CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: coplanar feed</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: coplanar feed"> <meta name="keywords" content="coplanar feed"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="coplanar feed" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="coplanar feed"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1193</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: coplanar feed</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1193</span> Design and Parametric Analysis of Pentaband Meander Line Antenna for Mobile Handset Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrinivas%20P.%20Mahajan">Shrinivas P. Mahajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarti%20C.%20Kshirsagar"> Aarti C. Kshirsagar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless communication technology is rapidly changing with recent developments in portable devices and communication protocols. This has generated demand for more advanced and compact antenna structures and therefore, proposed work focuses on Meander Line Antenna (MLA) design. Here, Pentaband MLA is designed on a FR4 substrate (85 mm x 40 mm) with dielectric constant (ϵr) 4.4, loss tangent (tan ) 0.018 and height 1.6 mm with coplanar feed and open stub structure. It can be operated in LTE (0.670 GHz-0.696 GHz) GPS (1.564 GHz-1.579 GHz), WCDMA (1.920 GHz-2.135 GHz), LTE UL frequency band 23 (2-2.020 GHz) and 5G (3.10 GHz-3.550 GHz) application bands. Also, it gives good performance in terms of Return Loss (RL) which is < -10 dB, impedance bandwidth with maximum Bandwidth (BW) up to 0.21 GHz and realized gains with maximum gain up to 3.28 dBi. Antenna is simulated with open stub and without open stub structures to see the effect on impedance BW coverage. In addition to this, it is checked with human hand and head phantoms to assure that it falls within specified Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed" title="coplanar feed">coplanar feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%20shaped%20ground" title=" L shaped ground"> L shaped ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meander%20Line%20Antenna" title=" Meander Line Antenna"> Meander Line Antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLA" title=" MLA"> MLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phantom" title=" Phantom"> Phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Specific%20Absorption%20Rate" title=" Specific Absorption Rate"> Specific Absorption Rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAR" title=" SAR"> SAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109521/design-and-parametric-analysis-of-pentaband-meander-line-antenna-for-mobile-handset-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1192</span> A Study of Non-Coplanar Imaging Technique in INER Prototype Tomosynthesis System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Yu%20Lin">Chia-Yu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Hsiang%20Shen"> Yu-Hsiang Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cing-Ciao%20Ke"> Cing-Ciao Ke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Hao%20Chang"> Chia-Hao Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan-Pin%20Tseng"> Fan-Pin Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ching%20Ni"> Yu-Ching Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Pin%20Tseng"> Sheng-Pin Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomosynthesis is an imaging system that generates a 3D image by scanning in a limited angular range. It could provide more depth information than traditional 2D X-ray single projection. Radiation dose in tomosynthesis is less than computed tomography (CT). Because of limited angular range scanning, there are many properties depending on scanning direction. Therefore, non-coplanar imaging technique was developed to improve image quality in traditional tomosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to establish the non-coplanar imaging technique of tomosynthesis system and evaluate this technique by the reconstructed image. INER prototype tomosynthesis system contains an X-ray tube, a flat panel detector, and a motion machine. This system could move X-ray tube in multiple directions during the acquisition. In this study, we investigated three different imaging techniques that were 2D X-ray single projection, traditional tomosynthesis, and non-coplanar tomosynthesis. An anthropopathic chest phantom was used to evaluate the image quality. It contained three different size lesions (3 mm, 5 mm and, 8 mm diameter). The traditional tomosynthesis acquired 61 projections over a 30 degrees angular range in one scanning direction. The non-coplanar tomosynthesis acquired 62 projections over 30 degrees angular range in two scanning directions. A 3D image was reconstructed by iterative image reconstruction algorithm (ML-EM). Our qualitative method was to evaluate artifacts in tomosynthesis reconstructed image. The quantitative method was used to calculate a peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) that means the intensity ratio of the lesion to the background. We used PVRs to evaluate the contrast of lesions. The qualitative results showed that in the reconstructed image of non-coplanar scanning, anatomic structures of chest and lesions could be identified clearly and no significant artifacts of scanning direction dependent could be discovered. In 2D X-ray single projection, anatomic structures overlapped and lesions could not be discovered. In traditional tomosynthesis image, anatomic structures and lesions could be identified clearly, but there were many artifacts of scanning direction dependent. The quantitative results of PVRs show that there were no significant differences between non-coplanar tomosynthesis and traditional tomosynthesis. The PVRs of the non-coplanar technique were slightly higher than traditional technique in 5 mm and 8 mm lesions. In non-coplanar tomosynthesis, artifacts of scanning direction dependent could be reduced and PVRs of lesions were not decreased. The reconstructed image was more isotropic uniformity in non-coplanar tomosynthesis than in traditional tomosynthesis. In the future, scan strategy and scan time will be the challenges of non-coplanar imaging technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title="image reconstruction">image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-coplanar%20imaging%20technique" title=" non-coplanar imaging technique"> non-coplanar imaging technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomosynthesis" title=" tomosynthesis"> tomosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20imaging" title=" X-ray imaging"> X-ray imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50913/a-study-of-non-coplanar-imaging-technique-in-iner-prototype-tomosynthesis-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1191</span> Design of a Novel CPW Fed Fractal Antenna for UWB</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El%20Hamdouni">A. El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a novel fractal antenna structure proposed for UWB (Ultra – Wideband) applications. The frequency band 3.1-10.6 GHz released by FCC (Federal Communication Commission) as the commercial operation of UWB has been chosen as frequency range for this antenna based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed and circular shapes fulfilled according to fractal geometry. The proposed antenna is validated and designed by using an FR4 substrate with overall area of 34 x 43 mm2. The simulated results performed by CST-Microwave Studio and compared by ADS (Advanced Design System) show good matching input impedance with return loss less than -10 dB between 2.9 GHz and 11 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractal%20antenna" title="Fractal antenna">Fractal antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractal%20Geometry" title=" Fractal Geometry"> Fractal Geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPW%20Feed" title=" CPW Feed"> CPW Feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB" title=" UWB"> UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FCC" title=" FCC"> FCC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17070/design-of-a-novel-cpw-fed-fractal-antenna-for-uwb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1190</span> Closed Form Solution for 4-D Potential Integrals for Arbitrary Coplanar Polygonal Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damir%20Latypov">Damir Latypov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A closed-form solution for 4-D double surface integrals arising in boundary integrals equations of a potential theory is obtained for arbitrary coplanar polygonal surfaces. The solution method is based on the construction of exact differential forms followed by the application of Stokes' theorem for each surface integral. As a result, the 4-D double surface integral is reduced to a 2-D double line integral. By an appropriate change of variables, the integrand is transformed into a separable function of integration variables. The closed-form solutions to the corresponding 