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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&params=40_51_55.38_N_72_52_19.71_W_type:landmark&title=NSLS-II"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°51′55.38″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°52′19.71″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.8653833°N 72.8721417°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.8653833; -72.8721417</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">NSLS-II</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National laboratory in New York, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">NSLS-II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg/250px-NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg/375px-NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg/500px-NSLS-II_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2162" data-file-height="1622" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">An aerial view of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_670f100039b9b9da8ec49fd2444471d2097f9b82"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&revid=1243507311&groups=_670f100039b9b9da8ec49fd2444471d2097f9b82" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&revid=1243507311&groups=_670f100039b9b9da8ec49fd2444471d2097f9b82 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Research and Development Facility</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town or city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Upton,_New_York" title="Upton, New York">Upton, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&params=40_51_55.38_N_72_52_19.71_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°51′55.38″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°52′19.71″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.8653833°N 72.8721417°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.8653833; -72.8721417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">2009</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">2015<sup id="cite_ref-2yearanniversary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2yearanniversary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data">US$912 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor area</th><td class="infobox-data">400,000 sq ft (37,000 m<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architecture firm</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HDR,_Inc." title="HDR, Inc.">HDR, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torcon_(construction)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torcon (construction) (page does not exist)">Torcon, Inc.</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/ps/">BNL: National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p> The <b>National Synchrotron Light Source II</b> (NSLS-II) at <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a> (BNL) in <a href="/wiki/Upton,_New_York" title="Upton, New York">Upton, New York</a> is a national user research facility funded primarily by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a>'s (DOE) Office of Science. NSLS-II is a <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron_light_source" title="Synchrotron light source">synchrotron light source</a>, designed to produce X-rays 10,000 times brighter than BNL's original light source, the <a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source" title="National Synchrotron Light Source">National Synchrotron Light Source</a> (NSLS). NSLS-II supports research in <a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">energy security</a>, advanced materials synthesis and manufacturing, environment, and human health.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg/260px-National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg/390px-National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg/520px-National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Exterior of National Synchrotron Light Source II facility, taken 22 July 2012 during Brookhaven National Laboratory "Summer Sundays" public tour.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users_and_partners">Users and partners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Users and partners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Users">Users</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to use the NSLS-II, researchers submit a peer-reviewed proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first five months of 2023, NSLS-II served over 1,200 researchers from academic, industrial, and government laboratories worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partners">Partners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NSLS-II has partners with public and private institutions which joined effort to fund the construction and operation of some of its beamlines. Its partnerships include BNL's <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Functional_Nanomaterials" title="Center for Functional Nanomaterials">Center for Functional Nanomaterials</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beamlines">Beamlines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beamlines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NSLS-II currently has 29 <a href="/wiki/Beamline" title="Beamline">beamlines</a> (experimental stations) open for operations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the facility is complete, NSLS-II is expected to "be capable of supporting some 58 beamlines in total."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beamlines at NSLS-II are grouped into five science programs: <a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard X-ray">hard X-ray</a> <a href="/wiki/Scattering" title="Scattering">scattering</a> & <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imaging_particle_analysis" title="Imaging particle analysis">imaging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopy</a>, structural biology, <a href="/wiki/Soft_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft X-ray">soft X-ray</a> scattering and spectroscopy, and complex scattering. These programs group beamlines together that offer similar types of research techniques for studying the behavior and structure of matter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hard_X-ray_scattering_&_spectroscopy"><span id="Hard_X-ray_scattering_.26_spectroscopy"></span>Hard X-ray scattering & spectroscopy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hard X-ray scattering & spectroscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>6-BM: Materials Measurement (BMM)</li> <li>7-BM: Quick X-ray Absorption and Scattering (QAS)</li> <li>8-ID: Inner Shell Spectroscopy (ISS)</li> <li>27-ID: High Energy X-ray <a