alt"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="card bg-light mb-3"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <strong><span class="fas fa-search"></span> Search:</strong> <a href="/book/1-enoch">1 Enoch</a>, <a href="/book/pirkei-derabbi-eliezer">Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer</a>, <a href="/search/1 Enoch 8:1">1 Enoch 8:1</a>, <a href="/search/Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4">Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="card bg-light"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <strong><span class="fas fa-search"></span> Compare:</strong> <a href="/book/1-enoch/pirkei-derabbi-eliezer">1 Enoch with Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer</a>, <a href="/group/pseudepigrapha/rabbinic">Pseudepigrapha - Rabbinic</a> <a href="/p/1134"><</a> <a href="/p/1136">></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col-xxl-5">  <div class="card mb-3"> <div class="card-header bg-light"> <div class="row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <div class="col-auto"> <h5 class="card-header-title" style="color: seagreen"><span class="fas fa-book"></span>  Notes and References</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-body pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <p><blockquote style="font-size: .9em" class="mb-0">"... In suggesting the continued transmission of the angelic descent myth in Rabbinic circles, scholars sometimes point to the latest of these translations, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. This targum renders Nephilim in Genesis 6:4 with the gloss 'Semhazai and Azael, these fell from heaven.' Alexander, for instance, cites this allusion to the angelic descent myth to argue that Targum Pseudo-Jonathan reflects the original form of the Palestinian Targum and preserves the state of the targumic tradition before the second-century polemics against the angelic interpretation of Genesis 6:1–4. This theory provides a tempting solution to the puzzling reemergence of the angelic descent myth, centuries later, in early medieval texts written in the Rabbinic tradition. Several factors, however, suggest that this explanatory gloss was added at a later point in time. Most notable is this targum's close affinities with Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer (8th–10th c.), one of our earliest extant sources to evince the reintegration of the angelic interpretation of Genesis 6:1–4 into Rabbinic exegesis ..."</blockquote></p> <p style="font-size: .9rem" class="pl-2"> <strong>Reed, Annette Yoshiko</strong> <cite><em><a href="/reference/fallen-angels-and-the-history-of-judaism-and-christianity-the-reception-of-enochic-literature">Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature</a></em></cite> <span class="no-wrap"> (pp. 213-214) Cambridge University Press, 2005 </span> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/184911601"> <span class="fas fa-link"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-light py-2 px-3 pb-0 mb-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <p style="font-size: .75em"><em>* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="card"> <div class="card-header bg-light"> <div class="row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <div class="col-auto"> <h5 class="card-header-title mb-0" style="color: brown"><span class="fas fa-user"></span>  User Comments</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-body"> <form id="comment-form" class="intertext-form"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="kB22rm54B3Mn2NbPqPbpzRd1yDfsaJpJXB90eayH" autocomplete="off"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12">  <p style="font-size: .85em">Do you have questions or comments about these texts? Please submit them here.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xxl-5"> <div class="form-group comment-form-group"> <label for="form-name" style="font-size: .9em">Your Name</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="form-name" name="form-name"> </div> </div> <div class="col-xxl-7"> <div class="form-group comment-form-group"> <label for="form-comment" style="font-size: .9em">Questions/Comments</label> <input type="hidden" name="form-text-id" value="1135"> <textarea required style="font-size: .9em" class="form-control" id="form-comment" rows="3" name="form-comment"></textarea> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mt-2">Submit</button> </div> </div> </form> <div class="form-success" style="display: none"> <p class="pb-0 mb-0"><strong>Thank you for your submission!</strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer bg-light py-2 px-3 pb-0 mb-0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <p class="p-0 mb-2" style="font-size: .75em">Anonymous comments are welcome. All comments are subject to moderation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer p-1 text-center">  </footer> </div> </main>  <script type="text/javascript" defer> if (location.hash) { var hash = location.hash.substring(1); var element = document.querySelector("a[name=" + hash + "]"); if (element) { var nextElement = element.nextElementSibling; if (nextElement) { nextElement.style.backgroundColor = "#EEE"; nextElement.style.borderRadius = "10px"; } } } var searchReferenceElement = document.querySelector('input[name="search-references"]'); if (searchReferenceElement) { searchReferenceElement.addEventListener('keyup', function() { let that = this, allListElements = document.querySelectorAll('ul.columned-two > li'); let matchingListElements = Array.from(allListElements).filter(function(li) { let listItemText = li.textContent.toUpperCase(), searchText = that.value.toUpperCase(); return ~listItemText.indexOf(searchText); }); allListElements.forEach(li => li.style.display = "none"); matchingListElements.forEach(li => li.style.display = "block"); }); } var commentForm = document.querySelector("#comment-form"); if (commentForm) { commentForm.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { var data = this; fetch('/text/comment', { method: 'POST', body: new FormData(data) }).then(res=>res.text()).then(function (data) {}); e.preventDefault(); document.querySelector('form#comment-form').style.display = "none"; document.querySelector('.form-success').style.display = "block"; }); } const copyButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.copy-button'); if (copyButtons.length > 0) { copyButtons.forEach((copyButton) => { copyButton.addEventListener('click', async function(event) { event.preventDefault(); const textToCopy = copyButton.getAttribute('data-text'); try { await navigator.clipboard.writeText(textToCopy); copyButton.style.color = 'red'; } catch (err) { console.error('Failed to copy text: ', err); } }); }); } </script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.3/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://intertextual.bible/js/fontawesome.min.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

intertextual.bible | Biblical Intertextuality | 1 Enoch 8:1 | Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 22:4