1-D integrals are readily available in the integration tables. Previously closed-form solutions were known only for the case of coincident triangle surfaces and coplanar rectangles. Solutions for these cases were obtained by surface-specific ad-hoc methods, while the present method is general. The method also works for non-polygonal surfaces. As an example, we compute in closed form the 4-D integral for the case of coincident surfaces in the shape of a circular disk. For an arbitrarily shaped surface, the proposed method provides an efficient quadrature rule. Extensions of the method for non-coplanar surfaces and other than 1/R integral kernels are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20integral%20equations" title="boundary integral equations">boundary integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20forms" title=" differential forms"> differential forms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stokes%27%20theorem" title=" stokes' theorem"> stokes' theorem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130006/closed-form-solution-for-4-d-potential-integrals-for-arbitrary-coplanar-polygonal-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1189</span> Non-Coplanar Nuclei in Heavy-Ion Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahila%20Chopra">Sahila Chopra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemdeep"> Hemdeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshdeep%20Kaur"> Arshdeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20K.%20Gupta"> Raj K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, we noticed an interesting and important role of non-coplanar degree-of-freedom (Φ = 00) in heavy ion reactions. Using the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) with Φ degree-of-freedom included, we have studied three compound systems 246Bk&lowast;, 164Yb&lowast; and 105Ag&lowast;. Here, within the DCM with pocket formula for nuclear proximity potential, we look for the effects of including compact, non-coplanar configurations (Φc = 00) on the non-compound nucleus (nCN) contribution in total fusion cross section σfus. For 246Bk&lowast;, formed in 11B+235U and 14N+232Th reaction channels, the DCM with coplanar nuclei (Φc = 00) shows an nCN contribution for 11B+235U channel, but none for 14N+232Th channel, which on including Φ gives both reaction channels as pure compound nucleus decays. In the case of 164Yb&lowast;, formed in 64Ni+100Mo, the small nCN effects for Φ=00 are reduced to almost zero for Φ = 00. Interestingly, however, 105Ag&lowast; for Φ = 00 shows a small nCN contribution, which gets strongly enhanced for Φ = 00, such that the characteristic property of PCN presents a change of behaviour, like that of a strongly fissioning superheavy element to a weakly fissioning nucleus; note that 105Ag&lowast; is a weakly fissioning nucleus and Psurv behaves like one for a weakly fissioning nucleus for both Φ = 00 and Φ = 00. Apparently, Φ is presenting itself like a good degree-of-freedom in the DCM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamical%20cluster-decay%20model" title="dynamical cluster-decay model">dynamical cluster-decay model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20cross%20sections" title=" fusion cross sections"> fusion cross sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-compound%20nucleus%20effects" title=" non-compound nucleus effects"> non-compound nucleus effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-coplanarity" title=" non-coplanarity"> non-coplanarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41851/non-coplanar-nuclei-in-heavy-ion-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1188</span> Inverted Umbrella-type Chiral Non-coplanar Ferrimagnetic Structure in Co(NO₃)₂ </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Maximova">O. Maximova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20L.%20Danilovich"> I. L. Danilovich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20B.%20Deeva"> E. B. Deeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Bukhteev"> K. Y. Bukhteev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Vorobyova"> A. A. Vorobyova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20V.%20Morozov"> I. V. Morozov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20S.%20Volkova"> O. S. Volkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Zvereva"> E. A. Zvereva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20V.%20Solovyev"> I. V. Solovyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Nikolaev"> S. A. Nikolaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Phuyal"> D. Phuyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdel-Hafiez"> M. Abdel-Hafiez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Wang"> Y. C. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Lin"> J. Y. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Chen"> J. M. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20I.%20Gorbunov"> D. I. Gorbunov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Puzniak"> K. Puzniak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lake"> B. Lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Vasiliev"> A. N. Vasiliev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The low-dimensional magnetic systems tend to reveal exotic spin liquid ground states or form peculiar types of long-range order. Among systems of vivid interest are those characterized by the triangular motif in two dimensions. The realization of either ordered or disordered ground state in a triangular, honeycomb, or kagome lattices is are dictated by the competition of exchange interactions, also being sensitive to anisotropy and the spin value of magnetic ions. While the low-spin Heisenberg systems may arrive at a spin liquid long-range entangled quantum state with emergent gauge structures, the high-spin Ising systems may establish the rigid non-collinear structures. This study presents the case of chiral non-coplanar inverted umbrella-type ferrimagnet formed in cobalt nitrate Co(NO₃)₂ below T <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chiral%20magnetic%20structures" title="chiral magnetic structures">chiral magnetic structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20dimensional%20magnetic%20systems" title=" low dimensional magnetic systems"> low dimensional magnetic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=umbrella-type%20ferrimagnets" title=" umbrella-type ferrimagnets"> umbrella-type ferrimagnets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chiral%20non-coplanar%20magnetic%20structures" title=" chiral non-coplanar magnetic structures"> chiral non-coplanar magnetic structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130784/inverted-umbrella-type-chiral-non-coplanar-ferrimagnetic-structure-in-cono32" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1187</span> A Novel Dual Band-pass filter Based On Coupling of Composite Right/Left Hand CPW and (CSRRs) Uses Ferrite Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Berka">Mohammed Berka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Merit"> Khaled Merit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent works on microwave filters show that the constituent materials such filters are very important in the design and realization. Several solutions have been proposed to improve the qualities of filtering. In this paper, we propose a new dual band-pass filter based on the coupling of a composite (CRLH) coplanar waveguide with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). The (CRLH) CPW is composed of two resonators, each one has an interdigital capacitor (CID) and two short-circuited stubs parallel to top ground plane. On the lower ground plane, we use defected ground structure technology (DGS) to engrave two (CSRRs) offered with different shapes and dimensions. Between the top ground plane and the substrate, we place a ferrite layer to control the electromagnetic coupling between (CRLH) CPW and (CSRRs). The global filter that has coplanar access will have a dual band-pass behavior around the magnetic resonances of (CSRRs). Since there’s no scientific or experimental result in the literature for this kind of complicated structure, it was necessary to perform simulation using HFSS Ansoft designer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20split%20ring%20resonators" title="complementary split ring resonators">complementary split ring resonators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20waveguide" title=" coplanar waveguide"> coplanar waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrite" title=" ferrite"> ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stub." title=" stub."> stub.