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Godwin Udomboso</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Christopher Godwin Udomboso"> <meta name="keywords" content="Christopher Godwin Udomboso"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Christopher Godwin Udomboso"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 229</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Christopher Godwin Udomboso</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> An Adjusted Network Information Criterion for Model Selection in Statistical Neural Network Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso">Christopher Godwin Udomboso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Unna%20Chukwu"> Angela Unna Chukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kwame%20Dontwi"> Isaac Kwame Dontwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In selecting a Statistical Neural Network model, the Network Information Criterion (NIC) has been observed to be sample biased, because it does not account for sample sizes. The selection of a model from a set of fitted candidate models requires objective data-driven criteria. In this paper, we derived and investigated the Adjusted Network Information Criterion (ANIC), based on Kullback’s symmetric divergence, which has been designed to be an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the expected Kullback-Leibler information of a fitted model. The analyses show that on a general note, the ANIC improves model selection in more sample sizes than does the NIC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20neural%20network" title="statistical neural network">statistical neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20information%20criterion" title=" network information criterion"> network information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjusted%20network" title=" adjusted network"> adjusted network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20criterion" title=" information criterion"> information criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20function" title=" transfer function"> transfer function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771/an-adjusted-network-information-criterion-for-model-selection-in-statistical-neural-network-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Spatial Practice Towards Urban Identity: The Shift, Limitation and Contemporary Value of Christopher</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Botao%20Zhao">Botao Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Jiang"> Hong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Christopher Alexander's urban design theory challenges the technical rationality of the empiricism that prevailsin the first half of the 20th century. Alexander emphasizes the wholeness of the city through progressive design, conceptual-based participation, shaping of centrality, and other principles. Based on Christopher Alexander’s comprehensive book “a new theory of urban design” and by combining with other major works, this paper puts Alexander into the history of the post-modern shift of architecture and urban planning in the middle and late 20th century and analyzes the uniqueness of Alexander’s systematization of spatial context. Despite the overemphasis on the initiative of design, Alexander's attempt to discover the “objectivity” of good space -the ability to generate people's urban identity-through an expanded concept of space, and a systematic approach to design restructures the visceral connection between urban space and human. The concept of urban identity is then decomposed into the identity of the physical setting, identity of process, and identity of meaning. Professionals need to learn from the reality and history of urban space to construct spatial“vocabulary libraries” and create the wholeness of the city, and in which process strengthen the subjectivity of the discipline simultaneously, to generate living structures in which urban identity could be ultimately cultivated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=christopher%20alexander" title="christopher alexander">christopher alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20new%20theory%20of%20urban%20design" title=" a new theory of urban design"> a new theory of urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20identity" title=" Urban identity"> Urban identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20language" title=" pattern language"> pattern language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152655/spatial-practice-towards-urban-identity-the-shift-limitation-and-contemporary-value-of-christopher" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> The State, Class and the Challenges of National Development in Nigeria since 1914</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriba%20Christopher%20Inyila">Eriba Christopher Inyila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Egena%20Oga"> Godwin Egena Oga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statecraft appears to be one of the greatest cultural achievements in the history of man’s civilization. The state itself is often portrayed as the supreme community of the citizen’s collective goodness and will. However, history experience reveals that the state has often been held in captivity permanently in the hand of the political class to almost a total exclusion of the labouring class of workers, artisans and peasants. Consequently, the hallmark of the Nigerian state and society in contemporary era is state of permanent crisis characterized by poverty, unemployment and profound insecurity. A lasting solution to this state of anomie is often touted in terms of ethnic, religious and regional integration which border on non-material perception of realities. A neglected aspect of the approach to the study of recurrent problems in contemporary is the materialist conception of realties through class perspectives of the society. The cutting edge of the approach is found in the attempt to reconcile the contradiction between the productive forces and the social relation of production. In other words, the contemporary state is skewed in favour of ownership of properties/commanding height of economy predominantly in the hands of the few monopoly companies to the total exclusion of majority of Nigerian population classified as peasant, workers and artisan. The lopsided situation creates economic and social disequilibria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20development" title="national development">national development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class" title=" class"> class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20state" title=" the state"> the state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9963/the-state-class-and-the-challenges-of-national-development-in-nigeria-since-1914" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Social Perspectives on Population of People Living Postively; An Indian Scenario, Evidence from Tiruchirappalli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwonkunda%20Jeanne">Uwonkunda Jeanne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Godwin%20Prem%20Singh"> J. Godwin Prem Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjaneyalu%20Subbiah"> Anjaneyalu Subbiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HIV/AIDS is known to affect an individual not only physically but also mentally, socially, and financially. It is a syndrome that builds a vacuum in a person affecting his/her life as a whole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=People%20living%20with%20HIV" title="People living with HIV">People living with HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20dysfunction" title=" social dysfunction"> social dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20Social%20support." title=" and Social support."