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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Jerusalem_as_of_1842" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_consuls_in_Jerusalem_as_of_1842"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List of consuls in Jerusalem as of 1842</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Jerusalem_as_of_1842-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of consuls in Jerusalem as of 1842 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Jerusalem_as_of_1842-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prussian_consuls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussian_consuls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prussian consuls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussian_consuls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_German_consul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_German_consul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>North German consul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_German_consul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_consuls_and_consuls_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_consuls_and_consuls_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>German consuls and consuls general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_consuls_and_consuls_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Jaffa_as_of_1872" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_consuls_in_Jaffa_as_of_1872"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of consuls in Jaffa as of 1872</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Jaffa_as_of_1872-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Haifa_as_of_1877" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_consuls_in_Haifa_as_of_1877"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of consuls in Haifa as of 1877</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Haifa_as_of_1877-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Eilat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_consuls_in_Eilat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of consuls in Eilat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_consuls_in_Eilat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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Confederacy</a> and thereafter <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> maintained diplomatic missions in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. The Jerusalem consulate was based on 57 <a href="/wiki/Street_of_the_Prophets" title="Street of the Prophets">Street of the Prophets</a> at the corner with Wallenberg Street, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">Consulate</a> also had affiliated vice-consulates in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>. The aim of the consulates was to represent the respective German states in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> or parts thereof. After <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> started the Second World War the consulates closed. In 1965 official diplomatic relations were established between the 1948 founded <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the 1949 founded <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. Since there is a <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Germany,_Tel_Aviv" title="Embassy of Germany, Tel Aviv">German embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, and later, as its affiliates, honorary consulates opened in Haifa and <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_consuls_in_Jerusalem_as_of_1842">List of consuls in Jerusalem as of 1842</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of consuls in Jerusalem as of 1842"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prussian_consuls">Prussian consuls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prussian consuls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before being elevated to a consulate of its own in 1845, the Prussian diplomatic mission in Jerusalem was a vice-consulate affiliated to the Prussian consulate in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>. Occasionally consuls were personally ranked as <a href="/wiki/Consul_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Consul general">consul general</a>. </p> <ul><li>1842–1845: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Gustav_Schultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Gustav Schultz (page does not exist)">Ernst Gustav Schultz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gustav_Schultz" class="extiw" title="de:Ernst Gustav Schultz">de</a>]</span> as vice-consul<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_22_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1845–1851: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Gustav_Schultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Gustav Schultz (page does not exist)">Ernst Gustav Schultz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A5" class="extiw" title="he:ארנסט גוסטב שולץ">he</a>]</span> as consul of Jerusalem</li> <li>1852–1867: Dr. <a href="/wiki/Georg_Rosen_(1821%E2%80%931891)" title="Georg Rosen (1821–1891)">Georg Rosen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_22_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1867–1869: Prof. <a href="/wiki/Julius_Heinrich_Petermann" title="Julius Heinrich Petermann">Julius Petermann</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_22_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_22-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_German_consul">North German consul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: North German consul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1869 the Prussian consulate was taken over by the newly founded North German Confederacy. </p> <ul><li>1869–1871: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Friedrich_August_von_Alten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Friedrich August von Alten (page does not exist)">Georg Friedrich August von Alten</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_August_von_Alten" class="extiw" title="de:Georg Friedrich August von Alten">de</a>]</span> (till 21 June 1871 for the North German Confederacy), personally ranked consul general<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_consuls_and_consuls_general">German consuls and consuls general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: German consuls and consuls general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 June 1871 the North German consulate was taken over by the newly founded Germany. In 1872 the consular ambit comprised the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Acre_Sanjak" title="Acre Sanjak">districts of Akka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus_Sanjak" title="Nablus Sanjak">Balqa-Nablus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consuls were occasionally personally ranked as consul general, however, only in 1913 the Jerusalem consulate was elevated to consulate general.