href="/wiki/Diffraction" title="Diffraction">Diffraction</a> (HEX) <i>(under construction)</i></li> <li>28-ID-1: <a href="/wiki/Pair_distribution_function" title="Pair distribution function">Pair Distribution Function</a> (PDF)</li> <li>28-ID-2: X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XPD)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imaging_and_microscopy">Imaging and microscopy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Imaging and microscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3-ID: Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN)</li> <li>4-BM: X-ray <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a> Microprobe (XFM)</li> <li>5-ID: Submicron Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (SRX)</li> <li>8-BM: Tender Energy X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (TES)</li> <li>9-ID: <a href="/wiki/Coherent_diffraction_imaging" title="Coherent diffraction imaging">Coherent Diffraction Imaging</a> (CDI) <i>(under construction)</i></li> <li>18-ID: Full-Field X-ray Imaging (FXI)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural_biology">Structural biology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structural biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>16-ID: Life Science X-ray Scattering (LIX)</li> <li>17-ID-1: Highly Automated <a href="/wiki/Macromolecule" title="Macromolecule">Macromolecular</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystallography" title="Crystallography">Crystallography</a> Beamline (AMX)</li> <li>17-ID-2: Frontier Microfocusing Macromolecular Crystallography (FMX)</li> <li>17-BM: X-ray Footprinting of Biological Materials (XFP)</li> <li>19-ID: Biological Microdiffraction Facility (NYX)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soft_X-ray_scattering_&_spectroscopy"><span id="Soft_X-ray_scattering_.26_spectroscopy"></span>Soft X-ray scattering & spectroscopy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Soft X-ray scattering & spectroscopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2-ID: Soft <a href="/wiki/Inelastic_collision" title="Inelastic collision">Inelastic</a> X-ray Scattering (SIX)</li> <li>7-ID-1: Spectroscopy Soft and Tender 1 (SST-1)</li> <li>7-ID-2: Spectroscopy Soft and Tender 2 (SST-2)</li> <li>21-ID-1: Electron Spectro-Microscopy ARPES (ESM-ARPES)</li> <li>21-ID-2: Electron Spectro-Microscopy XPEEM (ESM-XPEEM)</li> <li>22-IR-1: Frontier Synchrotron Infrared Spectroscopy (FIS)</li> <li>22-IR-2: Magnetospectroscopy, Ellipsomentry and Time-Resolved Optical Spectroscopies (MET)</li> <li>23-ID-1: Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CSX)</li> <li>23-ID-2: <i>In situ</i> and Operando Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy (IOS)</li> <li>29-ID-1: Soft X-ray Nanoprobe (SXN) <i>(under construction)</i></li> <li>29-ID-2: NanoARPES and NanoRIXS (ARI) <i>(under construction)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complex_scattering">Complex scattering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Complex scattering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>4-ID: Integrated In-situ and Resonant Hard X-ray Studies (ISR)</li> <li>10-ID: Inelastic X-ray Scattering (IXS)</li> <li>11-ID: Coherent Hard X-ray Scattering (CHX)</li> <li>11-BM: Complex Materials Scattering (CMS)</li> <li>12-ID: Soft Matter Interfaces (SMI)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage_ring_parameters">Storage ring parameters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Storage ring parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NSLS-II is a medium energy (3.0 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a>) electron storage ring designed to deliver photons with high average spectral <a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">brightness</a> exceeding 10<sup>21</sup> ph/s in the 2–10 <a href="/wiki/KeV" class="mw-redirect" title="KeV">keV</a> energy range and a <a href="/wiki/Flux" title="Flux">flux</a> density exceeding 10<sup>15</sup> ph/s in all spectral ranges. This performance requires the storage ring to support a very high-current electron beam (up to 500 mA) with a very small horizontal (down to 0.5 nm-rad) and vertical (8 pm-rad) <a href="/wiki/Beam_emittance" title="Beam emittance">emittance</a>. The electron beam is stable in its position (<10% of its size), angle (<10% of its divergence), dimensions (<10%), and intensity (±0.5% variation). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage_ring_lattice">Storage ring lattice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Storage ring lattice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NSLS-II storage ring lattice consists of 30 <a href="/wiki/Chasman%E2%80%93Green_lattice" title="Chasman–Green lattice">double-bend achromat</a> (DBA) cells that can accommodate at least 58 beamlines for experiments, distributed by type of source as follows: </p> <ul><li>15 low-beta ID straights for undulators or superconducting wigglers</li> <li>12 high-beta ID straights for either undulators or damping wigglers</li> <li>31 BM ports providing broadband sources covering the IR, VUV, and soft X-ray ranges. Any of these ports can alternatively be replaced by a 3PW port covering the hard X-ray range.</li> <li>4 BM ports on large gap (90 mm) dipoles for very far-IR</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radiation_sources">Radiation sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Radiation sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Continuing the tradition established by the NSLS, NSLS-II radiation sources span a very wide spectral range, from the far infrared (down to 0.1 eV) to the very hard X-ray region (>300 keV). This is achieved by a combination of bending magnets, three-pole wigglers, and insertion device (ID) sources.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Construction of NSLS-II began in 2009 and was completed in 2014. NSLS-II saw first light in October 2014. The facility cost $912,000,000 to build, and the project received the DOE's Secretary's Award of Excellence. Torcon Inc., headquartered in New Jersey, was the general contractor selected by the DOE for the project.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2yearanniversary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2yearanniversary_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/national-synchrotron-light-source-ii-celebrates-two-years-user-operations/">"National Synchrotron Light Source II Celebrates Two Years of User Operations"</a>. hpcwire.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II+Celebrates+Two+Years+of+User+Operations&rft.pub=hpcwire.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpcwire.com%2Foff-the-wire%2Fnational-synchrotron-light-source-ii-celebrates-two-years-user-operations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=21349">"First Concrete Poured for NSLS-II Ring Building"</a>. bnl.