> and Social support.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874/social-perspectives-on-population-of-people-living-postively-an-indian-scenario-evidence-from-tiruchirappalli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Splenic Artery Aneurysms: A Rare, Insidious Cause of Abdominal Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Oyediran">Christopher Oyediran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Ubayasiri"> Nicola Ubayasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Gough"> Christopher Gough</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Splenic artery aneurysms are often clinically occult, occasionally identified incidentally with imaging. The pathogenesis of aneurysms is complex, but certain factors are thought to contribute to their development. Given the potential fatal complications of rupture, a high index of suspicion is required to make an early diagnosis. We present a case of a 36-year-old female with a history of endometriosis and multiple sclerosis who presented to the Emergency Department with sudden onset epigastric pain and collapse. On arrival, she was pale and clammy with profound tachycardia and hypotension. An ultrasound done in the resuscitation department revealed abdominal free fluid. She was resuscitated with blood and transferred for emergent laparotomy. Laparotomy revealed massive haemoperitoneum from the spleen. She underwent emergency splenectomy and inspection of the spleen revealed a splenic artery aneurysm. She received our massive transfusion protocol followed by a short stay on ITU, making a good post-operative recovery and was discharged home a week later. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aneurysm" title="aneurysm">aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20chorionic%20gonadotrophin%20%28hCG%29" title=" human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)"> human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resuscitation" title=" resuscitation"> resuscitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laparotomy" title=" laparotomy"> laparotomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18273/splenic-artery-aneurysms-a-rare-insidious-cause-of-abdominal-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth in an Emerging Economy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Chimee%20Nwaoha"> William Chimee Nwaoha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper set out to stress on how financial inclusion index could be calculated and also investigated the impact of inclusive finance on inclusive growth in an emerging economy. In the light of these objectives, chi-wins method was used to calculate indexes of financial inclusion while co-integration and error correction model were used for evaluation of the impact of financial inclusion on inclusive growth. The result of the analysis revealed that financial inclusion while having a long-run relationship with GDP growth is an insignificant function of the growth of the economy. The speed of adjustment is correctly signed and significant. On the basis of these results, the researchers called for tireless efforts of government and banking sector in promoting financial inclusion in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chi-wins%20index" title="chi-wins index">chi-wins index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-integration" title=" co-integration"> co-integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20correction%20model" title=" error correction model"> error correction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title=" financial inclusion"> financial inclusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5995/financial-inclusion-for-inclusive-growth-in-an-emerging-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Giant Filiform Polyposis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Mimicking Colorectal Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison">Godwin Dennison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Cooper"> Edwin Cooper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Theobald"> George Theobald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Dalton"> Richard Dalton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report an unusual case of giant filiform polyposis in a patient with ulcerative colitis, causing a large stricture in the colon. A 62-year-old man was referred to the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme with a positive Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). He was known to have UC for 30 years. A CT scan showed a 9 cm stricture in the transverse colon suspicious of malignancy. A colonoscopy was attempted three times, and biopsies confirmed features of ulcerative colitis. A laparoscopic assisted transverse colectomy (Left hemicolectomy) was performed, and the histology revealed giant filiform polyposis. This should be considered in a UC patient presenting with signs of obstruction mimicking a carcinoma. Whilst it is a benign condition, because of the size of the lesion, it often causes obstruction, and surgery is indicated to relieve symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20inflammatory%20polyposis" title="giant inflammatory polyposis">giant inflammatory polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filiform%20polyposis" title=" filiform polyposis"> filiform polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067/giant-filiform-polyposis-in-a-patient-with-ulcerative-colitis-mimicking-colorectal-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Epidemiological Model for Citrus Black Spot Dynamics along the Pre-Harvest Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nqobile%20Muleya">Nqobile Muleya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20Garira"> Winston Garira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Mchau"> Godwin Mchau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus Black Spot (CBS) is a fungal disease that is responsible for huge economical loss and poses a threat to the citrus industry worldwide. We construct a mathematical model framework for citrus black spot between fruits to characterise the dynamics of the disease development, paying attention to the pathogen life cycle. We have made an observation from the model analysis that the initial inoculum from ascomata is very important for disease development and thereafter it is no longer important due to conidia which is responsible for secondary infection. Most importantly, the model indicated that ascospores and conidia are very important parameters in developing citrus black spot within a short distance. The basic reproductive number and its importance in relation to citrus black spot persistence are outlined. A numerical simulation of the model was done to explain the theoretical findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20modelling" title="epidemiological modelling">epidemiological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guidnardia%20citricarpa" title=" Guidnardia citricarpa"> Guidnardia citricarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20stage" title=" life cycle stage"> life cycle stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20development" title=" disease development"> disease development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095/epidemiological-model-for-citrus-black-spot-dynamics-along-the-pre-harvest-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> A Simulation Model to Analyze the Impact of Virtual Responsiveness in an E-Commerce Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Godwin">T. Godwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of a supply chain always entails the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency. The launch of e-commerce has not only changed the way of shopping but also altered the supply chain design while trading off efficiency with responsiveness. A concept called ‘virtual responsiveness’ is introduced in the context of e-commerce supply chain. A simulation model is developed to compare actual responsiveness and virtual responsiveness to the customer in an e-commerce supply chain. The simulation is restricted to the movement of goods from the e-tailer to the customer. Customer demand follows a statistical distribution and is generated using inverse transformation technique. The two responsiveness schemes of the supply chain are compared in terms of the minimum number of inventory required at the e-tailer to fulfill the orders. Computational results show the savings achieved through virtual responsiveness. The insights gained from this study could be used to redesign e-commerce supply chain by incorporating virtual responsiveness. A part of the achieved cost savings could be passed back to the customer, thereby making the supply chain both effective and competitive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20modeling" title=" simulation modeling"> simulation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20responsiveness" title=" virtual responsiveness"> virtual responsiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58603/a-simulation-model-to-analyze-the-impact-of-virtual-responsiveness-in-an-e-commerce-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Petri Net Modeling and Simulation of a Call-Taxi System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Godwin">T. Godwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A call-taxi system is a type of taxi service where a taxi could be requested through a phone call or mobile app. A schematic functioning of a call-taxi system is modeled using Petri net, which provides the necessary conditions for a taxi to be assigned by a dispatcher to pick a customer as well as the conditions for the taxi to be released by the customer. A Petri net is a graphical modeling tool used to understand sequences, concurrences, and confluences of activities in the working of discrete event systems. It uses tokens on a directed bipartite multi-graph to simulate the activities of a system. The Petri net model is translated into a simulation model and a call-taxi system is simulated. The simulation model helps in evaluating the operation of a call-taxi system based on the fleet size as well as the operating policies for call-taxi assignment and empty call-taxi repositioning. The developed Petri net based simulation model can be used to decide the fleet size as well as the call-taxi assignment policies for a call-taxi system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call-taxi" title="call-taxi">call-taxi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20system" title=" discrete event system"> discrete event system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petri%20net" title=" petri net"> petri net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20modeling" title=" simulation modeling"> simulation modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58605/petri-net-modeling-and-simulation-of-a-call-taxi-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Evaluation of Phthalates Contents and Their Health Effects in Consumed Sachet Water Brands in Delta State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edjere%20Oghenekohwiroro">Edjere Oghenekohwiroro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asibor%20Irabor%20Godwin"> Asibor Irabor Godwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwem%20Bassey"> Uwem Bassey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper determines the presence and levels of phthalates in sachet and borehole water source in some parts of Delta State, Nigeria. Sachet and borehole water samples were collected from seven different water packaging facilities and level of phthalates determined using GC-MS instrumentation. Phthalates concentration in borehole samples varied from 0.00-0.01 (DMP), 0.06-0.20 (DEP), 0.10-0.98 (DBP), 0.21-0.36 (BEHP), 0.01-0.03 (DnOP) µg/L and (BBP) was not detectable; while sachet water varied from 0.03-0.95 (DMP), 0.16-12.45 (DEP), 0.57-3.38 (DBP), 0.00-0.03 (BBP), 0.08-0.31 (BEHP) and 0-0.03 (DnOP) µg/L. Phthalates concentration in the sachet water was higher than that of the corresponding boreholes sources and also showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two. Sources of these phthalate esters were the interaction between water molecules and plastic storage facilities. Although concentration of all phthalate esters analyzed were lower than the threshold limit value(TLV), over time storage of water samples in this medium can lead to substantial increase with negative effects on individuals consuming them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phthalate%20esters" title="phthalate esters">phthalate esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borehole" title=" borehole"> borehole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sachet%20water" title=" sachet water"> sachet water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20extraction" title=" sample extraction"> sample extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title=" gas chromatography"> gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44400/evaluation-of-phthalates-contents-and-their-health-effects-in-consumed-sachet-water-brands-in-delta-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Female Dis-Empowerment in Contemporary Zimbabwe: A Re-Look at Shona Writers’ Vision of the Factors and Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Makaudze">Godwin Makaudze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of women in contemporary Zimbabwe continue to hold marginalised and insignificant positions in society and to be accorded negative and stereotyped images in literature. In light of this, government and civic organisations and even writers channel many resources, time, and efforts towards the emancipation of the female gender. Using the Africana womanist and socio-historical literary theories and focussing on two post-colonial novels, this paper re-engages the dis-empowerment of women in contemporary Zimbabwe, examining the believed causes and suggested solutions. The paper observes that the writers whip the already whipped by blaming patriarchy, African men and cultural