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26396/a-novel-dual-band-pass-filter-based-on-coupling-of-composite-rightleft-hand-cpw-and-csrrs-uses-ferrite-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1186</span> Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Non-Conventional Feed Resources for Livestock Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clyde%20Haruzivi">Clyde Haruzivi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20Oyebade%20Ikusika"> Olusegun Oyebade Ikusika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thando%20Conference%20Mpendulo"> Thando Conference Mpendulo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feed scarcity, increasing demand for animal products due to the growing human population, competition for conventional feed resources for humans and animal production, and ever-increasing prices of these feed resources are major constraints to the livestock industry in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, the industry is suffering immensely as the cost of production is high, hence the reduced returns. Most affected are the communal and resource-limited farmers who cannot afford the cost of conventional feed resources to supplement feeds, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where the available feed resources are not adequate for maintenance and production. This has tasked researchers and animal scientists to focus on the potential of non-conventional feed resources (NCFRs). Non-conventional feed resources could fill the gap through reduced competition, cost of feed, increased supply, increased profits, and independency as farmers will be utilizing locally available feed resources. Identifying available non-conventional feed resources is vital as it creates possibilities for novel feed industries and markets and implements methods of using these feedstuffs to improve livestock production and livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this research work analyses the progress, challenges, and prospects of some non-conventional feed resources in Sub-Saharan Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventional" title="non-conventional">non-conventional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20resources" title=" feed resources"> feed resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock%20production" title=" livestock production"> livestock production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan" title=" Sub-Saharan"> Sub-Saharan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156542/progress-challenges-and-prospects-of-non-conventional-feed-resources-for-livestock-production-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1185</span> Valorization of By-Products through Feed Formulation for Tilapia sp: Zootechnical Performance Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redhouane%20Benfares">Redhouane Benfares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Boudjemaa"> Kamel Boudjemaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Affaf%20Kord"> Affaf Kord</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Messis"> Sonia Messis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Farai"> Linda Farai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkacem%20Guenachi"> Belkacem Guenachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kherarba%20Maha"> Kherarba Maha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslava%20%C5%A0Varc-Gaji%C4%87"> Jaroslava ŠVarc-Gajić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years valorization of biowaste has attracted a lot of attention worldwide owing to its high nutritional value and low price. In this work, biowaste of animal (sardines) and plant (tomato) biowaste was used to formulate a new feed for red tilapia that showed to be competitive in its price, and zootechnical performance in comparison to commercially available tilapia feeds. Mathematical modelling was used to formulate optimal feed composition with favorable chemical composition and the lowest price. Formulated feed had high protein content (40.76%) and an energy value of 279.6 Kcal/100 g. Optimised feed was manufactured and compared to commercially available reference feed with respect to feeding intake, feed efficiency, the specific growth rate of fingerlings of Tilapia sp, and, most important, zootechnical parameters. With a fish survival rate of 100% calculated feed conversion index for the formulated feed was 2.7. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion%20index" title="conversion index">conversion index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20waste" title=" fish waste"> fish waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formulated%20feed" title=" formulated feed"> formulated feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20waste" title=" tomato waste"> tomato waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157767/valorization-of-by-products-through-feed-formulation-for-tilapia-sp-zootechnical-performance-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1184</span> Assessment of Microbiological Feed Safety from Serbian Market from 2013 to 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danijela%20Vukovi%C4%87">Danijela Vuković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radovan%20%C4%8Cobanovi%C4%87"> Radovan Čobanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milorad%20Pla%C4%8Dki%C4%87"> Milorad Plačkić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of population imposes increase in usage of animal meat, on whose quality directly affects the quality of the feed that the animals are fed with. The selection of raw materials, hygiene during the technological process, various hydrothermal treatments, methods of mixing etc. have an influence on the quality of feed. Monitoring of the feed is very important to obtain information about the quality of feed and the possible prevention of animal diseases which can lead to different human diseases outbreaks. In this study parameters of feed safety were monitored. According to the mentioned, the goal of this study was to evaluate microbiological safety of feed (feedstuffs and complete mixtures). Total number of analyzed samples was 4399. Analyzed feed samples were collected in various retail shops and feed factories during the period of 44 months (from January 2013 untill September 2017). Samples were analyzed on Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens in quantity of 50g according to Serbian regulation. All microorganisms were tested according to ISO methodology: Salmonella spp. ISO 6579:2002 and Clostridium perfringens ISO 7937:2004. Out of 4399 analyzed feed samples 97,5% were satisfactory and 2,5% unsatisfactory concerning Salmonella spp. As far as Clostridium perfringens is concerned 100% of analyzed samples were satisfactory. The obtained results suggest that technological processing of feed in Serbia is at high level when it comes to safety and hygiene of the products, but there are still possibilities for progress and improvement which only can be reached trough the permanent monitoring of feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiology" title="microbiology">microbiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed" title=" feed"> feed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71022/assessment-of-microbiological-feed-safety-from-serbian-market-from-2013-to-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1183</span> Design of a 28-nm CMOS 2.9-64.9-GHz Broadband Distributed Amplifier with Floating Ground CPW</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tian-Wei%20Huang">Tian-Wei Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Ting%20Bai"> Wei-Ting Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Tung%20Cheng"> Yu-Tung Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeng-Han%20Tsai"> Jeng-Han Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a 1-stage 6-section conventional distributed amplifier (CDA) structure distributed power amplifier (DPA) fabricated in a 28-nm HPC+ 1P9M CMOS process is proposed. The transistor size selection is introduced to achieve broadband power matching and thus remains a high flatness output power and power added efficiency (PAE) within the bandwidth. With the inductive peaking technique, the high-frequency pole appears and the high-frequency gain is increased; the gain flatness becomes better as well. The inductive elements used to form an artificial transmission line are built up with a floating ground coplanar waveguide plane (CPWFG) rather than a microstrip line, coplanar waveguide (CPW), or spiral inductor to get better performance. The DPA achieves 12.6 dB peak gain at 52.5 GHz with 2.9 to 64.9 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. The Psat is 11.4 dBm with PAEMAX of 10.6 % at 25 GHz. The output 1-dB compression point power is 9.8 dBm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20power%20amplifier%20%28DPA%29" title="distributed power amplifier (DPA)">distributed power amplifier (DPA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20bandwidth%20%28GBW%29" title=" gain bandwidth (GBW)"> gain bandwidth (GBW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20ground%20CPW" title=" floating ground CPW"> floating ground CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductive%20peaking" title=" inductive peaking"> inductive peaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=28-nm" title=" 28-nm"> 28-nm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS" title=" CMOS"> CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G." title=" 5G."> 5G.