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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian writer and humanist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Laurentius Abstemius</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1440<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Macerata, Ancona</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">1508</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Lorenzo Bevilaqua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Writer, professor of philology</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Laurentius Abstemius</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1440–1508; modern <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Lorenzo Astemio</i>), born <b>Lorenzo Bevilaqua</b>, was an Italian writer and professor of philology, born at <a href="/wiki/Macerata_Feltria" title="Macerata Feltria">Macerata Feltria</a>; his learned name <i><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></i>, literally "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstemious" class="extiw" title="wikt:abstemious">abstemious</a>", plays on his family name of <i>Bevilaqua</i> ("drinkwater"). A <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> writer of considerable talents at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Humanism">Humanist</a> revival of letters, his first published works appeared in the 1470s and were distinguished by minute scholarship. During that decade he moved to <a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a> and became ducal librarian, although he was to move between there and other parts of Italy thereafter as a teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The work for which he is principally remembered now is <i>Hecatomythium</i> (1495), a collection of a hundred fables written in Latin and largely of his own invention. However, the inclusion together with this work of the thirty-three Aesopic fables translated from the Greek by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a> gave the impression that his own work was of the same kind. Several of the fables of Abstemius, it is true, relate to <a href="/wiki/Aesop%27s_Fables" title="Aesop's Fables">Aesop's</a> in various ways, either as variations on his, as in the case of <i>De culice cibum et hospitium ab appetente</i> (94), which is told of a gnat and a bee but relates to <a href="/wiki/The_Ant_and_the_Grasshopper" title="The Ant and the Grasshopper">The Ant and the Grasshopper</a>; or in the case of <i>De leone et mure</i> (52) it provides a sequel to <a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_the_Mouse" title="The Lion and the Mouse">The Lion and the Mouse</a>, in which the mouse asks for the lion's daughter as a reward for freeing him from the net and is stepped on accidentally by the bride. </p><p>Still other fables, in the Aesopic manner, provide a frame for proverbs: for example '<a href="/wiki/Still_waters_run_deep" title="Still waters run deep">Still waters run deep</a>' (<i>De rustico amnem transituro</i>, 5) and '<a href="/wiki/The_Oxen_and_the_Creaking_Cart" title="The Oxen and the Creaking Cart">The worse the wheel, the more it creaks</a>' (<i>De auriga et rota currus stridente</i>, 84). But some quarter of Abstemius' stories belong to the genre of comic anecdotes associated with <a href="/wiki/Poggio_Bracciolini" title="Poggio Bracciolini">Poggio Bracciolini</a> and known as <i>Facetiae</i>. One at least, <i>De vidua virum petente</i> (the widow seeking a husband, 31), borrows directly from the collection of Poggio.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few of these sorts of fable particularly were condemned as ludicrous and licentiously critical of the clergy<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the work was added to the <a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Vatican index of forbidden books</a>. Abstemius later wrote a further 97 fables in a less extreme vein, <i>Hecatomythium Secundum</i>, published in Fano in 1505.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fables of Abstemius were frequently reprinted in their own right, as well as added to other collections of Aesopic material, during the 16th century. In particular they can be found annexed to an edition of Aesop's Fables, published in eight volumes at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> in 1580, and were later translated very idiomatically by <a href="/wiki/Roger_L%27Estrange" title="Roger L'Estrange">Roger L'Estrange</a> in his <i>Fables of Aesop and Other Eminent Mythologists</i> (1692).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Translated into French as <i>Hécatomythium ou les fables de Laurent Abstemius traduit du latin</i> (Orléans, 1572), they were the source for several in the later books of <a href="/wiki/La_Fontaine%27s_Fables" title="La Fontaine's Fables">La Fontaine's Fables</a>, including "<a href="/wiki/The_Vultures_and_the_Pigeons" title="The Vultures and the Pigeons">The Vultures and the Pigeons</a>” (VII.8), “Death and the Dying Man” (VIII.1) and “<a href="/wiki/The_Women_and_the_Secret" title="The Women and the Secret">The Women and the Secret</a>” (VIII.6). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurentius_Abstemius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Lorenzo Astemio”, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/lorenzo-astemio_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29"><i>Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</i> - Volume 4 (1962)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tiphaine Rolland, «Le destin facétieux des fables, d’Abstemius à La Fontaine », in <i>Itérances de la Fable</i>, <i>Le Fablier</i> 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/18871740/2015_-_Le_destin_fac%C3%A9tieux_des_fables_dAbstemius_%C3%A0_La_Fontaine_Le_Fablier._Revue_des_Amis_de_Jean_de_La_Fontaine_ISSN_0996-6560_n_26_2015_p._53-85">pp.57-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A citation of Desbillons' <i>Fabulae Aesopiae</i> is quoted <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aesopus.pbworks.com/w/page/1471359/abstemius">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://obvil.sorbonne-universite.site/corpus/fabula-numerica/abstemius_hecatomythium">Sorbonne University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mythfolklore.net/aesopica/lestrange/index.htm">Fables 255–351</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurentius_Abstemius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aesopus.pbworks.com/w/page/1471359/abstemius">The Latin text of the <i>Hecatomythium</i></a> with a literal translation and an idiomatic one by <a href="/wiki/Roger_L%27Estrange" title="Roger L'Estrange">Roger L'Estrange</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000112488320">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/163934964">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1444793/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcrgkkt7MtT7h87RkKDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124436889">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80072490">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13164017p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13164017p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Astemio, Lorenzo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV031270">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2005290173&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1773574">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p113241895">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000114443&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvz57j20tp0ftq">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810631306805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/24314">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007273626205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14781383">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1147198">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" 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