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Concrete+Poured+for+NSLS-II+Ring+Building&rft.pub=bnl.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D21349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=1910">"NSLS-II Contract Will Mean Hundreds of Jobs for Long Island"</a>. bnl.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NSLS-II+Contract+Will+Mean+Hundreds+of+Jobs+for+Long+Island&rft.pub=bnl.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D1910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/ps/nsls2/about-NSLS-II.php">"BNL Photon Sciences | About NSLS-II"</a>. <i>www.bnl.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bnl.gov&rft.atitle=BNL+Photon+Sciences+%7C+About+NSLS-II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fps%2Fnsls2%2Fabout-NSLS-II.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/nsls2/userguide/access/proposal-types.php">"BNL | NSLS-II User Guide | Guide to Proposal Types"</a>. <i>www.bnl.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bnl.gov&rft.atitle=BNL+%7C+NSLS-II+User+Guide+%7C+Guide+to+Proposal+Types&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnsls2%2Fuserguide%2Faccess%2Fproposal-types.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=221267">"Reaching for New Horizons at the 2023 NSLS-II, CFN & LBMS Users' Meeting"</a>. <i>Brookhaven National Laboratory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Reaching+for+New+Horizons+at+the+2023+NSLS-II%2C+CFN+%26+LBMS+Users%27+Meeting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D221267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/ps/beamlines/">"BNL | Photon Sciences | Beamline Directory"</a>. <i>www.bnl.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bnl.gov&rft.atitle=BNL+%7C+Photon+Sciences+%7C+Beamline+Directory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fps%2Fbeamlines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Synchrotron+Light+Source+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=111153">"New Tools for New Light Source at Brookhaven Lab"</a>. <i>Brookhaven National Laboratory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Synchrotron_radiation_facilities" title="Template:Synchrotron radiation facilities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Synchrotron_radiation_facilities" title="Template talk:Synchrotron radiation facilities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Synchrotron_radiation_facilities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Synchrotron radiation facilities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Synchrotron_radiation_facilities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Synchrotron_light_source" title="Synchrotron light source">Synchrotron radiation facilities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Light_Source" title="African Light Source">African Light Source (AfLS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Light_Source" title="Advanced Light Source">Advanced Light Source (ALS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Photon_Source" title="Advanced Photon Source">Advanced Photon Source (APS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Light_Source" title="Canadian Light Source">Canadian Light Source (CLS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Laboratory_for_Accelerator-based_Sciences_and_Education" title="Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education">Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Synchrotron_Radiation_Lightsource" title="Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource">Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(synchrotron_light_source)" title="Sirius (synchrotron light source)">Sirius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing_Synchrotron_Radiation_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (page does not exist)">Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Photon_Source" title="High Energy Photon Source">High Energy Photon Source (HEPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NanoTerasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NanoTerasu (page does not exist)">NanoTerasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Radiation_Research_Center" title="National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center">Taiwan Light Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synchrotron_Radiation_Research_Center" title="National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center">Taiwan Photon Source</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pohang_Light_Source_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pohang Light Source II (page does not exist)">Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photon_Factory" title="Photon Factory">Photon Factory (PF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Synchrotron_Radiation_Facility" title="Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility">Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPring-8" title="SPring-8">SPring-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_2" title="Indus 2">Indus 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Synchrotron_Light_Source" title="Singapore Synchrotron Light Source">Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Light_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synchrotron Light Research Institute (page does not exist)">Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchrotron-Light_for_Experimental_Science_and_Applications_in_the_Middle_East" title="Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East">SESAME</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALBA_(synchrotron)" title="ALBA (synchrotron)">ALBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Light_Source" title="Diamond Light Source">Diamond Light Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELETTRA" title="ELETTRA">ELETTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Synchrotron_Radiation_Facility" title="European Synchrotron Radiation Facility">European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAX_IV_Laboratory" title="MAX IV Laboratory">MAX IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESY" title="DESY">PETRA III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(synchrotron)" title="Solaris (synchrotron)">Solaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLEIL" title="SOLEIL">SOLEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Light_Source" title="Swiss Light Source">Swiss Light Source (SLS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Synchrotron" title="Australian Synchrotron">Australian Synchrotron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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