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161176/design-of-a-28-nm-cmos-29-649-ghz-broadband-distributed-amplifier-with-floating-ground-cpw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1182</span> Efficacy of Vitamins A, C and E on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Heat Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Desierin%20Rodrin">Desierin Rodrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Alcantara"> Magdalena Alcantara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Olo"> Cristina Olo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in environmental temperatures brought about by climate change impacts negatively the growth performance of broilers that may be solved by manipulating the diet of the animals. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different vitamin supplements on the growth performance of broiler chickens subjected to ambient (31°C) and heat stress (34°C) temperatures. The treatments were: I- Control (no vitamin supplement), II- Vitamin A (4.5 mg/kg of feed), III- Vitamin C (250 mg/kg of feed), IV- Vitamin E (250 mg/kg of feed), V- Vitamin C and E (250 mg/kg of feed and 250 mg/kg of feed), VI- Vitamin A and E (4.5 mg/kg of feed and 250 mg/kg of feed), VII- Vitamin A and C (4.5 mg/kg of feed and 250 mg/kg of feed), and VIII- Vitamin A, C and E (4.5 mg/kg of feed, 250 mg/kg of feed and 250 mg/kg of feed). The birds (n=240) were distributed randomly into eight treatments replicated three times, with each replicates having five birds. Ambient temperature was maintained using a 25 watts bulb for every 20 birds, while heat stress condition was sustained at 34°C for about 9 hours daily by using a 50 watts bulb per 5 birds. The interaction of vitamin supplements and temperatures did not significantly (P>0.05) affected body weight, average daily gain, feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency throughout the growing period. Similarly, supplementation of different vitamins did not improve (P>0.05) the overall production performance of birds throughout the rearing period. Birds raised in heat stress (34°C) condition had significantly lower ((P<0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and feed consumption compared to birds raised in ambient temperature at weeks 3, 4 and 5 of rearing. Supplementation of vitamins A, C, and E in the diet of broilers did not alleviate the effect of heat stress in the growth performance of broilers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20growth%20performance" title="broiler growth performance">broiler growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20stress" title=" heat stress"> heat stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20supplementation" title=" vitamin supplementation"> vitamin supplementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20A" title=" vitamin A"> vitamin A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20C" title=" vitamin C"> vitamin C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20E" title=" vitamin E"> vitamin E</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68238/efficacy-of-vitamins-a-c-and-e-on-the-growth-performance-of-broiler-chickens-subjected-to-heat-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1181</span> Growth Performance, Survival Rate and Feed Efficacy of Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus, Feed Experimental Diet with Several Dosages of Papain Enzyme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainal%20A.%20Muchlisin">Zainal A. Muchlisin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20A.%20Muhammadar"> Abdullah A. Muhammadar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present study was to determine the optimum dose of papain enzyme in the diet for growing, survival rate and feed efficacy of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquatic of Faculty of Veterinary, Syiah Kuala University from January to March 2016. The completely randomized design was used in this study. Six dosages level of papain enzyme were tested with 4 replications i.e. 0 g kg-1 of feed, 20.0 g kg-1 feed, 22.5 g kg-1 of feed, 25.0 g kg-1 of feed, 27.5 g kg-1 of feed, and 30.0 g kg-1 of feed. The experimental fish fed twice a day at feeding level of 5% for 60 days. The results showed that weight gain ranged from 2.41g to 7.37g, total length gain ranged from 0.67cm to 3.17cm, specific growth rate ranged from 1.46 % day to 3.41% day, daily growth rate ranged from 0.04 g day to 0.13 g day, feed conversion ratio ranged from 1.94 to 3.59, feed efficiency ranged from 27.99% to 51.37%, protein retention ranged from 3.38% to 28.28%, protein digestibility ranged from 50.63% to 90.38%, and survival rate ranged from 88.89% to 100%. The highest rate for all parameters was found in the dosage of 3.00% papain enzyme kg feed. The ANOVA test showed that enzyme papain gave a significant effect on the weight gain, total length gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, protein retention, protein digestibility, and survival rate of the climbing perch (Anabas testudieus). The best enzyme papain dosage was 3.0%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=betok" title="betok">betok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20conversion%20ratio" title=" feed conversion ratio"> feed conversion ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20fish" title=" freshwater fish"> freshwater fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feeding" title=" feeding"> feeding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73058/growth-performance-survival-rate-and-feed-efficacy-of-climbing-perch-anabas-testudineus-feed-experimental-diet-with-several-dosages-of-papain-enzyme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1180</span> The Effect of the Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) as the Source of Protein Feed and Pathogen Antibacterial for Broiler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waode%20Nurmayani">Waode Nurmayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikmatul%20Riswanda"> Nikmatul Riswanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Broilers are chickens which are kept with the most efficient time and hoped get a good body weight. All things are done, for example with the improvement of feed and use antibiotics. Feed cost is the most cost to be spent. Nearly 80% of the cost is spent just for buy feed. Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) is a good choice to reduce the cost of feed protein source. The Earthworm has a high crude protein content of about 48.5%-61.9%, rich with proline amino acid about 15% of the 62 amino acids. Not only about protein, this earthworm also has a role in disease prevention. Prevention of disease in livestock usual with use feed supplement. Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) is one of the natural materials used as feed. In addition, several types of earthworms that have been known to contain active substances about antibacterial pathogens namely Lumbricus rubellus. The earthworm could be used as an antibiotic because it contain the antibody of Lumbricine active substance. So that, this animal feed from Lumbricus rubellus could improve the performance of broilers. Bioactive of anti-bacterial is called Lumbricine able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal wall so that the population of pathogenic bacteria is reduced. The method of write in this scientific writing is divided into 3 techniques, namely data completion, data analysis, and thinking pan from various literature about earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) as broiler feed. It is expected that innovation of feed material of earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) could reduce the cost of protein feed and the use of chemical antibiotics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthworm" title="earthworm">earthworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title=" antibiotic"> antibiotic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85943/the-effect-of-the-earthworm-lumbricus-rubellus-as-the-source-of-protein-feed-and-pathogen-antibacterial-for-broiler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1179</span> A Research About to Determination the Quality of Feed Oils Used as Mixedfeed Raw Material from Some Feed Factories in Konya-Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fah%20Kanbur">Gülşah Kanbur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veysel%20Ayhan"> Veysel Ayhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feed oil samples which are used as mixed feed raw material were taken from six different feed factories in March, May and July. All factories make production in Konya, Turkey and all of the samples were which taken are crude soybean oil. Some physical and chemical analysis, free radical scavenger effect and total phenol content were determined on these oil samples. Moisture content was found between 0.10-22.23 %, saponification number was determined 143.13 to 167.93 KOH/kg, free fatty acidity was varied 0.73 to 35.00 % , peroxide value was found between 1.53 and 28.43 meq/kg , unsaponifiable matter was determined from 0.40 to 