practices as the underlying causes of such a sorry state of affairs while at the same time celebrating war against all these, as well as education, unity among women, Christianity and single motherhood as panaceas to the problem. The paper concludes that the writers’ anger is misdirected as they have fallen trap to the very popular yet mythical victim-blame motif espoused by many writers who focus on Shona people’s problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20practices" title="cultural practices">cultural practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20dis-empowerment" title=" female dis-empowerment"> female dis-empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shona%20novel" title=" Shona novel"> Shona novel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solutions" title=" solutions"> solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zimbabwe" title=" Zimbabwe"> Zimbabwe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40488/female-dis-empowerment-in-contemporary-zimbabwe-a-re-look-at-shona-writers-vision-of-the-factors-and-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> “Self” and “The Other” in Dunkirk (2017)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtesam%20Dessouki">Ebtesam Dessouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasaman%20Mousavi"> Yasaman Mousavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Christopher Nolan’s Dunkirk (2017) is not a conventional war film. He invites the audience to see the war from within, from the characters’ experiences, through suspense and fear, with the help of talented sound designers and musicians such as Hans Zimmer for an extra dimension creating those feelings. This experience of being among the surviving soldiers makes room for an interpretation of this film using the concept of the Self and the Other. The Self is the soldiers and the audience who try to make sense of their reality given limited information about the enemy and their situation, and the Other is the faceless enemy. However, this film can be taken under an even more detailed analysis theorizing that the Other also exists on different occasions in the film. Overall, Nolan leaves a lot of cues for the audience to track the Other and sometimes breaks the rules for the Other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title="film">film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunkirk" title=" Dunkirk"> Dunkirk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=other" title=" other"> other</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166703/self-and-the-other-in-dunkirk-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Light-Entropy Continuum Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Restall">Christopher Restall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ﬁeld causing attraction between mixed charges of matter during charge exchanges with antimatter. This asymmetry is caused from none-trinary quark amount variation in matter and anti-matter during entropy progression. This document explains how a circularity critique exercise assessed scientiﬁc knowledge and develop a uniﬁed theory from the information collected. The circularity critique, creates greater intuition leaps than an individual would naturally, the information collected can be integrated and assessed thoroughly for correctness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20theory%20of%20everything" title="unified theory of everything">unified theory of everything</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gravity" title=" quantum gravity"> quantum gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20model" title=" standard model"> standard model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188187/light-entropy-continuum-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Depression and Suicide Risk among HIV/AIDS Positive Individuals Attending an Out Patient HIV/AIDS Clinic in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyebueke%20Godwin">Onyebueke Godwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okwarafor%20Friday"> Okwarafor Friday</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Persons with HIV/AIDS disease are predisposed to mental health disorders such as depression and suicide. HIV/AIDS, being a chronic medical illness with antecedent stigmatization ostracization, leads to low mood, low self-esteem, and a tendency to kill oneself due to the burden of the disease in terms of cost and disability. The aim of one study was to examine the prevalence of depression and risk of suicide among HIV/AIDS patients compared to negative persons. Instruments: The Major Depressive Episode and Suicidality modules of the MINI-Neuropsychiatric inventory were used to screen the attendees. Report: The prevalence of depression and risk of suicide were 27.8% and 7.8%, respectively, for the HIV positive subjects, but 1208% and 2.2%, respectively, for negative subjects. Conclusion and Significance: Persons with HIV/AIDS usually present with mental health symptoms, but the attending physicians usually pay attention to physical symptoms. The symptoms of the disease or the side effects of the medication may mask the mental health disease. Recommendation: There is need to screen HIV/AIDS patents for mental health disorders during clinic visits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS" title=" HIV/AIDS"> HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicidality" title=" suicidality"> suicidality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172297/depression-and-suicide-risk-among-hivaids-positive-individuals-attending-an-out-patient-hivaids-clinic-in-a-nigerian-tertiary-health-institution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Principles to Design Urbanism in Cinema; An Aesthetic Study on Identity and Representation of a City in a Movie</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Moayedi">Dorsa Moayedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘The Cities’ and Cinema have a history going as far back as silent films; however, the standards of picturing a city in a film are somewhat vague. ‘Genius Loci’ of a city can be easily described with parameters that architects have detected; nevertheless, the genius loci of an ‘urban movie’ is untouched. Cities have been among the provocative matters that pushed filmmakers to ponder upon them and to picture them along with their urban identity thoroughly in their artworks, though the impacts of the urban life on the plot and characters is neglected, and so a city in a movie is usually restricted to ‘the place where the story happens’. Cities and urban life are among those that are in constant change and ongoing expansion; therefore, they are always fresh and ready to challenge people with their existence. Thus, the relationship between the city and cinema is metamorphic, though it could be defined and explored. The dominant research on the idea of urbanism has been conducted by outstanding scholars of architecture, like Christian Norberg-Schulz, and the studies on Cinema have been done by theorists of cinema, like Christian Metz, who have mastered defining their own realm; still, the idea to mingle the domains to reach a unified theory which could be applied to ‘urban movies’ is barely worked on. In this research, we have sought mutual grounds to discuss ‘urbanism in cinema,’ the grounds that cinema could benefit from and get to a more accurate audio-visual representation of a city, in accordance with the ideas of Christopher Alexander and the term he coined ‘The Timeless Way of Building.’ We concentrate on movies that are dependent on urban life, mainly those that possess the names of cities, like ‘Nashville (1975), Manhattan (1979), Fargo (1996), Midnight in Paris (2011) or Roma (2018), according to the ideas of urban design and narratives of cinema. Contrary to what has often been assumed, cinema and architecture could be defined in line with similar parameters, and architectural terms could be applied to the research done on movies. Our findings indicate that the theories of Christopher Alexander can best fit the paradigm to study an ‘Urban Movie’, definitions of a timeless building, elaborate on the characteristics of a design that could be applied to definitions of an urban movie, and set a prototype for further filmmaking regarding the urban life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city" title="city">city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanism" title=" urbanism"> urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20movies" title=" urban movies"> urban movies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182855/principles-to-design-urbanism-in-cinema-an-aesthetic-study-on-identity-and-representation-of-a-city-in-a-movie" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Variability of Metal Composition and Concentrations in Road Dust in the Urban Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandya%20Mummullage">Sandya Mummullage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanna%20Egodawatta"> Prasanna Egodawatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashantha%20Goonetilleke"> Ashantha Goonetilleke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20A.%20Ayoko"> Godwin A. Ayoko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban road dust comprises of a range of potentially toxic metal elements and plays a critical role in degrading urban receiving water quality. Hence, assessing the metal composition and concentration in urban road dust is a high priority. This study investigated the variability of metal composition and concentrations in road dust in four different urban land uses in Gold Coast, Australia. Samples from 16 road sites were collected and tested for selected 12 metal species. The data set was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Outcomes of the data analysis revealed that the metal concentrations inroad dust differs considerably within and between different land uses. Iron, aluminum, magnesium and zinc are the most abundant in urban land uses. It was also noted that metal species such as titanium, nickel, copper, and zinc have the highest concentrations in industrial land use. The study outcomes revealed that soil and traffic related sources as key sources of metals deposited on road surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals%20build-up" title="metals build-up">metals build-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant%20accumulation" title=" pollutant accumulation"> pollutant accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stormwater%20quality" title=" stormwater quality"> stormwater quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20road%20dust" title=" urban road dust"> urban road dust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2248/variability-of-metal-composition-and-concentrations-in-road-dust-in-the-urban-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Call Me By My Name: Portrayal of Albinism in Kiswahili Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Godwin%20Mahenge">Elizabeth Godwin Mahenge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study seeks to investigate the portrayal of albinism in Swahili literature. People with albinism have faced many life-threatening challenges, from being hunted for their body parts of being assigned derogatory names that depict them as ghosts as or less than humans. Many studies have been conducted on the perception of people towards Persons with Albinism [PWA] worldwide. Findings showed there is negative perception or negative portrayal of PWA in different societies worldwide. These negative connotations raised hot debates around the world among different societies and associations of/for PWA. People with disability in different parts of the world started arguing the labeling and name calling same applied to persons with disability in Tanzania (albinism included). They went the same debate about name calling hence in 2010, the Tanzanian Parliament passed the bill on Persons with Disability Act which banned derogative names attached to disability in general and to albinism in particular. In Tanzanian societies, there have been a mixed feelings with regards to albinism. Some do have negative perceptions because of the killings with connection to superstitious believes, while in other societies are perceived positively as blessed children a family. From these two contradictory perceptions that exist in this society, the study seeks to find out how Swahili literature portrays albinism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albinism" title="albinism">albinism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portrayal" title=" portrayal"> portrayal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiswahili%20literature" title=" Kiswahili literature"> Kiswahili literature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171520/call-me-by-my-name-portrayal-of-albinism-in-kiswahili-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Investigation of Lead and Zinc Oxide Deposits Using Geological and Geophysical Techniques at Oshiri Province in Onicha Local Government Area of Ebonyi State Located Within Southeastern Part of Nigeria, West Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaechi%20O.%20Azi">Amaechi O. Azi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uche%20D.%20Aluge"> Uche D. Aluge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20H.%20San"> Lim H. San</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20A.%20Agbo"> Godwin A. Agbo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is centered on the investigation of mineral deposits in selected locations in Oshiri province in Ebonyi State. Mineral deposits contribute immensely to the economic growth of a society. In researching lead and zinc oxide-bearing sites at Oshiri, geological and geophysical research technique was employed. Petrozenith, Earth Resistivity Meter, and Schlumberger setup were selected to examine the electrical characteristics of the subsurface. To determine the apparent resistivity of the subsurface, five soundings were taken, and the field data were processed using WinResist software. The mudstone, lead-shale, shale-granite, and lateritic topsoil were the four geoelectric strata that were found. The third layer, which corresponds to the shale-lead lithology, has a resistivity value between 211.9 m to 807.7 m at a depth of 25 m. Due to its resistivity levels and geological trend, this layer makes an excellent signature for lead-zinc occurrence. This zone is expected to house deposits of lead and zinc oxide in commercial quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schlumberger" title="Schlumberger">Schlumberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current" title=" current"> current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title=" lithology"> lithology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170191/investigation-of-lead-and-zinc-oxide-deposits-using-geological-and-geophysical-techniques-at-oshiri-province-in-onicha-local-government-area-of-ebonyi-state-located-within-southeastern-part-of-nigeria-west-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Examination of the Influence of the Near-Surface Geology on the Initial Infrastructural Development Using High-Resolution Seismic Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collins%20Chiemeke">Collins Chiemeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Ibe"> Stephen Ibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Onyedim"> Godwin Onyedim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work on high-resolution seismic tomography method was carried out with the aim of investigating how near-surface geology influences the initial distribution of infrastructural development in an area like Otuoke and its environs. To achieve this objective, seismic tomography method was employed. The result revealed that the overburden (highly-weathered layer) thickness ranges from 27 m to 50 m within the survey area, with an average value of 37 m. The 3D surface analysis for the overburden thickness distribution within the survey area showed that the thickness of the overburden is more in regions with less infrastructural development, and least in built-up areas. The range of velocity distribution from the surface to within a depth of 5 m is about 660 m/s to 1160 m/s, with an average value of 946 m/s. The 3D surface analysis of the velocity distribution also revealed that the areas with large infrastructural development are characterized with large velocity values compared with the undeveloped regions that has average low-velocity values. Hence, one can conclusively say that the initial settlement of Otuoke and its environs and the subsequent infrastructural development was influenced by the underlying near surface geology (rigid earth), among other factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geology" title="geology">geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructural" title=" infrastructural"> infrastructural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-surface" title=" near-surface"> near-surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51401/examination-of-the-influence-of-the-near-surface-geology-on-the-initial-infrastructural-development-using-high-resolution-seismic-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> The Ecological Role of Loligo forbesii in the Moray Firth Ecosystem, Northeast Scotland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20A.%20Otogo">Godwin A. Otogo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sansanee%20Wangvoralak"> Sansanee Wangvoralak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20J.%20Pierce"> Graham J. Pierce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20C.%20Hastie"> Lee C. Hastie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beth%20Scott"> Beth Scott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The squid <em>Loligo forbesii</em> is suspected to be an important species in marine food webs, as it can strongly impact its prey and be impacted upon by predation, competition, fishing and/or climate variability. To quantify these impacts in the food web, the measurement of its trophic position and ecological role within well-studied ecosystems is essential. An Ecopath model was balanced and run for the Moray Firth ecosystem and was used to investigate the significance of this squid’s trophic roles. The network analysis routine included in Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) was used to estimate trophic interaction, system indicators (health condition and developmental stage) and food web features. Results indicated that within the Moray Firth squid occupy a top trophic position in the food web and also a major prey item for many other species. Results from Omnivory Index (OI) showed that squid is a generalized feeder transferring energy across wide trophic levels and is more important as a predator than that as a prey in the Moray Firth ecosystem. The results highlight the importance of taking squid into account in the management of Europe’s living marine resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loligo%20forbesii" title=" Loligo forbesii"> Loligo forbesii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecopath" title=" Ecopath"> Ecopath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moray%20Firth" title=" Moray Firth"> Moray Firth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trophic%20level" title=" Trophic level "> Trophic level </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23472/the-ecological-role-of-loligo-forbesii-in-the-moray-firth-ecosystem-northeast-scotland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Greywater Water Reuse in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyeka%20Nkwonta">Onyeka Nkwonta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Iheukwumere"> Christopher Iheukwumere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is a waste to irrigate with great quantities of drinking water when plants thrive on used water containing small bits of compost. Unlike a lot of ecological stopgap measures, greywater reuse is a part of the fundamental solution to many ecological problems and will probably remain essentially unchanged in the distant future. Water is abused and wasted by both the wealthy and the poor. Education about water conservation is also needed. This study gives an outline of the sources of grey water in our home and provides a process of creating awareness on the importance of re-using grey water in our home, in order to achieve the 7th aim of the millennium development goals by 2015, which is ensuring environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tickling%20filter" title="tickling filter">tickling filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20water" title=" grey water"> grey water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62636/greywater-water-reuse-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Beyond Possibilities: Re-Reading Republican Ankara</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelal%20%C3%87%C4%B1nar">Zelal Çınar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to expose the effects of the ideological program of Turkish Republic on city planning, through the first plan of Ankara. As the new capital, Ankara was planned to be the ‘showcase’ of modern Turkey. It was to represent all new ideologies and the country’s cultural similarities with the west. At the same time it was to underline the national identity and independence of Turkish republic. To this end, a new plan for the capital was designed by German city planner Carl Christopher Lörcher. Diametrically opposed with the existing fabric of the city, this plan was built on the basis of papers and plans, on ideological aims. On the contrary, this paper argues that the city is a machine of possibilities, rather than a clear, materialized system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernization" title=" modernization"> modernization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7519/beyond-possibilities-re-reading-republican-ankara" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> The