<sup id="cite_ref-Löffler_2008_127_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Löffler_2008_127-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the British conquest of Jerusalem in 1917 and the German defeat in 1918 only in 1926 the consulate general reopened. </p> <ul><li>1871–1873: Georg Friedrich August von Alten (since 22 June 1871 for Germany), personally ranked consul general<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1873–1874: <a href="/wiki/Chancellor#Foreign_Minister_and_diplomatic_missions" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Kersten" title="Otto Kersten">Otto Kersten</a>, per pro</li> <li>1874–1881: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thankmar_von_M%C3%BCnchhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thankmar von Münchhausen (page does not exist)">Thankmar von Münchhausen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thankmar_von_M%C3%BCnchhausen_(Diplomat)" class="extiw" title="de:Thankmar von Münchhausen (Diplomat)">de</a>]</span> (1835–1909)<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1881–1885: Dr. Julius Reitz<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1886–1899: Dr. Paul Andreas von Tischendorf (1847–1914), as of 1898 personally ranked consul general<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1899–1900: Dr. <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Rosen" title="Friedrich Rosen">Friedrich Rosen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1901–1916: Edmund Schmidt (1855–1916),<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as consul general since 1914</li> <li>1916–1917: Dr. Johann Wilhelm Heinrich Brode (1874-1936) as consul general<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1917–1926: The Spanish consulate took care of the German citizens <ul><li>1921–1925: Karl Kapp (1889-1947) as <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">German</a> vice-consul attached to the Spanish consulate,<sup id="cite_ref-Löffler_2008_127_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Löffler_2008_127-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1936-1941 consul in Cleveland<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>1925–1932: Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Nord (page does not exist)">Erich August Karl Nord</a> (1889-1935)<sup id="cite_ref-Bringmann_2001_105_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bringmann_2001_105-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as consul general</li> <li>1933–1935: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Wolff (page does not exist)">Heinrich Wolff</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wolff_(Diplomat)" class="extiw" title="de:Heinrich Wolff (Diplomat)">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Blumberg_1987_128_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumberg_1987_128-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1936–1939: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_D%C3%B6hle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Döhle (page does not exist)">Walter Döhle</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_D%C3%B6hle" class="extiw" title="de:Walter Döhle">de</a>]</span> (1884-1945), as consul general<sup id="cite_ref-Blumberg_1987_128_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumberg_1987_128-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1939–1945: The Swiss consulate took care of the German citizens</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_consuls_in_Jaffa_as_of_1872">List of consuls in Jaffa as of 1872</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of consuls in Jaffa as of 1872"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the formal establishment of a vice-consulate affiliated with the Jerusalem consulate, there were consular agents, affiliated with the consulate in Beirut. In 1872, the mission in Jaffa was elevated to a vice-consulate, advancing again in 1914 to consulate, remaining throughout affiliated to the Jerusalem consulate (general; as of 1913). With the British conquest of Jaffa in 1917, the consulate closed. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> of 23 December 1932 circumscribes the consular ambit as follows: Tel Aviv, Jaffa and the coast south thereof incl. <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Ghazzah</a> with the hinterland also comprising <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramleh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarona_(colony)" title="Sarona (colony)">Sarona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a> und <a href="/wiki/Wilhelma,_Palestine" title="Wilhelma, Palestine">Wilhelma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_consulate,_Jaffa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/German_consulate%2C_Jaffa.png/220px-German_consulate%2C_Jaffa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/German_consulate%2C_Jaffa.png/330px-German_consulate%2C_Jaffa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/German_consulate%2C_Jaffa.png/440px-German_consulate%2C_Jaffa.png 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>The former consulate (right) in Jaffa, Tel Aviv, built 1913-1915 by Karl Appel</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1872–1897: Simeon Murad<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1897–1901: Edmund Schmidt<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1901–1905: Dr. Eugen Büge (1859–1936)<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1905–1908: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_R%C3%B6%C3%9Fler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Rößler (page does not exist)">Walter Rößler</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_R%C3%B6%C3%9Fler" class="extiw" title="de:Walter Rößler">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1908–1910: vacancy?</li> <li>1910–1916: Dr. Johann Wilhelm Heinrich Brode (1874-1936), till 1911 only per pro, as of 1911 as vice-consul, as of 1914 as consul<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1916–1917: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Emil_Schabinger_von_Schowingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Emil Schabinger von Schowingen (page does not exist)">Karl Emil Schabinger von Schowingen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Emil_Schabinger_von_Schowingen" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Emil Schabinger von Schowingen">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1917-1926: The German consulate in Jaffa remained closed</li> <li>1926-1932: ?