17.10 % , viscosity was found between 34.30 and 625.67 mPas, sediment amount was determined between 0.60-18.16 % , free radical scavenger effect was varied 20.7 to 43.04 % inhibition of the extract and total phenol content was found between 1.20 and 2.69 mg/L extract. Different results were found between months and factories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20soybean%20oil" title="crude soybean oil">crude soybean oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20oils" title=" feed oils"> feed oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20feed" title=" mixed feed"> mixed feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konya" title=" Konya"> Konya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28799/a-research-about-to-determination-the-quality-of-feed-oils-used-as-mixedfeed-raw-material-from-some-feed-factories-in-konya-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1178</span> Opportunities for Precision Feed in Apiculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Michael%20Russo">John Michael Russo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Honeybees are important to our food system and continue to suffer from high rates of colony loss. Precision feed has brought many benefits to livestock cultivation and these should transfer to apiculture. However, apiculture has unique challenges. The objective of this research is to understand how principles of precision agriculture, applied to apiculture and feed specifically, might effectively improve state-of-the-art cultivation. The methodology surveys apicultural practice to build a model for assessment. First, a review of apicultural motivators is made. Feed method is then evaluated. Finally, precision feed methods are examined as accelerants with potential to advance the effectiveness of feed practice. Six important motivators emerge: colony loss, disease, climate change, site variance, operational costs, and competition. Feed practice itself is used to compensate for environmental variables. The research finds that the current state-of-the-art in apiculture feed focuses on critical challenges in the management of feed schedules which satisfy requirements of the bees, preserve potency, optimize environmental variables, and manage costs. Many of the challenges are most acute when feed is used to dispense medication. Technology such as RNA treatments have even more rigorous demands. Precision feed solutions focus on strategies which accommodate specific needs of individual livestock. A major component is data; they integrate precise data with methods that respond to individual needs. There is enormous opportunity for precision feed to improve apiculture through the integration of precision data with policies to translate data into optimized action in the apiary, particularly through automation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20agriculture" title="precision agriculture">precision agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20feed" title=" precision feed"> precision feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apiculture" title=" apiculture"> apiculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybees" title=" honeybees"> honeybees</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154810/opportunities-for-precision-feed-in-apiculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1177</span> Effect of Bactocellon White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei) Growth Performance and the Shrimp Survival to Vibrio paraheamolyticus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Soltani">M. Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Pakzad"> K. Pakzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Haghigh-Khiyabani"> A. Haghigh-Khiyabani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alavi"> M. Alavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Naderi"> R. Naderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Castex"> M. Castex</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of probiotic Bactocell (Pediococcus acidilactici) as a supplementary diet was studied on post-larvae 12-15 of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (150000 PL/0.5 h pond, average body weight=0.02 g) growth performance under farm condition for 102 days at water quality parameters consisting of temperature at 30.5-36οC, dissolved oxygen 4.1-6.6 mg/l, salinity 40-54 g/l, turbidity 35-110 cm, ammonia 0.1-0.8 mg/l and nitrite 0.1-0.9 mg/l. Also, the resistance level of the treated shrimps was assessed against a virulent strain of Vibrio paraheamolyticus as intramuscular injection route at 1.4 x 106 cells/shrimp. Significantly higher growth rate (11.3±1.54 g) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.1) were obtained in shrimps fed diets supplemented with Bactocell at 350 g/ tone feed compared to other treatments of 250 g Bactocell/ton feed (10.8±2 g, 1.3), 500 g Bactocell/ton feed (10.3±1.7 g, 1.3) and untreated control (10.1±2 g, 1.4). Also, thermal growth coefficient (0.057%) and protein efficiency ratio (2.13) were significantly improved in shrimps fed diets supplemented with Bactocell at 350 g/ton feed compare to other groups. Shrimps fed diet supplemented with Bactocell at 350 g/tone feed showed significantly higher protein content (72.56%) in their carcass composition than treatments of 250 g/ton feed (65.9%), 500 g/ton feed (67.5%) and control group (65.9%), while the carcass contents of moisture, lipid and ash in all shrimp groups were not significantly affected by different concentrations of Bactocell. No mortality occurred in the experimentally infected shrimps fed with Bactocell at 500 g/tone feed after 7 hours post-challenge with V. parahemolyticus. The mortality levels of 100%, 40%, 50% and 70% were obtained in shrimps fed with 0.0, 500 g/tone feed, 350 g/ton feed and 250 g/ton feed, respectively 14 hours post-infection. Also, the cumulative mortalities were achieved in 100%, 92% and 81% in shrimps few with Bactocell at 500 g/ton feed, 250 g/ton feed and 350 g/ton feed, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litopenaeus%20vannamei" title="litopenaeus vannamei">litopenaeus vannamei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrio%20paraheamolyticus" title=" vibrio paraheamolyticus"> vibrio paraheamolyticus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediococcus%20acidilactici" title=" pediococcus acidilactici"> pediococcus acidilactici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bactocell" title=" bactocell "> bactocell </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8858/effect-of-bactocellon-white-leg-shrimp-litopenaeusvannamei-growth-performance-and-the-shrimp-survival-to-vibrio-paraheamolyticus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">675</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1176</span> Parametric Analysis of Water Lily Shaped Split Ring Resonator Loaded Fractal Monopole Antenna for Multiband Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Elavarasi">C. Elavarasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Shanmuganantham"> T. Shanmuganantham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is presented, and comprising a split ring resonator (SRR) loaded fractal with water lily shape is used for multi band applications. The impedance matching of the antenna is determined by the number of Koch curve fractal unit cells. The antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate with a permittivity of ε<sub>r =</sub> 4.4 and size of 14 x 16 x 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> to generate multi resonant mode at 3.8 GHz covering S band, 8.68 GHz at X band, 13.96 GHz at Ku band, and 19.74 GHz at K band with reflection coefficient better than -10 dB. Simulation results show that the antenna exhibits the desired voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) level and radiation patterns across the wide frequency range. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, good radiation pattern with reasonable gain across the operating bands are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal" title="fractal">fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20ring%20resonator" title=" split ring resonator"> split ring resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterlily%20shape" title=" waterlily shape"> waterlily shape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53253/parametric-analysis-of-water-lily-shaped-split-ring-resonator-loaded-fractal-monopole-antenna-for-multiband-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1175</span> Camel Mortalities Due to Accidental Intoxcation with Ionophore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Abdelfattah">M. A. Abdelfattah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20K.