Feasibility of Online, Interactive Workshops to Facilitate Anatomy Education during the UK COVID-19 Lockdowns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhvir%20Singh%20Marway">Prabhvir Singh Marway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Lok%20Chan"> Kai Lok Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria-Ruxandra%20Jinga"> Maria-Ruxandra Jinga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Bok%20Ying%20Lee"> Rachel Bok Ying Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Bok%20Kit%20Lee"> Matthew Bok Kit Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishan%20Nandapalan"> Krishan Nandapalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sze%20Yi%20Beh"> Sze Yi Beh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20Carr"> Harry Carr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Kui"> Christopher Kui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We piloted a structured series of online workshops on the 3D segmentation of anatomical structures from CT scans. 33 participants were recruited from four UK universities for two-day workshops between 2020 and 2021. Open-source software (3D-Slicer) was used. We hypothesized that active participation via real-time screen-sharing and voice-communication via Discord would enable improved engagement and learning, despite national lockdowns. Written feedback indicated positive learning experiences, with subjective measures of anatomical understanding and software confidence improving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20education" title="medical education">medical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workshop" title=" workshop"> workshop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title=" anatomy"> anatomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142850/the-feasibility-of-online-interactive-workshops-to-facilitate-anatomy-education-during-the-uk-covid-19-lockdowns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Preparation and Characterizations of Hydroxyapatite-Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20Godwin%20Okibe">Friday Godwin Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Chinweuba%20Onoyima"> Christian Chinweuba Onoyima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edith%20Bolanle%20Agbaji"> Edith Bolanle Agbaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Olatunji%20Ajibola"> Victor Olatunji Ajibola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer-inorganic nanocomposites are presently impacting diverse areas, specifically in biomedical sciences. In this research, hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate has been prepared, and characterized, with emphasis on the influence of sodium alginate on its characteristics. In situ wet chemical precipitation method was used in the preparation. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with image analysis, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FTIR study shows peaks characteristics of hydroxyapatite and confirmed formation of the nanocomposite via chemical interaction between sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite. Image analysis shows the nanocomposites to be of irregular morphologies which did not show significant change with increasing sodium alginate addition, while particle size decreased with increase in sodium alginate addition (359.46 nm to 109.98 nm). From the XRD data, both the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity also decreased with increasing sodium alginate composition (32.36 nm to 9.47 nm and 72.87% to 1.82% respectively), while the specific surface area and microstrain increased with increasing sodium alginate composition (0.0041 to 0.0139 and 58.99 m²/g to 201.58 m²/g respectively). The results show that the formulation with 50%wt of sodium alginate (HASA-50%wt), possess exceptional characteristics for biomedical applications such as drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title="nanocomposite">nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate" title=" sodium alginate"> sodium alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical" title=" biomedical"> biomedical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66789/preparation-and-characterizations-of-hydroxyapatite-sodium-alginate-nanocomposites-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Political Economy of Ungoverned Spaces and Rural Armed Banditry in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collins%20Ogbu">Collins Ogbu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Johnny%20Akpan"> Godwin Johnny Akpan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20NDA%20Jacob"> James NDA Jacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The debilitating outcomes of violent conflict, consummated by rural armed banditry have nonetheless, occasioned the need for the mapping of crime zones in Nigeria. As a step towards understanding the scourge of armed bandits, ungoverned spaces have been uncovered as the most dominant excuse for rural crimes and fierce confrontations. From the creeks of the Niger Delta to the forest of Sambisa, Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) have proliferated to the vagaries of national insecurity. While the trends present indications of State fragility, the paucity of governance in these so-called ungoverned spaces has persistently reflected a Hobbesian state of nature, where the fittest survives. This study, therefore, interrogates the demographic implications of these ungoverned spaces by specifically identifying the most immediate features of the characters in the areas under investigation. The Farmers-Herders Crises, Niger-Delta Militancy, Boko-Haram Insurgency, Armed Robbery, Kidnapping and Cattle Rustling all define the major focus. In undertaking this study, anecdotal sources will be relied on, while extant information on the concept of ungoverned spaces will be content-analyzed. It is hoped that the knowledge gathered, as a result, will ultimately aid in proffering a dependable panacea to the crises of rural armed banditry in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungoverned%20spaces" title="ungoverned spaces">ungoverned spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20armed%20banditry" title=" rural armed banditry"> rural armed banditry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20fragility" title=" state fragility"> state fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflicts" title=" conflicts"> conflicts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142027/political-economy-of-ungoverned-spaces-and-rural-armed-banditry-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Downside Risk Analysis of the Nigerian Stock Market: A Value at Risk Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper using standard GARCH, EGARCH, and TARCH models on day of the week return series (of 246 days) from the Nigerian Stock market estimated the model variants’ VaR. An asymmetric return distribution and fat-tail phenomenon in financial time series were considered by estimating the models with normal, student t and generalized error distributions. The analysis based on Akaike Information Criterion suggests that the EGARCH model with student t innovation