</li> <li>1932-1939: Timotheus Wurst (1874-1961)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_consuls_in_Haifa_as_of_1877">List of consuls in Haifa as of 1877</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of consuls in Haifa as of 1877"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally a vice-consulate, the Haifa mission was affiliated to the Jerusalem consulate. After the Jerusalem mission had been elevated to consulate general in 1913, the Haifa mission became a consulate in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_24_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadmon_1994_24-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The London Gazette</i> of 25 March 1938 circumscribes the Haifa consular ambit as follows: Haifa and her hinterland including <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Haifa consulate closed with the British conquest of Haifa on 23 September 1918 till 1926 and again in 1939. An honorary consulate-general was opened after 1989. </p> <ul><li>1877–1878:</li> <li>1878–1908: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Keller_(1838%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Keller (1838–1913) (page does not exist)">Friedrich Keller</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Keller_(Templer)" class="extiw" title="de:Friedrich Keller (Templer)">de</a>]</span> (1838-1913)</li> <li>1909: Theodor Georg Weber<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1909–1915: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_L%C3%B6ytved-Hardegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Löytved-Hardegg (page does not exist)">Julius Löytved-Hardegg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_L%C3%B6ytved-Hardegg" class="extiw" title="de:Julius Löytved-Hardegg">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1915–1918: <ul><li>1915–1917: vacancy</li> <li>1917, 10 May to 10 August: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Hoffmann-F%C3%B6lkersamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Hoffmann-Fölkersamb (page does not exist)">Hermann Hoffmann-Fölkersamb</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hoffmann-F%C3%B6lkersamb" class="extiw" title="de:Hermann Hoffmann-Fölkersamb">de</a>]</span>, per pro</li> <li>10 August 1917 to 2 April 1918: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Werner_von_der_Schulenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg">Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg</a>, per pro</li> <li>1918, 2 April to 20 June: Dr. Kurt Max Paul Ziemke</li></ul></li> <li>1918–1926: no German mission in Haifa</li> <li>1926–1937: ?</li> <li>1937–1939: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Melchers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Melchers (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Melchers</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Melchers" class="extiw" title="de:Wilhelm Melchers">de</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1939–1989: no German mission in Haifa</li> <li>1989 to present: Michael Pappe, honorary consul general</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_consuls_in_Eilat">List of consuls in Eilat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of consuls in Eilat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An honorary consulate was opened after 1965. </p> <ul><li>2005 to present: Barbara Pfeffer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_German_consuls_in_Jerusalem,_Jaffa,_Haifa_and_Eilat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sadmon_1994_22-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_22_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_22_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_22_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeëv W. Sadmon, <i>Die Gründung des Technions in Haifa im Lichte deutscher Politik: 1907–1920</i>, Munich et al.: Saur, 1994, (=Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin; vol. 78), p. 22. Simultaneously: Trier, Univ., Diss. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-598-23222-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-598-23222-5">3-598-23222-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sadmon_1994_23-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_23_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeëv W. Sadmon, <i>Die Gründung des Technions in Haifa im Lichte deutscher Politik: 1907–1920</i>, Munich et al.: Saur, 1994, (=Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin; vol. 78), p. 23. Simultaneously: Trier, Univ., Diss. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-598-23222-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-598-23222-5">3-598-23222-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <i>Deutscher Reichs-Anzeiger und Königlich Preußischer Staats-Anzeiger</i>, 1872, p. 596.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Löffler_2008_127-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Löffler_2008_127_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Löffler_2008_127_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Löffler, <i>Protestanten in Palästina: Religionspolitik, sozialer Protestantismus und Mission in den deutschen evangelischen und anglikanischen Institutionen des Heiligen Landes 1917-1939</i>, (=Konfession und Gesellschaft; vol. 37), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2008, p. 127. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-17-019693-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-17-019693-3">978-3-17-019693-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">August Strobel, <i>Deine Mauern stehen vor mir allezeit. Bauten und Denkmäler der deutschen Siedlungs- und Forschungsgeschichte im Heiligen Land</i>, Gießen: Brunnen, 1998, (=Biblische Archäologie und Zeitgeschichte; vol. 7), p. 87. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7655-9807-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-7655-9807-0">3-7655-9807-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhard Doerries, <i>Hitler's Intelligence Chief: Walter Schellenberg</i>, New York City: Enigma Books, 2009, footnote 286 on p. 138. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1929631774" title="Special:BookSources/1929631774">1929631774</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bringmann_2001_105-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bringmann_2001_105_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_C._Bringmann" title="Tobias C. Bringmann">Tobias Bringmann</a>, <i>Handbuch der Diplomatie 1815 - 1963: auswärtige Missionschefs in Deutschland und deutsche Missionschefs im Ausland von Metternich bis Adenauer</i>, Munich et al.: Saur, 2001, p. 105. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-598-11431-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-598-11431-1">3-598-11431-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blumberg_1987_128-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blumberg_1987_128_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blumberg_1987_128_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold Blumberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395079">"Nazi Germany's Consuls in Jerusalem, 1933-1939"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304054910/http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395079">Archived</a> 2018-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in: <i>Simon Wiesenthal Center annual</i>, vol. 4 (1987), pp. 125—137, here p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The London Gazette (23 December 1932), p. 8214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N.N., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://194.242.233.158/denqPacelli/index.php?view=bio_layout&bioConstraints%5BbyID%5D=yes&bioConstraints%5Bid%5D=29050"><i>Biographie Nr.: 29050, Name Brode, Heinrich</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191029/http://194.242.233.158/denqPacelli/index.php?view=bio_layout&bioConstraints%5BbyID%5D=yes&bioConstraints%5Bid%5D=29050">Archived</a> 2017-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved on 6 May 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaiah Friedman, <i>Germany, Turkey, and Zionism 1897-1918</i>, New Brunswick (N.J.): Transaction, 1998, pp. 348seq. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0765804077" title="Special:BookSources/0765804077">0765804077</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sadmon_1994_24-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sadmon_1994_24_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeëv W. Sadmon, <i>Die Gründung des Technions in Haifa im Lichte deutscher Politik: 1907–1920</i>, Munich et al.: Saur, 1994, (=Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin; vol. 78), p. 24. Simultaneously: Trier, Univ., Diss. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-598-23222-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-598-23222-5">3-598-23222-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The London Gazette (25 March 1938), p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malte Fuhrmann, <i>Der Traum vom deutschen Orient: zwei deutsche Kolonien im Osmanischen Reich</i>, Frankfurt/Main et al.: Campus, 2006, p. 360. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-593-38005-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-593-38005-6">3-593-38005-6</a>; partially simultaneously: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayşin Yoltar-Yıldırım, <i>Julius Harry Löytved-Hardegg: A German consul in Konya in the early 20th century</i>, paper presented at the International Conference on Turkish Art, Budapest, 7 September 2007, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_Carmel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Carmel (page does not exist)">Alex Carmel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Carmel" class="extiw" title="de:Alex Carmel">de</a>]</span>, <i>Geschichte Haifas in der türkischen Zeit 1516-1918</i>, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1975, p. 132. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-01636-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-01636-1">3-447-01636-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulricke Becker, "Post-war Antisemitism: Germany’s Foreign Policy Toward Egypt", in: <i>Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity</i>, Charles Asher Small (ed.), Leiden: Brill, 2013, pp. 283-290, here p. 286. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004214576" title="Special:BookSources/9789004214576">9789004214576</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Template:Foreign relations of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Germany&#124;link=Germany_Foreign_relations_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany">Foreign relations of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Algeria–Germany relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Angola–Germany relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Cameroon–Germany relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Central African Republic–Germany relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Germany relations">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Egypt–Germany relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Eritrea–Germany relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Ethiopia–Germany relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Ghana_relations" title="Germany–Ghana relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Guinea_relations" title="Germany–Guinea relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="Germany–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Germany–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="Germany–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Germany–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="Germany–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="Germany–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="Germany–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Germany–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="Germany–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Germany–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="Germany–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Germany–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="Germany–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Germany–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Germany–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Somaliland_relations" title="Germany–Somaliland relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Germany–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="Germany–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Germany–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Germany–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="Germany–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="Germany–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany-Zimbabwe_relations" title="Germany-Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deutscher Bundesadler"><img alt="Deutscher Bundesadler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Argentina–Germany relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Barbados–Germany relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Bolivia–Germany relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Brazil–Germany relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Canada–Germany relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Chile–Germany relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Colombia–Germany relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Cuba–Germany relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Ecuador–Germany relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Guyana_relations" title="Germany–Guyana relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="Germany–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="Germany–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Germany–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="Germany–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="Germany–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Germany–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Germany–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Germany–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Afghanistan–Germany relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Bahrain–Germany relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Bangladesh–Germany relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Bhutan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany–Bhutan relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Brunei–Germany relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Cambodia–Germany relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_relations" title="Germany–Hong Kong relations">Hong Kong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Germany–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Germany–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Germany–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="Germany–Iraq relations">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Kurdistan_Region_relations" title="Germany–Kurdistan Region relations">Kurdistan Region</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Germany–Israel relations">Israel</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Consuls in Haifa and Eilat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Germany–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Jordan_relations" title="Germany–Jordan relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="Germany–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Germany–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="Germany–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Germany–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Germany–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="Germany–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="Germany–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="Germany–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Germany–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Germany–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Germany–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Germany–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Germany–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Germany–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Germany–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Germany–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Germany–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Germany–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Germany–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Germany–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Germany–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="Germany–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Germany–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Germany–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Germany–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="Germany–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Germany–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Germany–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Albania–Germany relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Armenia–Germany relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Germany relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Austria–Germany relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Belarus–Germany relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Belgium–Germany relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Germany relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Bulgaria–Germany relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Croatia–Germany relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Cyprus–Germany relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Czech Republic–Germany relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Denmark–Germany relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Estonia–Germany relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Finland–Germany relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Georgia–Germany relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Germany–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Germany–Holy See relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="Germany–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="Germany–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Germany–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Germany–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Germany–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Germany–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Liechtenstein_relations" title="Germany–Liechtenstein relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="Germany–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="Germany–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="Germany–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="Germany–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Germany–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Germany–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="Germany–North Macedonia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Germany–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Germany–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Germany–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Germany–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Germany–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Germany–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Germany–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Germany–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Germany–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Germany–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Australia–Germany relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Germany–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Germany–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Arab_world" title="Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">German entry into World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nazi_Germany_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Nazi Germany relations">China before 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations,_1918%E2%80%931941" title="Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941">Soviet Union before 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_German_relations" title="Inner German relations">Inner German relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Germany–United States relations">East Germany–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Germany–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors of Nazi Germany">Ambassadors of Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Nazi Germany">Foreign relations of Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of East Germany">Foreign relations of East Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Foreign_Office" title="Federal Foreign Office">Federal Foreign Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">Foreign ministers of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Germany" title="List of diplomatic missions of Germany">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Germany" title="List of diplomatic missions in Germany">in Germany</a> / 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