%20Waleed"> F. K. Waleed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anticoccidials were utilized widely in veterinary practice for the avoidance of coccidiosis in poultry and assume a huge job as development promotants in ruminants. Ionophore harming is every now and again happens because of accidental access to medicated feed, errors in feed mixing, incorrect dosage calculation or misuse in non-recommended species. Camels on several farms in Eastern area of Saudi Arabia were accidently fed with a feed pellet containing 13 ppm salinomycin. One hundred and sixty-three camels died with mortality rate of 100%. The poisoning was clinically characterized by restlessness with tail lift to the top, jerk in the muscles of legs and thighs, excessive sweating, frequent setting and standing with body imbalance, lateral and sternal recumbences with the legs stretched back, eye tears with dilated pupil, vomiting of the stomach content, loss of consciousness and death of some of them. Feed analysis indicated the presence of salinomycin in pelleted feed in a range of 13 mg/kg-47 mg/kg. Necropsy findings and histopathological examinations were presented. Regulations and legal implications concerning with sale of contaminated feed in Saudi market are discussed in the light of feed law and by-law. The necessity for an effective implication of regulation concerning application of quality assurance systems based on the principles of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the application of Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point (HACCP) during feed production is necessary to avoid feed accident. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicated%20feed" title="medicated feed">medicated feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinomycin" title=" salinomycin"> salinomycin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticoccidial" title=" anticoccidial"> anticoccidial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title=" camel"> camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127800/camel-mortalities-due-to-accidental-intoxcation-with-ionophore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1174</span> Effect of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Leaves on Wheat Offal Replacement for Chicks Feed Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C.%20Okafor">C. C. Okafor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20Ezeh"> T. M. Ezeh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of addition of sweet potato leaves in replacement of wheat offal in the production of broiler chicks feed was studied. 72 day-old marshal strain chicks were used and brooded for two weeks with a normal commercial feed in Nigeria called top feed and weighed separately at the end of the two weeks, complete randomized design (CRD) was used. The weighed broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated to twice with eighteen birds per replicate. The four dietary treatment identified as T1, T2, T3 and T4. T1 served as control diet with 21% crude protein content, while T2 was prepared with Enzyme and in T3 and T4, wheat offal was replaced with sweet potato leaves and in T4 with inclusion of enzyme. Growth performance was studied using the following daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed efficiency. The result in daily weight gain showed that chicks fed with T2 feed had the highest weight gain (93.75) while chicks fed with T3 had the least weight gain of (34.5 gm). In daily feed intake chicks fed with T4 fed more (53.06 gm) than chicks fed with T2 (51.08 gm). In feed efficiency T3 had the highest value of 30% while the T2 had the least efficiency of 22%. There was no significant difference (P≥ 0.05) in all the three parameter tested. Sweet potato leaves can replace wheat offal in broiler feed production without any adverse effect on the growth performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title="broiler">broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary" title=" dietary"> dietary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato%20leaves" title=" potato leaves"> potato leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20offal" title=" wheat offal "> wheat offal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33351/effect-of-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-leaves-on-wheat-offal-replacement-for-chicks-feed-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1173</span> A CPW Fed Bowtie Microstrip Slot Antenna for Wireless Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amandeep%20Singh">Amandeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Singh"> Surinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A slotted Bow-Tie microstrip patch antenna utilizing input of coplanar waveguide for high frequency wireless applications is proposed and analyzed in this work. RT/Duroid 5880 with its dielectric constant 2.2 is opted for the experimentation to analyze the proposed microstrip slot antenna. This antenna is exclusively designed for the frequency range of 10 GHz to 11 GHz and modelling parameters are obtained from the already existing data and dimensions of antenna are adjusted by employing some corrugated slots in the Bowtie shape to obtain the required bandwidth so that it can radiate within the specified range. The characteristics of proposed antenna are measured by a FEM electromagnetic field solver and it is found that the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, radiated gain, feed point impedance, radiation efficiency are in a good agreement. This antenna is also exhibiting an absolute bandwidth of 1000 MHz. The validated results indicate that the proposed bowtie microstrip slot antenna comes under the wideband category and utilized in the wireless application ranges between the 10 GHz – 11 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPW" title="CPW">CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bowtie" title=" bowtie"> bowtie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25197/a-cpw-fed-bowtie-microstrip-slot-antenna-for-wireless-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1172</span> The Effect of Fermented Organic Feed into Nutritive Contents of Kampong Chicken Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahyu%20Widodo">Wahyu Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imbang%20Dwi%20Rahayu"> Imbang Dwi Rahayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adi%20Sutanto"> Adi Sutanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the fermented organic feed to dry matter, ash, organic matter, protein, fat and crude fiber contents of kampong chicken meat. The research had conducted at January until June, 2016. One hundreds chickens were used in this research. Experimental method and completely randomized design were used to support this research. We had 4 treatment namely P0: organic feed without fermentation, P1: Organic feed with fermented rice bran, P2: Organic feed with fermented corn, P3: Organic feed with fermented rice bran and corn with 5 replication. The conclusion was the treatment had not a significant effect in the dry matter, ash, organic matter and protein contents of chicken meat. On the other hand, it had a significant effect in the fat and crude fiber contents of chicken meat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn" title="corn">corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20organic%20feed" title=" fermented organic feed"> fermented organic feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20contents" title=" nutritive contents"> nutritive contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran" title=" rice bran"> rice bran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62184/the-effect-of-fermented-organic-feed-into-nutritive-contents-of-kampong-chicken-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1171</span> Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on the Feed Intake and Average Weight of Pullets </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cajethan%20U.%20Ugwuoke">Cajethan U. Ugwuoke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyginus%20O.%20Omeje"> Hyginus O. Omeje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20C.