distribution can furnish more accurate estimate of VaR. In the light of this, we apply the likelihood ratio tests of proportional failure rates to VaR derived from EGARCH model in order to determine the short and long positions VaR performances. The result shows that as alpha ranges from 0.05 to 0.005 for short positions, the failure rate significantly exceeds the prescribed quintiles while it however shows no significant difference between the failure rate and the prescribed quantiles for long positions. This suggests that investors and portfolio managers in the Nigeria stock market have long trading position or can buy assets with concern on when the asset prices will fall. Precisely, the VaR estimates for the long position range from -4.7% for 95 percent confidence level to -10.3% for 99.5 percent confidence level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downside%20risk" title="downside risk">downside risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value-at-risk" title=" value-at-risk"> value-at-risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20rate" title=" failure rate"> failure rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kupiec%20LR%20tests" title=" kupiec LR tests"> kupiec LR tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GARCH%20models" title=" GARCH models "> GARCH models </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21471/downside-risk-analysis-of-the-nigerian-stock-market-a-value-at-risk-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Full-Wave Analysis of Magnetic Meta-Surfaces for Microwave Component Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Hardly%20Joseph">Christopher Hardly Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Pelagalli"> Nicola Pelagalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20Mencarelli"> Davide Mencarelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Pierantoni"> Luca Pierantoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this contribution, we report the electromagnetic response of a split ring resonator (SRR) based magnetic metamaterial unit cell in free space nature by means of a full-wave electromagnetic simulation. The effective parameters of these designed structures have been analyzed. The structures have been specifically designed to work at high frequency considering the development of many microwave and lower mm-wave devices. In addition to that, the application of the designed metamaterial structures is also proposed, namely metamaterial loaded planar transmission lines, potentially useful to optimize size and quality factor of circuit components and radiating elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPW" title="CPW">CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microwave%20Components" title=" Microwave Components"> Microwave Components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negative%20Permeability" title=" Negative Permeability"> Negative Permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Split%20Ring%20Resonator%20%28SRR%29" title=" Split Ring Resonator (SRR)"> Split Ring Resonator (SRR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122917/full-wave-analysis-of-magnetic-meta-surfaces-for-microwave-component-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Effect of Sand Particle Distribution in Oil and Gas Pipeline Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Deekia%20Nwimae">Christopher Deekia Nwimae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20Simms"> Nigel Simms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyun%20Lao"> Liyun Lao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Erosion in pipe bends caused by particles is a major obstacle in the oil and gas fields and might cause the breakdown of production equipment. This work studied the effects imposed by flow velocity and impact of solid particles diameter in an elbow; erosion rate was verified with experimental data using the computational ﬂuid dynamics (CFD) approach. Two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange and discrete phase model was employed to calculate the air/solid particle ﬂow in an elbow. One erosion model and three-particle rebound models were used to predict the erosion rate on the 90° elbows. The generic erosion model was used in the CFD-based erosion model, and after comparing it with experimental data, results showed agreement with the CFD-based predictions as observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title="erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elbow" title=" elbow"> elbow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147246/effect-of-sand-particle-distribution-in-oil-and-gas-pipeline-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Optimization of Photocatalytic Degradation of Para-Nitrophenol in Visible Light by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Zinc Oxide Using Factorial Design of Experimental</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20Godwin%20Okibe">Friday Godwin Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaoyi%20David%20Paul"> Elaoyi David Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladayo%20Thomas%20Ojekunle"> Oladayo Thomas Ojekunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Nitrogen and Phosphorous co-doped Zinc Oxide (NPZ) was prepared through a solvent-free reaction. The NPZ was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was investigated by monitoring the degradation of para-nitrophenol (PNP) under visible light irradiation and the process was optimized using factorial design of experiment. The factors investigated were initial concentration of para-nitrophenol, catalyst loading, pH and irradiation time. The characterization results revealed a successful doping of ZnO by nitrogen and phosphorus and an improvement in the surface morphology of the catalyst. The photo-catalyst exhibited improved photocatalytic activity under visible light by 73.8%. The statistical analysis of the optimization result showed that the model terms were significant at 95% confidence level. Interactions plots revealed that irradiation time was the most significant factor affecting the degradation process. The cube plots of the interactions of the variables showed that an optimum degradation efficiency of 66.9% was achieved at 10mg/L initial PNP concentration, 0.5g catalyst loading, pH 7 and 150 minutes irradiation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20and%20phosphorous%20co-doped%20Zno" title="nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped Zno">nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped Zno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-nitrophenol" title=" p-nitrophenol"> p-nitrophenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20degradation" title=" photocatalytic degradation"> photocatalytic degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factorial%20design%20of%20experimental" title=" factorial design of experimental "> factorial design of experimental </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73455/optimization-of-photocatalytic-degradation-of-para-nitrophenol-in-visible-light-by-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-co-doped-zinc-oxide-using-factorial-design-of-experimental" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Godwin%20Udomboso&page=2" 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