%20Osinem"> Emmanuel C. Osinem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out to determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder additive on the feed intake and average weight of pullets. A completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted for the study. On the procedure of the experiment, 240 chicks were randomly selected from 252 Isa Brown day-old chicks. The chicks were equally randomly allotted to 12 pens with 20 chicks each. The pens were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups with three replicates each. T1 was fed with control feed while T2, T3, and T4 were fed with 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder fortified feed respectively. The chicks were fed with uniform feed up to week four. From week five, experimental feeds were given to the pullet up to 20 weeks of age. The birds were placed on the same treatment conditions except different experimental feeds given to different groups. Data on the feed intake were collected daily while the average weight of the pullets was collected weekly using weighing scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean, bar charts and Analysis of Variance. The layers fed with control feed consumed the highest amount of feed in most of the weeks under study. The average weights of all the treatment groups were equal from week 1 to week 4. Little variation in average weight started in week 5 with T2 topping the groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the feed intake and average weight of layers fed with different inclusion rates of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in feeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20weight" title="average weight">average weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20intake" title=" feed intake"> feed intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera" title=" Moringa oleifera"> Moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullets" title=" pullets"> pullets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79486/effects-of-moringa-oleifera-leaf-powder-on-the-feed-intake-and-average-weight-of-pullets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1170</span> Laying Hens' Feed Fortified with Pectin, Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum Aims to Reduce the Cholesterol in Muscle and Egg Yolk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Novia%20Dwi%20Prabandari">Novia Dwi Prabandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diah%20Ayu%20Asmarani"> Diah Ayu Asmarani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soluble fiber can accelerate the metabolism of cholesterol. Pectin and gum has been used in the form of substance additive for material stabilizer and emulsifier. Pectin supplementation in laying hens can decimate the cholesterol content in egg yolk and muscle. Therefore, this laying hens’ feed is regular feed chickens enriched with soluble fiber (Pectin, Xanthan gum, and Guar gum) to produce eggs and muscle with lower cholesterol than usual.The ingredients are mixed in the ratio of concentrate 45%, corn flour 25%, soybean meal 20%, and extract of soluble fiber 10%. Once all the ingredients are mixed and then evaporated with temperature < 80 °C. Then put in the grinding machine resulting in a circular shape with holes 2-3 mm in diameter, after it dried up the water content in the feed is less than 14%. Eggs from laying hen with soluble fiber fortification feed intake will have lower cholesterol levels in eggs than regular feed. So even with the cholesterol content in the muscle, it is because chicken feed fortified with soluble fiber will accelerate the metabolism of cholesterol and cause cholesterol deposits in the chicken less. The use of this kind of laying hens feed is produce eggs with high protein content can be consumed more for people who have hypercholesterolemia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectin" title="pectin">pectin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthan%20gum" title=" xanthan gum"> xanthan gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guar%20gum" title=" guar gum"> guar gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laying%20hen" title=" laying hen"> laying hen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29483/laying-hens-feed-fortified-with-pectin-xanthan-gum-and-guar-gum-aims-to-reduce-the-cholesterol-in-muscle-and-egg-yolk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1169</span> Effect of Feed Rate on Grinding Circuits and Cyclone Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patel%20Himeshkumar%20Ashokbhai">Patel Himeshkumar Ashokbhai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchit%20Sharma"> Suchit Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Kumar%20Garg"> Arvind Kumar Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of change in feed rate on grinding circuit and cyclone efficiency in case of lead-zinc ore. The following experiments and analysis were conducted on beneficiation circuit of Sindesar Khurd (SK) mines under Hindustan Zinc Ltd. subsidiary of Vedanta Group of Companies, a leading producer of lead-Zinc, silver and cadmium (as by products) in India. Feed rate is an important variable in beneficiation circuit operation. Optimizing feed rate is indispensable for any grinding circuit and directly effects cyclone efficiency. The size analysis of ore in grinding circuit along with cyclone efficiency on varying feed rates establishes their interdependence. Feed rate determines retention time ore gets within grinding circuit. Retention time in turn determines degree of liberation of mineral. Inadequate liberation causes decreased circuit efficiency. In this paper we have studied the effect of varying feed rate on (1) D80 particle size of different sections of different streams of grinding circuit (2) Re-circulating load (3) Cyclone efficiency. As a conclusion, this study gives some clues to operate grinding circuits and hydro-cyclones in more efficient way regarding beneficiation of Lead-zinc ore. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclone%20efficiency" title="cyclone efficiency">cyclone efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20rate" title=" feed rate"> feed rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grinding%20circuit" title=" grinding circuit"> grinding circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-circulating%20load" title=" re-circulating load"> re-circulating load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38698/effect-of-feed-rate-on-grinding-circuits-and-cyclone-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1168</span> The Influence of Feedgas Ratio on the Ethene Hydroformylation using Rh-Co Bimetallic Catalyst Supported by Reduced Graphene Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianli%20Chang">Jianli Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusheng%20Zhang"> Yusheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yali%20Yao"> Yali Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Hildebrandt"> Diane Hildebrandt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinying%20Liu"> Xinying Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of feed-gas ratio on the ethene hydroformylation over an Rh-Co bimetallic catalyst supported by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been investigated in a tubular fixed bed reactor. Argon was used as balance gas when the feed-gas ratio was changed, which can keep the partial pressure of the other two kinds of gas constant while the ratio of one component in feed-gas was changed. First, the effect of single-component gas ratio on the performance of ethene hydroformylation was studied one by one (H₂, C₂H₄ and CO). Then an optimized ratio was found to obtain a high selectivity to C₃ oxygenates. The results showed that: (1) 0.5%Rh-20%Co/RGO is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for ethene hydroformylation. (2) H₂ and CO have a more significant influence than C₂H₄ on selectivity to oxygenates. (3) A lower H₂ ratio and a higher CO ratio in feed-gas can lead to a higher selectivity to oxygenates. (4) The highest selectivity to oxygenates, 61.70%, was obtained at the feed-gas ratio CO: C₂H₄: H₂ = 4: 2: 1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethene%20hydroformylation" title="ethene hydroformylation">ethene hydroformylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20graphene%20oxide" title=" reduced graphene oxide"> reduced graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodium%20cobalt%20bimetallic%20catalyst" title=" rhodium cobalt bimetallic catalyst"> rhodium cobalt bimetallic catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20effect%20of%20feed-gas%20ratio" title=" the effect of feed-gas ratio"> the effect of feed-gas ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146368/the-influence-of-feedgas-ratio-on-the-ethene-hydroformylation-using-rh-co-bimetallic-catalyst-supported-by-reduced-graphene-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1167</span> The Effects of Production, Transportation and Storage Conditions on Mold Growth in Compound Feeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Cetinkaya">N. Cetinkaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present study is to determine the critical control points during the production, transportation and storage conditions of compound feeds to be used in the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) feed safety management system. A total of 40 feed samples were taken after 20 and 40 days of storage periods from the 10 dairy and 10 beef cattle farms following the transportation of the compound feeds from the factory. In addition, before transporting the feeds from factory immediately after production of dairy and beef cattle compound feeds, 10 from each total 20 samples were taken as 0 day. In all feed samples, chemical composition and total aflatoxin levels were determined. The aflatoxin levels in all feed samples with the exception of 2 dairy cattle feeds were below the maximum acceptable level. With the increase in storage period in dairy feeds, the aflatoxin levels were increased to 4.96 ppb only in a BS8 dairy farm. This value is below the maximum permissible level (10 ppb) in beef cattle feed. The aflatoxin levels of dairy feed samples taken after production varied between 0.44 and 2.01 ppb. Aflatoxin levels were found to be between 0.89 and 3.01 ppb in dairy cattle feeds taken on the 20<sup>th</sup> day of storage at 10 dairy cattle farm. On the 40<sup>th</sup> day, feed aflatoxin levels in the same dairy cattle farm were found between 1.12 and 7.83 ppb. The aflatoxin levels were increased to 7.83 and 6.31 ppb in 2 dairy farms, after a storage period of 40 days. These obtained aflatoxin values are above the maximum permissible level in dairy cattle feeds. The 40 days storage in pellet form in the HACCP feed safety management system can be considered as a critical control point. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aflatoxin" title="aflatoxin">aflatoxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beef%20cattle%20feed" title=" beef cattle feed"> beef cattle feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20feed" title=" compound feed"> compound feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cattle%20feed" title=" dairy cattle feed"> dairy cattle feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HACCP" title=" HACCP"> HACCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90397/the-effects-of-production-transportation-and-storage-conditions-on-mold-growth-in-compound-feeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1166</span> The Use of the Phytase in Aquaculture, Its Zootechnical Interests and the Possibilities of Incorporation in the Aquafeed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niang%20Mamadou%20Sileye">Niang Mamadou Sileye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study turns on the use of the phytase in aquaculture, its zootechnical interests and the possibilities of incorporation in the feed. The goal is to reduce the waste in phosphorus linked to the feeding of fishes, without any loss of zootechnical performances and with a decrease of feed costs. We have studied the literature in order to evaluate the raw materials (total phosphorus, phytate and available phosphorus) used by a company to manufacture feed for rainbow trout; to determine the phosphorus requirements for aquaculture species; to determine the requirements of phosphorus for aquaculture species, to determine the sings of lack of phosphorus for fishes; to study the antagonism between the phosphorus and the calcium and to study also the different forms of waste for the rainbow trout. The results found in the bibliography enable us test several Hypothesis of feed formulation for rainbow trout with different raw materials. This simulation and the calculation for wastes allowed to validate two formulation of feed: a control feed (0.5% of monocalcique phosphate) and a trial feed (supplementation with 0.002% of phytase Ronozyme PL and without inorganic phosphate). The feeds have been produced and sent to a experimental structure (agricultural college of Brehoulou).The result of the formulation give a decrease of the phosphorus waste of 28% for the trial feed compared to the feed. The supplementation enables a gain of 2.3 euro per ton. The partial results of the current test show no significant difference yet for the zootechnical parameters (growth rate, mortality, weight gain and obvious conversion rate) between control feed and the trial one. The waste measures do not show either significant difference between the control feed and the trial one, but however, the average difference would to decrease the wastes of 35.6% thanks to the use of phytase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorus" title="phosphorus">phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytic%20acid" title=" phytic acid"> phytic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytase" title=" phytase"> phytase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=need" title=" need"> need</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestibility" title=" digestibility"> digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formulation" title=" formulation"> formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title=" food"> food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainbow%20trout" title=" rainbow trout"> rainbow trout</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167276/the-use-of-the-phytase-in-aquaculture-its-zootechnical-interests-and-the-possibilities-of-incorporation-in-the-aquafeed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1165</span> Nutritional Evaluation of Seseame Seed Husk as a Source of Fibre in the Diets of Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maidala%20A.">Maidala A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bizi%20A.%20G."> Bizi A. G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olaoyo%20T.%20G."> Olaoyo T. G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawan%20Amaza%20B.%20I."> Lawan Amaza B. I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makinde%20O.%20J."> Makinde O. J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudik%20S.%20D."> Sudik S. D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of full or partial replacement of wheat offal by dry Sesame Seed Husk (SSH) on the performance of broiler chickens. One-day-old chicks (n = 120) were randomly allotted to five treatments, each replicated four times. A replicate comprised of eight chicks each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). SSH was included at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, respectively. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the Daily feed intake (76.03-88.74), Daily weight gain (35.53-37.66), Feed conversion ratio (2.31-3.21) and Carcass characteristics. The feed cost is reduced as you increase the levels of SSH, and the feed cost N/kg gain was highest in the wheat offal diet and lowest at 100% SSH. It can be concluded that higher levels of up to 100% SSH can be incorporated into broiler rations without deleterious effects on the performance of broilers and concomitant reduction in feed cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSH" title="SSH">SSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broilers" title=" broilers"> broilers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics%20of%20production" title=" economics of production"> economics of production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematology" title=" hematology"> hematology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20biochemistry" title=" serum biochemistry"> serum biochemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193669/nutritional-evaluation-of-seseame-seed-husk-as-a-source-of-fibre-in-the-diets-of-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1164</span> Thermal Efficiency Analysis and Optimal of Feed Water Heater for Mae Moh Thermal Power Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khomkrit%20Mongkhuntod">Khomkrit Mongkhuntod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chatchawal%20Chaichana"> Chatchawal Chaichana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atipoang%20Nuntaphan"> Atipoang Nuntaphan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feed Water Heater is the important equipment for thermal power plant. The heating temperature from feed heating process is an impact to power plant efficiency or heat rate. Normally, the degradation of feed water heater that operated for a long time is effect to decrease plant efficiency or increase plant heat rate. For Mae Moh power plant, each unit operated more than 20 years. The degradation of the main equipment is effect of planting efficiency or heat rate. From the efficiency and heat rate analysis, Mae Moh power plant operated in high heat rate more than the commissioning period. Some of the equipment were replaced for improving plant efficiency and plant heat rates such as HP turbine and LP turbine that the result is increased plant efficiency by 5% and decrease plant heat rate by 1%. For the target of power generation plan that Mae Moh power plant must be operated more than 10 years. These work is focus on thermal efficiency analysis of feed water heater to compare with the commissioning data for find the way to improve the feed water heater efficiency that may effect to increase plant efficiency or decrease plant heat rate by use heat balance model simulation and economic value add (EVA) method to study the investment for replacing the new feed water heater and analyze how this project can stay above the break-even point to make the project decision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20water%20heater" title="feed water heater">feed water heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20plant%20efficiency" title=" power plant efficiency"> power plant efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20heat%20rate" title=" plant heat rate"> plant heat rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20efficiency%20analysis" title=" thermal efficiency analysis"> thermal efficiency analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65534/thermal-efficiency-analysis-and-optimal-of-feed-water-heater-for-mae-moh-thermal-power-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=39">39</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=40">40</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20feed&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>